雅思阅读中不容忽视的各种从句
雅思阅读中的定语从句
雅思阅读中的定语从句雅思阅读中的定语从句雅思阅读中的定语从句应该注意的问题指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. （主语）2.The girl (whom）I met is Lucy. （定语）3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. （定语）4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. （定语）一、引导定语从句的关系词指代人who，whom，that指代事物which，that, as所属关系whose，of which指地点where指时间when指原因why二、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但下列情况只用that。
All that can be done has been done.Do you have anything that you don’t understand ?There is little that can be believed about it .The book doesn’t say much that amuses children.先行词是all ,everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。
Hamb urg is the most beautiful city that I’ve ever seen.This is the best TV that is made in China.The first museum that he visited in China was the History Museum.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。
雅思阅读之常见的重点句型归纳总结
雅思阅读之常见的重点句型归纳总结1.强调句：强调某个特定的信息或观点，通常用“It is ... that ...”或“It is only ... which ...”等句型来表达。
例如：“It is only through cultural experience that one can truly understand the world in which they live.”2.倒装句：强调某个特定的信息或观点，通常用“... is it ... that ...”的句型来表达。
例如：“Only is it through cultural experience that one can truly understand the world in which they live.”3.比较句：用来描述两个事物的相同点和不同点，通常用“... as ...”或“... than ...”等句型来表达。
例如：“Cultural experience, as compared to cultural knowledge, plays a more important role in promoting cross-cultural understanding.”4.名词性从句：表达一个特定的观点或信息，通常用“What, Why, How, Whether ...”等引导的从句来表达。
例如：“What is important is not so much the knowledge one possesses but how one utilizes it.”5.条件句：表达一种假设情况，通常用“If ... were to do ...,then ...”或“If ..., would ..., then ...”等句型来表达。
例如：“If one were to travel to a foreign country, they would have to adapt to the new cultural environment.”掌握这些句型可以帮助考生更好地理解文章的主旨和细节，提高阅读速度和理解能力。
雅思阅读高分必备形容词性从句
雅思阅读高分必备形容词性从句有时定语从句中还有其他成分，介词则位于定语从句之中。
如：This is the engineer who he cooperated with in the project.先行词指人时，关系代词既可以用who, 也可以用that。
但关系代词在定语从句中用作主语时，多用主格who。
如：★ Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of the dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various world to conquer.（persons, those, people等先行词多用关系代词who）★ It is Tom who should be punished.（在强调结构中，指人时多用who）★ The American zoologist Donald Griffin, who was largely responsible for the discovery of sonar in bats, coined the term ‘echolocation’ to cover both sonar and radar, whether used by animals or by human instruments.朗阁雅思培训中心分析认为，在下列情况中多用that, 而不用who或者which。
如：★ much （很多）little （很少）none （没有任何）everything （任何事情） +先行词 +thateverybody （任何人）nothing （没有任何）nobody （没有人）E.g. There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.★先行词前面有最高级形容词修饰时He is the most boring speaker that I have ever heard.This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.★先行词有以下代词或者有下列代词修饰时the firstthe lastthe onlythe same +先行词 +thatthe veryallanynoeveryE.g. This is the last chance that you have.This is the very thing that I lost yesterday.This is the first thing that he wants to do.You are the only friend that we have.He is the last person that Tom wants to see.He has told the police all that he knew.★前面已经有疑问词who或者which时E.g. Who that knows him will trust him?Which of these trains is the one that goes to Nanjing?Which is the bike that you have lost?★兼指人和物/事物时E.g. The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the bridge.在下列情况中则多用which。
带你了解雅思阅读复杂句型!
带你了解雅思阅读复杂句型！在雅思阅读练习中大家有没有注意一些雅思阅读复杂句型，这些复杂句型都是什么呢?天道留学小编下面为大家详细介绍一下，供大家参考学习，希望可以帮助大家雅思阅读提高，大家如果想了解更多信息，请关注天道留学雅思频道。
雅思阅读常见复杂句型主要从各种从句、非谓语结构和其他常见句式三个方面进行了分享，希望对大家雅思阅读练习有帮助，希望可以帮助大家雅思阅读提高。
一、雅思阅读常见各种复杂句1、各种从句英语从句一般有三种类型：第一种，名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;第二种，定语从句，雅思阅读中最常见的题型;第三种，状语从句，包括时间状语从句，地点状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，条件状语从句，目的状语从句，方式状语从句，比较状语从句。
2、非谓语英语中的非谓语有三种形式：第一种，动词不定式——to do;第二种，动词的ing——doing;第三种，动词的过去分词——done。
这几种形式除了不能作句子谓语成分之外，具有多种语法功能，在句中可做主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语或宾语补足语，所以复习起来有点麻烦。
非谓语的结构难点主要在于区别三种形式的意思和用法：to do表示即将要做的事情，多用做计划、打算或目的地。
Doing表示正在发生的动作或行为，多用于主动语态。
done表示已发生过的行为或既存事实/状态，多用于被动语态。
3、其他常见句式雅思阅读中还有一些其他的常见句式，比如说倒装句、强调句、插入语等。
这些句子因为其句子结构语序和一般的句子不同，因而理解起来有点困难。
但是同学们只要了解这些句子的语法点，就会一通百通，更好更快地分析这些句型结构。
更多各种复杂句的分析讲解大家可以参考雅思阅读句子结构分析二、复杂句的分析方法在我们分析复杂句子之前，首先要明白英语中的复杂句不管结构多复杂，句子有多长，都只能有一个主谓。
所以分析复杂句的核心技巧就是能够快速找到句子的主语和谓语，然后再抽丝剥茧找出其他的结构。
雅思阅读之定语从句分析
雅思阅读之定语从句分析在雅思阅读中，定语从句是一个重要的语法结构，通常用于修饰和限定名词，提供更多的信息。
以下是定语从句的几种类型以及它们的分析方法：1.限制性定语从句这种从句对被修饰的名词有严格的限制，不可省略，否则句子的意义会不完整。
例如：“The scientist who discovered the Higgs boson was awarded the Nobel Prize.”（发现希格斯玻色子的科学家被授予诺贝尔奖。
）2.非限制性定语从句这种从句对被修饰的名词没有严格的限制，可以省略而不影响句子的意义。
例如：“His father, who is a doctor, works in a hospital.”（他的父亲是一名医生，在医院工作。
）3.关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词如“that”、“which”、“who”等用于引导定语从句，指代被修饰的名词。
例如：“The1book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.”（我从图书馆借来的书很有趣。
）4.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词如“where”、“when”、“why”等也可以引导定语从句，用于修饰名词。
例如：“The reason why he was late for class was that he got up late this morning.”（他迟到的原因是他今天早上起床晚了。
）5.分隔式定语从句在这种结构中，定语从句与被修饰的名词被其他成分分隔开。
例如：“The company, which was founded in 1990, has grown rapidly in recent years.”（这家成立于1990年的公司近年来发展迅速。
）在分析定语从句时，首先要判断它是限制性还是非限制性的，然后确定关系代词或关系副词的意义和作用。
雅思定语从句例句
雅思定语从句例句
雅思考试中，定语从句是写作和阅读理解部分经常涉及的语法点。
以下是一些使用定语从句的雅思例句：
1.The book that you lent me yesterday is a fascinating read on climate
change. (昨天你借给我的那本书是一本关于气候变化的引人入胜的读物。
)
2.The city where I was born has undergone significant transformation over
the last decade. (我出生的城市在过去十年里经历了显著的变化。
)
3. A country which invests heavily in education usually experiences economic
growth. (一个在教育上大力投资的国家通常会经历经济增长。
)
4.The company whose profits have tripled in the past year plans to expand
globally. (在过去一年利润增长了两倍的公司计划全球扩张。
)
5.This is the house which my grandparents built in the 1960s and has been
in our family ever since. (这是我祖父母在上世纪60年代建造的房子，自
那时起就一直在我们家族中。
)
这些例句展示了定语从句的不同形式：限制性定语从句（如例句1、2、3、5）和非限制性定语从句（如例句4中的"which"引导的从句）。
雅思阅读中三种主语从句分析
成千上万人，学洛基英语雅思阅读中三种主语从句分析1. whether 引导的主语从句Whether mobile phone bring more harm than good to us has caused a heated debate.Whether the increase of fuel price can solve the world's environmental problem is a controversial issue.Whether universities should provides students with practical skills or academic knowledge is a controversial issue.2.先行词it开始的主语从句It is obvious that we are living in an information age.(该句是That we are living in an information age is obvious. 的变形)It is obvious that investing in education is investing in one's future.3.what 引导的主语从句What the government should do is to create policies to encourage low carbon development.What most companies and workforces need are not robots, but creative people who can contribute ideas.What the poor countries need most is not money, but advanced technologies and talents in some key areas.“成千上万人疯狂下载。
雅思经典必背之表语从句
雅思经典必背
表语从句
一个迫切的问题是许多稀有物种正处于灭绝 的边缘 • • • • a pressing issue rare species be on the edge of extinction A pressing issue is that many rare species are on the edge of extinction.
• 这个问题是由多种原因引起的。一个主要 这个问题是由多种原因引起的。 原因是车辆增加的数量远快家车过多而公交车不 足。 • There are several reasons for…
• There are several reasons for this problem. • One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than the building of roads. • Another primary reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.
• 近年来，关于时尚存在着广泛的争论。其 近年来，关于时尚存在着广泛的争论。 中一个问题就是一个人是否应选择他喜欢 的舒适的衣服，而不管是否时尚。 的舒适的衣服，而不管是否时尚。 • regardless of • There is a general discussion over fashion in recent years. • One of the questions under debate is whether a person should choose comfortable clothes regardless of fashion.
雅思阅读定语从句分析
雅思阅读定语从句分析雅思阅读定语从句分析在生活、工作和学习中，大家都接触过很多优秀的句子吧，句子可分为单句和复句，单句又可分为主谓句和非主谓句。
那么问题来了，到底什么样的句子才经典呢？下面是小编为大家收集的雅思阅读定语从句分析，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
雅思阅读定语从句分析篇11. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries; the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.要点：从内容上分析，which修饰“the growth of knowledge”图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。
知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。
由于印刷术的发明，这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。
2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.如果他们每个人都能予以信任承担这样的职责，并在他们所管辖的范围内发挥主动性，那么管理费用就会降低。
3. There are probably no question we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even that matter of consciousness.迟早可能不存在我们想得出但解答不了的问题，甚至包括我们意识的问题。
雅思阅读高分必备的名词性从句
雅思阅读高分必备的名词性从句雅思阅读考试主要考查考生们定位所需信息，理解并且掌握的能力。
为了能够准确定位，很多考生片面强调了词汇的重要性，在备考雅思阅读考试的过程中仅仅关注了词汇量的提高，而忽略了语法的掌握和提高。
这样在雅思阅读考试中，考生们虽然能够准确定位，却由于语法方面的问题，在理解原文对应内容时出现过失，本末倒置，主从句判断错误，最终断章取义，导致题目做错。
其实了解雅思的人都知道，雅思阅读考试中有很多长句，而考生如果语法方面有任何一点过失，或者不擅长于长句短读〔迅速找出一个长句的主句即主谓宾/主系表〕，都会在雅思阅读考试中失利。
因此考生们在备考的过程中，对于英语中的从句必须要有很好的掌握，而雅思阅读考试中出现频率最高的从句之一就是名词性从句。
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(noun clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词宾语从句等。
下面就给考生们介绍一下这几个名词性从句及其在雅思阅读中的应用。
主语从句：在复合句中用作主语的从句称为主语从句(subject clause)。
引导主语从句的关联词有附属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。
如：★That they werein truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们确实是亲姊妹，她们的脸型很相似。
〔关联词是附属连词that〕★Who should beresponsible for the senior citizens has been widely discussed in our community. 谁应该对老年人负责这个问题在社区里被广泛讨论。
雅思写作表语从句
表语从句是雅思写作中常用的语法结构之一，用于描述主语的状态、特征或性质。
以下是一些常见的表语从句：1. 名词/代词+ be动词+ 形容词+ that从句例如：My hope is that I can pass the exam.（我的希望是我能通过考试。
）2. 名词/代词+ be动词+ 名词+ that从句例如：His dream is to become a doctor.（他的梦想是成为一名医生。
）3. 名词/代词+ be动词+ 副词+ that从句例如：The fact is that he didn't finish his homework.（事实是他没有完成他的作业。
）4. 名词/代词+ seem/appear + to be + 形容词/名词+ that从句例如：It seems that she is very happy today.（看起来她今天很开心。
）5. 名词/代词+ become + 形容词/名词+ that从句例如：He became angry when he heard the news.（当他听到这个消息时，他生气了。
）6. 名词/代词+ feel/look/sound + as if/as though + 从句例如：She looked as if she had seen a ghost.（她看起来好像看到了鬼一样。
）7. 名词/代词+ make + it + 形容词/名词+ that从句例如：The teacher made it clear that we must finish the project by Friday.（老师明确表示我们必须在周五之前完成这个项目。
）。
雅思阅读语法 状语从句
二
地点状语从句
东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结报告
Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie
where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Where there is water there is life. 哪里有水，哪里就有生命。 You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。 Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 无论你去哪都要遵守法律。
as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合
事实，也可以用虚拟语气。
Draw a cat as I taught you . 按照我教你的画一只猫。 Do as you are told. 按照人家告诉你做的去做。 She looks as if she is ill. 看上去她好象是生病了。 He acted as if (though) nothing had happened. 他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。 They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口
三
原因状语从句
东升求实学校教育通讯工作总结报告
1.because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后 Dongsheng Qiushi XueXiao Jiaoyu TongXun Gongzuo ZongJie
雅思阅读宾语从句
雅思阅读宾语从句在雅思阅读中，长难句解析是一个重要的技巧，能够帮助考生更好地理解文章内容。
其中，宾语从句是一个常见的语法结构，也是考生在阅读过程中可能会遇到的一个难点。
本文将通过分析一些常见的宾语从句类型，帮助考生更好地理解这一语法结构，从而提高阅读理解能力。
一、定义和分类宾语从句是一种句子作宾语的结构，即一个句子作为动词或介词的宾语。
根据从句在句子中的作用和位置，可以将宾语从句分为三类：动词后宾语从句、介词后宾语从句和形容词后宾语从句。
二、常见问题在阅读过程中，考生可能会遇到以下问题：1、无法快速识别宾语从句；2、对从句中的代词指代关系不清晰；3、对从句的引导词不熟悉；4、对从句的时态和语态判断错误。
三、解析方法针对以上问题，以下是一些实用的解析方法：5、找准引导词：宾语从句通常由一个引导词引导，如that、whether、if等。
找到引导词有助于识别宾语从句。
6、判断时态和语态：宾语从句的时态和语态通常与主句保持一致。
考生可以通过判断主句的时态和语态来确定从句的时态和语态。
7、关注代词指代：在宾语从句中，代词通常指代前面提到的名词或名词短语。
考生需要关注代词的指代关系，以确保对句子的理解正确。
8、分析句子结构：通过分析句子结构，可以更好地理解句子意思。
考生可以尝试将长句分解成几个短句，以便更好地理解。
9、积累常见引导词：通过积累常见的引导词，可以更快地识别宾语从句，提高阅读速度。
四、例句分析下面通过几个例句来具体分析宾语从句的解析方法：例1：The company’s board of directors will meet to discuss whether they should accept the new investment proposal.（P2T1）分析：这个句子中有一个宾语从句，即“whether they should accept the new investment proposal”，作为动词“discuss”的宾语。
浅谈雅思阅读状语从句解析
我的托福雅思必过浅谈雅思阅读状语从句解析在雅思阅读文章中，状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。
现在我们主要学习其中的一种形式，即从句做状语成分，我们称之为状语从句。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。
一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比拟和方式。
在今天的课堂中，我们先来学会识别时间，地点和原因状语从句。
雅思阅读常见状语从句一. 时间状语从句1. 常用引导词：when, while, as, as soon as, since,before, after, till, until?下面我们结合例句主要重点区分下when，while, as, since，till, until的区别a )when引导的从句，强调的可以是时间点，也可以是时间段;Marry was about to leave when the telephone rang. when you apply for a job,you must present your credentials.a) while 一般强调的是一段时间，往往和进行时连用;When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listenedattentively and took notes.c)as后面一般加一段时间，但时间状语从句用的较少;We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair.d)since 自从，主句常与完成时连用。
We’ve never met since we graduated from the college.e) till /until till常用于肯定句，主句谓语为持续性动词时用;until一般用于否认句，多与瞬间动词连用;Donald will remain in college till he finishes his Ph.D course.I won’t go with you until I finished my homework.2. 特殊引导词：a) hardly …when,no sooner … than一…就…Tom had hardly entered the room when the class began.b) every timeI will be in trouble every time I see him.c) the minute, the moment, the second, the day，the instantI fall in love with him the moment I saw him.了解更多了解更多。
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雅思阅读中不容忽视的各种从句朗阁雅思考试研究中心朗阁雅思考试研究中心分析认为，关联词常有3个作用：连接作用，引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关联词为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词在定语从句中可以用作主语、宾语、定语等；关系副词在定语从句中只用作状语。
而其中定语从句（Attributive Clauses），在句中作定语，其作用是修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。
通常定语从句皆置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词（antecedent），而引导定语从句的词称为关联词。
定语从句一般紧跟在其先行词之后。
★有时也可以与先行词分离。
★用作关联词的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，但朗阁雅思考试研究中心在此提醒考生们绝对没有“what”。
who, whom, whose指人，who是主格，在定语从句中用作主语（在非正式英语中也可以用作宾语，并且用作宾语时可以省去不用）；whom是宾格，在定语从句中用作宾语（也可以省去不用）；whose是属格，在定语从句中用作定语（有时也可以指物）。
★The man who he talked about is a professor.（在非正式英语中who代替了whom,也可以省去不用)★He doesn‟t like the girl whom you refer to.（宾格关系代词whom在从句中用作宾语，也可以省去不用）★The children whose parents give priority to work may feel lonely and alienated.（属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语，指人）★The car whose wheels have been stolen was bought yesterday.（属格关系代词whose在定语从句中用作定语，指物，即car，可以用of which代替，但后者较为正式）That在定语从句中既可以用作主语，也可以用作宾语（在非正式文体中可省去）；既可以指人，也可以指物。
如：★These methods include strength training that duplicate what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.（关系代词that在定语从句中用作主语，指物）★The students that hold a foreign degree seem to be more confident and independent.（关系代词that在定语从句中用作主语，指人）which在定语从句中既可以用作主语，也可以用作宾语；一般皆指物（在非正式文体中可省去）。
如：★Eye position in freshwater dolphins, which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding, suggests that what vision they have stereoscopic forward and upward.（关系代词which在定语从句中用作主语）★Those surveyed had experienced chronic illnesses, for which orthodox medicine had been able to provide little relief.（关系代词which在定语从句中用作宾语，可以省去）which在从句中也可以被用作定语和表语。
如：★His money had been stolen, which news annoyed him.（关系代词which在定语从句中用作定语)★They were completely mistrusted, which in fact, they were.（关系代词which 在定语从句中用作表语）关系代词在从句中用作介词宾语时，介词可以位于从句之首，也可以位于从句之末。
但以位于从句之首较为正式。
如：★This has been encouraged through programs of language classes fro children and through …apprentice‟ scheme, in which the endangered language is used as the medium of instruction to teach people a traditional skill.（关系代词which在定语从句中用作介词in的宾语，介词位于定语从句之首，即which之前）★This has been encouraged through programs of language classes fro childrenand through …apprentice‟ scheme, whi ch the endangered language is used as the medium of instruction to teach people a traditional skill in.（介词in位于定语从句之首，which在此可以省去）像during, except或者表示分割作用的of等介词通常放在关系代词的前面。
如：★The years during which he was away were long years to her.★He wrote many books, some of which you will read some day.关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时，介词须置于句末。
如：★The writer you referred to was an unknown writer.（关系代词who用作介词to 的宾语，介词to须位于定语从句之末，who在口语中可以省去）★This is the problem that he has been complaining about.（关系代词that用作介词about的宾语，介词about须位于定语从句之末）有时定语从句中还有其他成分，介词则位于定语从句之中。
如：This is the engineer who he cooperated with in the project.先行词指人时，关系代词既可以用who, 也可以用that。
但关系代词在定语从句中用作主语时，多用主格who。
如：★Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of the dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various world to conquer.（persons, those, people等先行词多用关系代词who）★It is Tom who should be punished.（在强调结构中，指人时多用who）朗阁雅思考试研究中心分析认为，在下列情况中多用that, 而不用who或者which。
如：★much （很多）little （很少）none （没有任何）everything （任何事情）+先行词+thateverybody （任何人）nothing （没有任何）nobody （没有人）E.g. There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.★先行词前面有最高级形容词修饰时He is the most boring speaker that I have ever heard.This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.★先行词有以下代词或者有下列代词修饰时the firstthe lastthe onlythe same +先行词+thatthe veryallanynoevery★前面已经有疑问词who或者which时E.g. Who that knows him will trust him?Which of these trains is the one that goes to Nanjing?Which is the bike that you have lost?★兼指人和物/事物时E.g. The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned.Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the bridge.在下列情况中则多用which。
如：★离先行词较远时He told me the story of the craftsman which I narrated at the beginning of this book.★those + 复数名词之后You should buy one of those clothes which sell best.★which比较正式，非正式英语中也可以用thatSome water experts are now demanding that existing infrastructure be used in smarter ways rather than building new facilities, which is increasingly considered the option of last, not first, resort.★描述性定语从句一般用whichBeijing, which was China‟s capital foe more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics.as, than, but也可以用作关系代词。
如：★The project was completed on time, as was expected before.（关系代词as 在定语从句中用作主语，其先行词是前面的整个句子）★Tourism, holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most commentators have considered.（关系代词than在定语从句中用作宾语，其先行词是social phenomena）★There are very few but admire his talents.（关系代词but在从句中用作主语，其先行词是few, but= who don‟t）用作关联词的关系副词有where, when, why等，when在定语从句中用作时间状语，其先行词是表时间的名词。