英语学术写作词汇全全全AcademicWordListbySublist
(完整版)学术英语词汇AWL
AWL (Academic Word List)(英汉)abandon 放弃；抛弃abstract 抽象的；摘要academy 研究院；学院；access 接近；入口accommodate 容纳；给⋯提供住宿；使适应accompany 陪伴；伴随accumulate 积累accurate 准确的achieve 完成；取得acknowledge 承认；致谢acquire 获得adapt 使适应；改编adequate 足够的adjacent 毗连的adjust 调整administer 管理adult 成年人advocate 拥护者；拥护affect 影响aggregate 总的；总计aid 帮助albeit 虽然allocate 分派alter 改变alternative 替代物；替代的ambiguous 模棱两可的amend 修订analogy 类似；类推analyze 分析annual 每年的；年鉴anticipate 预料apparent 明显的append 附加appreciate 欣赏；感激approach 靠近；方法appropriate 恰当的approximate 近似的arbitrary 任意的；专断的area 面积；地区；领域aspect 方面assemble 集合；装配assess 估价；评价assign 分派assist 援助assume 假设；认为；承担assure 保证attach 贴；附加attain 达到；获得attitude 态度attribute 归结于；性质author 作者；创始人authority 当局；权威automate 使自动化available 可得到的aware 意识到的behalf 利益benefit 利益；津贴；有益bias 偏见bond 纽带；债券brief 简短的bulk 体积；大批capable 能够的；有能力的capacity 容量category 种类；范畴cease 停止challenge 挑战channel 海峡；频道chapter 章chart图表chemical 化学的；化学药品circumstance 情况cite 引用civil 公民的；国内的clarify 阐明classic 名著；经典的clause 条款；从句code 代码；法典coherent 连贯的coincide相符collapse 倒塌colleague 同事commence开始comment 评论commission 委任；委员会commit 犯commodity 日用品communicate 交流community 社区；界compatible 兼容的compensate 补偿compile编纂complement 补充complex 复杂的component组成部分compound 化合物；复合词comprehensive 综合的comprise 构成compute 计算conceive 构思；怀孕concentrate 浓缩；集中concept 概念conclude 下结论concurrent 同时的conduct 行为；指挥confer授予；协商confine 限制confirm 证实conflict 冲突conform 遵守；符合consent 同意consequent必然的considerable 相当大的consist 组成constant不断的constitute 构成constrain 限制；强制construct 建造consult 咨询；查阅；请教consume消费；消耗contact 接触；联系；联系人contemporary 当代的；同代人context 上下文；背景contract 合同；收缩contradict 矛盾contrary 相反的contrast 对比contribute 贡献；捐献；投稿controversy 争议convene 召集converse 相反convert 转化convince使信服cooperate 合作coordinate 协调core 核心corporate 公司的correspond 通信；对应couple 夫妇；两个create创造；产生credit 信用；学分；功劳encounter 遇到fund 资金criteria 标准energy 精力；能量fundamental 基本的crucial 决定性的enforce 实施furthermore 此外culture 文化enhance 增强gender 性别currency 货币enormous 巨大的；大量的generate 产生cycle 骑自行车；循环ensure 保证generation 一代；产生data 数据entity 实体globe 地球debate 辩论environment 环境goal 球门；目标decade 十年equate 使相等；使平等grade 等级；年级；成绩decline 下倾；下降；谢绝equip 装备grant 拨款；助学金deduce 演绎equivalent 对等guarantee 保证define 下定义；明确erode 腐蚀guideline 方针definite 明确的error 错误hence 因此demonstrate 表明；演示；establish 建立hierarchy 等级制度示威estate 房地产highlight 精华；加亮；强denote 表示estimate 估计调deny 否认ethic 伦理hypothesis 假设depress 使沮丧ethnic 种族的identical 相同的derive 起源evaluate 评价identify 识别design 设计；图案eventual 最后的ideology 思想体系despite 尽管evident 明显的ignorant 无知的detect 检测evolve 进化；演变illustrate 举例说明；图解deviate 偏离exceed 超过image 图像；形象device 装置exclude 排除immigrate 移民devote 奉献；为⋯献身exhibit 展览impact 影响differentiate 区分expand 扩大implement 工具；执行dimension 尺寸；维expert 专家；熟练的implicate 暗指diminish 减少explicit 明晰的；详述的implicit 暗指的discrete 分离的exploit 剥削；利用imply 暗指discriminate 区别；歧视export 出口impose 征收；强加displace 移置expose 暴露；揭露incentive 刺激display 展览；显示external 外部的incidence 发生dispose 处理extract 取出；摘录incline 斜坡；使倾斜；使distinct 清晰的；独特的facilitate 使容易倾向distort 歪曲factor 因素income 收入distribute 分布feature 特征incorporate 包含diverse 多样的federal 联邦的index 索引；指标document 文件fee 费indicate 表明domain 领域；域file 文件individual 个人domestic 国内的；家庭的final 最后的induce 引起dominate 支配finance 财政inevitable 必然的draft 草稿；通风；起草finite 有限的infer 推断drama 戏剧flexible 灵活的infrastructure 基础设施duration 持续时间fluctuate 波动inherent 固有的dynamic 有活力的focus 集中；焦点inhibit 抑制economy 经济；节约format 格式initial 最初的；词首的；edit 编辑formula 公式首字母element 元素forthcoming 即将到来的initiate 开始eliminate 消除found 建立injure 使受伤emerge 出现foundation 建立；基础；innovate 创新emphasis 强调基金会input 输入empirical 经验的framework 框架insert 插入；插页enable 使能够function 功能；函数insight 见识inspect 视察instance 例子institute 研究所；学院instruct 教；指示integral 整体的；整的integrate 使结合integrity 诚信；完整intelligent 聪明的intense 强烈的interact 相互作用intermediate 中间的；中级的internal 内部的interpret 解释；口译interval 间隔intervene 干预intrinsic 内在的invest 投资investigate 调查invoke 恳求involve 涉及isolate 孤立issue 问题；发行item 项目job 工作journal 杂志；日记justify 证明label 标签labor 劳动layer 层lecture 讲课；讲座legal 合法的；法律的legislate 立法levy 征收liberal 自由的；开明的license 执照likewise 同样地link 连接；环节locate 使位于；找到logic 逻辑maintain 维持；维修major 主要的；专业manipulate 操作manual 体力的；手册margin 页边mature 成熟maximize 使最大化mechanism 装置；机制media 媒体mediate 调停medical 医学的medium 媒介；中等的mental 心理的method 方法migrate 迁移military 军事的minimal 最小的minimize 使最小化minimum 最小值ministry 部minor 次要的；辅修专业mode 模式modify 修改；修饰monitor 监视motive 动机mutual 相互的negate 否定network 网络neutral 中立的nevertheless 然而nonetheless 然而norm 标准normal 正常的notion概念；想法notwithstanding 虽然nuclear 核的；核心的objective 客观的；目标obtain 获得obvious 明显的occupy 占领；使忙碌occur 出现odd 奇数的；奇怪的；临时的offset 抵消ongoing 进行中的option 选择orient 东方；使适应outcome 结果output 产量；产出overall 总体的overlap 重叠overseas 海外panel 专家小组；面板paradigm 范例paragraph 段落parallel 平行的parameter 参数participate 参加partner 搭档passive 被动的perceive 察觉；理解percent 百分之period 时期；句号persist 持续perspective 角度phase 阶段phenomenon 现象philosophy 哲学physical 身体的；物理的plus 加policy 政策portion 部分pose 摆姿势positive 积极的；阳性的potential 潜在的；潜力practitioner 从业者precede 先于precise 精确的predict 预测predominant 主要的preliminary 初步的；初赛presume 假设previous 先前的primary 初级的；主要的prime 首要的principal 主要的；校长principle 原则prior 在先的priority 优先；重点proceed 进行process 过程；加工professional 专业的；专业人员prohibit 禁止project 工程promote 促进；促销proportion 比例prospect 前景protocol 协议；礼仪psychology 心理学publication 出版；出版物publish 出版purchase 购买pursue 追赶；追求qualitative 定性的quote 引用radical 基本的；激进的random 随机的range 范围；山脉ratio 比rational 理性的react 反应recover 恢复refine 提炼regime 政权region 地区register 登记；挂号regulate 调节reinforce 加强reject 拒绝site 地点terminate 终止relax 放松so-called 所谓的text 文本release 释放sole 唯一的；脚底；鞋底theme 主题relevant 有关的somewhat 有点theory 理论reluctance 勉强source 来源thereby 从而rely 依赖specific 具体的thesis 论文remove 移走specify 详述topic 话题require 要求sphere 球体；领域trace 痕迹research 研究stable 稳定的；马厩tradition 传统reside 居住statistic 统计的transfer 转移；换车resolve 解决；决心status 地位transform 转变resource 资源straightforward 坦率的transit 运输；过渡respond 响应strategy 战略；策略transmit 输送restore 恢复stress 压力；重音；强调transport 运输restrain 抑制structure 结构trend 趋势restrict 限制style 风格trigger 触发；扳机retain 保留submit 使屈服；提交ultimate 最终的reveal 显示subordinate 下级的；从属undergo 经受revenue 收入；税收的underlie 是⋯的基础reverse 背面；倒车subsequent 随后的undertake 从事revise 修改subsidy 补助uniform 一致的；制服revolution 革命；旋转substitute 代替者；代替unify 统一rigid 僵硬的：刻板的successor 继任unique 独一无二的role 角色sufficient 足够的utilize 利用route 路线sum 金额valid 有效的scenario 剧本；方案summary 总结vary 变化schedule 时间表supplement 补充vehicle 车辆scheme 方案survey 调查version 译文；版本scope 范围survive 幸存via 经过section 部分suspend 暂停violate 违犯sector 部门sustain 维持virtual 实际上的；虚拟的secure 安全的symbol 象征；符号visible 可见的seek 试图；寻找tape 磁带vision 视力select 选择target 靶子；目标visual 视觉的sequence 顺序task 任务volume 卷；音量；体积series 系列team 队voluntary 自愿的；志愿sex 性；性别technical 技术的welfare 福利shift 转换technique 技巧whereas 而significant 重要的technology 技术whereby 由此similar 相似的temporary 暂时的widespread 普遍的simulate 模拟tense 紧张的；时态AWL 词汇（汉英）安全的secure 暗指implicate 暗指imply 暗指的implicit 靶子target 百分之percent 摆姿势pose 扳机trigger 版本version 伴随accompany 帮助aid 包含incorporate 保留retain 保证assure 保证ensure 保证guarantee 暴露expose 背景context 背面reverse 被动的passive 比ratio 比例proportion 必然的consequent 必然的inevitable 编辑edit 编纂compile 变化vary 辩论debate 标签label 标准criteria 标准norm 表明demonstrate 表明indicate 表示denote 拨款grant 波动fluctuate 剥削exploit 补偿compensate 补充complement 补充supplement 补助subsidy 不断的constant 部ministry 部分portion 部分section 部门sector 财政finance 参加participate 参数parameter 操作manipulate 草稿draft 策略strategy 层layer 插入insert 插页insert 查阅consult 察觉perceive 产出output 产量output 产生create 产生generate 产生generation 阐明clarify 超过exceed车辆vehicle 成绩grade 成年人adult成熟mature 诚信integrity 承担assume 承认acknowledge 持续persist 持续时间duration 尺寸dimension 冲突conflict 抽象的abstract 出版publication 出版publish 出版物publication 出口export 出现emerge出现occur 初步的preliminary 初级的primary 初赛preliminary 处理dispose 触发trigger 传统tradition 创始人author 创新innovate 创造create 词首的initial磁带tape 此外furthermore 次要的minor 刺激incentive 聪明的intelligent 从而thereby 从句clause 从事undertake 从属的subordinate 从业者practitioner 促进promote 促销promote 错误error搭档partner 达到attain 大量的enormous 大批bulk 代码code 代替substitute 代替者substitute 当代的contemporary 当局authority 倒车reverse 倒塌collapse 登记register 等级grade等级制度hierarchy 抵消offset 地点site 地球globe 地区area地区region 地位status 定性的qualitative 东方orient动机motive 独特的distinct 独一无二的unique 段落paragraph 队team 对比contrast 对等equivalent 对应correspond 多样的diverse 而whereas 发行issue 发生incidence 法典code法律的legal 反应react 犯commit 范畴category 范例paradigm 范围range范围scope估计estimate 估价assess 孤立isolate 固有的inherent 挂号register 管理administer 归结于attribute 国内的civil 国内的domestic 过程process 过渡transit 海外overseas 海峡channel 函数function 行为conduct 合法的legal 合同contract 合作cooperate 核的nuclear 核心core 核心的nuclear 痕迹trace 化合物compound 化学的chemical 化学药品chemical 话题topic 怀孕conceive 环节link 环境environment 换车transfer 恢复recover 恢复restore 货币currency 获得acquire 获得attain 获得obtain 机制mechanism 积极的positive 积累accumulate 基本的fundamental 基本的radical 基础foundation 基础设施infrastructure 基金会foundation 激进的radical 即将到来的forthcoming 集合assemble 集中concentrate 集中focus 计算compute 技巧technique 技术technology 技术的technical 继任successor 加plus 加工process 加亮highlight 加强reinforce 家庭的domestic 假设assume 假设hypothesis 假设presume 间隔interval 监视monitor 兼容的compatible 检测detect 减少diminish 简短的brief 见识insight 建立establish 建立found 建立foundation 建造construct 僵硬的：刻板的rigid 讲课lecture 讲座lecture 交流communicate 焦点focus 角度perspective 角色role 脚底sole 教instruct 阶段phase 接触contact 接近access 揭露expose 节约economy 结构structure 结果outcome 解决resolve 解释interpret 界community 金额sum 津贴benefit 紧张的tense 尽管despite 进行proceed 进行中的ongoing 进化evolve 近似的approximate 禁止prohibit 经典的classic 经过via 经济economy 经受undergo 经验的empirical方案scenario 方案scheme 方法approach 方法method 方面aspect 方针guideline 房地产estate 放弃abandon 放松relax 费fee 分布distribute 分离的discrete 分派allocate 分派assign 分析analyze 风格style 奉献devote 否定negate 否认deny 夫妇couple 符号symbol 符合conform 福利welfare 辅修专业minor 腐蚀erode 附加append 附加attach 复合词compound 复杂的complex 改编adapt 改变alter 概念concept 概念notion 感激appreciate 干预intervene 革命revolution 格式format 个人individual 给⋯提供住宿accommodate 工程project 工具implement 工作job 公民的civil 公式formula 公司的corporate 功劳credit 功能function 贡献contribute 构成comprise 构成constitute 构思conceive 购买purchase精华highlight 论文thesis 潜在的potential精力energy 逻辑logic 强加impose精确的precise 马厩stable 强烈的intense居住reside 矛盾contradict 强调emphasis举例说明illustrate 媒介medium 强调highlight巨大的enormous 媒体media 强调stress句号period 每年的annual 强制constrain拒绝reject 勉强reluctance 清晰的distinct具体的specific 面板panel 情况circumstance剧本scenario 面积area 请教consult捐献contribute 名著classic 球门goal卷volume 明确define 球体sphere决定性的crucial 明确的definite 区别discriminate决心resolve 明晰的explicit 区分differentiate军事的military 明显的apparent 趋势trend开明的liberal 明显的evident 取出extract开始commence 明显的obvious 取得achieve开始initiate 模棱两可的ambiguous 权威authority靠近approach 模拟simulate 然而nevertheless可得到的available 模式mode 然而nonetheless可见的visible 目标goal 认为assume客观的objective 目标objective 任务task恳求invoke 目标target 任意的arbitrary口译interpret 内部的internal 日记journal框架framework 内在的intrinsic 日用品commodity扩大expand 能够的capable 容量capacity来源source 能量energy 容纳accommodate 劳动labor 年级grade 入口access类似analogy 年鉴annual 山脉range类推analogy 纽带bond 上下文context礼仪protocol 浓缩concentrate 设计design理解perceive 排除exclude 社区community理论theory 抛弃abandon 涉及involve理性的rational 陪伴accompany 身体的physical立法legislate 毗连的adjacent 十年decade利益behalf 偏见bias 时间表schedule利益benefit 偏离deviate 时期period利用exploit 频道channel 时态tense利用utilize 平行的parallel 识别identify例子instance 评价assess 实际上的virtual连贯的coherent 评价evaluate 实施enforce连接link 评论comment 实体entity联邦的federal 普遍的widespread 使结合integrate联系contact 奇怪的odd 使沮丧depress联系人contact 奇数的odd 使忙碌occupy两个couple 歧视discriminate 使能够enable临时的odd 骑自行车cycle 使平等equate灵活的flexible 起草draft 使倾向incline领域area 起源derive 使倾斜incline领域domain 恰当的appropriate 使屈服submit领域sphere 迁移migrate 使容易facilitate路线route 前景prospect 使适应accommodate 伦理ethic 潜力potential 使适应adapt使适应orient 使受伤injure 使位于locate 使相等equate 使信服convince 使自动化automate 使最大化maximize 使最小化minimize 示威demonstrate 试图seek 视察inspect 视觉的visual 视力vision 是⋯的基础underlie 释放release 收入income 收入revenue 收缩contract 手册manual 首要的prime 首字母initial 授予confer 输入input 输送transmit 熟练的expert 数据data 税收revenue 顺序sequence 思想体系ideology 虽然albeit 虽然notwithstanding 随后的subsequent 随机的random 所谓的so-called 索引index 态度attitude 坦率的straightforward 特征feature 提交submit 提炼refine 体积bulk 体积volume 体力的manual 替代的alternative 替代物alternative 挑战challenge 条款clause 调查investigate 调查survey 调节regulate 调停mediate 调整adjust 贴attach 停止cease 通风draft 通信correspond 同代人contemporary 同时的concurrent 同事colleague 同样地likewise 同意consent 统计的statistic 统一unify 投稿contribute 投资invest 图案design 图表chart 图解illustrate 图像image 推断infer 歪曲distort 外部的external 完成achieve 完整integrity 网络network 为⋯献身devote 违犯violate 唯一的sole 维dimension维持maintain 维持sustain 维修maintain委任commission 委员会commission 文本text 文化culture 文件document 文件file 稳定的stable 问题issue无知的ignorant 物理的physical 戏剧drama 系列series 下定义define下级的subordinate 下降decline 下结论conclude 下倾decline先前的previous 先于precede 显示display显示reveal 现象phenomenon 限制confine 限制constrain限制restrict 相当大的considerable 相反converse 相反的contrary 相符coincide相互的mutual 相互作用interact 相似的similar 相同的identical详述specify 详述的explicit 响应respond 想法notion 项目item 象征symbol 消除eliminate 消费consume 消耗consume 校长principal协商confer 协调coordinate 协议protocol 斜坡incline 鞋底sole 谢绝decline 心理的mental 心理学psychology 欣赏appreciate 信用credit形象image 幸存survive 性sex 性别gender 性别sex 性质attribute 修订amend 修改modify 修改revise修饰modify 虚拟的virtual 旋转revolution选择option 选择select学分credit 学会academy 学院academy 学院institute寻找seek 循环cycle压力stress 研究research 研究所institute 研究院academy主要的 major 主要的predominant 主要的 primary 主要的principal 助学金 grant 专断的 arbitrary 专家 expert 专家小组 panel 专业 major 专业的 professional 专业人员 professional 转变transform 转化 convert 转换 shift 转移 transfer 装备 equip 装配assemble 装置 device 装置 mechanism 追赶 pursue 追求 pursue 准确的 accurate 咨询 consult 资金 fund 资源 resource 自由的 liberal 自愿的 voluntary 综合的 comprehensive 总的 aggregate 总计 aggregate 总结 summary 总体的 overall 足够的 adequate 足够的 sufficient 组成 consist 组成部分 component 最初的 initial 最后的 eventual 最后的 final 最小的 minimal 最小值 minimum 最终的ultimate 遵守 conform 作者 author演变 evolve 演示 demonstrate 演绎 deduce 阳性的 positive 要求require 页边 margin 一代 generation 一致的 uniform 医学的 medical 依赖 rely 移民 immigrate 移置 displace 移走 remove 抑制 inhibit 抑制 restrain 译文 version 意识到的 aware 因此 hence 因素 factor 音量 volume 引起 induce 引用 cite 引用 quote 影响 affect 影响 impact 拥护 advocate 拥护者 advocate 优先 priority 由此 whereby 有点 somewhat 有关的 relevant 有活力的 dynamic 有能力的 capable 有限的 finite 有效的 valid 有益 benefit 预测 predict 预料 anticipate 域 domain 遇到 encounter 元素 element 原则 principle 援助 assist 运输 transit 运输 transport 杂志journal暂停 suspend 增强 enhance 摘录 extract 摘要 abstract 债券 bond 展览 display 展览 exhibit 占领 occupy 战略 strategy 章 chapter 找到 locate 召集 convene 哲学 philosophy 争议 controversy 征收 impose 征收 levy 整的 integral 整体的 integral 正常的 normal 证明 justify 证实 confirm 政策 policy 政权 regime 支配 dominate 执行 implement 执照 license 指标 index 指挥 conduct 指示 instruct志愿的 voluntary 制服 uniform致谢 acknowledge 中等的 medium 中级的 intermediate 中间的 intermediate 中立的 neutral 终止 terminate 种类 category 种族的 ethnic 重点 priority 重叠 overlap重要的 significant 重音 stress 主题 theme在先的 prior 暂时的 temporary。
essay常用academic词汇
【essay】常用academic词汇1.增补(Addition)in addition另外, furthermore此外, again, also, besides, moreover此外, similarly, finally 最后2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise同样地, similarly, equally, in comparison比较起来, just as同样地3.对照(Contrast)whereas然而, in contrast与此相反, on the other hand, instead同样, however然而, nevertheless然而, unlike, even though即使, on the contrary, while4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most imprtant6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary9.推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise10.时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of11.启承转合1)、启A proverb says...... At present.......As the proverb says.... Currently.....Generally speaking, .... Now,....In general, ..... On the Whole....It is clear that.... Recently.....It is often said that.... Without doubt, .......2)、承First(of all), ...... Moreover, .........Firstly, ............ No one can deny that....In the first place, .........To begin with, ......... Of course, .........Also, ....... Similarly,.........At the same time...... Therefore, we should realize that.....Certainly...... There is no doubt that.......In addition,..... What`s more, ..........In fact........ It can be easily proved that...Meanwhile......3)、转But... Still, ......But the problem is not so simple...There is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to....... However,....... To our surprise,..........Nevertheless, ........ Unfortunately.......On the other hand, .......Yet difference will be found and that is why I feel that........Others may find this to be true, but I do not. I think.....4)、合Above all, In brief, ........Accordingly, ..... In conclusion, ........All in all, .......In other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........As a consequence, ......... In short, .........As I have shown/said/stated/.... In sum, ........In summary, ....... As has been noted, ....Obviously, ......... By so doing, .....On the whole, ..... Consequently, ........Presumably, ....... Eventually, .........To conclude, ...... Finally, ........To sum up, ..... In a word, ......To summarize, ......1.individuals,characters替换(people ,persons)2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising(有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3。
【全部原创】雅思词汇-AWL词汇表
练习
【evident VS evidence】
The problems have beeevnid_e_n_t_____for some time. You need to find someveid__e_n_c_e_____. The broken window isetvhidee_n_c_e______there was a
现
【用】想到
occur
这个主意是他在梦中想到的。
The idea occurred to him in a dream.
occur在雅思写作中
【用】存在
水果自然含有糖分。 Fruit naturally has sugar. Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
significant
【音】 [siɡˈnifikənt] 【义】 adj.重要的, 有重大意义的, 可观的
【形】significance
【用】
significant
有重大意义的发现 Байду номын сангаас a highly significant discovery
individual
【音】 [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] 【义】 adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的 n.个人
【形】individualism
【用】
individual
They wait for the group to decide instead of making individual decisions.
IELTS AWL词汇
单词的音 / 义 / 形 / 用
英语常用学术词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570 个词目(headwords) ，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
其中斜体字，analysis ，在学术英语中最为常见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyse economy legisanalysed economicanalyser economicalanalysers economicallyanalyses economicsanalysing economiesanalysis economistanalyst economistsanalysts uneconomicalanalytic environment majoranalytical environmentalanalytically environmentalistanalyze environmentalists methoanalyzed environmentallyanalyzes environmentsanalyzing establishapproach disestablishapproachable disestablishedapproached disestablishes occurapproaches disestablishingapproaching disestablishmentunapproachable establishedarea establishesareas establishingassess establishmentassessable establishmentsassessed estimateassesses estimatedassessing estimates perceassessment estimatingassessments reassess reassessed reassessing reassessment unassessed estimationestimations over-estimateoverestimate overestimated overestimatesperioassume overestimatingassumed underestimate policassumes underestimatedassuming underestimates princassumption underestimatingassumptions evidentauthority evidencedauthoritative evidence proceauthorities evidentialavailable evidentlyavailability exportunavailable exportedbenefit exporterbeneficial exportersbeneficiary exportingbeneficiaries exports procebenefited factorbenefiting factoredbenefits factoringconcept factors requiconception financeconcepts financedconceptual financesconceptualisation financialconceptualise financiallyconceptualised financier reseaconceptualises financiersconceptualising financingconceptually formulaconsist formulaeconsisted formulasconsistency formulate respoconsistent formulatedconsistently formulatingconsisting formulationconsists formulationsinconsistencies reformulateinconsistency reformulatedinconsistent reformulatingconstitute reformulationconstituencies reformulationsconstituency functionconstituent functional roleconstituents functionallyconstituted functioned secticonstitutes functioningconstituting functionsconstitution identifyconstitutions identifiable sectoconstitutional identificationconstitutionally identified signiconstitutive identifiesunconstitutional identifyingcontext identitiescontexts identitycontextual unidentifiablecontextualise incomecontextualised incomescontextualising indicateuncontextualised indicated similcontextualize indicatescontextualized indicatingcontextualizing indicationuncontextualized indicationscontract indicative sourccontracted indicatorcontracting indicatorscontractor individualcontractors individualised specicontracts individualitycreate individualismcreated individualistcreates individualistscreating individualisticcreation individually struccreations individualscreative interpretcreatively interpretationcreativity interpretationscreator interpretativecreators interpretedrecreate interpretingrecreated interpretiverecreates interpretsrecreating misinterpretdata misinterpretation theor define misinterpretationsdefinable misinterpreteddefined misinterpretingdefines misinterpretsdefining reinterpretdefinition reinterpreted varydefinitions reinterpretsredefine reinterpretingredefined reinterpretationredefines reinterpretationsredefining involveundefined involvedderive involvementderivation involvesderivations involvingderivative uninvolvedderivatives issuederived issuedderives issuesderiving issuingdistribute labourdistributed labordistributing laboreddistribution laborsdistributional laboureddistributions labouringdistributive laboursdistributor legaldistributors illegalredistribute illegalityredistributed illegallyredistributes legalityredistributing legallyredistributionSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachievable distinctionachieved distinctionsachievement distinctiveachievements distinctivelyachieves distinctlyachieving indistinctacquire indistinctlyacquired element perceacquires elementsacquiring equateacquisition equatedacquisitions equatesadministrate equatingadministrates equation positadministration equationsadministrations evaluate potenadministrative evaluatedadministratively evaluates previadministrator evaluatingadministrators evaluation prima affect evaluationsaffected evaluative purchaffecting re-evaluateaffective re-evaluatedaffectively re-evaluatesaffects re-evaluatingunaffected re-evaluationappropriate feature rangeappropriacy featuredappropriately featuresappropriateness featuringinappropriacy final regioinappropriate finaliseinappropriately finalisedaspect finalisesaspects finalising regul assist finalizeassistance finalizedassistant finalizesassistants finalizingassisted finalityassisting finallyassists finalsunassisted focuscategory focusedcategories focusescategorisation focusingcategorise focussedcategorised focussingcategorises refocus relevcategorising refocusedcategorization refocusescategorized refocusingcategorizes refocussed residcategorizing refocusseschapter refocussingchapters impactcommission impactedcommissioned impactingcommissioner impactscommissioners injurecommissioning injured resoucommissions injurescommunity injuriescommunities injuringcomplex injurycomplexities uninjuredcomplexity institutecompute instituted restrcomputation institutescomputational institutingcomputations institutioncomputable institutionalcomputer institutionalisecomputed institutionalisedcomputerised institutionalisescomputers institutionalisingcomputing institutionalizedconclude institutionalizes securconcluded institutionalizingconcludes institutionallyconcluding institutionsconclusion investconclusions investedconclusive investingconclusively investmentinconclusive investmentsinconclusively investorconduct investors seekconducted investsconducting reinvestconducts reinvestedconsequent reinvesting selecconsequence reinvestmentconsequences reinvestsconsequently itemconstruct itemisationconstructed itemiseconstructing itemisedconstruction itemisesconstructions itemisingconstructive itemsconstructs journal sitereconstruct journalsreconstructed maintain stratreconstructing maintainedreconstruction maintainingreconstructs maintainsconsume maintenanceconsumed normalconsumer abnormal surveconsumers abnormallyconsumes normalisationconsuming normaliseconsumption normalised text credit normalisescredited normalisingcrediting normalization tradicreditor normalizecreditors normalizedcredits normalizesculture normalizingcultural normalityculturally normally transcultured obtaincultures obtainableuncultured obtaineddesign obtainingdesigned obtainsdesigner unobtainabledesignersdesigningdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativecircumstance commentcompensatecomponent consentconsiderable constantconstrainemphasisalternatively emphasise alternatives emphasisedemphasising circumstances emphasizeemphasized commentaries emphasizes commentary emphasizing commentator emphatic commentators emphatically commented ensurecommenting ensured comments ensuresensuring compensated excludecompensates excluded compensating excludes compensation excluding compensations exclusion compensatory exclusionaryexclusionist componentry exclusions components exclusiveexclusively consensus frameworkconsented frameworks consenting fundconsents fundedfunder considerablyfunders funding constancy funds constantly illustrateconstants illustrated inconstancy illustrates inconstantly illustratingillustration constrained illustrations constraining illustrativecontribute convene coordinatecore corporate correspond constrains immigrateconstraint immigrant constraints immigrants unconstrained immigratedimmigrates contributed immigrating contributes immigration contributing implycontribution implied contributions implies contributor implying contributors initialinitially convention instanceconvenes instances convened interactconvening interacted conventional interacting conventionally interaction conventions interactions unconventional interactiveinteractively coordinated interacts coordinates justifycoordinating justifiable coordination justifiably coordinator justification coordinators justifications co-ordinate justifiedco-ordinated justifiesco-ordinates justifyingco-ordinating unjustified co-ordination layerco-ordinator layeredco-ordinators layeringlayers cores linkcoring linkage cored linkageslinked corporates linking corporation links corporations locatelocatedcriteria deducedemonstratedocument dominate corresponded locating correspondence location corresponding locations correspondingly relocate correspondsrelocated relocates criterion relocatingrelocation deduced maximisededuces max deducing maximised deduction maximises deductions maximisingmaximisation demonstrable maximize demonstrably maximized demonstrated maximizes demonstrates maximizing demonstrating maximization demonstration maximum demonstrations minordemonstrative minorities demonstratively minority demonstrator minors demonstrators negatenegative documentation negated documented negates documenting negating documents negativelynegatives dominance outcomedominant outcomes dominated partnerdominates partners dominating partnership domination partnershipsSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessed accesses errorerroneouserroneouslyparallelaccessibility errorsaccessible ethnicaccessing ethnicityinaccessible goal parameter adequate goalsadequacy grant phaseadequately grantedinadequacies grantinginadequacy grantsinadequate hence predictinadequately hypothesisannual hypothesesannually hypothesiseapparent hypothesisedapparently hypothesisesapproximate hypothesisingapproximated hypothesizeapproximately hypothesizedapproximates hypothesizesapproximating hypothesizingapproximation hypothetical principalapproximations hypotheticallyattitude implement priorattitudes implementation professio attribute implementedattributable implementingattributed implementsattributes implicate projectattributing implicatedattribution implicatescivil implicatingcode implicationcoded implicationscodes impose promotecoding imposedcommit imposescommitment imposingcommitments impositioncommits integratecommitted integratedcommitting integratescommunicate integrating regimecommunicable integrationcommunicated internal resolvecommunicates internalisecommunicating internalisedcommunication internalisescommunications internalisingcommunicative internalizecommunicatively internalized retainuncommunicative internalizesconcentrate internalizingconcentrated internallyconcentrates investigateconcentrating investigatedconcentration investigatesconfer investigatingconference investigation seriesconferences investigations statisticconferred investigativeconferring investigatorconfers investigatorscontrast jobcontrasted jobscontrasting label statuscontrastive labeled stresscontrasts labelingcycle labelledcycled labellingcycles labelscyclic mechanismcyclical mechanisms subsequencycling obviousdebate obviously sumdebatable occupydebated occupancydebates occupantdebating occupantsdespite occupation summary dimension occupationaldimensional occupationsdimensions occupieddomestic emerge multidimensionaldomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomesticsemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingSublist 5 of the Academic Word List academyadjustalter optionoutputoveralloptionaloptionsoutputsundertakeexpandacademia expanded academic expanding academically expands academics expansion academiesexpansionismexpansive adjusted exposeadjusting exposed adjustment exposes adjustments exposing adjusts exposure readjust exposures readjusted externalreadjusting externalisation readjustment externalise readjustments externalised readjusts externalisesexternalising alterable externality alteration externalization alterations externalize altered externalized altering externalizes alternate externalizingalternating externallyalters facilitateunalterable facilitatedunaltered facilitates amend facilitiesamended facilitatingamending facilitationamendment facilitatoramendments facilitatorsamends facilityaware fundamentalawareness fundamentallyunaware generatecapacity generatedcapacities generatesincapacitate generatingincapacitated generationchallenge generationschallenged imagechallenger imagerychallengers imageschallenges liberalchallenging liberalise clause liberalismclauses liberalisation compound liberalisedcompounded liberalisescompounding liberalisingcompounds liberalization conflict liberalizeconflicted liberalizedconflicting liberalizesconflicts liberalizing consult liberateconsultancy liberatedconsultant liberatesconsultants liberationconsultation liberationsconsultations liberatingconsultative liberatorconsulted liberatorsconsults liberallyconsulting liberalscontactable licencescontacted licensecontacting licensedcontacts licensing decline licensesdeclined unlicenseddeclines logicdeclining illogical discrete illogicallydiscretely logicaldiscretion logicallydiscretionary logicianindiscrete logiciansindiscretion margindraft marginaldrafted marginallydrafting marginsdrafts medicalredraft medicallyredrafted mentalredrafting mentalityredrafts mentally enable modifyenabled modificationenables modificationsenabling modified energy modifiesenergetic modifyingenergetically unmodifiedenergies monitorenforce monitoredenforced monitoringenforcement monitorsenforces unmonitoredenforcing networkentity networkedentities networking equivalent networksequivalence notionevolve notionsevolution objectiveevolved objectivelyevolving objectivityevolvesevolutionary evolutionist evolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstract enhance neutralabstraction enhancedabstractions enhancementabstractly enhancesabstracts enhancingaccurate estateaccuracy estatesaccurately exceedinaccuracy exceededinaccuracies exceedinginaccurate exceedsacknowledge expertacknowledged expertise nevertheacknowledges expertly overseasacknowledging experts precedeacknowledgement explicitacknowledgements explicitlyaggregate federalaggregated federationaggregates federationsaggregating feeaggregation fees presume allocate flexibleallocated flexibilityallocates inflexibleallocating inflexibilityallocation furthermoreallocations genderassign gendersassigned ignorant rationalassigning ignoranceassignment ignoreassignments ignoredassigns ignoresreassign ignoringreassigned incentivereassigning incentivesreassigns unassigned incidenceincidentattach incidentallyattached incidentsattaches incorporateattaching incorporatedattachment incorporatesattachments incorporatingunattached incorporation recover author indexauthored indexedauthoring indexesauthors indexingauthorship inhibitbond inhibited revealbonded inhibitingbonding inhibitionbonds inhibitionsbrief inhibitsbrevity initiatebriefed initiated scopebriefing initiates subsidybriefly initiatingbriefs initiationcapable initiationscapabilities initiativecapability initiativesincapable initiatorcite initiatorscitation inputcitations inputscited instructciting instruction tapecites instructedcooperate instructingcooperated instructionscooperates instructive tracecooperating instructorcooperation instructorscooperative instructscooperatively intelligentco-operate intelligence transforco-operated intelligentlyco-operates unintelligentco-operation intervalco-operative intervals co-operatively lecturediscriminate lectureddiscriminated lecturerdiscriminates lecturersdiscriminating lecturesdiscrimination lecturing display migratedisplayed migrantdisplaying migrantsdisplays migrated diverse migratesdiversely migratingdiversification migrationdiversified migrationsdiversifies migratorydiversify minimumdiversifying ministrydiversity ministered domain ministeringdomains ministerial edit ministriesedited motiveediting motivateedition motivatededitions motivateseditor motivatingeditorial motivationeditorials motivationseditors motivesedits unmotivated transpor underlie utiliseSublist 7 of the Academic Word Listadapt equip prohibitadaptability equipmentadaptable equippedadaptation equippingadaptations equipsadapted extractadapting extractedadaptive extracting publicatadapts extractionadult extracts quoteadulthood fileadults filedadvocate filesadvocacy filingadvocated finiteadvocates infinite releaseadvocating infinitelyaid foundationaided foundationsaiding globe reverseaids globalunaided globallychannel globalisationchannelled globalizationchannelling gradechannels gradedchemical gradeschemically grading simulatechemicals guaranteeclassic guaranteedclassical guaranteeingclassics guarantees comprehensive hierarchy solecomprehensively hierarchicalcomprise hierarchies somewhacomprised identical submitcomprises identicallycomprising ideologyconfirm ideologicalconfirmation ideologicallyconfirmed ideologiesconfirming infer successoconfirms inferencecontrary inferencescontrarily inferredconvert inferringconversion infersconversions innovate surviveconverted innovationconvertible innovatedconverting innovatesconverts innovatingcouplecoupled coupling couples innovationsinnovativeinnovatorinnovators thesisdecade insert topicdecades inserteddefinite insertingdefinitely insertion transmitdefinitive insertsindefinite interveneindefinitely interveneddeny intervenesdeniable interveningdenial intervention ultimatedenials interventionsdenied isolate uniquedenies isolateddenying isolatesundeniable isolating visible differentiate isolationdifferentiated isolationismdifferentiates mediadifferentiating modedifferentiation modes voluntar dispose paradigmdisposable paradigmsdisposal phenomenondisposed phenomenadisposes phenomenaldisposing prioritydynamic prioritiesdynamically prioritisationdynamics prioritiseeliminate prioritisedeliminated prioritiseseliminates prioritisingeliminating prioritizationelimination prioritizeempirical prioritizedempirically prioritizesempiricism prioritizingSublist 8 of the Academic Word Listabandoned detectableabandoning detectedabandonment detectingabandons detectionaccompany detectiveaccompanied detectivesaccompanies detectoraccompaniment detectors nucleaaccompanying detects offsetunaccompanied deviateaccumulate deviatedaccumulated deviates paragraccumulating deviatingaccumulation deviationaccumulates deviations plus ambiguous displaceambiguities displaced practiambiguity displacementunambiguous displaces predomunambiguously displacingappend dramaappendix dramasappended dramaticappends dramaticallyappending dramatiseappendices dramatised prospeappendixes dramatisingappreciate dramatisesappreciable dramatisation radicaappreciably dramatisationsappreciated dramatistappreciates dramatists randomappreciating dramatizationappreciation dramatizationsunappreciated dramatize reinfo arbitrary dramatizedarbitrariness dramatizesarbitrarily dramatizingautomate eventualautomatic eventualityautomated eventually restorautomates exhibitautomating exhibitedautomatically exhibitingautomation exhibitionbias exhibitions revisebiased exhibitsbiases exploitbiasing exploitationunbiased exploitedchart exploitingcharted exploits scheducharting fluctuatecharts fluctuateduncharted fluctuatesclarify fluctuatingclarification fluctuationclarified fluctuationsclarifies guidelineclarifying guidelinesclarity highlight tense commodity highlightedcommodities highlightingcomplement highlightscomplementary implicitcomplemented implicitlycomplementing induce termincomplements inducedconform inducesconformable inducingconformability inductionconformance inevitableconformation inevitabilityconformed inevitablyconforming infrastructure themeconformist infrastructuresconformists inspectconformity inspectedconforms inspecting therebnonconformist inspection unifornonconformists inspectionsnonconformity inspectornon-conformist inspectors vehiclnon-conformists inspectsnon-conformity intense via contemporary intensely virtuacontemporaries intensenesscontradictcontradicted contradictingintensificationintensified intensifiesvisualcontradiction intensifycontradictions intensifyingcontradictory intensioncontradicts intensitycrucial intensivecrucially intensivelycurrency manipulatecurrencies manipulated widesp denote manipulatesdenotation manipulatingdenotations manipulationdenoted manipulationsdenotes manipulativedenotingSublist 9 of the Academic Word Listaccommodate diminish preliminaccommodated diminishedaccommodates diminishes protocolaccommodating diminishingaccommodation diminution qualitat analogy undiminishedanalogies distort refineanalogous distortedanticipate distortinganticipated distortionanticipates distortionsanticipating distortsanticipation duration relaxunanticipated erodeassure erodedassurance erodesassurances erodingassured erosion restrainassuredly ethicassures ethicalassuring ethicallyattain ethicsattainable unethicalattained formatattaining formatted revolutiattainment formattingattainments formatsattains foundunattainable foundedbehalf founderbulk foundersbulky foundingcease unfoundedceased inherentceaseless inherentlyceases insightceasing insightfulcoherent insightscoherence integral rigidcoherently intermediateincoherent manualincoherently manuallycoincide manuals routecoincided maturecoincides immaturecoinciding immaturitycoincidence maturation scenariocoincidences maturationalcoincident matured spherecoincidental maturescommence maturingcommenced maturitycommences mediate subordincommencement mediatedcommencing mediatesrecommences mediating supplemerecommenced mediationrecommencing mediumcompatible militarycompatibility minimalincompatibility minimalisation suspendincompatible minimaliseconcurrent minimalisesconcurrently minimalisedconfine minimalisingconfined minimalist teamconfines minimalistsSublist 10 of the Academic Word Listadjacentdepressongoingalbeitdepressed panelassembledepressesassembleddepressingassemblesdepressionassemblies encounterpersistassemblingencounteredassemblyencounteringcollapseencounterscollapsed enormouscollapsesenormitycollapsibleenormouslycollapsingforthcomingposecolleagueinclinecolleaguesinclinationcompileinclinationscompilationinclinedreluctanceconfining unconfinedcontroversycontroversies controversial controversially uncontroversialconverseconverselymutual devicedevicesnorm devotedevoted devotedlydevotesoverlapdevoting devotion devotionspassiveportionminimalistic minimalization minimalize minimalized minimalizes minimalizing minimally temporar triggermutuallyunifynormsoverlapped overlapping overlapsviolatepassively passivityportions visioncompilations inclinescompiled incliningcompiles integrity so calledcompiling intrinsic straightforward conceive intrinsically undergoconceivable invokeconceivably invokedconceived invokesconceives invokingconceiving levy wherebyinconceivable leviesinconceivably likewiseconvince nonethelessconvinced notwithstandingconvinces oddconvincing oddsconvincingly unconvinced。
AWL英语学术词汇表
实用文档《英语常用学术词汇表》《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word List, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Well ington, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表，它包含了学术英语(English for Ac ademic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。
《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类)，除了第10小类包含30个词目外，其他小类均含有60个词目。
Sublist 1（第1类）包含的词汇最常用，sublist 2（第2类）中的词汇使用频率稍低，其他的sublist3 依次类推。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessing economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimateslegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercent实用文档assessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatepercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingresponds实用文档inconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsreformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurally实用文档recreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingredistributioninterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word List实用文档achieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassists distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusive focusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiesinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainablesecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersdesigningdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrained emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatereactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencing实用文档correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationlocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipssequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvol实用文档Sublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescoding commitcommitmentcommitments errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotes实用文档commitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensions integrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedpromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternate expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstituted实用文档contactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolveslicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocationsassignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigning enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operates incidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformations。
IELTS academic-word-list雅思词汇必备
source sourced sources sourcing
specific specifically specification specifications specificity specifics
1
contextualize contextualized contextualizing uncontextualized contract contracted contracting contractor contractors contracts create created creates creating creation creations creative creatively creativity creator creators recreate recreated recreates recreating data define definable defined defines defining definition definitions redefine redefined redefines redefining undefined derive derivation derivations derivative derivatives derived derives
majorities majority method methodical methodological methodologies methodology methods occur occurred occurrence occurrences occurring occurs reoccur reoccurred reoccurring reoccurs percent percentage percentages period periodic periodical periodically periodicals periods policy policies principle principled principles unprincipled proceed procedural procedure procedures proceeded proceeding proceedings proceeds process processed processes processing
英语论文常用学术英语单词.
Most Frequent Words of the Academic Word List by SublistSublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.analysis approacharea assessment assume authority available benefit concept consistent constitutional context contractcreatedata definition derived distribution economic environment established estimate evidence exportfactors financial formula function identified income indicate individual interpretation involvedissues labourlegal legislation majormethodoccurpercentperiodpolicyprinciple procedure process required research responserolesectionsector significant similarsourcespecific structuretheory variablesSublist 2 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus.achieve acquisitionadministration affectappropriate aspectsassistance categorieschapter commission community complexcomputer conclusionconduct consequences construction consumercreditculturaldesigndistinction elementsequation evaluation featuresfinalfocusimpactinjuryinstitute investmentitemsjournal maintenance normalobtained participation perceived positivepotential previous primary purchaserange region regulations relevant resident resources restricted security sought selectsite strategies surveytexttraditional transferSublist 3 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.alternativecircumstances comments compensation componentsconsent considerable constantconstraintscontribution convention coordinationcorecorporate correspondingcriteriadeduction demonstrate document dominant emphasisensureexcludedframeworkfunds illustrated immigrationimpliesinitialinstanceinteraction justificationlayerlinklocationmaximumminoritiesnegativeoutcomes partnershipphilosophy physicalproportion publishedreaction registeredreliance removed scheme sequencesexshiftspecified sufficienttasktechnical techniques technology validityvolumeSublist 4 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.accessadequateannualapparent approximated attitudesattributedcivilcodecommitment communication concentration conferencecontrastcycledebatedespite dimensions domesticemergederrorethnicgoalsgrantedhencehypothesis implementation implicationsimposedintegrationinternalinvestigationjoblabelmechanismobviousoccupationaloptionoutput overall parallel parameters phase predicted principal prior professional project promote regime resolution retained series statistics status stress subsequent sum summary undertakenSublist 5 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesacademic adjustment alter amendment aware capacity challenge clause compounds conflict consultation contact decline discretion draftenable energy enforcement entities equivalent evolution expansion exposure external facilitate fundamental generated generation image liberal licencelogic marginal medical mental modified monitoring network notion objective orientation perspective precise prime psychology pursue ratio rejected revenue stability styles substitution sustainable symbolic target transition trend version welfare whereasSublist 6 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesabstract accurate acknowledged aggregate allocation assigned attached authorbondbriefcapablecited cooperative discrimination display diversity domain edition enhanced estate exceed expert explicit federalfees flexibility furthermore gender ignored incentive incidence incorporated index inhibition initiatives input instructions intelligence interval lecture migration minimum ministry motivation neutral nevertheless overseas preceding presumption rational recovery revealed scope subsidiary tapestrace transformation transport underlying utilitySublist 7 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesadaptation adults advocateaidchannel chemical classical comprehensive comprise confirmed contrary converted couple decades definitedeny differentiation disposal dynamic eliminate empirical equipment extractfilefinite foundation globalgrade guarantee hierarchical identical ideology inferred innovation insert intervention isolatedmediamode paradigm phenomenon priority prohibited publication quotation release reverse simulation solely somewhat submitted successive survive thesistopic transmission ultimately unique visible voluntarySublist 8 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesabandon accompanied accumulation ambiguous appendix appreciation arbitrary automatically biaschartclarity conformity commodity complement contemporary contradiction crucial currency denote detected deviation displacement dramatic eventually exhibit exploitation fluctuations guidelines highlighted implicit induced inevitably infrastructure inspection intensity manipulation minimised nuclearoffset paragraph plus practitioners predominantly prospect radical random reinforced restore revision schedule tension termination theme thereby uniform vehicleviavirtually widespread visualSublist 9 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesaccommodation analogous anticipated assuranceattainedbehalfbulkceasescoherencecoincide commenced incompatible concurrent confined controversy converselydevicedevoted diminished distorted/distortion - equal figures durationerosionethicalformatfoundedinherentinsightsintegral intermediate manualmaturemediationmediummilitaryminimalmutualnormsoverlappassiveportionpreliminary protocol qualitative refinerelaxed restraints revolutionrigidroute scenario sphere subordinate supplementary suspended team temporary triggerunified violationvisionSublist 10 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families This sublist contains the least frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.adjacentalbeitassemblycollapsecolleaguescompiledconceivedconvinceddepressionencounteredenormousforthcominginclinationintegrityintrinsicinvokedlevylikewisenonethelessnotwithstandingoddongoingpanelpersistentposedreluctantso-calledstraightforwardundergowhereby。
英语学术论文常用词汇
Academic Word ListSublist1analyze[ˈænəlaiz]vt.〈美〉分析,分解,解释constitute[ˈkɔnstitju:t]vt.构成,组成建立,制定选定,任命establish[isˈtæbliʃ]vt.建立,成立安置确定,证实indicate[ˈindikeit]vt.标示,指示,指出象征;表明或暗示…的可能性occur[əˈkə:]vi.发生;举行;存在被发现;想到[起]role[rəul]n.作用,职责角色approach[əˈprəutʃ]n.靠近,接近,临近通路,入口,途径方式,方法vt.接洽,交涉;着手处理vt.&vi.接近,走近,靠近context[ˈkɔntekst]n.背景,环境上下文,语境estimate[ˈestimeit]n.估计,估价报价判断vt.&vi.估计;评价,评估individual[ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl]adj.个别的,单独的,个人的独特的n.个人人percent[pəˈsent]n.百分比,百分数section[ˈsekʃən]n.章节部分部门,科截面,剖面地区,区area[ˈɛəriə]n.面积区域,地区领域,方面contract[kənˈtrækt]n.契约,合同vt.缔结;订契约vt.&vi.染上(恶习,疾病等)缩小;紧缩evident[ˈevidənt]adj.明显的,明白的interpret[inˈtə:prit]vt.解释;说明vt.&vi.口译;翻译period[ˈpiəriəd]n.(一段)时间时期,时代学时,课时句号,句点sector[ˈsektə]n.部门;领域防御地区,防卫区域扇形,扇形面assess[əˈses]vt.估价,估计评定,核定create[kriˈeit]vt.创造,创作,创建引起,产生export[eksˈpɔ:t]n.输出,出口输出[出口]物vt.&vi.出口,输出involve[inˈvɔlv]vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果;需要使参与,牵涉policy[ˈpɔləsi]n.政策,方针策略,精明的行为,上策保险单significant[siɡˈnifikənt]adj.重要的,重大的,可观的有意义的,有用意的意味深长的assume[əˈsju:m]vt.假设,臆断,猜想假装承担,担任,就职呈现,采取data[ˈdeitə]n.资料,材料factor[ˈfæktə]n.因素,要素〈数〉因子,因数issue[ˈisju:]n.问题,议题;争论点发行物放出,流出;发出,发行〈正〉结果,结局vi.冒出,流出;传出vt.出版,发行发表,发布分配,发给principle[ˈprinsəpl]n.原则,原理准则,规范操守,道义工作原理similar[ˈsimilə]adj.类似的;同类的;相似的;同样的authority[ɔ:ˈθɔriti]n.权力,职权官方,当局权威,专家define[diˈfain]vt.精确地解释;界定规定,确定finance[faiˈnæns]n.财政,金融财源,资金,财务情况vt.为…供给资金,从事金融活动labour[ˈleibə]n.劳动,努力;工作劳工,工人分娩,(分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动;努力艰难行进proceed[prəˈsi:d]vi.前进;行进进行;继续下去source[sɔ:s]n.河流的源头,发源地来源,出处原因提供资料者,资料来源available[əˈveiləbl]adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的,可与之交谈的derive[diˈraiv]vt.&vi.得到源于formula[ˈfɔ:mjulə]n.准则,原则公式,方程式配方legal[ˈli:ɡəl]adj.法律上的;合法的;法定的process[ˈprəuses]n.过程,进程工序,制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工;处理specific[spiˈsifik]adj.明确的,确切的,详尽的具体的,特有的,特定的仅限于…的;只发现于…的n.特效药具体方面,细节benefit[ˈbenifit]n.益处,好处救济金,保险金vt.&vi.有益于,得益distribute[disˈtribju:t]vt.分配,分给散发;散播;分布function[ˈfʌŋkʃən]n.功能;作用;职责函数;与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会vi.工作,运行,起作用legislate[ˈledʒisleit]vt.&vi.立法;制定法律require[riˈkwaiə]vt.有赖于…;需要命令,指示要求,规定想要structure[ˈstrʌktʃə]n.结构,构造有结构的事物;复杂的整体;建筑物vt.组织;安排;构造;制定concept[ˈkɔnsept]n.概念;观念;想法economy[iˈkɔnəmi]n.节约,节省经济体制,经济状况identify[aiˈdentifai]vt.认出,识别支持,同情vt.&vi.等同于;有关联major[ˈmeidʒə]adj.较大的;主要的;严重的n.少校专业;主修科目vi.〈美〉主修,专攻research[riˈsə:tʃ]n.研究;探讨vi.做研究,探究,研究,探讨vt.从事…的研究,为…而做研究theory[ˈθiəri]n.学说理论,原理意见,看法consist[kənˈsist]vi.组成,构成在于,存在于environment[inˈvaiərənmənt]n.环境,周围状况,自然环境income[ˈinkəm]n.收入,所得,收益method[ˈmeθəd]n.方法,办法秩序,条理respond[riˈspɔnd]vi.有反应;有效果;有影响vt.&vi.回答;回报;响应vary[ˈvɛəri]vi.呈现不同vt.&vi.(使)变化,改变Sublist2achieve[əˈtʃi:v]vt.取得,获得实现,达到,完成community[kəˈmju:niti]n.社区,社会,团体大众,公众共有,共享design[diˈzain]n.图样,设计图设计,布局目的,打算vt.计划,筹划vt.&vi.设计,绘制institute[ˈinstitju:t]n.协会,学会;学院,研究院vt.建立,制定;开始,着手potential[pəˈtenʃəl]adj.潜在的,有可能的n.潜力,潜势,可能性restrict[risˈtrikt]vt.限制;约束acquire[əˈkwaiə]vt.获得,得到,养成complex[ˈkɔmpleks]adj.由许多部分组成的,复合的复杂的,难懂的n.综合体,集合体〈心〉情结,夸大的情绪反应distinct[disˈtiŋkt]adj.截然不同的,完全分开的清晰的,明白的,明显的invest[inˈvest]vt.授予vt.&vi.投资;花费previous[ˈpri:viəs]adj.先前的,以前的过早的,过急的secure[siˈkjuə]adj.牢固的;可靠的有把握的;确切的vt.握紧;关牢使安全(使)获得;把…弄到手administer[ədˈministə]vt.管理,支配给予执行,实施compute[kəmˈpju:t]vt.计算,估算element[ˈelimənt]n.(化学)元素成分,要素,原件一伙人基础,纲要,原理item[ˈaitəm]n.一项,一件,一条;项目primary[ˈpraiməri]adj.首要的;主要的;基本的最初的;初级的seek[si:k]vi.企图;试图vt.请求,征求;求教vt.&vi.寻找;探寻affect[əˈfekt]vt.影响感动假装conclude[kənˈklu:d]vt.得出结论;断定决定vt.&vi.结束equate[iˈkweit]vt.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿journal[ˈdʒə:nl]n.杂志,期刊日志,日记purchase[ˈpə:tʃəs]n.购买,购置买到的东西vt.购买select[siˈlekt]adj.精选的,挑选出来的限制性的,选择严格的vt.选择;挑选appropriate[əˈprəupriit]adj.适当的,恰当的vt.挪用;占用;盗用拨出(款项)conduct[kənˈdʌkt]n.举止,行为管理(方式),实施(方式)vt.&vi.引导,带领,担任指挥控制,管理传导evaluate[iˈvæljueit]vt.评价,估计,估价maintain[meinˈtein]vt.保持;继续保养,维护坚持;主张供给;赡养range[reindʒ]n.一系列变化幅度,范围射程,距离(山)脉vi.变化vt.排列site[sait]n.位置,场所,地点vt.使坐落在;设置aspect[ˈæspekt]n.方面方位,朝向面貌,模样,神态consequent[ˈkɔnsikwənt]adj.作为结果的,随之发生的feature[ˈfi:tʃə]n.特征,特色面貌,相貌特写,专题节目(电影的)正片,故事片normal[ˈnɔ:məl]adj.正常的,平常的正规的;标准的region[ˈri:dʒən]n.地区;地带;区域;范围strategy[ˈstrætidʒi]n.战略学,兵法战略,策略策略,计谋assist[əˈsist]vt.&vi.帮助,促进construct[kənˈstrʌkt]vt.修建,建立构成,组成final[ˈfainəl]adj.最后的,最终的决定性的,确定性的n.决赛(大学的)期终考试obtain[əbˈtein]vi.通行;流行vt.获得,得到;买到regulate[ˈreɡjuleit]vt.控制,管理调整;调节survey[səˈvei]n.调查vt.眺望;纵览测量;勘察检查,鉴定通盘考虑,回顾category[ˈkætiɡəri]n.种类,类别consume[kənˈsju:m]vt.消耗,消费,耗尽大吃,大喝烧毁,毁灭focus[ˈfəukəs]n.焦点,焦距;中心vt.&vi.(使)集中,(使)聚集调整(镜头,眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清participate[pɑ:ˈtisipeit]vt.&vi.参加,参与relevant[ˈreləvənt]adj.有关的,切题的text[tekst]n.正文,本文原文,全文教科书,课本chapter[ˈtʃæptə]n.章,回,篇credit[ˈkredit]n.赊购;赊购制度存款;存款数额借款;贷款赞扬,荣誉,功劳信任,相信学分vt.相信,信任把…记入贷方,存入(账户)impact[ˈimpækt]n.影响,作用冲击(力),碰撞vt.&vi.对某事物有影响perceive[pəˈsi:v]vt.感觉,察觉,理解reside[riˈzaid]vi.居住;定居tradition[trəˈdiʃən]n.传统惯例commission[kəˈmiʃən]n.授权,委托委员会佣金,回扣vt.委任,委托culture[ˈkʌltʃə]n.文化休养,教养,精神文明养殖,培养,栽培vt.培植,培养injure[ˈindʒə]vt.伤害,损害positive[ˈpɔzitiv]adj.确实的,明确的积极的;肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的,确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的,阳性的完全的;纯粹的n.〈语〉原级形容词确实;正量,正数正片resource[riˈsɔ:s]n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智;机敏;创造精神transfer[trænsˈfə:]n.转移;转让;转录中转,换乘,改变路线vt.转让vt.&vi.转移;迁移Sublist3alternative[ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv]adj.两者择一的,供替代的不寻常的,非传统性的非正统的n.取舍,抉择,可供选择的事物选择的余地,可供选择的机会convene[kənˈvi:n]vt.&vi.召开,召集emphasis[ˈemfəsis]n.强调,重点interact[ˌɪntərˈækt]vi.相互作用[影响],互相配合philosophy[fiˈlɔsəfi]n.哲学人生哲学,人生观达观sex[seks]n.性别;性男性;女性性关系性活动,性行为circumstance[ˈsə:kəmstəns]n.环境,条件,情况境遇,经济状况coordinate[kəuˈɔ:dineit]adj.同等的,并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt.使协调;使调和ensure[inˈʃuə]vt.确保,担保担保获得[避免]justify[ˈdʒʌstifai]vt.证明…有理;为…辩护physical[ˈfizikəl]adj.身体的,肉体的物质的自然规律的,按自然法则的自然(界)的物理学的n.身体检查,体格检查shift[ʃift]n.转换,转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋,手段切换键vi.快速行进vt.&vi.改变,变换,转移,移动去掉;摆脱掉换挡comment[ˈkɔment]n.评论,意见,解释,批评vt.&vi.评论;谈论core[kɔ:]n.果核核心,精髓,要点exclude[iksˈklu:d]vt.排除;不包括在内layer[ˈleiə]n.层,层次proportion[prəˈpɔ:ʃən]n.均衡;相称,协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系;比例部分;份儿specify[ˈspesifai]vt.详述指定compensate[ˈkɔmpenseit]vt.&vi.补偿,报酬corporate[ˈkɔ:pərit]adj.社团的,法人的framework[ˈfreimwə:k]n.构架;结构link[liŋk]n.环,联系,纽带vt.&vi.连接,联系publish[ˈpʌbliʃ]vt.&vi.出版公布sufficient[səˈfiʃənt]adj.足够的;充足的component[kəmˈpəunənt]n.成分,组成部分,部件,元件correspond[ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd]vi.相符合,相一致相当,相类似通信fund[fʌnd]n.基金,专款现款;资金储备,蕴藏vt.为…提供资金,给…拨款locate[ləuˈkeit]vt.找出,指出(地点或位置)vt.&vi.(在…)设置,坐落于react[riˈækt]vi.起反应;有影响反对;对抗task[tɑ:sk]n.工作;任务;差事consent[kənˈsent]n.准许,同意,赞成vi.同意;赞成criteria[kraɪˈtɪərɪə]n.标准illustrate[ˈiləstreit]vt.给…加插图说明,阐明;表明maximise[ˈmæksimaiz]vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物) register[ˈredʒistə]n.登记(表),注册(簿)记录器暖气,调风器vt.&vi.记录;登记;注册显出注意到,记住technical[ˈteknikəl]adj.技术的;应用科学的艺术的,工艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的,使用术语的,专业的considerable[kənˈsidərəbl]adj.相当大(或多)的deduce[diˈdju:s]vt.推论,演绎immigrate[ˈimiɡreit]vi.移入minor[ˈmainə]adj.较小的,较少的,低级的,次要的n.未成年人副修科目rely[riˈlai]vi.信任;信赖;依赖,依靠technique[tekˈni:k]n.技巧,手法,技术技能constant[ˈkɔnstənt]adj.始终如一的,恒久不变的不断的,连续发生的忠实的,忠诚的demonstrate[ˈdemənstreit]vi.举行示威游行(或集会)vt.说明,演示论证,证明显示,表露imply[imˈplai]vt.暗示,暗指必然包含negate[niˈɡeit]vt.取消,使无效否定;否认remove[riˈmu:v]vi.迁移;移居vt.移走;排除开除technology[tekˈnɔlədʒi]n.科技(总称);工艺;应用科学工业技术constrain[kənˈstrein]vt.强迫,强使;限制,约束document[ˈdɔkjumənt]n.公文,文件,文献vt.证明记录,记载initial[iˈniʃəl]adj.最初的,开头的outcome[ˈautkʌm]n.结果scheme[ski:m]n.阴谋,诡计计划,方案vt.&vi.策划;图谋valid[ˈvælid]adj.正当的,有充分根据的,符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的contribute[kənˈtribjut]vi.起促成作用vt.&vi.捐献,捐助,贡献出撰稿,投稿dominate[ˈdɔmineit]vt.耸立于,俯临vt.&vi.控制,支配,统治在…中占首要地位instance[ˈinstəns]n.例子,实例partner[ˈpɑ:tnə]n.伙伴,同伙,合伙人,股东同伴,搭档配偶,情人vt.做…的搭档sequence[ˈsi:kwəns]n.有关联的一组事物,一连串先后次序,顺序,连续volume[ˈvɔlju:m]n.卷,册,书卷体积;容积,容量音量,响度Sublist4access[ˈækses]n.通道,入口接近[取得]…的方法[权利等]vt.存取(计算机文件) communicate[kəˈmju:nikeit]vi.通讯;交际,交流相连;相通vt.&vi.传达;表达error[ˈerə]n.错误过失,失误internal[inˈtə:nəl]adj.内部的国内的,内政的体内的parallel[ˈpærəlel]adj.(指至少两条线)平行的类似的;相对应的n.平行线[面]极相似的人[事物]类似(点),相似(之处)比较纬线,纬圈vt.与…平行;与…相当resolve[riˈzɔlv]vt.(指委员会或集会)表决解决(问题、疑问等)分解,解析(某物)vt.&vi.决定;决心adequate[ˈædikwit]adj.充分的,足够的适当的,胜任的concentrate[ˈkɔnsəntreit]vt.浓缩vt.&vi.专心于;注意集中,聚集ethnic[ˈeθnik]adj.种族的,部落的某文化群体的investigate[inˈvestiɡeit]vt.调查;审查parameter[pəˈræmitə]n.(限定性的)因素,特性,界限〈物〉〈数〉参量,参数retain[riˈtein]vt.保持;保留止住;容纳annual[ˈænjuəl]adj.每年的,年度的,一年一次的n.一年生植物年刊,年报,年鉴confer[kənˈfə:]vi.〈拉〉商谈,商议vt.授予,赋予goal[ɡəul]n.球门进球得的分努力的对象,目标job[dʒɔb]n.职业,职位(一件)工作职责,责任phase[feiz]n.阶段,时期(月亮、行星的)位相vt.分阶段计划[安排]series[ˈsiəri:z]n.连续的同类事物,系列串联apparent[əˈpærənt]adj.显然的,明白的,清晰可见的表面上的,貌似(真实)的contrast[ˈkɔntræst]n.对比,对照差异,差别对照物,明显的对比物vt.&vi.对比,对照grant[ɡrɑ:nt]n.补助金,助学金,津贴vt.准许;答应给予承认label[ˈleibəl]n.标签,标记称号;符号;标示vt.贴标签于把…列为predict[priˈdikt]vt.&vi.预言;预测;预示statistic[stəˈtistik]adj.统计的,统计学的n.统计量approximate[əˈprɔksimit]adj.近似的,大约的vt.&vi.近似,接近cycle[ˈsaikl]n.循环,周期自行车,摩托车vi.骑自行[摩托]车hence[hens]adv.从此时起,从此处因此,所以mechanism[ˈmekənizəm]n.机械装置构造,机制办法,技巧,途径principal[ˈprinsəpəl]adj.最重要的;主要的n.负责人,校长资本,本金被代理人,委托人status[ˈsteitəs]n.身份,地位情形,状况attitude[ˈætitju:d]n.态度,看法姿态,姿势debate[diˈbeit]n.讨论,辩论vt.&vi.辩论,争论hypothesis[haiˈpɔθisis]n.假说,假设,前提obvious[ˈɔbviəs]adj.明显的;显而易见的prior[ˈpraiə]adj.优先的;在前的;较早的stress[stres]n.压力,紧张强调,重要性重力重音vt.重读强调attribute[əˈtribju:t]n.属性,特性vt.认为…是;归因于…认为某作品出自某人之手认为某事[物]属于某人[物]despite[disˈpait]prep.不管,尽管implement[ˈimplimənt]n.工具,器具,用具vt.使生效,贯彻,执行occupy[ˈɔkjupai]vt.占领;占有使从事;使忙于professional[prəˈfeʃənəl]adj.职业的,专业的内行的,有经验的有意的,故意的n.具有某专业资格的人,专业人士内行,专家专门职业者,职业选手subsequent[ˈsʌbsikwənt]adj.随后的,继…之后的civil[ˈsivl]adj.公民的,平民的;非军职的,非宗教的;国民间的,民用的民事的,民法的文明的,有教养的dimension[diˈmenʃən]n.尺寸,度量方面,部分规模,程度implicate[ˈimplikeit]vt.牵连,涉及option[ˈɔpʃən]n.选择(的自由)可选择的办法附件,配件买卖选择权,期权project[prəˈdʒekt]n.项目,计划,方案,课题vt.规划抛;投;射vt.&vi.伸出,突出;表达特点sum[sʌm]n.总数,总和金额算术vt.&vi.合计总结,归纳code[kəud]n.法典,法规,章程密码,电码代号,编码vt.将…译成电码domestic[dəˈmestik]adj.本国的,国内的家庭的,家用的驯养的impose[imˈpəuz]vi.利用,占便宜;欺骗vt.强迫,强加课税,惩罚output[ˈautput]n.产量输出,输出功率promote[prəˈməut]vt.提升,提拔筹划,发起,创立推销〈正〉促进;推动;增进summary[ˈsʌməri]adj.即刻的,立即的匆忙的,草率的概括的;简要的n.摘要,概要commit[kəˈmit]vt.犯罪;犯错承诺;使自己受约束托付;交付emerge[iˈmə:dʒ]vi.出现;显出;暴露integrate[ˈintiɡreit]vt.使结合成为整体vt.&vi.(使)融入overall[ˈəuvərɔ:l]adj.总体的;全面的;综合的全面考虑的adv.大体上,总的来说一切包括在内,全部的n.长罩衣工装裤;工作裤regime[reiˈʒi:m]n.政治制度,政权,政体undertake[ˌʌndəˈteik]vt.担任,承揽;保证着手,开始Sublist5academy[əˈkædəmi]n.专科学校研究院,学会consult[kənˈsʌlt]vt.请教,咨询;找(医生)诊治翻阅,查阅顾及,考虑vt.&vi.商议,商量evolve[iˈvɔlv]vt.&vi.演变;进化licence[ˈlaisəns]n.许可证,执照许可,特许放纵,放肆orient[ˈɔ:riənt]n.东方,亚洲vt.使熟悉,使适应使朝向;使确定位置style[stail]n.风格,格调;文体行为方式,作风种类,类型;流行式样;款式风度;格调;气派adjust[əˈdʒʌst]vt.&vi.(改变…以)适应;调整;校正contact[ˈkɔntækt]n.接触联系,联络,交往社会关系,熟人,门路触点,接头vt.&vi.联系expand[iksˈpænd]vt.&vi.使…变大,扩大,扩张伸展,伸开,张开,展开logic[ˈlɔdʒik]n.逻辑(学),逻辑性推理方法合理的想法perspective[pəˈspektiv]n.远景,景前途;希望透视透视图观点,想法substitute[ˈsʌbstitju:t]vt.&vi.代替,替换,代用alter[ˈɔ:ltə]vt.&vi.改变,更改decline[diˈklain]n.下降,减少,衰退vi.(太阳)落下vt.&vi.辞谢;谢绝(邀请等) expose[iksˈpəuz]vt.曝光暴露;显露揭露,袒露margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin]n.页边空白边,边缘差数,差额;余地precise[priˈsais]adj.精确的,准确的恰好的;正是的周密的,细密的,精细的sustain[səˈstein]vt.承受,支撑维持长期保持;使继续经受,遭受amend[əˈmend]vt.&vi.改良;修改,修订discrete[disˈkri:t]adj.分离的,不相关联的external[eksˈtə:nl]adj.外面的,外部的外观的,表面的外国的medical[ˈmedikəl]adj.医学的,医疗的,医术的内科的prime[praim]adj.首要的;主要的;基本的最好的,第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好,使完成准备工作事先指导,事先向…提供情况symbol[ˈsimbəl]n.象征,标志符号,记号aware[əˈwɛə]adj.意识到的,知道的draft[drɑ:ft]n.草稿,草案,草图汇票应召入伍者;特遣队vt.起草,画草图,草拟选派,抽调征募,征召…入伍facilitate[fəˈsiliteit]vt.使便利,减轻…的困难mental[ˈmentl]adj.精神的,头脑的,心理的,智力的精神病的psychology[saiˈkɔlədʒi]n.心理学心理;心理特点target[ˈtɑ:ɡit]n.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象;(攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物capacity[kəˈpæsiti]n.容量,容积才能,能力身份,职位enable[iˈneibl]vt.使能够;提供做…的权利[措施]使可能fundamental[ˌfʌndəˈmentəl]adj.基本的;重要的,必要的n.基本原则,基本法则modify[ˈmɔdifai]vt.修饰vt.&vi.修改,更改pursue[pəˈsju:]vt.追捕,追击追求继续;从事,经营transit[ˈtrænsit]n.搬运;载运;运输challenge[ˈtʃælindʒ]n.挑战,邀请比赛怀疑,质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验energy[ˈenədʒi]n.活力,干劲,能力精力〈物〉能,能量,能源generate[ˈdʒenəreit]vt.生成,产生引起,导致monitor[ˈmɔnitə]n.监视器,监听器;检测器(学校)班长;纠察员vt.监听,监视监测,检测ratio[ˈreiʃiəu]n.比,比率trend[trend]n.趋势,倾向流行clause[klɔ:z]n.从句(法律文件等的)条款enforce[inˈfɔ:s]vt.实施,执行强迫,迫使generation[ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən]n.同时代的人,一代人,一代产生,发生network[ˈnetwə:k]n.网状物(电视与计算机)网络,网状系统广播网,电视网reject[riˈdʒekt]n.被拒货品,不合格产品vt.拒绝,谢绝;驳回舍弃,排斥,退掉version[ˈvə:ʃən]n.(个人对事件的)描述,说法,看法版本,形式译本,剧本compound[ˈkɔmpaund]n.复合物,化合物(筑有围墙的)院子,(围起来的)场地vt.使混合,使合成使严重;使恶化entity[ˈentiti]n.实体,独立存在体,实际存在物image[ˈimidʒ]n.形象,概念镜像,影像,图像印象酷似的人[物],翻版比喻,引喻,明喻外形,外表,模样notion[ˈnəuʃən]n.概念,观念,看法突然的念头,奇想;意图,打算revenue[ˈrevənju:]n.收入,收益;财政收入,税收welfare[ˈwelfɛə]n.健康,幸福,繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)conflict[ˈkɔnflikt]n.战斗,斗争冲突,抵触,争论vi.抵触,冲突equivalent[iˈkwivələnt]adj.相等的,相当的liberal[ˈlibərəl]adj.心胸宽阔的,无偏见的慷慨的,大方的开放的;主张变革的自由的,不拘一格的n.宽容大度的人自由主义者objective[əbˈdʒektiv]adj.客观的;不带偏见的n.目标;目的stable[ˈsteibl]adj.稳定的;安定的沉稳[持重]的whereas[hwɛərˈæz]conj.但是,而Sublist6abstract[ˈæbstrækt]adj.抽象的抽象派的n.抽象,抽象概念,抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要,梗概vt.提取,抽取做…的摘要capable[ˈkeipəbl]adj.有能力的,有技能的exceed[ikˈsi:d]vi.(在数量、质量上)突出,领先vt.超过;超越incidence[ˈinsidəns]n.发生率,影响范围migrate[maiˈɡreit]vi.迁移;移往recover[riˈkʌvə]vi.恢复健康(体力、能力等)vt.恢复;重新获得,找回〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或位置)accurate[ˈækjurit]adj.精确的,准确的正确无误的cite[sait]vt.引用,举例表彰,嘉奖传唤,传讯expert[ˈekspə:t]adj.专家的,内行的,熟练的n.专家,能手incorporate[inˈkɔ:pəreit]vt.包含,加上,吸收把…合并,使并入组成公司minimum[ˈminiməm]adj.最低的,最小的n.最低限度,最小量reveal[riˈvi:l]vt.显示;露出泄露;透露acknowledge[əkˈnɔlidʒ]vt.承认,供认告知已收到鸣谢,感谢cooperate[kəuˈɔpəreit]vi.合作;配合,协助explicit[iksˈplisit]adj.详述的,明确的,明晰的直言的,毫不隐瞒的,露骨的index[ˈindeks]n.索引标志,象征;量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数,幂vt.给…编索引,指示出ministry[ˈministri]n.(政府的)部scope[skəup]n.余地,机会(处理、研究事务的)范围aggregate[ˈæɡriɡit]n.〈正〉数,总计vt.总计达…vt.&vi.(使)聚集discriminate[disˈkrimineit]vi.歧视,有差别地对待vt.&vi.分别,辨别,区分federal[ˈfedərəl]adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的inhibit[inˈhibit]vt.阻止;抑制motive[ˈməutiv]n.动机,目的subsidy[ˈsʌbsidi]n.补贴,津贴,补助金allocate[ˈæləkeit]vt.分配,分派把…拨给display[disˈplei]n.陈列,展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt.陈列,展览显示,显露fee[fi:]n.费,酬金initiate[iˈniʃieit]vt.开始,着手传授;使初步了解接纳新成员,让…加入neutral[ˈnju:trəl]adj.中立的,不偏不倚的中立(国家)的暗淡的;非彩色的(化学中)中性的不带电的n.(汽车或其他机器的)空挡位置中立人士;中立国tape[teip]n.带子录音磁带;录像带vt.用带子捆起来vt.&vi.录音assign[əˈsain]vt.分配;交给指派,选派指定,订出diverse[daiˈvəs]adj.不同的,多种多样的flexible[ˈfleksəbl]adj.易弯曲的,柔韧的灵活的,可变通的input[ˈinput]n.输入,投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据vt.把…输入电脑nevertheless[ˌnevəðəˈles]adv.仍然,然而,不过conj.尽管如此,然而trace[treis]n.踪迹;痕迹;形迹极微的量vt.追踪;追溯发现;找到描绘;标出vt.&vi.缓慢而困难地书写attach[əˈtætʃ]vt.&vi.贴上;系;附上domain[dəuˈmein]n.范围,领域版图,领土地产,产业furthermore[ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:]adv.而且,此外instruct[inˈstrʌkt]vt.命令,指示教,指导通知overseas[ˌəuvəˈsi:z]adj.(在)海外的,(在)国外的(向或来自)外国的adv.在[向]海外;在[向]国外transform[trænsˈfɔ:m]vt.&vi.改变author[ˈɔ:θə]n.著作家,作者创造者,创始人;发起人edit[ˈedit]vt.剪辑(电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等)vt.&vi.编辑gender[ˈdʒendə]n.〈语〉性intelligent[inˈtelidʒənt]adj.聪明的;理解力强的precede[ˌpriˈsi:d]vt.&vi.在…之前,先于transport[trænsˈpɔ:t]vt.运送;流放使万分激动bond[bɔnd]n.联系,关系连接,接合,结合有息债券合同,契约,票据vt.使粘结,使结合enhance[inˈhɑ:ns]vt.提高,增加,加强ignorant[ˈiɡnərənt]adj.无知的,愚昧的interval[ˈintəvəl]n.间隔时间幕间休息presume[priˈzju:m]vi.冒昧地做某事;错用自作主张,放肆vt.以为;假定underlie[ˌʌndəˈlai]vt.位于或存在于(某物)之下构成…的基础(或起因);引起brief[bri:f]adj.短暂的,短时间的简洁的,简短的n.概要,摘要vt.向…介绍基本情况,作…的摘要estate[isˈteit]n.土地,地区庄园,种植园地产,财产;遗产incentive[inˈsentiv]n.激励某人做某事的事物;刺激;诱因,动机lecture[ˈlektʃə]n.演讲;讲课冗长的训斥[谴责]vt.责备,教训,训斥vt.&vi.(向…)演讲;(给…)讲课rational[ˈræʃənl]adj.神智清楚的理性的;理智的;合理的;出于理性的utilize[ˈju:tilaiz]vt.利用,使用Sublist7adapt[əˈdæpt]vt.改编,改写vt.&vi.(使)适应,(使)适合contrary[ˈkɔntrəri]adj.相反的,相违的n.相反,反面,对立面empirical[emˈpirikəl]adj.以观察或实验为依据的identical[aiˈdentikəl]adj.同一的phenomenon[fiˈnɔminən]n.现象特殊的人[事物]submit[səbˈmit]vi.屈服,认输vt.提交,呈递〈正〉建议,主张,申辩adult[ˈædʌlt]adj.成熟的成年人的,适宜于成年人的n.成年的人或动物convert[kənˈvə:t]vt.&vi.(使)转变,(使)转化皈依,改变(信仰)equip[iˈkwip]vt.装备,配备使有能力,使胜任ideology[ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi]n.思想(体系),思想意识priority[praiˈɔriti]n.优先权,重点优先考虑的事successor[səkˈsesə]n.接替的人或事物,继任者,继承人advocate[ˈædvəkeit]n.提倡者,拥护者辩护律师,辩护人vt.提倡,主张couple[ˈkʌpl]n.一对,一双一些,几个夫妻,情侣vt.连接,联结,联系extract[iksˈtrækt]n.摘录,引用提炼物,浓缩物vt.(费力地)拔出,抽出提取,榨出infer[inˈfə:]vt.推断,推知prohibit[prəˈhibit]vt.禁止;阻止survive[səˈvaiv]vi.幸存,活下来vt.比…活得长,经历…之后还存在aid[eid]n.帮助,援助,救助助手,辅助物,辅助手段vt.帮助,援助decade[ˈdekeid]n.十年,十年间file[fail]n.文件夹,公文箱卷宗,文件;计算机文件纵列vi.排成纵队前进vt.把…归档提交(申请等),呈递用锉锉innovate[ˈinəuveit]vi.改革,创新publication[ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən]n.发表,公布出版,刊行,发行出版物,书刊thesis[ˈθi:sis]n.论题,命题,论点论文,毕业(或学位)论文channel[ˈtʃænl]n.海峡通道;水沟,水渠渠道,途径频道definite[ˈdefinit]adj.明确的,确切的一定的,肯定的finite[ˈfainait]adj.有限的,有限度的〈语〉限定的insert[inˈsə:t]n.添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图)vt.插入,嵌入quote[kwəut]vt.提到…以支持某论点报(价);开(价)vt.&vi.引用,援引topic[ˈtɔpik]n.题目,论题,话题chemical[ˈkemikəl]adj.化学的n.化学药品deny[diˈnai]vt.否认知情拒绝foundation[faunˈdeiʃən]n.建立,设立,创办基础,基本原理,根据地基基金(会) intervene[ˌɪntəˈvi:n]vi.干涉,干预;调解干扰,阻碍release[riˈli:s]n.释放,排放,解除释放令公映的新影片,发布的新闻[消息]vt.释放;放开发布;发行;发售transmit[trænzˈmit]vt.传播,传染传导vt.&vi.发射,播送,广播classic[ˈklæsik]adj.(著作,赛事等)最优秀的,(可作)典范的(病例等)典型的,标准的(衣服,设计等)传统式样的,典雅的(因为时已久)著名的;传统的n.文豪,大艺术家;文学名著,经典作品,杰作优秀的典范differentiate[ˌdifəˈrenʃieit]vi.区别对待vt.&vi.区分,区别,辨别globe[ɡləub]n.地球,世界球体;球状物地球仪isolate[ˈaisəleit]vt.使隔离,使孤立,使脱离reverse[riˈvə:s]adj.相反的,颠倒的,反向的n.相反钱币的反面[背面]失败,挫败vt.&vi.(使)反转;(使)颠倒;(使)翻转推翻,取消使倒退,逆转ultimate[ˈʌltimit]adj.最后的,最终的基本的,根本的最大的,极限程度的comprehensive[ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv]adj.广泛的,综合的dispose[disˈpəuz]vt.布置使愿意或准备做vt.&vi.处理;处置grade[ɡreid]n.(官阶、质量)等级,品级,阶段,程度〈尤美〉(考试或作业的)分数,评分等级〈尤美〉(学生受测试的)技巧水平(尤指音乐方面)〈美〉年级;(按年级划分的)小学生media[ˈmi:djə]n.媒体simulate[ˈsimjuleit]vt.假装模仿,模拟unique[ju:ˈni:k]adj.独一无二的,仅有的,惟一的异常的,特有的,少见的comprise[kəmˈpraiz]vt.包含,包括,由…组成组成,构成dynamic[daiˈnæmik]adj.有活力的,强有力的不断变化的动力的,动态的guarantee[ˌɡærənˈti:]n.保证,保障;保证书;保用期担保,担保人担保品,抵押品vt.保证;担保使(事情)可能发生mode[məud]n.方式,样式样式,风格sole[səul]adj.单独的,惟一的专有的,独占的visible[ˈvizəbl]adj.看得见的,可见的,有形的明显的,可察觉到的confirm[kənˈfə:m]vt.证实,证明;肯定,确认使巩固,加强批准;认可eliminate[iˈlimineit]vt.消除,排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉hierarchy[ˈhaiərɑ:ki]n.等级制度统治集团,领导层paradigm[ˈpærədaim]n.(一词的)词形变化表范例;样式;模范somewhat[ˈsʌmhwɔt]adv.稍微,有点,达到某种程度voluntary[ˈvɔləntəri]adj.自愿的,志愿的义务的,无偿的Sublist8abandon[əˈbændən]n.放任;纵情vt.离弃,丢弃遗弃,抛弃放弃clarify[ˈklærifai]vt.&vi.使清楚;澄清deviate[ˈdi:vieit]vi.偏离;越轨induce[inˈdju:s]vt.引诱,劝导〈正〉引起,导致plus[plʌs]adj.正的比所示数量多的附加的,称心的,有利的n.加号,正号prep.(表示包容)外加;另有(表示运算)加,加上(表示数目)在零(度)以上,正tense[tens]adj.拉紧的肌肉绷紧的神经紧张的n.〈语〉(动词的)时态vt.(使某人或某物)变得紧张accompany[əˈkʌmpəni]vt.陪伴,陪同伴随…同时发生伴奏commodity[kəˈmɔditi]n.商品,货物有用的东西displace[disˈpleis]vt.替换,取代移走inevitable[inˈevitəbl]adj.不可避免的,必然发生的〈非正〉总会发生的,照例必有的,惯常的practitioner[prækˈtiʃənə]n.习艺者,实习者从业者(尤指医师)terminate[ˈtə:mineit]vt.&vi.结束;使终结accumulate[əˈkju:mjuleit]vt.&vi.堆积;积累complement[ˈkɔmplimənt]n.补充,互为补充的东西需要的或允许的数额补足语vt.补足,补充drama[ˈdrɑ:mə]n.戏剧,剧本戏剧文学[艺术]戏剧性事件[场面] infrastructure[ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə]n.基础设施;基础结构predominant[priˈdɔminənt]adj.占主导地位的,显著的theme[θi:m]n.主题,主旨,题目ambiguous[æmˈbiɡjuəs]adj.引起歧义的;模棱两可的,含糊不清的conform[kənˈfɔ:m]vi.遵守,符合顺应,一致eventual[iˈventjuəl]adj.(事件)最终发生的;结果的inspect[inˈspekt]vt.检查,检验视察prospect[ˈprɔspekt]n.景象,景色前景;前途可能成为主顾的人;有希望的候选人vi.勘探;勘察thereby[ˈðɛəbai]adv.由此;因而append[əˈpend]vt.附加contemporary[kənˈtempərəri]adj.当代的同时代的,同属一个时期的n.同代人,同龄人exhibit[iɡˈzibit]n.展览品,陈列品在法庭提出的证物vt.显示,显出vt.&vi.陈列;展览intense[inˈtens]adj.强烈的,剧烈的;极端的热情的,热切的紧张的,认真的radical[ˈrædikəl]adj.根本的,基本的;彻底的,完全的激进的,激进派的uniform[ˈju:nifɔ:m]adj.全都相同的,一律的,清一色的n.制服appreciate[əˈpri:ʃieit]vt.感激,感谢欣赏,赏识,重视意识到,体会vt.&vi.(使)增值,涨价contradict[ˌkɔntrəˈdikt]vt.与…发生矛盾,与…抵触vt.&vi.反驳,否认…的真实性exploit[iksˈplɔit]n.业绩,功绩,功勋,事迹vt.开采;开发剥削manipulate[məˈnipjuleit]vt.熟练控制[操作]random[ˈrændəm]adj.任意的;无计划的(统计)随机的vehicle[ˈvi:ɪkl]n.交通工具,车辆传播媒介,手段arbitrary[ˈɑ:bitrəri]adj.随意的,主观的专横的,独断专行的crucial[ˈkru:ʃəl]adj.决定性的,紧要关头的fluctuate[ˈflʌktjueit]vi.波动,涨落,起伏minimise[ˈminimaiz]vt.把…减至最低数量[程度]对(某事物)作最低估计;极力贬低(某事物)的价值[重要性]reinforce[ˌri:ɪnˈfɔ:s]vt.增强;加强via[ˈvaiə]prep.(表示方式)通过(某人),凭借(某种手段)(表示关涉)经由,经过automate[ˈɔ:təmeit]vt.&vi.(使)自动化currency[ˈkʌrənsi]n.通货,货币流通,通用,流行guideline[ˈɡaidlain]n.指导方针,准则nuclear[ˈnju:kliə]adj.核的,原子核的使用或生产核能的restore[riˈstɔ:]vt.归还;交还使恢复修复;重建virtual[ˈvə:tjuəl]adj.实质上的,事实上的,实际上的bias[ˈbaiəs]n.偏见,偏心,偏袒vt.使倾向于denote[diˈnəut]vt.为…的符号;为…的名称指示;指出highlight[ˈhailait]n.最精彩的部分,最重要的事情vt.强调,突出,使显著。
Sublists of the Academic Word List
Sublists of the Academic Word ListEach word in italics is the most frequently occurring member of the word family in the Academic Corpus.For example, analysis is the most common form of the word family analyse. British and American spelling is included in the word families, so contextualise and contextualize are both included in the family context.Sublist 1 contains the most common words in the AWL. Sublist 2 contains the next most common words, and so on. There are 60 families in each sublist, except for sublist 10 which has 30.Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessedassumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptionsauthorityauthoritativeauthoritiesavailableavailabilityunavailablebenefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptuallyconsistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistentconstituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutionalcontextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontracts createcreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreatingdatadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderivingdistributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingredistributioneconomyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulations functionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctions identifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiable incomeincomes indicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicators individualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividuals interpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallylegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiring researchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearching respondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsive rolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsections sectorsectors significantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifying similardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarly sourcesourcedsourcessourcing specificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecifics structurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructured theorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheorists varyinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassistedcategorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizingchapterchapterscommissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissionscommunitycommunitiescomplexcomplexitiescomplexitycomputecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputingconcludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusivelyconductconductedconductingconductsconsequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequentlyconstructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructsconsumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumptioncreditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultureddesigndesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesigns distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctly elementelements equateequatedequatesequatingequationequations evaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluation featurefeaturedfeaturesfeaturing finalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainable participateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatory perceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptions positivepositively potentialpotentially previouspreviously primaryprimarily purchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasing rangerangedrangesranging regionregionalregionallyregions regulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributorsconveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventionalcoordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinatorscorecorescoringcoredcorporatecorporatescorporationcorporationscorrespondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorrespondscriteriacriteriondeducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductionsdemonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstratorsdocumentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocumentsdominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationemphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphatically ensureensuredensuresensuring excludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusively frameworkframeworks fundfundedfunderfundersfundingfunds illustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrative immigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigration implyimpliedimpliesimplying initialinitially instanceinstances interactinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipsphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportions publishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublished reactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactors registerderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistration relyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliable removeremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattribution civilcodecodedcodescoding commitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommittingcommunicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicativeconcentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentrationconferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensionaldomesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomesticsemergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingerrorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplications imposeimposedimposesimposingimposition integrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegration internalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternally investigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigators jobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabels mechanismmechanisms obviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressed subsequentsubsequently sumsummationsummedsummingsums summary summariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallengingclauseclausescompoundcompoundedcompoundingcompoundsconflictconflictedconflictingconflictsconsultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsultingcontactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontactsdeclinedeclineddeclinesdecliningdiscretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretiondraftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredraftsenableenabledenablesenablingenergyenergeticenergeticallyenergiesenforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcingentityentitiesequivalentequivalenceevolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsexpandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternally facilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacility fundamentalfundamentally generategeneratedgeneratesgenerating generationgenerations imageimageryimages liberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivityorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejections revenuerevenues stableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstable stylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizing substitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitution sustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainable symbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbols targettargetedtargetingtargets transittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransits trendtrends versionversions welfarewhereasSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgemens aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattachedauthorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorshipbondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefscapablecapabilitiescapabilityincapablecitecitationcitationscitedcitingcitescooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operativelydiscriminatediscriminateddiscriminatesdiscriminatingdiscriminationdisplaydisplayeddisplayingdisplaysdiversediverselydiversificationdiversifieddiversifiesdiversifydiversifyingdiversitydomaindomainsediteditededitingeditioneditionseditoreditorialeditorialseditorseditsenhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitly federalfederationfederations feefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibility furthermoregendergenders ignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoring incentiveincentives incidenceincidentincidentallyincidents incorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporation indexindexedindexesindexing inhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibits initiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturerlecturerslectureslecturingmigratemigrantmigrantsmigratedmigratesmigratingmigrationmigrationsmigratoryminimumministryministeredministeringministerialministriesmotivemotivatemotivatedmotivatesmotivatingmotivationmotivationsmotivesunmotivatedneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalism。
AWL学术英语词汇表
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzes economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishlegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimatemethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefits conceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactors financefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequire requiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontracts createcreatedcreatesidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableineinesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurecreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating data definedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingrestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvarianceredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalityvariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingredistribution legally Sublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministrator distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelements equateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryadministratorsaffectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffectedappropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriatelyaspect aspects assist assistance assistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassistedcategoryevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationcategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters missionmissionedmissionermissionersmissioningmissions munitymunitiesplexplexitiesplexitypute focusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulputationputationalputationsputableputerputedputerisedputersputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusively conductconductedconductingconductsuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsunder-resourcedrestrict restrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurity seekseekingseeksconsequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitems journaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenance normalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisesought selectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextscreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscredits culture culturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesignsnormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainabletextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstance circumstances emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalmentmentariesmentarymentatormentatorsmentedmentingments pensatepensatedpensatespensatingpensationpensationspensatory ponentponentryponentsconsentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexclude excludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionateproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublish publisheconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributorsfundedfunderfundersfundingfunds illustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigration implyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringconveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductionlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingdeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominatedmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximum minor minoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoute outes partnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipsshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechntechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidatedominates dominating dominationinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidly volumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequate adequacyadequatelyinadequacies errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoal goals grant grantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesisparallelparalleparalleparalleparalleunparaparameterphasedphasesphasininadequacyinadequateinadequatelyannualannuallyapparentapparently approximate approximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitude attitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodeshypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplications imposepredictpredicpredicpredicpredicpredicpredicpredicpredicunpredunpredprincipalprincippriorprofessionaprofesprofesprofesprojectprojecprojecprojecprojeccodingmit mitmentmitmentsmitsmittedmittingmunicatemunicablemunicatedmunicatesmunicatingmunicationmunicationsmunicativemunicativelyunmunicativeconcentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration confer conferenceconferencesimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatingprojecpromotepromopromopromopromopromopromopromoregimeregimeresolveresoluresolveresolveresolviunresoretain rretainiretaineretaineretainsconferredconferringconfers contrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrasts cyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcycling debatedebatabledebateddebatesdebating despite dimensiondimensionaldimensionsinvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationretentiretentiseries statisticstatististatististatististatististatististressestressestressfstressiunstresubsequentsubseqsumsummsummsummsumssummarysummmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummsummundertakeundertundertundertSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademically expandexpandedexpandingexpandsorientorientateorientatedorientatesacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging facilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberal liberaliseliberalismpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationclauseclauses poundpoundedpoundingpounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactcontactableliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicensestabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutescontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enablelicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationsubstitutingsubstitution sustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolsenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesevolutionarymodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitytargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfare wheevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregate enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingnevertheless overseas precedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attachfederationfederationsfeefeesflexible flexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermore gendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizeattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbonds briefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capableincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesrationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecovery revealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidy subsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operativelyinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturersubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformationstransformedtransformingtransformstransporttransportationtransportedtransporterdiscriminatediscriminateddiscriminatesdiscriminatingdiscrimination displaydisplayeddisplayingdisplaysdiversediverselydiversificationdiversifieddiversifiesdiversifydiversifyingdiversity domaindomainsediteditededitingeditioneditionslecturerslectureslecturingmigratemigrantmigrantsmigratedmigratesmigratingmigrationmigrationsmigratoryminimum ministryministeredministeringministerialministriesmotivemotivatemotivatedmotivatesmotivatingtransporterstransportingtransportsunderlieunderlayunderliesunderlying utiliseutilisationutilisedutilisesutilisingutiliserutilisersutilityutilitiesutilizationutilizeutilizedutilizesutilizing。
Academic Word List(学术写作单词表)
1An Introduction to the Academic Word ListAveril Coxhead, Massey University, New ZealandThe Academic Word List (AWL) is a list of 570 word families that are commonly found in academic texts. This list was selected by examining a large corpus (or collection) of written academic texts and selecting the words that occurred:1 In texts from all four academic facultysections: Arts, Commerce, Law and Science. 2 Over 100 times in the corpus overall.3 At least 10 times in each academicfaculty section.4 Outside the 2000 most frequent wordson Michael West’s General Service List(GSL). The GSL includes everyday wordssuch as I, house and do.These principles ensured that only words that occurred reasonably frequently in a variety of study areas were selected.The AWL targets vocabulary that occurs most often in written academic texts. These words also occur in newspapers but not as often as they do in textbooks. The AWL words appear even less in fiction. If your focus is learning academic vocabulary, you need to make sure you read academic textbooks so that you encounter these words in context.The AWL is organized into Word Families. Word families are made up of the ‘parent word’ and ‘family members’. Take for example the word maximise. Its family members include inflections of the verb such as maximised,maximises and maximising as well as the noun maximum. The word family also includes the British spelling of the noun maximisation, as well as maximization, the US spelling.If you learn the verb maximise, you will be able to recognise other family members such as maximised when you encounter them in your reading. These words are closely related and the meaning is likely to be the same or similar. When you are looking for words in this dictionary, think about other word family members too. Finally, there are some academic words thatdo not have a word family. These words occur on their own and do not have any inflections. Examples include nonetheless,so-called and behalf.The AWL is intended as a reference for students who are studying or preparing to study at a tertiary level in English. As a university lecturer, I was aware of the difficulties that students had in mastering the vocabulary necessary for written assignments. The AWL does not include ‘content’ vocabulary for particular subjects which students obviously need to learn as well. The AWL focuses instead on the non-subject-specific vocabulary that students of any discipline will need to master in order to produce coherently-structured written assignments.The AWL covers up to 10% of the vocabulary covered in written academic texts. This means that, on average, one word in 10 in an academic textbook is in the AWL. Look at the following extract from an academic text:EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY Environmental issues are truly global. Many of the problems, like the releasingof CFCs into the atmosphere, have global effects and require global action. Some problems link to the exploitation of global commons – the resources shared by the international community suchas ocean beds and the atmosphere. Sometimes small local problems, suchas poisonous gases leaking from landfills and water pollution, are multiplied so many times in any local contexts thatthey become major world hazards. The environment is a global concern requiring global policies.Academic Word ListAcademic Word List2The highlighted words are all on the AWL.This sample illustrates clearly that the AWLcan help with decisions about which words are important for you to learn if you are studying in an English-speaking country.Knowledge of academic vocabulary is vital for students studying at an English-speaking university, particularly for reading and writing.If you compare estimates of how many words a native English speaker might know by the age of 18 (approximately 18,000 to 20,000 words) and how many a learner who has had two or three hours of schooling in English overseveral years (roughly 2000 to 3000 words depending on the language background of the student), this gap is enormous. In order to read and write successfully you need to be able to recognize as many words as possible in your textbooks and use as many as possible in your essays. The bigger your vocabulary, the more you will be able to cope with the high reading and writing demands of your studies.Academic writing tends to be quite formal in style. The vocabulary items that you use in your writing can affect the level of formality. Writers need to know whether a word can be used in a particular situation. T ake for example consequent. This is marked as formal. You would probablynot choose to use this word when speaking with friends but you should use it in written English to take your language to a higher level of formality. The AWL will help you to focus on issues of formality. Look out for the formal label in this dictionary.Remember that the AWL covers approximately 10% of all vocabulary in a piece of academic writing. You should aim to have roughly the same percentage in your own academic writing too. If you go to the AWL highlighter websiteby Sandra Haywood (http://www.nottingham. /~alzsh3/acvocab/awlhighlighter.html) you can copy and paste your text into it and it will highlight the AWL words for you. This will enable you to see how many AWL words you are using overall and whether you repeat the same words many times in your writing.When looking up words from the AWL in this dictionary you should also focus on the bold phrases that are highlighted. These show you the key grammatical patterns and collocations for that word. Collocations are words that commonly occur together or near each other in a text, for example ‘effect on’. Collocations and phrases are important because they help with fluencyin writing and indicate that you are working at a higher level with academic vocabulary than just using a word from your own language and its translation. The collocations in the following text have been highlighted in blue.DECLINING BIODIVERSITYWhatever the effects on this planet’s climate, rain-forest clearance has another undeniable impact. The disappearance of rain forests is a major factor eroding the earth’s biodiversity, or, more simply causing many thousands of species of plant and animal life to disappear forever. While rain forests account for just seven percent of the earth’s surface, they are home to almost half of this planet’s living species. Estimatesof the total number of species of animalsand plants range from 1.5 million to as high as 30 million. Researchers, in fact, have identified more than 1,000 species of ants alone (Wilson, 1991).Remember that building your vocabulary takes time. You are not likely to learn everything you need to know about a word the very first time you see it. And don’t expect to remember everything about a word after looking it up in a dictionary once. Try some of these ideas to help you with vocabulary building:• Make the most of the information given in this dictionary to build up your knowledge of a word. Look at the bold phrases highlighted in the entry. These show important grammatical patterns and collocations. Learn these rather than the word in isolation.• Even if you think you already ‘know’ a word, look it up in the dictionary to see if there is any additional information that you don’t know.• Research has shown that repetition helps people to remember things. Make sure you build repetition into your learning. You could do this through using word cards to test yourself or by keeping a vocabulary notebook.Academic Word List3• Studying words ‘actively’ will help yourlearning. People do learn words through reading but the chances of remembering vocabulary is higher when you focus on the words and make a conscious effort to learn them.• Look out for common collocations, phrases and grammatical patterns of words when you are reading academic texts.• Work with the AWL alongside you when you are writing. Try to use words from the list that are relevant to your writing. The words on the AWL are marked with in this dictionary.The AWL does not include the 2000 most frequent words used in general everyday English. In this dictionary, however, the 3000 most frequent words in written English are also marked with 12and 3and the 3000 most frequent words in spoken English are marked with and .In some cases, these overlap with the AWL.Averil Coxhead is a lecturer in English for Academic Purposesat Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Shecompiled the AWL in 2000. For further information on the AWL go to Averil’s website at /staff/awl/index.shtml.Acknowledgement: Extracts on the subject of European environmental policy and declining biodiversity are reproduced with permission from Sociology:A Global Introduction, third edition, by John J. Macionis and Ken Plummer,©Pearson Education Limited 2005.abandon1v abandoned adj abnormal adj abstract1adj abstract2n abstract3v abstraction n academic1adj academic2n academy n access1n access2v accessible adj accommodate v accommodation n accompaniment n accompany v accumulate v accuracy n accurate adj achieve v achievement n acknowledge v acknowledgement n acquire v acquisition n adapt v adaptable adj adaptation n adequate adj adjacent adjadjust vadjustment nadministration nadministrative adjadult1nadult2adjadvocacy nadvocate1vadvocate2 naffect vaggregate1 naggregate2 adjaggregate3 vaid1 naid2 valbeit conjallocate vallocation nalter valteration nalternate1 adjalternate2 valternative1 adjalternative2 nambiguity nambiguous adjamend vamendment nanalogous adjanalogy nanalyse vanalysis nanalyst nanalytical adjanalyze vannual1 adjanticipate vanticipation napparent adjappend vappendix nappreciable adjappreciate vappreciation napproach1 vapproach2 nappropriate1 adjapproximate1 adjapproximate2 vapproximation narbitrary adjarea naspect nassemble vassembly nassess vassessment nassign vassignment nassist1 vassistance nassume vassuming conjassumption nassurance nassure vattach vattachment nattain vattainment nattitude nattributable adjattribute1 vattribute2 nauthor1 nauthor2 vauthoritative adjauthority nauthorship nautomate vautomated adjautomatic1 adjautomatically advautomation navailable adjaware adjawareness nAcademic Word ListThe following is a list of the words from the Academic Word List that are highlighted in this dictionary. Words shown in bold are one of the ‘parent words’.Academic Word List4behalf n beneficial adj beneficiary n benefit1 n benefit2 vbias1 nbias2 vbiased adjbond1 nbond2 v brevity nbrief1 adjbrief2 nbrief3 v briefing n briefly advbulk1 nbulky adjcapability n capable adj capacity n category n cease1 v challenge1 n challenge2 v challenging adj channel1 n channel2 v chapter nchart1 nchart2 v chemical1 n chemical2 adj circumstance n citation ncite vcivil adj clarification n clarify vclarity n classic1 adj classic2 n classical adj clause ncode1 ncode2 vcoded adj coding n coherence n coherent adj coincide v coincidence n coincident adj coincidental adj collapse1 v collapse2 n colleague n commence v commencement n comment1 ncomment2 vcommentary ncommentator ncommission1 ncommission2 vcommit vcommitment ncommitted adjcommodity ncommunicable adjcommunicate vcommunication ncommunicative adjcommunity ncompatibility ncompatible1 adjcompensate vcompensation ncompensatory adjcompilation ncompile vcomplement1 ncomplement2 vcomplementary adjcomplex1 adjcomplex2 ncomplexity ncomponent1 ncomponent2 adjcompound1 ncompound2 vcompound3 adjcomprehensive adjcomprise vcomputation ncompute vcomputer ncomputing nconceivable adjconceive vconcentrate1 vconcentration nconcept nconception nconceptual adjconclude vconcluding adjconclusion nconclusive adjconcurrent adjconduct1 vconduct2 nconfer vconference nconfine vconfined adjconfirm vconfirmation nconflict1 nconflict2 vconform vconformation nconformist adjconformity nconsensus nconsent1 nconsent2 vconsequence nconsequent adjconsequently advconsiderable adjconsiderably advconsist vconsistency nconsistent adjconstancy nconstant1 adjconstant2 nconstantly advconstituency nconstituent1 nconstituent2 adjconstitute vconstitution nconstitutional1 adjconstrain vconstrained adjconstraint nconstruct1 vconstruct2 nconstruction nconstructive adjconsult vconsultancy nconsultant nconsultation nconsultative adjconsume vconsumer nconsumption ncontact1 ncontact2 vcontact3 adjcontemporary1 adjcontemporary2 ncontext ncontextual adjcontextualize vcontract1 ncontract2 vcontractor ncontradict vcontradiction ncontradictory adjcontrary1 ncontrary2 adjcontrast1 ncontrast2 vcontrasting adjcontribute vcontribution ncontributor ncontroversial adjcontroversy nconvene vconvention nconventional adjconverse3 adjconversely advconversion nconvert1 vconvertible 1 adjconvince vconvinced adjconvincing adjcooperate vcooperation ncooperative1 adjcoordinate1 vcoordinate2 ncoordinate3 adjcoordination ncoordinator ncore1 ncore2 adjcore3 vcorporate adjcorporation ncorrespond vcorrespondence ncorresponding adjcouple1 ncouple2 vcreate vcreation ncreative1 adjcreativity ncreator ncredit1 ncredit2 vcreditor ncriterion ncrucial adjcultural adjculturally advculture1 ncurrency ncycle1 ncycle2 vcyclic adjdata ndebatable adjdebate1 ndebate2 vdecade ndecline1 ndecline2 vdeduce vAcademic Word List 5deduction n define vdefinite adj definitely adv definition n definitive adj demonstrable adj demonstrate v demonstration n demonstrative adj demonstrator n denial ndenote vdeny vdepress v depression n derivation n derivative1 n derivative2 adj derive vdesign1 ndesign2 v designer1 n despite prep detect v detection n detective n detector n deviate1 v deviation n device ndevote v devoted adj devotion n differentiate v dimension n diminish v diminution n discrete adj discretion n discretionary adj discriminate v discrimination n disestablish v displace v displacement n display1 n display2 v disposable adj disposal n dispose v disproportion n disproportionate adj dissimilar adj distinct adj distinction n distinctive adj distinctly adv distort v distribute v distribution ndistributive adjdiverse adjdiversify vdiversity ndocument1 ndocument2 vdocumentation ndomain ndomestic1 adjdomesticate vdomesticated adjdominance ndominant1 adjdominate vdraft1 ndraft2 vdraft3 adjdrama ndramatic adjdramatist ndramatize vduration ndynamic1 adjdynamic2 neconomic adjeconomical adjeconomically adveconomics neconomist neconomy1 nedit vedition neditor neditorial1 adjeditorial2 nelement neliminate velimination nemerge vemergence nemergent adjemerging adjemphasis nemphasize vemphatic adjempirical adjempiricism nenable venabling adjencounter1 vencounter2 nenergetic adjenergy nenforce venforced adjenforcement nenhance venhanced adjenormity nenormous adjenormously advensure ventity nenvironment nenvironmental adjenvironmentalist nequate vequation nequip vequipment nequivalent1 adjequivalent2 nerode verosion nerroneous adjerror nestablish vestablished adjestablishment nestate nestimate1 nestimate2 vestimation nethic nethical adjethnic1 adjethnic2 nevaluate vevaluation neventual adjeventuality neventually advevidence1 nevident adjevidential adjevidently advevolution nevolutionary adjevolve vexceed vexclude vexcluding prepexclusion nexclusive1 adjexclusively advexhibit1 vexhibit2 nexhibition nexpand vexpansion nexpansionism nexpansive adjexpert1 nexpert2 adjexpertise nexplicit adjexploit1 vexploitation nexport1 nexport2 vexporter nexpose vexposed adjexposure nexternal adjexternalize vextract1 vextract2 nextraction nfacilitate vfacilitator nfacility nfactor1 nfactor2 vfeature1 nfeature2 vfederal adjfederation nfee nfile1 nfile2 vfiling nfinal1 adjfinal2 nfinality nfinalize vfinally advfinance1 nfinance2 vfinancial adjfinancier nfinite adjflexibility nflexible adjfluctuate vfluctuation nfocus1 vfocus2 nfocussed adjformat1 nformat2 vformula nformulate vforthcoming adjfound2 vfoundation nfounder1 nfounding nframework nfunction1 nfunction2 vfunctional adjfund1 nfund2 vfundamental adjfundamentally advfunding nAcademic Word List6furthermore advgender n generate v generation n globalization n globe ngoal ngrade1 n grade2 v graded adj grant1 vgrant2 n guarantee1 v guarantee2 n guideline nhence adv hierarchical adj hierarchy n highlight1 v hypothesis n hypothesize v hypothetical adj identical adj identifiable adj identification n identify v identity n ideological adj ideology n ignorance n ignorant adj ignore v illegal1 adj illogical adj illustrate v illustration n illustrative adj image n imagery n immature adj immigrant n immigrate v immigration n impact1 n impact2 v implement1 v implement2 n implicate v implication n implicit adj imply v impose v imposition n imprecise adj inaccessible adj inaccuracy n inaccurate adj inadequacy ninadequate adjinappropriate adjincapable adjincapacitate vincentive nincidence nincident nincidentally advinclination nincline1 vincline2 nincoherent adjincome nincompatible adjinconceivable adjinconclusive adjinconsistency ninconsistent adjincorporate vincorporated adjindefinite adjindefinitely advindex1 nindex2 vindicate vindication nindicative1 nindicative2 adjindicator nindiscretion nindistinct adjindividual1 adjindividual2 nindividualism nindividualist nindividuality nindividually advinduce vinduction ninevitability ninevitable adjinevitably advinfer vinference ninfinite adjinfinitely advinflexible adjinfrastructure ninherent adjinhibit vinhibition ninitial1 adjinitially advinitiate1 vinitiation ninitiative ninitiator ninjure vinjured adjinjury ninnovate vinnovation ninnovative adjinnovator ninput1 ninput2 vinsecure adjinsert1 vinsertion ninsight ninsightful adjinsignificant adjinspect vinspection ninspector ninstability ninstance1 ninstance2 vinstitute1 ninstitute2 vinstitution ninstitutional adjinstitutionalized adjinstruct vinstruction ninstructive adjinstructor ninsufficient adjintegral adjintegrate vintegrated adjintegration nintegrity nintelligence nintelligent adjintense adjintensify vintensity nintensive adjinteract vinteraction ninteractive adjintermediate1 adjinternal adjinternalize vinterpret vinterpretation ninterpretative adjinterpretive adjinterval nintervene vintervening adjintervention nintrinsic adjinvalidate vinvalidity ninvariable adjinvariably advinvest vinvestigate vinvestigation ninvestigative adjinvestigator ninvestment ninvestor ninvisible adjinvoke vinvolve vinvolvement nirrational adjirrelevance nirrelevant adjirreversible adjisolate visolated adjisolation nisolationism nissue1 nissue2 vitem njob njournal njustifiable adjjustification njustified adjjustify vlabel1 nlabel2 vlabor nlabored adjlabour1 nlabour2 vlaboured adjlayer1 nlayer2 vlecture1 nlecture2 vlecturer nlegal adjlegality nlegally advlegislate vlegislation nlegislative adjlegislator nlegislature nlevy1 vlevy2 nliberal1 adjliberal2 nliberalism nliberalize vliberally advliberate vliberated adjlicence nlicense vAcademic Word List 7licensed adj likewise adv link1 vlink2 n linkage n locate v location n logic n logical adj logician n maintain v maintenance n major1 adj majority n manipulate v manipulative adj manual1 adj manual2 n margin n marginal adj marginally adv maturation n mature1 adj mature2 v maturity n maximize v maximum1 adj maximum2 n mechanism n media n mediate v medical1 adj medium1 adj medium2 n mental adj mentality n method n methodical adj methodology n migrant n migrate v migration n migratory adj military1 adj military2 n minimal adj minimize v minimum1 adj minimum2 n ministerial adj ministry n minor1 adj minority n misinterpret v mode n modification n modify v monitor1 v motivated adj motivation nmotive1 nmotive2 adjmutual adjmutually advnegate vnegative1 adjnegative2 nnetwork1 nnetwork2 vnetworking nneutral1 adjneutrality nneutralize vnevertheless advnonconformist nnonetheless advnorm nnormal1 adjnormal2 nnormality nnormalize vnormally advnotion nnotwithstanding prepnuclear adjobjective1 nobjective2 adjobjectively advobtain vobtainable adjobvious adjobviously advoccupancy noccupant noccupation noccupational adjoccupier noccupy voccur voccurrence nodd adjodds noffset1 vongoing adjoption noptional adjorient1 vorientate vorientated adjorientation noriented adjoutcome noutput1 noutput2 voverall1 adjoverall2 advoverestimate1 voverestimate2 noverlap1 voverlap2 noverseas1 advoverseas2 adjpanel nparadigm nparagraph nparallel1 nparallel2 adjparallel3 vparameter nparticipant nparticipate vparticipation nparticipatory adjpartner1 npartnership npassive1 adjpassive2 nperceive vpercent1 adjpercent2 npercentage nperception nperiod1 nperiodic adjperiodical npersist vpersistence npersistent adjperspective nphase1 nphase2 vphenomenal adjphenomenon nphilosopher nphilosophical adjphilosophize vphilosophy nphysical1 adjphysically advplus1 prepplus2 nplus3 adjpolicy nportion1 npose1 vpose2 npositive1 adjpositively advpotential1 adjpotential2 npotentially advpractitioner nprecede vprecedence nprecedent npreceding adjprecise adjprecisely advprecision1 nprecision2 adjpredict vpredictable adjprediction npredominance npredominant adjpredominantly advpredominate vpreliminary1 adjpreliminary2 npresumably advpresume vpresumption nprevious adjpreviously advprimacy nprimarily advprimary1 adjprime1 adjprincipal1 adjprincipally advprinciple nprincipled adjprior1 adjprioritize vpriority1 nprocedural adjprocedure nproceed vproceeding nproceeds nprocess1 nprocess2 vprocessed adjprofessional1 adjprofessional2 nprofessionalism nprofessionally advprohibit vprohibition nprohibitive adjproject1 nproject2 vprojection npromote vpromoter npromotion nproportion1 nproportional adjproportionate adjprospect1 nprospective adjprotocol npsychological adjpsychologist npsychology npublication nAcademic Word List8publish v publisher n publishing n purchase1 v purchase2 n pursue v pursuit n qualitative adj quotation n quote1 v quote2 n radical1 adj radical2 n random adj range1 n range2 vratio n rational adj rationalism n rationalize v react v reaction n reactionary1 adj reactionary2 n reactivate v reactive adj reactor n readjust v reassess v reconstruct v reconstruction n recover v recovery n recreate v redistribute v redistribution n refine v refined adj refinement n regime n region n regional adj register1 n register2 v registration n regulate v regulation 1 n regulator n regulatory adj reinforce v reinforcement n reinvest v reject1 v rejection n relax v relaxation n release1 v release2 n relevant adjreliable adjreliance nreliant adjrelocate vreluctance nreluctant adjrely vremovable adjremoval nremove1 vremove2 nrequire vrequirement nreschedule vresearch1 nresearch2 vreside vresidence nresident1 nresident2 adjresidential adjresolution nresolve1 vresolve2 nresource1 nresource2 vresourceful adjrespond vrespondent nresponse nresponsive adjrestoration nrestore vrestored adjrestrain vrestraint nrestrict vrestricted adjrestriction nrestrictive adjrestructure vretain vretainer nretention nretentive adjreveal vrevealing adjrevelation nrevenue nreversal nreverse1 vreverse2 nreverse3 adjreversible adjrevise vrevision nrevolution nrevolutionary1 adjrevolutionary2 nrevolutionize vrigid adjrole nroute1 nroute2 vscenario nschedule1 nschedule2 vschematic adjscheme1 nscheme2 vscope1 nsection1 nsection2 vsector nsecure1 adjsecure2 vsecurely advsecurity nseek vselect1 vselect2 adjselection nselective adjselector nsequence nsequencing nsequential adjseries nsex1 nsexism nsexual adjsexuality nshift1 vshift2 nsignificant adjsignificantly advsignify vsimilar adjsimilarity nsimilarly advsimulate vsimulated adjsimulation nsite1 nsole1 adjsolely advsomewhat advsource1 nsource2 vspecific1 adjspecific2 nspecifically advspecification nspecify vsphere nspherical adjstability nstabilize vstable1 adjstatistic nstatistician nstatus nstraightforward adjstrategic adjstrategist nstrategy nstress1 nstress2 vstressed adjstressful adjstructural adjstructure1 nstructure2 vstructured adjstyle1 nstyle2 vstyling nstylish adjstylized adjsubmission nsubmit vsubordinate1 adjsubordinate2 nsubordinate3 vsubsequent adjsubsequently advsubsidiary2 adjsubsidize vsubsidy nsubstitute1 nsubstitute2 vsubstitution nsuccession nsuccessive adjsuccessor nsufficiency nsufficient adjsum1 nsum2 vsummarize vsummary1 nsummary2 adjsummation nsupplement1 nsupplement2 vsupplementary adjsurvey1 nsurvey2 vsurvival nsurvive vsurvivor nsuspend vsuspension nsustain vsustainable adjsustained adjsustenance nsymbol n。
AWL英语常用学术词汇表
AWL英语常用学术词汇表Sublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccess error parallelaccessed erroneous paralleledaccesses erroneously parallelledaccessibility errors parallellingaccessible ethnic parallelsaccessing ethnicity unparalleledinaccessible goal parameter adequate goals parametersadequacy grant phaseadequately granted phasedinadequacies granting phasesinadequacy grants phasinginadequate hence predictinadequately hypothesis predictability annual hypotheses predictable annually hypothesise predictably apparent hypothesised predicted apparently hypothesises predicting approximate hypothesising predictionapproximated hypothesize predictionsapproximately hypothesized predictsapproximates hypothesizes unpredictabilityapproximating hypothesizing unpredictableapproximation hypothetical principalapproximations hypothetically principally attitude implement prior attitudes implementation professional attribute implemented professionallyattributable implementing professionalsattributed implements professionalismattributes implicate projectattributing implicated projectedattribution implicates projecting civil implicating projection code implication projectionscoded implications projectscodes impose promotecoding imposed promoted commit imposes promotercommitment imposing promoterscommitments imposition promotescommits integrate promotingcommitted integrated promotioncommitting integrates promotionscommunicate integrating regimecommunicable integration regimescommunicated internal resolvecommunicates internalise resolutioncommunicating internalised resolvedcommunication internalises resolvescommunications internalising resolvingcommunicative internalize unresolvedcommunicatively internalized retainuncommunicative internalizes retained concentrate internalizing retainingconcentrated internally retainerconcentrates investigate retainersconcentrating investigated retainsconcentration investigates retention confer investigating retentive conference investigation seriesconferences investigations statisticconferred investigative statisticianconferring investigator statisticiansconfers investigators statistical contrast job statisticallycontrasted jobs statisticscontrasting label statuscontrastive labeled stresscontrasts labeling stressed cycle labelled stressescycled labelling stressfulcycles labels stressingcyclic mechanism unstressedcyclical mechanisms subsequentcycling obvious subsequently debate obviously sumdebatable occupy summationdebated occupancy summeddebates occupant summingdebating occupants sums despite occupation summary dimension occupational summariesdimensional occupations summarisedimensions occupied summarisedmultidimensional occupier summarises domestic occupiers summarising domestically occupies summarisationdomesticate occupying summarisationsdomesticated option summarizationdomesticating optional summarizationsdomestics options summarize emerge output summarizedemerged outputs summarizesemergence overall summarizingemergent undertakeemerges undertakenemerging undertakesundertakingundertook Sublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademy expand orientacademia expanded orientateacademic expanding orientatedacademically expands orientatesacademics expansion orientationacademies expansionism orientating adjust expansive orientedadjusted expose orientingadjusting exposed orientsadjustment exposes reorientadjustments exposing reorientationadjusts exposure perspectivereadjust exposures perspectivesreadjusted external precisereadjusting externalisation imprecisereadjustment externalise preciselyreadjustments externalised precisionreadjusts externalises prime alter externalising primacy alterable externality psychologyalteration externalization psychologicalalterations externalize psychologicallyaltered externalized psychologistaltering externalizes psychologistsalternate externalizing pursuealternating externally pursuedalters facilitate pursuesunalterable facilitated pursuingunaltered facilitates pursuit amend facilities pursuits amended facilitating ratioamending facilitation ratiosamendment facilitator rejectamendments facilitators rejectedamends facility rejecting aware fundamental rejectionawareness fundamentally rejectsunaware generate rejections capacity generated revenuecapacities generates revenuesincapacitate generating stableincapacitated generation instability challenge generations stabilisationchallenged image stabilisechallenger imagery stabilisedchallengers images stabiliseschallenges liberal stabilisingchallenging liberalise stabilization clause liberalism stabilize clauses liberalisation stabilized compound liberalised stabilizes compounded liberalises stabilizingcompounding liberalising stabilitycompounds liberalization unstable conflict liberalize styleconflicted liberalized styledconflicting liberalizes stylesconflicts liberalizing styling consult liberate stylishconsultancy liberated styliseconsultant liberates stylisedconsultants liberation stylisesconsultation liberations stylisingconsultations liberating stylizeconsultative liberator stylizedconsulted liberators stylizesconsults liberally stylizingconsulting liberals substitute contact licence substituted contactable licences substitutescontacted license substitutingcontacting licensed substitutioncontacts licensing sustain decline licenses sustainable declined unlicensed sustainabilitydeclines logic sustaineddeclining illogical sustaining discrete illogically sustains discretely logical sustenancediscretion logically unsustainablediscretionary logician symbolindiscrete logicians symbolicindiscretion margin symbolically draft marginal symbolise drafted marginally symbolisesdrafting margins symboliseddrafts medical symbolisingredraft medically symbolismredrafted mental symbolizeredrafting mentality symbolizedredrafts mentally symbolizes enable modify symbolizingenabled modification symbolsenables modifications targetenabling modified targeted energy modifies targeting energetic modifying targetsenergetically unmodified transitenergies monitor transited enforce monitored transiting enforced monitoring transitionenforcement monitors transitionalenforces unmonitored transitionsenforcing network transitory entity networked transits entities networking trend equivalent networks trends equivalence notion version evolve notions versions evolution objective welfareevolved objectively wheevolving objectivityevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstract enhance neutralabstraction enhanced neutralisationabstractions enhancement neutraliseabstractly enhances neutralisedabstracts enhancing neutralises accurate estate neutralising accuracy estates neutralityaccurately exceed neutralizationinaccuracy exceeded neutralizeinaccuracies exceeding neutralizedinaccurate exceeds neutralizes acknowledge expert neutralizing acknowledged expertise neverthelessacknowledges expertly overseasacknowledging experts precedeacknowledgement explicit precededacknowledgements explicitly precedence aggregate federal precedent aggregated federation precedesaggregates federations precedingaggregating fee unprecedentedaggregation fees presume allocate flexible presumablyallocated flexibility presumedallocates inflexible presumesallocating inflexibility presumingallocation furthermore presumptionallocations gender presumptions assign genders presumptuous assigned ignorant rationalassigning ignorance irrationalassignment ignore rationalisationassignments ignored rationalisationsassigns ignores rationalisereassign ignoring rationalisedreassigned incentive rationalisesreassigning incentives rationalisingreassigns incidence rationalismunassigned incident rationality attach incidentally rationalization attached incidents rationalizationsattaches incorporate rationalizeattaching incorporated rationalizedattachment incorporates rationalizesattachments incorporating rationallyunattached incorporation recover author index recoverableauthored indexed recoveredauthoring indexes recoveringauthors indexing recoversauthorship inhibit recovery bond inhibited revealbonded inhibiting revealedbonding inhibition revealingbonds inhibitions reveals brief inhibits revelationbrevity initiate revelationsbriefed initiated scopebriefing initiates subsidybriefly initiating subsidiarybriefs initiation subsidies capable initiations subsidisecapabilities initiative subsidisedcapability initiatives subsidisesincapable initiator subsidising cite initiators subsidizecitation input subsidizedcitations inputs subsidizescited instruct subsidizingciting instruction tapecites instructed taped cooperate instructing tapescooperated instructions tapingcooperates instructive tracecooperating instructor traceablecooperation instructors tracedcooperative instructs tracescooperatively intelligent tracingco-operate intelligence transformco-operated intelligently transformationco-operates unintelligent transformationsco-operation interval transformedco-operative intervals transformingco-operatively lecture transforms discriminate lectured transport discriminated lecturer transportationdiscriminates lecturers transporteddiscriminating lectures transporterdiscrimination lecturing transporters display migrate transportingdisplayed migrant transportsdisplaying migrants underliedisplays migrated underlay diverse migrates underlies diversely migrating underlyingdiversification migration utilisediversified migrations utilisationdiversifies migratory utiliseddiversify minimum utilisesdiversifying ministry utilisingdiversity ministered utiliser domain ministering utilisers domains ministerial utility edit ministries utilities edited motive utilizationediting motivate utilizeedition motivated utilizededitions motivates utilizeseditor motivating utilizingeditorial motivationeditorials motivationseditors motivesedits unmotivatedSublist 7 of the Academic Word Listadapt equip prohibitadaptability equipment prohibitedadaptable equipped prohibitingadaptation equipping prohibitionadaptations equips prohibitionsadapted extract prohibitiveadapting extracted prohibitsadaptive extracting publicationadapts extraction publications adult extracts quoteadulthood file quotationadults filed quotations advocate files quotedadvocacy filing quotesadvocated finite quotingadvocates infinite releaseadvocating infinitely released aid foundation releasesaided foundations releasingaiding globe reverseaids global reversalunaided globally reversed channel globalisation reverses channelled globalization reversiblechannelling grade reversingchannels graded reversals chemical grades irreversiblechemically grading simulatechemicals guarantee simulated classic guaranteed simulates classical guaranteeing simulatingclassics guarantees simulation comprehensive hierarchy sole comprehensively hierarchical solely comprise hierarchies somewhatcomprised identical submitcomprises identically submissioncomprising ideology submissions confirm ideological submits confirmation ideologically submittedconfirmed ideologies submittingconfirming infer successorconfirms inference succession contrary inferences successions contrarily inferred successive convert inferring successively conversion infers successorsconversions innovate surviveconverted innovation survivalconvertible innovated survivedconverting innovates survivesconverts innovating surviving couple innovations survivor coupled innovative survivorscoupling innovator thesiscouples innovators theses decade insert topicdecades inserted topical definite inserting topicsdefinitely insertion transmitdefinitive inserts transmissionindefinite intervene transmissionsindefinitely intervened transmitted deny intervenes transmitting deniable intervening transmitsdenial intervention ultimatedenials interventions ultimatelydenied isolate uniquedenies isolated uniquelydenying isolates uniquenessundeniable isolating visible differentiate isolation visibility differentiated isolationism visiblydifferentiates media invisibledifferentiating mode invisibilitydifferentiation modes voluntary dispose paradigm voluntarily disposable paradigms volunteerdisposal phenomenon volunteeringdisposed phenomena volunteereddisposes phenomenal volunteersdisposing prioritydynamic prioritiesdynamically prioritisationdynamics prioritiseeliminate prioritisedeliminated prioritiseseliminates prioritisingeliminating prioritizationelimination prioritizeempirical prioritizedempirically prioritizesempiricism prioritizingSublist 8 of the Academic Word Listabandon detect minimiseabandoned detectable minimisedabandoning detected minimisesabandonment detecting minimisingabandons detection minimize accompany detective minimized accompanied detectives minimizesaccompanies detector minimizingaccompaniment detectors nuclearaccompanying detects offsetunaccompanied deviate offsets accumulate deviated offsetting accumulated deviates paragraphaccumulating deviating paragraphingaccumulation deviation paragraphsaccumulates deviations plus ambiguous displace pluses ambiguities displaced practitionerambiguity displacement practitionersunambiguous displaces predominantunambiguously displacing predominance append drama predominantly appendix dramas predominateappended dramatic predominatedappends dramatically predominatesappending dramatise predominatingappendices dramatised prospectappendixes dramatising prospective appreciate dramatises prospects appreciable dramatisation radicalappreciably dramatisations radicallyappreciated dramatist radicalsappreciates dramatists randomappreciating dramatization randomlyappreciation dramatizations randomnessunappreciated dramatize reinforce arbitrary dramatized reinforced arbitrariness dramatizes reinforcementarbitrarily dramatizing reinforcements automate eventual reinforces automatic eventuality reinforcingautomated eventually restoreautomates exhibit restorationautomating exhibited restoredautomatically exhibiting restoresautomation exhibition restoring bias exhibitions revisebiased exhibits revisedbiases exploit revisesbiasing exploitation revisingunbiased exploited revision chart exploiting revisionscharted exploits schedulecharting fluctuate reschedulecharts fluctuated rescheduleduncharted fluctuates reschedules clarify fluctuating rescheduling clarification fluctuation scheduledclarified fluctuations schedulesclarifies guideline schedulingclarifying guidelines unscheduledclarity highlight tense commodity highlighted tension commodities highlighting tensely complement highlights tenser complementary implicit tensestcomplemented implicitly tensionscomplementing induce terminatecomplements induced terminal conform induces terminals conformable inducing terminatedconformability induction terminatesconformance inevitable terminatingconformation inevitability terminationconformed inevitably terminationsconforming infrastructure themeconformist infrastructures themesconformists inspect thematicconformity inspected thematicallyconforms inspecting therebynonconformist inspection uniformnonconformists inspections uniformitynonconformity inspector uniformlynon-conformist inspectors vehiclenon-conformists inspects vehiclesnon-conformity intense viacontemporary intensely virtualcontemporaries intenseness virtually contradict intensification visualcontradicted intensified visualisecontradicting intensifies visualisedcontradiction intensify visualisingcontradictions intensifying visualisationcontradictory intension visualizecontradicts intensity visualized crucial intensive visualizing crucially intensively visualization currency manipulate visually currencies manipulated widespread denote manipulatesdenotation manipulatingdenotations manipulationdenoted manipulationsdenotes manipulativedenotingSublist 9 of the Academic Word Listaccommodate diminish preliminaryaccommodated diminished preliminariesaccommodates diminishes protocolaccommodating diminishing protocolsaccommodation diminution qualitative analogy undiminished qualitativelyanalogies distort refineanalogous distorted refined anticipate distorting refinementanticipated distortion refinementsanticipates distortions refinesanticipating distorts refininganticipation duration relaxunanticipated erode relaxation assure eroded relaxedassurance erodes relaxesassurances eroding relaxingassured erosion restrainassuredly ethic restrainedassures ethical restrainingassuring ethically restrains attain ethics restraintattainable unethical restraintsattained format unrestrainedattaining formatted revolutionattainment formatting revolutionaryattainments formats revolutionariesattains found revolutioniseunattainable founded revolutionised behalf founder revolutionises bulk founders revolutionisingbulky founding revolutionist cease unfounded revolutionistsceased inherent revolutionizeceaseless inherently revolutionizedceases insight revolutionizesceasing insightful revolutionizing coherent insights revolutions coherence integral rigidcoherently intermediate rigiditiesincoherent manual rigidityincoherently manually rigidlycoincide manuals routecoincided mature routedcoincides immature routescoinciding immaturity routingcoincidence maturation scenariocoincidences maturational scenarioscoincident matured spherecoincidental matures spheres commence maturing spherical commenced maturity sphericallycommences mediate subordinatecommencement mediated subordinatescommencing mediates subordinationrecommences mediating supplementrecommenced mediation supplementaryrecommencing medium supplemented compatible military supplementing compatibility minimal supplementsincompatibility minimalisation suspendincompatible minimalise suspended concurrent minimalises suspending concurrently minimalised suspends confine minimalising suspension confined minimalist teamconfines minimalists teamedconfining minimalistic teamingunconfined minimalization teams controversy minimalize temporary controversies minimalized temporarilycontroversial minimalizes triggercontroversially minimalizing triggereduncontroversial minimally triggering converse mutual triggers conversely mutually unify device norm unificationdevices norms unified devote overlap unifiesdevoted overlapped unifyingdevotedly overlapping violatedevotes overlaps violateddevoting passive violatesdevotion passively violatingdevotions passivity violationportion violationsportions visionvisionsSublist 10 of the Academic Word Listadjacent depress ongoing albeit panel depressedassemble depresses panelledassembled depressing panellingassembles depression panelsencounter persist assembliesassembling encountered persistedassembly encountering persistence collapse encounters persistent enormous collapsed persistentlycollapses enormity persistingcollapsible enormously persistsforthcoming pose collapsingcolleague incline posedcolleagues inclination poses compile inclinations posing reluctance compilation inclinedcompilations inclines reluctantcompiled inclining reluctantlyintegrity so called compilesintrinsic straightforward compilingconceive undergo intrinsicallyinvoke conceivable undergoesconceivably undergoing invokedconceived invokes undergoneconceives underwent invokinglevy whereby conceivinginconceivable levieslikewise inconceivably convince nonetheless notwithstanding convinced convinces oddconvincing odds convincinglyunconvinced。
Academic Word List英语学术词汇
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesanalysis n.分析, 分解approach n.接近, vt.接近, vi.靠近area n.范围,面积, 地区, 空地assessment n.估价, 被估定的金额assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现authority n.权威, 威信, 权威人士, 权力, 职权, 典据, 著作权威available adj.可利用的,有空的, 接受探访的benefit n.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益concept n.观念, 概念consistent adj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的, [数、统]相容的constitutional adj.构成的, 增强体质的, 宪法的, 拥护宪法的context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约create vt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成data n.datum的复数, 资料, 数据definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度derived vt得到distribution n.分配，established adj.已制定的, 确定的estimate v.估计,评估n.估计, 评估evidence n.明显,明白, 迹象, 根据, [物]证据, 证物export vt. 输出n.出口货, factors n.因素, 要素, 因数, 代理人financial adj.财政的, 金融的formula n.公式, 规则, 客套语function n.官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数vi.(器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责identified vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样v.确定income n.收入, 收益, 进款, 所得indicate vt.指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明individualn.个人, 个体adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译involved adj.复杂难懂的issues n.问题,争论点labour n,劳动,努力legal adj.合法的legislation n.法律,法规major adj.主要的method n.方法,办法occur vi. 发生, 出现percent n.百分比, 百分数Period . n时期adj.过去某段时期的policy n.政策, 方针Principle n. 法则, 原则, 原理procedure n.程序, 手续process n. 过程vt.加工, 处理Required adj.必需的research n.研究, 调查vi.研究, 调查response n.回答, 响应, 反应role n.角色, 任务section n.部分, 断片, 部件, 节, 项, 区, 地域, 截面sector n.部分, 部门, [计]扇区, 地区, 象限, 扇形v.使分成部分, 把...分成扇形significant adj. 有意义的, 重大的, 重要的Similar adj. 相似的, 类似的source specific n.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的, 特效的, [生物]种的structure n.结构, 构造, 建筑物vt.建筑, 构成, 组织theory n. 理论, 学说Variables n.[数]变数, 可变物, 变量adj.可变的, 不定的, 易变的, [数]变量的Sublist 2 of Academic Word List –Second Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAchieve vt.完成Acquisition vt.收购Administration n.管理Affect vt. 影响Appropriate adj适当的, 恰当的aspects n. 粗暴, 粗鲁assistance n.帮助, 援助categories vt. 把…归类chapter n.章, 回, 篇commission n.授权, 委托vt.. 委任, 委托community n. 社区, 社会, 团体complex adj. 由许多部分组成的, 复合的compute n.估计估算conclusion n.信念，结尾conduct v. 控制, 管理consequences n. 重要(性), 重大construction n.建造, 建设; 建筑业consumer n.消费者, 顾客credit n.存款，借贷cultural adj.文化的, 与文化有关的design v.设计, 绘制n. 图样,目的distinction n.特征,区别，荣誉elements n. 原理,基础equation n. 方程式, 等式evaluation n.估价,评价features n. 容貌final adj最后的, 最终的focus vt. (使)集中, (使)聚集n. 焦点, 焦距; 中心impact n.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞v.对某事物有影响injury n. 伤害, 损害，受伤处institute vt.建立, 制定; investment n. 协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院items n.名目journal n.杂志, 期刊,日记maintenance n. 维持; 维护; 保养; 维修,赡养费normal adj. 正常的obtained n.获得participation n. 分享,参与perceived v.感知positive adj.确实的积极的potential adj.潜在的, 有可能的previous adj.先前的, 以前的primary ad.j首要的; 主要的; purchase n+vt购买range v. 一系列region n. 地区; 地带; 区域; 范围regulations n.规程; 规章; 守则; 条例relevant adj.有关的, 切题的resident adj.定居的; 常驻的n.居民，房客resources n.资源;资源restricted adj.限制的,禁止的security n. 安全, 抵押品sought seek的过去式和过去分词select vt. 选择; 挑选adj.精选的, 挑选出来的site n.位置, 场所, 地点.vt.使坐落在; 设置strategies n. 策略survey vt眺望; 纵览text n. 正文, 本文traditional adj.传统的, 惯例的transfer v. 转移; 迁移n. 转移; 转让; 转录Sublist 3 of Academic Word List –Third Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAlternative adj.两者选一的,供替代的circumstances n.环境，条件comments n.注解，注释compensation n.赔偿，补偿金components n.成分,组成部分consent n. 准许,同意considerable adj.相当大(或多)的constant adj.始终如一的,不断的constraints n.强制,约束contribution n.贡献,捐款物convention n.大会,惯例coordination n.协调,和谐core n.果核,核心corporate adj.社团的,法人的corresponding adj. 相当的, 对应的criteria n.标准deduction n.扣除,减除demonstrate v.说明,演示document n.公文,文件, dominant adj.占优势的emphasis n.强调,重点ensure v.确保,担保excluded v.排除,不包括在内framework n.构架,结构funds n.基金illustrated n.有插图的报章杂志immigration n.移民局检查站implies v.暗示,暗指initial adj.最初的,开头的instance n.例子,事例interaction n.一起活动,合作justification n,正当的理由layer n.层,层次link n.环,联系location n.位置,场所maximum adj.最大值的,最大量的minorities n.少数,小部分negative adj.拒绝的,怀疑的outcomes n.结果partnership n.合作关系philosophy n.哲学,人生哲学physical adj.身体的,物质的proportion n.均衡,相称published vt.出版,公布reaction n.反应,回应registered adj.已注册的. Reliance n.依靠,依耐Removed adj.离开的, Scheme n.阴谋,诡计Sequence n.有关联的一组事物Sex n.性别,性Shift n.转换,转变Specified v.详述,指定Sufficient adj.足够的.充足的Task n.工作,任务technical n.技术学院和学校techniques n.技巧,手法technology n.科技,工业技术validity n.有效,合法性volume n.卷,册,书卷Sublist 4 of Academic Word List –Fourth Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAccess n. 接近; 使用; 进入的权利, 接近的机会; 门路, 通道, 入口; 病菌的侵入; 允许进入一个电脑系统和/或接受资料(计算机用语) v. 取出; 接近; 使用emerge v. 浮现, 脱出, 形成output n.产量,输出,输出功率vt. 输出adequate adj. 足够的, 能满足需要的; 胜任的; 适当的; 差强人意的, 尚可的error n. 错误, 失误, 过失overall n. 工作裤; 防护服; 工作服; 罩衫adj. 从头到尾的; 总的, 全面的, 全部的adv. 从头到尾; 大体上; 总的来说annual n. 年鉴, 年刊; 一年生植物adj. 每年的; 一年一次的; 一年生的ethnic adj. 种族的; 人种学的paralleln. 平行, 相匹敌之物, 对比v. 与...平行, 相比, 与...相似adj. 平行的, 相似的apparent adj. 显然的; 外观上的goal n. 目标, 得分, 终点parameter n. 参数, 参量; 界限; 因素, 特征; 决定功能形式的变数approximate v. 近似, 接近; 大致估计; 使接近; 模拟; 近于adj. 近似的, 大约的granted conj. 假定; 就算phase n. 时期, 阶段, 局面v. 使调整相位, 实行, 逐步执行attitude n. 态度; 看法; 姿势hence adv. 因此; 从此predict v. 预言; 预报; 预料; 作预言; 作预报; 作预料attribute n. 属性; 标志, 象征; 特质, 特性; 定语v. 归于, 属于hypothesis n. 假设principal n. 校长, 本金, 首长adj. 主要的, 首要的, 重要的civil adj. 市民的, 有礼貌的, 公民的implementation n. 履行; 成就; 完成prior adj. 在先的, 在前的; 优先的, 更重要的; 居先的code n. 编码, 密码, 电码; 原密码, 编程语言命令的继位(计算机用语) v. 把...编码, 制成法典implication n. 含意, 暗示professional n. 专业人才adj. 专业的, 职业的commitment n. 托付, 交托; 下狱; 委任; 收监impose v. 征; 把...强加于; 加于; 利用; 施影响; 欺骗project n. 计划, 事业, 方案v. 计划, 投掷, 设计; 突出, 伸出; 投射communication n. 沟通, 交通; 通信integration n. 整合, 集成, 完成promote v. 晋升; 促进; 使升级; 发扬concentration n. 集中; 专心; 集合internal n. 本质, 本性; 内部器官, 内脏adj. 内在的; 国内的regime n. 政体,政权制度, 政权conference n. 会议; 协商会; 讨论会investigation n. 调查; 研究resolution n. 决心; 正式决定, 决议; 决定; 分解, 解析contrast n. 对比;差异;对照,相反,变化; 清晰度v. 使对比,使对照; 形成对照job n. 工作, 职业, 零活v. 做零工; 假公济私; 做股票经纪; 代客买卖; 承包; 批发retain v. 保持,保留cycle n.周期; 自行车; 循环v. 循环; 骑自行车; 轮转; 使循环; 使轮转label n.票;标签;商标; 签条, 一小条纸; 小名v. 贴标签于;分类; 指...为series n. 连续,丛书,系列debate n. 辩论, 讨论v. 辩论, 争论, 讨论; 思考; 参加辩论; 辩论, 争论, 讨论;思考, 盘算; 与...辩论mechanism n. 机械,结构,机构statistic n. 统计量; 统计数值adj. 统计的, 统计学的despite prep.不管.尽管obvious adj. 明显的, 显然的,明白的status n. 状态, 地位, 情形Dimension n.尺寸, 容积, 次元Occupational adj.职业的, 占领的Stress n. 重压, 压力, 逼迫v. 着重, 重读, 强调Domestic n.仆人, 佣人; 国货adj. 家庭的, 驯服的, 国内的Option n.选择权, 选项Subsequent adj. 后来的, 并发的Sum n.总数, 金额,和v.计算...的总和;概括; 总结; 概述summary n. 摘要,概要adj. 摘要的,简略的undertake v. 承担,许诺,担任Sublist 5 of Academic Word List –Fifth Most Frequent Words in Familiesacademic adj.学科的，理论的adjustment n.调整，适应alter v.变更amendmentn.改良，改正aware adj.机警的，觉察的capacity n.容量，资格challenge n/v.挑战clause n. 从句compounds v. 混合，增加conflict n/v.冲突consultation n.咨询contact v.联系decline v.拒绝，跌落discretion n.谨慎，明辨draft n/v.草稿，选拔enable v.使能够energy n.能量enforcement n.实施，强迫entities n.实体，本质equivalent adj/ n相等的，向等物evolution n.进化expansion n.扩大exposure n.暴露，曝光external adj.外在的facilitate v.使容易，促进fundamentaladj/ n.基本的generated a. 产生的generation n.一代，子孙image n.形象liberala.自由主义的licence n.执照logic n.逻辑marginal adj.边缘的medical adj.医药的mental adj.精神的modified adj.修饰的monitoring adj.监控的network n.人际关系notion n.想法，观念objective adj.客观的orientation n.东方，潮流perspective n/adj.远景/透视的precise adj.精确的prime n.首要的psychology n.心理学pursue v.追捕，从事ratio n.比率rejected adj.否定的revenue n.收入stability n.稳定性styles n.风格substitution n.代替sustainable adj.可维持的symbolic adj.象征的target n.目标transition n.转换trend n.趋势，倾向version n.翻译/说明/版本welfare n.福利whereas conj.虽然,但是Sublist 6 of Academic Word List –Sixth Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAbstract adj.抽象的accurate adj.精确的,准确的acknowledged n.答谢的表示aggregate n.〈正〉数, 总计vt. 总计达…v使)聚集allocation n. 配给, 分配, 拨出assigned n. 受托人,代理人attached adj.爱慕的, 关心的author n.著作家, 作者bond n. 联系, 关系. Vt. 使粘结,使结合brief adj.短暂的,短时间的capable adj有能力的, 有技能的cited v.引用。
(完整word版)ACADEMIC WORD LIST中文版本
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Familiesanalysis n.分析, 分解approach n.接近, vt.接近, vi.靠近area n.范围,面积, 地区, 空地assessment n.估价, 被估定的金额assume vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现authority n.权威, 威信, 权威人士, 权力, 职权, 典据, 著作权威available adj.可利用的,有空的, 接受探访的benefitn.利益, 好处vt.有益于, 有助于vi.受益concept n.观念, 概念consistentadj.一致的, 调和的, 坚固的, [数、统]相容的constitutionaladj.构成的, 增强体质的, 宪法的, 拥护宪法的context n.上下文, 文章的前后关系contractn.合同, 契约, 婚约v.使缩短, 感染, 订约createvt.创造, 创作, 引起, 造成data n.datum的复数, 资料, 数据definition n.定义, 解说, 精确度, (轮廓影像等的)清晰度derived vt得到distribution n.分配，established adj.已制定的, 确定的estimate v.估计,评估n.估计, 评估evidencen.明显,明白, 迹象,根据, [物]证据, 证物export vt.输出 n.出口货,factorsn.因素, 要素, 因数,代理人financialadj.财政的, 金融的formulan.公式, 规则, 客套语functionn.官能, 功能, 作用,职责, 典礼, 仪式, [数]函数vi.(器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责identifiedvt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样v.确定income n.收入, 收益,进款, 所得indicatevt.指出, 显示, 象征,预示, 需要, 简要地说明individualn.个人, 个体adj.个别的, 单独的,个人的interpretationn.解释, 阐明, 口译,通译n.解释, 阐明, 口译,通译involved adj.复杂难懂的issues n.问题,争论点labour n,劳动,努力legal adj.合法的legislation n.法律,法规major adj.主要的method n.方法,办法occur vi.发生, 出现percent n.百分比, 百分数Period .n时期 adj.过去某段时期的policy n.政策, 方针Principle n.法则, 原则, 原理proceduren.程序, 手续process n.过程vt.加工, 处理Required adj.必需的researchn.研究, 调查vi.研究,调查responsen.回答, 响应, 反应role n.角色, 任务sectionn.部分, 断片, 部件,节, 项, 区, 地域, 截面sectorn.部分, 部门, [计]扇区, 地区, 象限, 扇形v.使分成部分, 把...分成扇形significant adj.有意义的, 重大的, 重要的Similar adj.相似的, 类似的sourcespecificn.特效药, 细节adj.详细而精确的, 明确的, 特殊的, 特效的,[生物]种的structuren.结构, 构造, 建筑物vt.建筑, 构成, 组织theory n.理论, 学说Variablesn.[数]变数, 可变物,变量adj.可变的, 不定的,易变的, [数]变量的Sublist 2 of Academic Word List –Second Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAchieve vt.完成Acquisition vt.收购Administration n.管理Affect vt. 影响Appropriateadj适当的, 恰当的aspects n. 粗暴, 粗鲁assistance n.帮助, 援助categories vt. 把…归类chapter n.章, 回, 篇commission n.授权, 委托vt.. 委任, 委托community n. 社区, 社会, 团体complex adj. 由许多部分组成的, 复合的compute n.估计估算conclusion n.信念，结尾conduct v. 控制, 管理consequencesn. 重要(性), 重大constructionn.建造, 建设; 建筑业consumer n.消费者, 顾客credit n.存款，借贷cultural adj.文化的,与文化有关的design v.设计, 绘制n. 图样,目的distinctionn.特征,区别，荣誉elements n. 原理,基础equation n. 方程式,等式evaluation n.估价,评价features n. 容貌final adj最后的, 最终的focus vt. (使)集中,(使)聚集n. 焦点,焦距; 中心impact n.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞v.对某事物有影响injuryn. 伤害, 损害，受伤处institute vt.建立, 制定;investment n. 协会,学会; 学院, 研究院items n.名目journal n.杂志, 期刊,日记maintenance n. 维持;维护; 保养; 维修,赡养费normal adj. 正常的obtained n.获得participation n. 分享,参与perceived v.感知positive adj.确实的积极的potential adj.潜在的, 有可能的previous adj.先前的,以前的primary ad.j首要的;主要的;purchase n+vt购买range v. 一系列region n. 地区; 地带; 区域; 范围regulations n.规程;规章; 守则; 条例relevant adj.有关的,切题的resident adj.定居的;常驻的n.居民，房客resources n.资源;资源restricted adj.限制的,禁止的security n. 安全, 抵押品sought seek的过去式和过去分词select vt. 选择; 挑选adj.精选的, 挑选出来的site n.位置, 场所, 地点.vt.使坐落在; 设置strategies n. 策略survey vt眺望; 纵览text n. 正文, 本文traditional adj.传统的, 惯例的transfer v. 转移; 迁移n. 转移; 转让; 转录Sublist 3 of Academic Word List – Third Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAlternative adj.两者选一的,供替代的circumstances n.环境，条件comments n.注解，注释compensation n.赔偿，补偿金components n.成分,组成部分consent n. 准许,同意considerable adj.相当大(或多)的constant adj.始终如一的,不断的constraints n.强制,约束contribution n.贡献,捐款物convention n.大会,惯例coordination n.协调,和谐core n.果核,核心corporate adj.社团的,法人的corresponding adj. 相当的, 对应的criteria n.标准deduction n.扣除,减除demonstrate v.说明,演示document n.公文,文件, dominant adj.占优势的emphasis n.强调,重点ensure v.确保,担保excluded v.排除,不包括在内framework n.构架,结构funds n.基金illustrated n.有插图的报章杂志immigration n.移民局检查站implies v.暗示,暗指initial adj.最初的,开头的instance n.例子,事例interaction n.一起活动,合作justification n,正当的理由layer n.层,层次link n.环,联系location n.位置,场所maximum adj.最大值的,最大量的minorities n.少数,小部分negative adj.拒绝的,怀疑的outcomes n.结果partnership n.合作关系philosophy n.哲学,人生哲学physical adj.身体的,物质的proportion n.均衡,相称published vt.出版,公布reaction n.反应,回应registered adj.已注册的.Reliance n.依靠,依耐Removed adj.离开的,Scheme n.阴谋,诡计Sequence n.有关联的一组事物Sex n.性别,性Shift n.转换,转变Specified v.详述,指定Sufficient adj.足够的.充足的Task n.工作,任务technical n.技术学院和学校techniques n.技巧,手法technology n.科技,工业技术validity n.有效,合法性volume n.卷,册,书卷Sublist 4 of Academic Word List –Fourth Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAccess n. 接近; 使用; 进入的权利, 接近的机会; 门路, 通道,入口; 病菌的侵入; 允许进入一个电脑系统和/或接受资料 (计算机用语)v. 取出; 接近; 使用emergev. 浮现, 脱出, 形成outputn.产量,输出,输出功率vt. 输出adequate adj. 足够的, 能满足需要的; 胜任的; 适当的; 差强人意的, 尚可的error n. 错误, 失误, 过失overall n. 工作裤; 防护服; 工作服; 罩衫adj. 从头到尾的;总的, 全面的, 全部的adv. 从头到尾; 大体上; 总的来说annual n. 年鉴, 年刊; 一年生植物adj. 每年的; 一年一次的; 一年生的ethnicadj. 种族的; 人种学的paralleln. 平行, 相匹敌之物, 对比v. 与...平行, 相比, 与...相似adj. 平行的, 相似的apparent adj. 显然的; 外观上的goaln. 目标, 得分, 终点parametern. 参数, 参量; 界限;因素, 特征; 决定功能形式的变数approximatev. 近似, 接近; 大致估计; 使接近; 模拟;近于adj. 近似的, 大约的grantedconj. 假定; 就算phasen. 时期, 阶段, 局面v. 使调整相位, 实行,逐步执行attituden. 态度; 看法; 姿势henceadv. 因此; 从此predictv. 预言; 预报; 预料; 作预言; 作预报;作预料attribute n. 属性;标志, 象征; 特质, 特性; 定语v. 归于, 属于hypothesis n. 假设principaln. 校长, 本金, 首长adj. 主要的, 首要的, 重要的civil adj. 市民的,有礼貌的, 公民的implementationn. 履行; 成就; 完成prioradj. 在先的, 在前的; 优先的, 更重要的;居先的coden. 编码, 密码, 电码;原密码, 编程语言命令的继位 (计算机用语)v. 把...编码, 制成法典implicationn. 含意, 暗示professionaln. 专业人才adj. 专业的, 职业的commitmentn. 托付, 交托; 下狱;委任; 收监impose v. 征; 把...强加于; 加于; 利用; 施影响; 欺骗project n. 计划, 事业, 方案v. 计划, 投掷, 设计;突出, 伸出; 投射communicationn. 沟通, 交通; 通信integrationn. 整合, 集成, 完成promotev. 晋升; 促进; 使升级; 发扬concentration n. 集中; 专心; 集合internal n. 本质, 本性; 内部器官, 内脏adj. 内在的; 国内的regime n. 政体,政权制度, 政权conference n. 会议;协商会; 讨论会investigation n. 调查; 研究resolution n. 决心; 正式决定, 决议; 决定; 分解, 解析contrast n. 对比;差异;对照,相反,变化; 清晰度v. 使对比,使对照; 形成对照job n. 工作, 职业, 零活v. 做零工; 假公济私; 做股票经纪; 代客买卖; 承包; 批发retain v. 保持,保留cycle n.周期; 自行车; 循环v. 循环; 骑自行车;轮转; 使循环; 使轮转label n.票;标签;商标;签条, 一小条纸; 小名v. 贴标签于;分类;指...为seriesn. 连续,丛书,系列debaten. 辩论, 讨论v. 辩论, 争论, 讨论;思考; 参加辩论; 辩论,争论, 讨论;思考, 盘算; 与...辩论mechanismn. 机械,结构,机构statisticn. 统计量; 统计数值adj. 统计的, 统计学的despite prep.不管.尽管obvious adj. 明显的,显然的,明白的status n. 状态, 地位,情形Dimension n.尺寸, 容积, 次元Occupational adj.职业的, 占领的Stress n. 重压, 压力,逼迫v. 着重, 重读,强调Domestic n.仆人, 佣人;国货adj. 家庭的,驯服的, 国内的Option n.选择权, 选项Subsequent adj. 后来的, 并发的Sum n.总数, 金额,和v.计算...的总和;概括;总结; 概述summary n. 摘要,概要adj. 摘要的,简略的undertakev. 承担,许诺,担任Sublist 5 of Academic Word List – Fifth Most Frequent Words in Familiesacademic adj.学科的，理论的adjustment n.调整，适应alter v.变更amendmentn.改良，改正aware adj.机警的，觉察的capacity n.容量，资格challenge n/v.挑战clause n. 从句compounds v. 混合，增加conflict n/v.冲突consultation n.咨询contact v.联系decline v.拒绝，跌落discretion n.谨慎，明辨draft n/v.草稿，选拔enable v.使能够energy n.能量enforcement n.实施，强迫entities n.实体，本质equivalent adj/ n相等的，向等物evolution n.进化expansion n.扩大exposure n.暴露，曝光external adj.外在的facilitate v.使容易，促进fundamentaladj/ n.基本的generated a. 产生的generation n.一代，子孙image n.形象liberala.自由主义的licence n.执照logic n.逻辑marginal adj.边缘的medical adj.医药的mental adj.精神的modified adj.修饰的monitoring adj.监控的network n.人际关系notion n.想法，观念objective adj.客观的orientation n.东方，潮流perspective n/adj.远景/透视的precise adj.精确的prime n.首要的psychology n.心理学pursue v.追捕，从事ratio n.比率rejected adj.否定的revenue n.收入stability n.稳定性styles n.风格substitution n.代替sustainable adj.可维持的symbolic adj.象征的target n.目标transition n.转换trend n.趋势，倾向version n.翻译/说明/版本welfare n.福利whereas conj.虽然,但是Sublist 6 of Academic Word List – Sixth Most Frequent Words in FamiliesAbstract adj.抽象的accurate adj.精确的,准确的acknowledged n.答谢的表示aggregate n.〈正〉数, 总计vt. 总计达…v使)聚集allocation n. 配给, 分配, 拨出assignedn. 受托人,代理人attachedadj.爱慕的, 关心的author n.著作家, 作者bond n. 联系, 关系. Vt. 使粘结,使结合briefadj.短暂的,短时间的capableadj有能力的, 有技能的cited v.引用。
The_Academic_Word_List学术词汇表(中文释义)
Sublist 1•analyze [ˈænəlaiz] vt.〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释•constitute [ˈkɔnstitju:t] vt.构成, 组成建立, 制定选定, 任命•establish [isˈtæbliʃ] vt.建立, 成立安置确定, 证实•indicate [ˈindikeit] vt.标示, 指示, 指出象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性•occur [əˈkə:] vi.发生; 举行; 存在被发现; 想到[起]•role [rəul] n.作用, 职责角色•approach [əˈprəutʃ] n.靠近, 接近, 临近通路, 入口, 途径方式, 方法vt.接洽, 交涉; 着手处理vt. & vi.接近, 走近, 靠近•context [ˈkɔntekst] n.背景, 环境上下文, 语境•estimate [ˈestimeit] n.估计, 估价报价判断vt. & vi.估计; 评价, 评估•individual [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的独特的n.个人人•percent [pəˈsent] n.百分比,百分数•section [ˈsekʃən] n.章节部分部门, 科截面, 剖面地区, 区•area [ˈɛəriə] n.面积区域, 地区领域, 方面•contract [kənˈtrækt] n.契约, 合同vt.缔结; 订契约vt. & vi.染上(恶习, 疾病等)缩小; 紧缩•evident [ˈevidənt] adj.明显的, 明白的•interpret [inˈtə:prit] vt.解释; 说明vt. & vi.口译; 翻译•period [ˈpiəriəd] n.(一段)时间时期, 时代学时, 课时句号, 句点•sector [ˈsektə] n.部门; 领域防御地区, 防卫区域扇形, 扇形面•assess [əˈses] vt.估价, 估计评定, 核定•create [kriˈeit] vt.创造, 创作, 创建引起, 产生•export [eksˈpɔ:t] n.输出, 出口输出[出口]物vt. & vi.出口, 输出•involve [inˈvɔlv] vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要使参与, 牵涉•policy [ˈpɔləsi] n.政策, 方针策略, 精明的行为, 上策保险单•significant [siɡˈnifikənt] adj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的有意义的, 有用意的意味深长的•assume [əˈsju:m] vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想假装承担, 担任, 就职呈现, 采取•data [ˈdeitə] n.资料, 材料•factor [ˈfæktə] n.因素, 要素〈数〉因子, 因数•issue [ˈisju:] n.问题, 议题; 争论点发行物放出, 流出; 发出, 发行〈正〉结果, 结局vi.冒出, 流出; 传出vt.出版, 发行发表, 发布分配, 发给•principle [ˈprinsəpl] n.原则, 原理准则, 规范操守, 道义工作原理•similar [ˈsimilə] adj.类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的•authority [ɔ:ˈθɔriti] n.权力, 职权官方, 当局权威, 专家•define [diˈfain] vt.精确地解释; 界定规定, 确定•finance [faiˈnæns] n.财政, 金融财源, 资金, 财务情况vt.为…供给资金, 从事金融活动•labour [ˈleibə] n.劳动, 努力; 工作劳工, 工人分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛vi.劳动; 努力艰难行进•proceed [prəˈsi:d] vi.前进; 行进进行; 继续下去•source [sɔ:s] n.河流的源头, 发源地来源, 出处原因提供资料者, 资料来源•available [əˈveiləbl] adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的, 可与之交谈的•derive [diˈraiv] vt. & vi.得到源于•formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə] n.准则, 原则公式, 方程式配方•legal [ˈli:ɡəl] adj.法律上的; 合法的; 法定的•process [ˈprəuses] n.过程, 进程工序, 制作法vi.列队行进vt.加工; 处理•specific [spiˈsifik] adj.明确的, 确切的, 详尽的具体的, 特有的n.特效药具体方面, 细节•benefit [ˈbenifit] n.益处, 好处救济金, 保险金vt. & vi.有益于, 得益•distribute [disˈtribju:t] vt.分配, 分给散发; 散播; 分布•function [ˈfʌŋkʃən] n.功能; 作用;与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会vi.工作, 运行, 起作用•legislate [ˈledʒisleit] vt. & vi.立法; 制定法律•require [riˈkwaiə] vt.有赖于…; 需要命令, 指示要求, 规定想要•structure [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.结构, 构造有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物vt.组织; 安排; 构造; 制定•concept [ˈkɔnsept] n.概念; 观念; 想法•economy [iˈkɔnəmi] n.节约, 节省经济体制, 经济状况•identify [aiˈdentifai] vt.认出, 识别支持, 同情vt. & vi.等同于; 有关联•major [ˈmeidʒə] adj.较大的; 主要的; 严重的n.少校专业; 主修科目vi.〈美〉主修, 专攻•research [riˈsə:tʃ] n.研究; 探讨vi.做研究, 探究, 研究, 探讨vt.从事…的研究, 为…而做研究•theory [ˈθiəri] n.学说理论, 原理意见, 看法•consist [kənˈsist] vi.组成, 构成在于, 存在于•environment [inˈvaiərənmənt] n.环境, 周围状况, 自然环境•income [ˈinkəm] n.收入, 所得, 收益•method [ˈmeθəd] n.方法, 办法秩序, 条理•respond [riˈspɔnd] vi.有反应; 有效果; 有影响vt. & vi.回答; 回报; 响应•vary [ˈvɛəri] vi.呈现不同vt. & vi.(使)变化, 改变Sublist 2•achieve [əˈtʃi:v] vt.取得, 获得实现, 达到, 完成•community [kəˈmju:niti] n.社区, 社会, 团体大众, 公众共有, 共享•design [diˈzain] n.图样, 设计图设计, 布局目的, 打算vt.计划, 筹划vt. & vi.设计, 绘制•institute [ˈinstitju:t] n.协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院vt.建立, 制定; 开始, 着手•potential [pəˈtenʃəl] adj.潜在的, 有可能的n.潜力, 潜势, 可能性•restrict [risˈtrikt] vt.限制; 约束•acquire [əˈkwaiə] vt.获得, 得到, 养成•complex [ˈkɔmpleks] adj.由许多部分组成的, 复合的复杂的, 难懂的n.综合体, 集合体〈心〉情结, 夸大的情绪反应•distinct [disˈtiŋkt] adj.截然不同的, 完全分开的清晰的, 明白的, 明显的•invest [inˈvest] vt.授予vt. & vi.投资; 花费•previous [ˈpri:viəs] adj.先前的, 以前的过早的, 过急的•secure [siˈkjuə] adj.牢固的; 可靠的有把握的; 确切的vt.握紧; 关牢使安全(使)获得; 把…弄到手•administer [ədˈministə] vt.管理, 支配给予执行, 实施•compute [kəmˈpju:t] vt.计算, 估算•element [ˈelimənt] n.(化学)元素成分, 要素, 原件一伙人基础, 纲要, 原理•item [ˈaitəm] n.一项, 一件, 一条; 项目•primary [ˈpraiməri] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最初的; 初级的•seek [si:k] vi.企图; 试图vt.请求, 征求; 求教vt. & vi.寻找; 探寻•affect [əˈfekt] vt.影响感动假装•conclude [kənˈklu:d] vt.得出结论; 断定决定vt. & vi.结束•equate [iˈkweit] vt.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿•journal [ˈdʒə:nl] n.杂志, 期刊日志, 日记•purchase [ˈpə:tʃəs] n.购买, 购置买到的东西vt.购买•select [siˈlekt] adj.精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的, 选择严格的vt.选择; 挑选•appropriate [əˈprəupriit] adj.适当的, 恰当的vt.挪用; 占用; 盗用拨出(款项)•conduct [kənˈdʌkt] n.举止, 行为管理(方式), 实施(方式) vt. & vi.引导, 带领, 担任指挥, 管理传导•evaluate [iˈvæljueit] vt.评价, 估计, 估价•maintain [meinˈtein] vt.保持; 继续保养, 维护坚持; 主张供给; 赡养•range [reindʒ] n.一系列变化幅度, 范围射程, 距离(山)脉vi.变化vt.排列•site [sait] n.位置, 场所, 地点vt.使坐落在; 设置•aspect [ˈæspekt] n.方面方位, 朝向面貌, 模样, 神态•consequent [ˈkɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的•feature [ˈfi:tʃə] n.特征, 特色面貌, 相貌特写, 专题节目(电影的)正片, 故事片•normal [ˈnɔ:məl] adj.正常的, 平常的正规的; 标准的•region [ˈri:dʒən] n.地区; 地带; 区域; 范围•strategy [ˈstrætidʒi] n.战略学, 兵法战略, 策略策略, 计谋•assist [əˈsist] vt. & vi.帮助, 促进•construct [kənˈstrʌkt] vt.修建, 建立构成, 组成•final [ˈfainəl] adj.最后的, 最终的决定性的, 确定性的n.决赛(大学的)期终考试•obtain [əbˈtein] vi.通行; 流行vt.获得, 得到; 买到•regulate [ˈreɡjuleit] vt.控制, 管理调整; 调节•survey [səˈvei] n.调查vt.眺望; 纵览测量; 勘察检查, 鉴定通盘考虑, 回顾•category [ˈkætiɡəri] n.种类, 类别•consume [kənˈsju:m] vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽大吃, 大喝烧毁, 毁灭•focus [ˈfəukəs] n.焦点, 焦距; 中心vt. & vi.(使)集中, (使)聚集调整(镜头, 眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清•participate [pɑ:ˈtisipeit] vt. & vi.参加, 参与•relevant [ˈreləvənt] adj.有关的, 切题的•text [tekst] n.正文, 本文原文, 全文教科书, 课本•chapter [ˈtʃæptə] n.章, 回, 篇•credit [ˈkredit] n.赊购;贷款赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳信任, 相信学分vt.相信, 信任把…记入贷方, 存入(账户) •impact [ˈimpækt] n.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞vt. & vi.对某事物有影响•perceive [pəˈsi:v] vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解•reside [riˈzaid] vi.居住; 定居•tradition [trəˈdiʃən] n.传统惯例•commission [kəˈmiʃən] n.授权, 委托委员会佣金, 回扣vt.委任, 委托•culture [ˈkʌltʃə] n.文化休养, 教养, 精神文明养殖, 培养, 栽培vt.培植, 培养•injure [ˈindʒə] vt.伤害, 损害•positive [ˈpɔzitiv] adj.确实的, 明确的积极的; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的, 阳性的完全的; 纯粹的n.〈语〉原级形容词确实; 正量, 正数正片•resource [riˈsɔ:s] n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智; 机敏; 创造精神•transfer [trænsˈfə:] n.转移; 转让; 转录中转, 换乘, 改变路线vt.转让vt. & vi.转移; 迁移Sublist 3•alternative [ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv] adj.两者择一的, 供替代的不寻常的, 非传统性的非正统的n.取舍, 抉择, 可供选择的事物选择的余地, 可供选择的机会•convene [kənˈvi:n] vt. & vi.召开, 召集•emphasis [ˈemfəsis] n.强调, 重点•interact [ˌɪntərˈækt] vi.相互作用[影响], 互相配合•philosophy [fiˈlɔsəfi] n.哲学人生哲学, 人生观达观•sex [seks] n.性别; 性男性; 女性性关系性活动, 性行为•circumstance [ˈsə:kəmstəns] n.环境, 条件, 情况境遇, 经济状况•coordinate [kəuˈɔ:dineit] adj.同等的, 并列的n.〈数〉坐标vt.使协调; 使调和•ensure [inˈʃuə] vt.确保, 担保担保获得[避免]•justify [ˈdʒʌstifai] vt.证明…有理; 为…辩护•physical [ˈfizikəl] adj.身体的, 肉体的，物质的，物理学的n.身体检查, 体格检查•shift [ʃift] n.转换, 转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋, 手段切换键vi.快速行进vt. & vi.改变, 变换, 转移, 移动去掉; 摆脱掉换挡•comment [ˈkɔment] n.评论, 意见, 解释, 批评vt. & vi.评论; 谈论•core [kɔ:] n.果核核心, 精髓, 要点•exclude [iksˈklu:d] vt.排除; 不包括在内•layer [ˈleiə] n.层, 层次•proportion [prəˈpɔ:ʃən] n.均衡; 相称, 协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系; 比例部分; 份儿•specify [ˈspesifai] vt.详述指定•compensate [ˈkɔmpenseit] vt. & vi.补偿, 报酬•corporate [ˈkɔ:pərit] adj.社团的, 法人的•framework [ˈfreimwə:k] n.构架; 结构•link [liŋk] n.环, 联系, 纽带vt. & vi.连接, 联系•publish [ˈpʌbliʃ] vt. & vi.出版公布•sufficient [səˈfiʃənt] adj.足够的; 充足的•component [kəmˈpəunənt] n.成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件•correspond [ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd] vi.相符合, 相一致相当, 相类似通信•fund [fʌnd] n.基金, 专款现款; 资金储备, 蕴藏vt.为…提供资金, 给…拨款•locate [ləuˈkeit] vt.找出, 指出(地点或位置) vt. & vi.(在…)设置, 坐落于•react [riˈækt] vi.起反应; 有影响反对; 对抗•task [tɑ:sk] n.工作; 任务; 差事•consent [kənˈsent] n.准许, 同意, 赞成vi.同意; 赞成•criteria [kraɪˈtɪərɪə] n.标准•illustrate [ˈiləstreit] vt.给…加插图说明, 阐明; 表明•maximise [ˈmæksimaiz] vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物)•register [ˈredʒistə] n.登记(表), 注册(簿)记录器, 调风器vt. & vi.记录; 登记; 注册，注意到, 记住•technical [ˈteknikəl] adj.技术的; 应用科学的艺术的,要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的•considerable [kənˈsidərəbl] adj.相当大(或多)的•deduce [diˈdju:s] vt.推论, 演绎•immigrate [ˈimiɡreit] vi.移入•minor [ˈmainə] adj.较小的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的n.未成年人副修科目•rely [riˈlai] vi.信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠•technique [tekˈni:k] n.技巧, 手法, 技术技能•constant [ˈkɔnstənt] adj.始终如一的, 恒久不变的不断的, 连续发生的忠实的, 忠诚的•demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit] vi.举行示威游行(或集会) vt.说明, 演示论证, 证明显示, 表露•imply [imˈplai] vt.暗示, 暗指必然包含•negate [niˈɡeit] vt.取消, 使无效否定; 否认•remove [riˈmu:v] vi.迁移; 移居vt.移走; 排除开除•technology [tekˈnɔlədʒi] n.科技(总称); 工艺; 应用科学工业技术•constrain [kənˈstrein] vt.强迫, 强使; 限制, 约束•document [ˈdɔkjumənt] n.公文, 文件, 文献vt.证明记录, 记载•initial [iˈniʃəl] adj.最初的, 开头的•outcome [ˈautkʌm] n.结果•scheme [ski:m] n.阴谋, 诡计计划, 方案vt. & vi.策划; 图谋•valid [ˈvælid] adj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的•contribute [kənˈtribjut] vi.起促成作用vt. & vi.捐献, 捐助, 贡献出撰稿, 投稿•dominate [ˈdɔmineit] vt.耸立于, 俯临vt. & vi.控制, 支配, 统治在…中占首要地位•instance [ˈinstəns] n.例子, 实例•partner [ˈpɑ:tnə] n.伙伴, 同伙, 合伙人, 股东同伴, 搭档配偶, 情人vt.做…的搭档•sequence [ˈsi:kwəns] n.有关联的一组事物, 一连串先后次序, 顺序, 连续•volume [ˈvɔlju:m] n.卷, 册, 书卷体积; 容积, 容量音量, 响度Sublist 4•access [ˈækses] n.通道, 入口接近[取得]…的方法[权利等] vt.存取(计算机文件)•communicate [kəˈmju:nikeit] vi.通讯; 交际, 交流相连; 相通vt. & vi.传达; 表达•error [ˈerə] n.错误过失, 失误•internal [inˈtə:nəl] adj.内部的国内的, 内政的体内的•parallel [ˈpærəlel] adj.(指至少两条线)平行的类似的; 相对应的n.平行线[面]极相似的人[事物]类似(点), 相似(之处)比较纬线, 纬圈vt.与…平行; 与…相当•resolve [riˈzɔlv] vt.(指委员会或集会)表决解决(问题、疑问等)分解, 解析(某物) vt. & vi.决定; 决心•adequate [ˈædikwit] adj.充分的, 足够的适当的, 胜任的•concentrate [ˈkɔnsəntreit] vt.浓缩vt. & vi.专心于; 注意集中, 聚集•ethnic [ˈeθnik] adj.种族的, 部落的某文化群体的•investigate [inˈvestiɡeit] vt.调查; 审查•parameter [pəˈræmitə] n.(限定性的)因素, 特性, 界限〈物〉〈数〉参量, 参数•retain [riˈtein] vt.保持; 保留止住; 容纳•annual [ˈænjuəl] adj.每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的n.一年生植物年刊, 年报, 年鉴•confer [kənˈfə:] vi.〈拉〉商谈, 商议vt.授予, 赋予•goal [ɡəul] n.球门进球得的分努力的对象, 目标•job [dʒɔb] n.职业, 职位(一件)工作职责, 责任•phase [feiz] n.阶段, 时期(月亮、行星的)位相vt.分阶段计划[安排]•series [ˈsiəri:z] n.连续的同类事物, 系列串联•apparent [əˈpærənt] adj.显然的, 明白的, 清晰可见的表面上的, 貌似(真实)的•contrast [ˈkɔntræst] n.对比, 对照差异, 差别对照物, 明显的对比物vt. & vi.对比, 对照•grant [ɡrɑ:nt] n.补助金, 助学金, 津贴vt.准许; 答应给予承认•label [ˈleibəl] n.标签, 标记称号; 符号; 标示vt.贴标签于把…列为•predict [priˈdikt] vt. & vi.预言; 预测; 预示•statistic [stəˈtistik] adj.统计的,统计学的n.统计量•approximate [əˈprɔksimit] adj.近似的, 大约的vt. & vi.近似, 接近•cycle [ˈsaikl] n.循环, 周期自行车, 摩托车vi.骑自行[摩托]车•hence [hens] adv.从此时起, 从此处因此, 所以•mechanism [ˈmekənizəm] n.机械装置构造, 机制办法, 技巧, 途径•principal [ˈprinsəpəl] adj.最重要的; 主要的n.负责人, 校长资本, 本金被代理人, 委托人•status [ˈsteitəs] n.身份, 地位情形, 状况•attitude [ˈætitju:d] n.态度, 看法姿态, 姿势•debate [diˈbeit] n.讨论, 辩论vt. & vi.辩论, 争论•hypothesis [haiˈpɔθisis] n.假说, 假设, 前提•obvious [ˈɔbviəs] adj.明显的; 显而易见的•prior [ˈpraiə] adj.优先的; 在前的; 较早的•stress [stres] n.压力, 紧张强调, 重要性重力重音vt.重读强调•attribute [əˈtribju:t] n.属性, 特性vt.认为…是; 归因于…认为某作品出自某人之手认为某事•despite [disˈpait] prep.不管, 尽管•implement [ˈimplimənt] n.工具, 器具, 用具vt.使生效, 贯彻, 执行•occupy [ˈɔkjupai] vt.占领; 占有使从事; 使忙于•professional [prəˈfeʃənəl] adj.职业的, 专业的，内行的n. 专业人士内行, 专家专门职业者, 职业选手•subsequent [ˈsʌbsikwənt] adj.随后的, 继…之后的•civil [ˈsivl] adj.公民的, 平民的; 非军职的, 非宗教的;民用的民事的, 民法的文明的, 有教养的•dimension [diˈmenʃən] n.尺寸, 度量方面, 部分规模, 程度•implicate [ˈimplikeit] vt.牵连, 涉及•option [ˈɔpʃən] n.选择(的自由)可选择的办法附件, 配件买卖选择权, 期权•project [prəˈdʒekt] n.项目, 计划, 方案, 课题vt.规划抛; 投; 射vt. & vi.伸出, 突出; 表达特点•sum [sʌm] n.总数, 总和金额算术vt. & vi.合计总结, 归纳•code [kəud] n.法典, 法规, 章程密码, 电码代号, 编码vt.将…译成电码•domestic [dəˈmestik] adj.本国的, 国内的家庭的, 家用的驯养的•impose [imˈpəuz] vi.利用, 占便宜; 欺骗vt.强迫, 强加课税, 惩罚•output [ˈautput] n.产量输出, 输出功率•promote [prəˈməut] vt.提升, 提拔筹划, 发起, 创立推销〈正〉促进; 推动; 增进•summary [ˈsʌməri] adj.即刻的, 立即的匆忙的, 草率的概括的; 简要的n.摘要, 概要•commit [kəˈmit] vt.犯罪; 犯错承诺; 使自己受约束托付; 交付•emerge [iˈmə:dʒ] vi.出现; 显出; 暴露•integrate [ˈintiɡreit] vt.使结合成为整体vt. & vi.(使)融入•overall [ˈəuvərɔ:l] adj.总体的; 全面的; 综合的全面考虑的adv.大体上, 总的来说一切包括在内, 全部的n.长罩衣工装裤; 工作裤•regime [reiˈʒi:m] n.政治制度, 政权, 政体•undertake [ˌʌndəˈteik] vt.担任, 承揽; 保证着手, 开始Sublist 5•academy [əˈkædəmi] n.专科学校研究院, 学会•consult [kənˈsʌlt] vt.请教, 咨询; 找(医生)诊治翻阅, 查阅顾及, 考虑vt. & vi.商议, 商量•evolve [iˈvɔlv] vt. & vi.演变; 进化•licence [ˈlaisəns] n.许可证, 执照许可, 特许放纵, 放肆•orient [ˈɔ:riənt] n.东方, 亚洲vt.使熟悉, 使适应使朝向; 使确定位置•style [stail] n.风格, 格调; 文体行为方式, 作风种类, 类型; 流行式样; 款式风度; 格调; 气派•adjust [əˈdʒʌst] vt. & vi.(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正•contact [ˈkɔntækt] n.接触联系, 联络, 交往社会关系, 熟人, 门路触点, 接头vt. & vi.联系•expand [iksˈpænd] vt. & vi.使…变大, 扩大, 扩张伸展, 伸开, 张开, 展开•logic [ˈlɔdʒik] n.逻辑(学), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法•perspective [pəˈspektiv] n.远景, 景前途; 希望透视透视图观点, 想法•substitute [ˈsʌbstitju:t] vt. & vi.代替, 替换, 代用•alter [ˈɔ:ltə] vt. & vi.改变, 更改•decline [diˈklain] n.下降, 减少, 衰退vi.(太阳)落下vt. & vi.辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)•expose [iksˈpəuz] vt.曝光暴露; 显露揭露, 袒露•margin [ˈmɑ:dʒin] n.页边空白边, 边缘差数, 差额; 余地•precise [priˈsais] adj.精确的, 准确的恰好的; 正是的周密的, 细密的, 精细的•sustain [səˈstein] vt.承受, 支撑维持长期保持; 使继续经受, 遭受•amend [əˈmend] vt. & vi.改良; 修改, 修订•discrete [disˈkri:t] adj.分离的, 不相关联的•external [eksˈtə:nl] adj.外面的, 外部的外观的, 表面的外国的•medical [ˈmedikəl] adj.医学的, 医疗的, 医术的内科的•prime [praim] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最好的, 第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好, 使完成准备工作事先指导, 事先向…提供情况•symbol [ˈsimbəl] n.象征, 标志符号, 记号•aware [əˈwɛə] adj.意识到的, 知道的•draft [drɑ:ft] n.草稿, 草案, 草图，汇票，应召入伍者; 特遣队vt.起草, 画草图, 草拟选派, 征召入伍•facilitate [fəˈsiliteit] vt.使便利, 减轻…的困难•mental [ˈmentl] adj.精神的, 头脑的, 心理的, 智力的精神病的•psychology [saiˈkɔlədʒi] n.心理学心理; 心理特点•target [ˈtɑ:ɡit] n.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物•capacity [kəˈpæsiti] n.容量, 容积才能, 能力身份, 职位•enable [iˈneibl] vt.使能够; 提供做…的权利[措施]使可能•fundamental [ˌfʌndəˈmentəl] adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的n.基本原则, 基本法则•modify [ˈmɔdifai] vt.修饰vt. & vi.修改, 更改•pursue [pəˈsju:] vt.追捕, 追击追求继续; 从事, 经营•transit [ˈtrænsit] n.搬运; 载运; 运输•challenge [ˈtʃælindʒ] n.挑战, 邀请比赛怀疑, 质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验•energy [ˈenədʒi] n.活力, 干劲, 能力精力〈物〉能, 能量, 能源•generate [ˈdʒenəreit] vt.生成, 产生引起, 导致•monitor [ˈmɔnitə] n.监视器, 监听器; 检测器(学校)班长; 纠察员vt.监听, 监视监测, 检测•ratio [ˈreiʃiəu] n.比, 比率•trend [trend] n.趋势, 倾向流行•clause [klɔ:z] n.从句(法律文件等的)条款•enforce [inˈfɔ:s] vt.实施, 执行强迫, 迫使•generation [ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] n.同时代的人, 一代人, 一代产生, 发生•network [ˈnetwə:k] n.网状物(电视与计算机)网络, 网状系统广播网, 电视网•reject [riˈdʒekt] n.被拒货品, 不合格产品vt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回舍弃, 排斥, 退掉•version [ˈvə:ʃən] n.(个人对事件的)描述, 说法, 看法版本, 形式译本, 剧本•compound [ˈkɔmpaund] n.复合物, 化合物，院子, (围起来的)场地vt.使混合,使严重; 使恶化•entity [ˈentiti] n.实体, 独立存在体, 实际存在物•image [ˈimidʒ] n.形象, 概念镜像, 影像, 图像印象酷似的人[物], 翻版比喻, 引喻, 外表, 模样•notion [ˈnəuʃən] n.概念, 观念, 看法突然的念头, 奇想; 意图, 打算•revenue [ˈrevənju:] n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收•welfare [ˈwelfɛə] n.健康, 幸福, 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)•conflict [ˈkɔnflikt] n.战斗, 斗争冲突, 抵触, 争论vi.抵触, 冲突•equivalent [iˈkwivələnt] adj.相等的, 相当的•liberal [ˈlibərəl] adj.心胸宽阔的, 无偏见的慷慨的, 大方的开放的; 主张变革的自由的, 不拘一格的n.宽容大度的人自由主义者•objective [əbˈdʒektiv] adj.客观的; 不带偏见的n.目标; 目的•stable [ˈsteibl] adj.稳定的; 安定的沉稳[持重]的•whereas [hwɛərˈæz] conj.但是, 而Sublist 6•abstract [ˈæbstrækt] adj.抽象的抽象派的n.抽象, 抽象概念, 抽象性抽象派艺术作品摘要, 梗概vt.提取, 抽取做…的摘要•capable [ˈkeipəbl] adj.有能力的, 有技能的•exceed [ikˈsi:d] vi.(在数量、质量上)突出, 领先vt.超过; 超越•incidence [ˈinsidəns] n.发生率, 影响范围•migrate [maiˈɡreit] vi.迁移; 移往•recover [riˈkʌvə] vi.恢复健康(体力、能力等) vt.恢复; 重新获得, 找回〈正〉恢复(适当的状态或位置) •accurate [ˈækjurit] adj.精确的, 准确的正确无误的•cite [sait] vt.引用, 举例表彰, 嘉奖传唤, 传讯•expert [ˈekspə:t] adj.专家的, 内行的, 熟练的n.专家, 能手•incorporate [inˈkɔ:pəreit] vt.包含, 加上, 吸收把…合并, 使并入组成公司•minimum [ˈminiməm] adj.最低的, 最小的n.最低限度, 最小量•reveal [riˈvi:l] vt.显示; 露出泄露; 透露•acknowledge [əkˈnɔlidʒ] vt.承认, 供认告知已收到鸣谢, 感谢•cooperate [kəuˈɔpəreit] vi.合作; 配合, 协助•explicit [iksˈplisit] adj.详述的, 明确的, 明晰的直言的, 毫不隐瞒的, 露骨的•index [ˈindeks] n.索引标志, 象征; 量度(物价或工资的)指数〈数〉指数, 幂vt.给…编索引, 指示出•ministry [ˈministri] n.(政府的)部•scope [skəup] n.余地, 机会(处理、研究事务的)范围•aggregate [ˈæɡriɡit] n.〈正〉数, 总计vt.总计达… vt. & vi.(使)聚集•discriminate [disˈkrimineit] vi.歧视, 有差别地对待vt. & vi.分别, 辨别, 区分•federal [ˈfedərəl] adj.联邦(制)的联邦政府的•inhibit [inˈhibit] vt.阻止; 抑制•motive [ˈməutiv] n.动机, 目的•subsidy [ˈsʌbsidi] n.补贴, 津贴, 补助金•allocate [ˈæləkeit] vt.分配, 分派把…拨给•display [disˈplei] n.陈列, 展览陈列的货物、艺术品等vt.陈列, 展览显示, 显露•fee [fi:] n.费, 酬金•initiate [iˈniʃieit] vt.开始, 着手传授; 使初步了解接纳新成员, 让…加入•neutral [ˈnju:trəl] adj.中立的, 不偏不倚的，中性的，不带电的n.(汽车或其他机器的)空挡，中立人士•tape [teip] n.带子录音磁带; 录像带vt.用带子捆起来vt. & vi.录音•assign [əˈsain] vt.分配; 交给指派, 选派指定, 订出•diverse [daiˈvəs] adj.不同的, 多种多样的•flexible [ˈfleksəbl] adj.易弯曲的, 柔韧的灵活的, 可变通的•input [ˈinput] n.输入, 投入〈电〉输入端输入的数据vt.把…输入电脑•nevertheless [ˌnevəðəˈles] adv.仍然, 然而, 不过conj.尽管如此, 然而•trace [treis] n.踪迹; 痕迹; 形迹极微的量vt.追踪; 追溯发现; 找到描绘; 标出vt. & vi.缓慢而困难地书写•attach [əˈtætʃ] vt. & vi.贴上; 系; 附上•domain [dəuˈmein] n.范围, 领域版图, 领土地产, 产业•furthermore [ˈfə:ðəˌmɔ:] adv.而且, 此外•instruct [inˈstrʌkt] vt.命令, 指示教, 指导通知•overseas [ˌəuvəˈsi:z] adj.(在)海外的, (在)国外的(向或来自)外国的adv.在[向]海外; 在[向]国外•transform [trænsˈfɔ:m] vt. & vi.改变•author [ˈɔ:θə] n.著作家, 作者创造者, 创始人; 发起人•edit [ˈedit] vt.剪辑(电影、录音磁带、无线电或电视节目、书等) vt. & vi.编辑•gender [ˈdʒendə] n.〈语〉性•intelligent [inˈtelidʒənt] adj.聪明的; 理解力强的•precede [ˌpriˈsi:d] vt. & vi.在…之前, 先于•transport [trænsˈpɔ:t] vt.运送; 流放使万分激动•bond [bɔnd] n.联系, 关系连接, 接合, 结合有息债券合同, 契约, 票据vt.使粘结, 使结合•enhance [inˈhɑ:ns] vt.提高, 增加, 加强•ignorant [ˈiɡnərənt] adj.无知的, 愚昧的•interval [ˈintəvəl] n.间隔时间幕间休息•presume [priˈzju:m] vi.冒昧地做某事; 错用自作主张, 放肆vt.以为; 假定•underlie [ˌʌndəˈlai] vt.位于或存在于(某物)之下构成…的基础(或起因); 引起•brief [bri:f] adj.短暂的, 短时间的简洁的, 简短的n.概要, 摘要vt.向…介绍基本情况, 作…的摘要•estate [isˈteit] n.土地, 地区庄园, 种植园地产, 财产; 遗产•incentive [inˈsentiv] n.激励某人做某事的事物; 刺激; 诱因, 动机•lecture [ˈlektʃə] n.演讲; 讲课冗长的训斥[谴责] vt.责备, 教训, 训斥vt. & vi.(向…)演讲; (给…)讲课•rational [ˈræʃənl] adj.神智清楚的理性的; 理智的; 合理的; 出于理性的•utilize [ˈju:tilaiz] vt.利用, 使用Sublist 7•adapt [əˈdæpt] vt.改编, 改写vt. & vi.(使)适应, (使)适合•contrary [ˈkɔntrəri] adj.相反的, 相违的n.相反, 反面, 对立面•empirical [emˈpirikəl] adj.以观察或实验为依据的•identical [aiˈdentikəl] adj.同一的•phenomenon [fiˈnɔminən] n.现象特殊的人[事物]•submit [səbˈmit] vi.屈服, 认输vt.提交, 呈递〈正〉建议, 主张, 申辩•adult [ˈædʌlt] adj.成熟的成年人的, 适宜于成年人的n.成年的人或动物•convert [kənˈvə:t] vt. & vi.(使)转变, (使)转化皈依, 改变(信仰)•equip [iˈkwip] vt.装备, 配备使有能力, 使胜任•ideology [ˌaidiˈɔlədʒi] n.思想(体系), 思想意识•priority [praiˈɔriti] n.优先权, 重点优先考虑的事•successor [səkˈsesə] n.接替的人或事物, 继任者, 继承人•advocate [ˈædvəkeit] n.提倡者, 拥护者辩护律师, 辩护人vt.提倡, 主张•couple [ˈkʌpl] n.一对, 一双一些, 几个夫妻, 情侣vt.连接, 联结, 联系•extract [iksˈtrækt] n.摘录, 引用提炼物, 浓缩物vt.(费力地)拔出, 抽出提取, 榨出•infer [inˈfə:] vt.推断, 推知•prohibit [prəˈhibit] vt.禁止; 阻止•survive [səˈvaiv] vi.幸存, 活下来vt.比…活得长, 经历…之后还存在•aid [eid] n.帮助, 援助, 救助助手, 辅助物, 辅助手段vt.帮助, 援助•decade [ˈdekeid] n.十年, 十年间•file [fail] n.文件夹, 公文箱卷宗, 文件; 计算机文件纵列vi.排成纵队前进vt.把…归档提交(申请等), •innovate [ˈinəuveit] vi.改革, 创新•publication [ˌpʌbliˈkeiʃən] n.发表, 公布出版, 刊行, 发行出版物, 书刊•thesis [ˈθi:sis] n.论题, 命题, 论点论文, 毕业(或学位)论文•channel [ˈtʃænl] n.海峡通道; 水沟, 水渠渠道, 途径频道•definite [ˈdefinit] adj.明确的, 确切的一定的, 肯定的•finite [ˈfainait] adj.有限的, 有限度的〈语〉限定的•insert [inˈsə:t] n.添入物(尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图) vt.插入, 嵌入•quote [kwəut] vt.提到…以支持某论点报(价); 开(价) vt. & vi.引用, 援引•topic [ˈtɔpik] n.题目, 论题, 话题•chemical [ˈkemikəl] adj.化学的n.化学药品•deny [diˈnai] vt.否认知情拒绝•foundation [faunˈdeiʃən] n.建立, 设立, 创办基础, 基本原理, 根据地基基金(会)•intervene [ˌɪntəˈvi:n] vi.干涉, 干预; 调解干扰, 阻碍•release [riˈli:s] n.释放, 排放, 解除释放令公映的新影片, 发布的新闻[消息] vt.释放; 放开发布; 发行;发售•transmit [trænzˈmit] vt.传播, 传染传导vt. & vi.发射, 播送, 广播•classic [ˈklæsik] adj.(著作, 赛事等)最优秀的, (可作)典范的(病例等)典型的, 标准的(衣服, 设计等)传统式样的, 典雅的(因为时已久)著名的; 传统的n.文豪, 大艺术家; 文学名著, 经典作品,典范•differentiate [ˌdifəˈrenʃieit] vi.区别对待vt. & vi.区分, 区别, 辨别•globe [ɡləub] n.地球, 世界球体; 球状物地球仪•isolate [ˈaisəleit] vt.使隔离, 使孤立, 使脱离•reverse [riˈvə:s] adj.相反的, 颠倒的, 反向的n.反面[背面]失败, 挫败vt. & vi.(使)反转; (使)颠倒; •ultimate [ˈʌltimit] adj.最后的, 最终的基本的, 根本的最大的, 极限程度的•comprehensive [ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] adj.广泛的, 综合的•dispose [disˈpəuz] vt.布置使愿意或准备做vt. & vi.处理; 处置•grade [ɡreid] n.(官阶、质量)等级, 品级, 阶段, 程度，分数, 评分等级，技巧水平，年级;•media [ˈmi:djə] n.媒体•simulate [ˈsimjuleit] vt.假装模仿, 模拟•unique [ju:ˈni:k] adj.独一无二的, 仅有的, 惟一的异常的, 特有的, 少见的•comprise [kəmˈpraiz] vt.包含, 包括, 由…组成组成, 构成•dynamic [daiˈnæmik] adj.有活力的, 强有力的不断变化的动力的, 动态的•guarantee [ˌɡærənˈti:] n.保证, 保障; 保证书; 担保人担保品, 抵押品vt.保证; 担保使(事情)发生•mode [məud] n.方式, 样式样式, 风格•sole [səul] adj.单独的, 惟一的专有的, 独占的•visible [ˈvizəbl] adj.看得见的, 可见的, 有形的明显的, 可察觉到的•confirm [kənˈfə:m] vt.证实, 证明; 肯定, 确认使巩固, 加强批准; 认可•eliminate [iˈlimineit] vt.消除, 排除忽略淘汰〈口〉干掉•hierarchy [ˈhaiərɑ:ki] n.等级制度统治集团, 领导层•paradigm [ˈpærədaim] n.(一词的)词形变化表范例; 样式; 模范•somewhat [ˈsʌmhwɔt] adv.稍微, 有点, 达到某种程度•voluntary [ˈvɔləntəri] adj.自愿的, 志愿的义务的, 无偿的Sublist 8•abandon [əˈbændən] n.放任; 纵情vt.离弃, 丢弃遗弃, 抛弃放弃•clarify [ˈklærifai] vt. & vi.使清楚; 澄清•deviate [ˈdi:vieit] vi.偏离; 越轨•induce [inˈdju:s] vt.引诱, 劝导〈正〉引起, 导致•plus [plʌs] adj.正的比所示数量多的附加的, 称心的, 有利的n.加号, 正号prep.(表示包容)外加; 另有(表示运算)加, 加上(表示数目)在零(度)以上, 正•tense [tens] adj.拉紧的肌肉绷紧的神经紧张的n.〈语〉(动词的)时态vt.(使某人或某物)变得紧张•accompany [əˈkʌmpəni] vt.陪伴, 陪同伴随…同时发生伴奏•commodity [kəˈmɔditi] n.商品, 货物有用的东西•displace [disˈpleis] vt.替换, 取代移走•inevitable [inˈevitəbl] adj.不可避免的, 必然发生的〈非正〉总会发生的, 照例必有的, 惯常的•practitioner [prækˈtiʃənə] n.习艺者, 实习者从业者(尤指医师)•terminate [ˈtə:mineit] vt. & vi.结束; 使终结•accumulate [əˈkju:mjuleit] vt. & vi.堆积; 积累•complement [ˈkɔmplimənt] n.补充, 互为补充的东西需要的或允许的数额补足语vt.补足, 补充•drama [ˈdrɑ:mə] n.戏剧, 剧本戏剧文学[艺术]戏剧性事件[场面]•infrastructure [ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə] n.基础设施; 基础结构•predominant [priˈdɔminənt] adj.占主导地位的, 显著的•theme[θi:m] n.主题, 主旨, 题目•ambiguous [æmˈbiɡjuəs] adj.引起歧义的; 模棱两可的, 含糊不清的•conform [kənˈfɔ:m] vi.遵守, 符合顺应, 一致•eventual [iˈventjuəl] adj.(事件)最终发生的; 结果的•inspect [inˈspekt] vt.检查, 检验视察•prospect [ˈprɔspekt] n.景象, 景色前景; 前途可能成为主顾的人; 有希望的候选人vi.勘探; 勘察•thereby [ˈðɛəbai] adv.由此; 因而•append [əˈpend] vt.附加•contemporary [kənˈtempərəri] adj.当代的同时代的, 同属一个时期的n.同代人, 同龄人•exhibit [iɡˈzibit] n.展览品, 陈列品在法庭提出的证物vt.显示, 显出vt. & vi.陈列; 展览•intense [inˈtens] adj.强烈的, 剧烈的; 极端的热情的, 热切的紧张的, 认真的•radical [ˈrædikəl] adj.根本的, 基本的; 彻底的, 完全的激进的, 激进派的•uniform [ˈju:nifɔ:m] adj.全都相同的, 一律的, 清一色的n.制服。
(完整版)TheAcademicWordList学术词汇表
The Academic Word List 学术词汇表这是由美国院校总结的，在学术论文中使用率最高，最有用的500个词汇。
熟练掌握和应用此词汇表中的单词，可以使你的遣词造句更标准，更书面化。
对于写作发表英文文章会有很大帮助。
The Academic Word List学术词汇表Useful academic vocabulary is contained in the Academic Word List, which is divided into10 sublists in order of frequency, ie Sublist 1 has the most frequent academic words.You can try to learn these words from the lists but to learn to use them correctly you need to study them in context.Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in FamiliesThis sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.analysis definition indicate procedure approach derived individual process area distribution interpretation required assessment economic involved research assume environment issues response authority established labour role available estimate legal section benefit evidence legislation sector concept export major significantconsistent factors method similar constitutional financial occur source context formula percent specific contract function period structurecreate identified policy theory data income principle variableSublist 2achieve categories conduct distinctionacquisition chapter consequenceselementsadministration commission construction equation affect community consumer evaluationappropriate complex credit featuresaspects computer cultural finalassistance conclusion design focusimpact obtained range soughtinjury participation region selectinstitute perceived regulations siteinvestment positive relevant strategiesitems potential resident surveyjournal previous resources textmaintenance primary restricted traditionalnormal purchase security transfeSublist 3alternative criteria interaction registeredcircumstances deduction justification reliance comments demonstrate layer removedcompensation document link scheme components dominant location sequence consent emphasis maximum sex considerable ensure minorities shift constant excluded negative specifiedconstraints framework outcomes sufficient contribution funds partnership taskconvention illustrated philosophy technical coordination immigration physical techniquescore implies proportion technologycorporate initial published validitycorresponding instance reaction volumeSublist 4access contrast implementation overalladequate cycle implications parallelannual debate imposed parametersapparent despite integration phaseapproximated dimensions internal predictedattitudes domestic investigation principalattributed emerged job priorcivil error label professionalcode ethnic mechanism projectcommitment goals obvious promotecommunication granted occupational regime concentration hence option resolutionconference hypothesis output retainedseries status subsequent summarystatistics stress sum undertakenSublist 5academic enable licence pursueadjustment energy logic ratio alter enforcement marginal rejectedamendment entities medical revenue aware equivalent mental stabilitycapacity evolution modified styles challenge expansion monitoring substitutionclause exposure network sustainablecompounds external notion symbolicconflict facilitate objective targetconsultation fundamental orientation transition contact generated perspective trend decline generation precise versiondiscretion image prime welfaredraft liberal psychology whereasSublist 6abstract diversity incidence neverthelessaccurate domain incorporated overseasacknowledged edition index precedingaggregate enhanced inhibition presumptionallocation estate initiatives rationalassigned exceed input recoveryattached expert instructions revealedauthor explicit intelligence scopebond federal interval subsidiarybrief fees lecture tapescapable flexibility migration tracecited furthermore minimum transformationcooperative gender ministry transportdiscrimination ignored motivation underlyingdisplay incentive neutral utilitySublist 7adaptation converted extract innovationadults couple file insertadvocate decades finite interventionaid definite foundation isolatedchannel deny global mediachemical differentiation grade mode classical disposal guarantee paradigmcomprehensive dynamic hierarchical phenomenon comprise eliminate identical priority confirmed empirical ideology prohibitedcontrary equipment inferred publicationquotation solely survive ultimatelyrelease somewhat thesis uniquereverse submitted topicvisiblesimulation successive transmission voluntary Sublist 8abandon accompanied accumulation ambiguousappendix appreciation arbitrary automaticallybias chart clarity conformitycommodity complement contemporary contradictioncrucial currency denote detecteddeviation displacement dramatic eventuallyexhibit exploitation fluctuations guidelineshighlighted implicit induced inevitablyinfrastructure inspection intensity manipulationminimised nuclear offset paragraphplus practitioners predominantly prospectradical random reinforced restorerevision schedule tension terminationtheme thereby uniform vehiclevia virtually widespread visual。
《英语常用学术词汇表》
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalysea nalyseda nalysera nalysersa nalysesa nalysinga nalysisa nalysta nalystsa nalytica nalyticala nalyticallya nalyzea nalyzeda nalyzesa economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdilegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesnalyzingapproacha pproachablea pproacheda pproachesa pproachingu napproachableareaa reasassessa ssessablea ssesseda ssessesa ssessinga ssessmenta ssessmentsr eassessr eassessedr eassessingr eassessmentu nassessedassumea ssumeda ssumesa sestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledssuminga ssumptiona ssumptionsauthoritya uthoritativea uthoritiesavailablea vailabilityu navailablebenefitb eneficialb eneficiaryb eneficiariesb enefitedb enefitingb enefitsconceptc onceptionc onceptsc onceptualc onceptualisationc onceptualisec onceptualisedc onceptualisesunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersc onceptualisingc onceptuallyconsistc onsistedc onsistencyc onsistentc onsistentlyc onsistingc onsistsi nconsistenciesi nconsistencyi nconsistentconstitutec onstituenciesc onstituencyc onstituentc onstituentsc onstitutedc onstitutesc onstitutingc onstitutionc onstitutionsc onstitutionalfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlyc onstitutionallyc onstitutiveu nconstitutionalcontextc ontextsc ontextualc ontextualisec ontextualisedc ontextualisingu ncontextualisedc ontextualizec ontextualizedc ontextualizingu ncontextualized contractc ontractedc ontractingc ontractorc ontractorsc ontractscreatec reatedc reatesc entifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticsignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredreatingc reationc reationsc reativec reativelyc reativityc reatorc reatorsr ecreater ecreatedr ecreatesr ecreatingdatadefined efinabled efinedd efinesd efiningd efinitiond efinitionsr edefiner edefinedr edefinesrindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolverestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantedefiningu ndefinedderived erivationd erivationsd erivatived erivativesd erivedd erivesd erivingdistributed istributedd istributingd istributiond istributionald istributionsd istributived istributord istributorsr edistributer edistributedr edistributesr edistributingrinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallyvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingedistributionSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachieved achievement achievements achievesachievingacquireacquired acquires acquiring acquisitionacquisitions administrateadministrates administration administrations administrative administratively administrator distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilyadministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalspurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity focusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryunregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictcompute computationcomputational computations computable computer computed computerised computerscomputing concludeconcluded concludes concluding conclusion conclusions conclusive conclusively inconclusiveinconclusively conductconducted conducting injuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsinrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityseekseekingseekssoughtconducts consequentconsequence consequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructing construction constructions constructive constructs reconstruct reconstructed reconstructing reconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumed consumer consumers consumes consuming consumption vestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnoselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextscredit creditedcrediting creditor creditorscredits culturecultural culturally cultured culturesuncultured designdesigned designer designers designing designs rmalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainabletextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstance emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalcircumstancescommentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpuconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrained constraining constrainsconstraint constraintsunconstrained contributecontributed contributes contributing contributioncontributions contributorcontributors conveneconventionfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyblisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersdeconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators core instanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinkregistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematiccorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablylinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesdemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipsspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessed accesses accessibility accessible accessinginaccessible adequate adequacy adequately inadequacies inadequacy inadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximated errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizeparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionapproximatelyapproximates approximating approximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributable attributed attributes attributingattribution civilcodecodedcodescodingcommit commitment commitments commits committedcommitting communicatehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratespredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionscommunicablecommunicated communicates communicating communication communications communicative communicativelyuncommunicative concentrateconcentrated concentrates concentratingconcentration conferconference conferences conferred conferringconfers contrast contrasted contrastingintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabelregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstresscontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatable debateddebatesdebatingdespite dimensiondimensional dimensionsmultidimensional domestic domestically domesticate domesticated domesticatingdomestics emergelabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedemergedemergence emergent emerges emergingoutputsoverallsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjusted expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisereadjustingreadjustment readjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterations alteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamendsawareawarenessunaware externalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygeneratepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuescapacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengers challengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancy consultantconsultantsconsultation generatedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdrafts liberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallystylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolving marginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectivesymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolvesevolutionary evolutionist evolutionists objectively objectivitySublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstraction abstractions abstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracy accurately inaccuracy inaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledged acknowledges acknowledging acknowledgementacknowledgements aggregate enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentaggregatedaggregates aggregatingaggregation allocateallocated allocates allocating allocationallocations assignassigned assigning assignment assignments assigns reassign reassigned reassigning reassignsunassigned attachattachedfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizations。
学术词汇表1-10Academic Word List
Academic Word ListIntroductionThe Academic Word List (AWL) was developed by Averil Coxhead at the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies The list contains 570 word families which were selected because they appear with great frequency in a broad range of academic texts. The list does not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words of English (the General Service List), thus making itspecific to academic contexts. The AWL was primarily made so that it could be used by teachers as part of a program preparing learners for tertiary level study or used by students working alone to learn the words most needed to study at colleges and universities.T he 570 words are divided into 10 sublists. The sublists are ordered such that the words in the first sublist are the most frequent words and those in the last sublist are the least frequent.ListSublist 1sector• available• financial• process• individual• specific• principle• estimate• variables• method• data• research• contract• environment• export• source• assessment• policy• identified• create• derived• factors• procedure• definition• assume• theory• benefit•evidence• established• authority• major• issues• labour• occur• economic• involved• percent• interpretation• consistent• income• structure• legal• concept• formula• section• required• constitutional• analysis• distribution• function• area• approach• role• legislation • indicate• response• period• context• significant• similar•Sublist 2community• resident• range• construction• strategies• elements• previous• conclusion• security• aspects• acquisition• features• text• commission• regulations• computer• items• consumer• achieve• final• positive• evaluation• assistance• normal• relevant• distinction• region• traditional• impact• consequences• chapter• equation• appropriate• resources• participation• survey• potential• cultural• transfer• select• credit• affect• categories• perceived• sought• focus• purchase• injury• site• journal• primary• complex• institute• investment• administration• maintenance• design• obtained• restricted• conduct•Sublist 3comments• convention• published• framework• implies• negative• dominant• illustrated• outcomes• constant• shift• deduction• ensure• specified• justification• funds• reliance• physical• partnership• location• link• coordination• alternative• initial• validity• task• techniques• excluded• consent• proportion• demonstrate• reaction• criteria• minorities• technology• philosophy• removed• sex• compensation• sequence• corresponding• maximum• circumstances• instance• considerable• sufficient• corporate• interaction• contribution• immigration• component• constraints• technical• emphasis• scheme• layer• volume• document• registered• core•Sublist 4overall• emerged• regime• implementation• project• hence• occupational• internal• goals • retained• sum• integration• mechanism• parallel• imposed• despite• job• parameters• approximate• label• concentration• principal• series• predicted• summary• attitudes• undertaken• cycle• communication• ethnic• hypothesis• professional• status• conference• attributed• annual• obvious• error• implications• apparent• commitment• subsequent• debate• dimensions• promote• statistics• option• domestic•output• access• code• investigation• phase• prior• granted• stress• civil• contrast• resolution• adequate•Sublist 5alter• stability• energy• aware• licence• enforcement• draft• styles• precise• medical• pursue• symbolic• marginal• capacity• generation• exposure• decline• academic• modified • external• psychology• fundamental• adjustment• ratio• whereas• enable• version• perspective• contact• network• facilitate• welfare• transition• amendment• logic• rejected • expansion• clause• prime• target• objective• sustainable• equivalent• liberal• notion• substitution• generated• trend• revenue• compounds• evolution• conflict• image• discretion• entities• orientation• consultation• mental• monitoring• challenge•Sublist 6intelligence• transformation• presumption• acknowledged• utility• furthermore• accurate• diversity• attached• recovery• assigned• tapes• motivation• bond• edition• nevertheless• transport• cited• fees• scope• enhanced• incorporated• instructions• subsidiary• input• abstract• ministry• capable• expert• preceding• display• incentive• inhibition• trace• ignored• incidence• estate• cooperative• revealed• index• lecture• discrimination• overseas• explicit• aggregate• gender• underlying• brief• domain• rational• minimum•interval• neutral• migration• flexibility• federal• author• initiatives• allocation• exceed•Sublist 7intervention• confirmed• definite• classical• chemical• voluntary• release• visible• finite• publication• channel• file• thesis• equipment• disposal• solely• deny• identical• submitted• grade• phenomenon• paradigm• ultimately• extract• survive• converted• transmission• global• inferred• guarantee• advocate• dynamic• simulation• topic• insert• reverse• decades• comprise• hierarchical• unique• comprehensive• couple• mode• differentiation• eliminate• priority• empirical• ideology• somewhat• aid• foundation• adults• adaptation• quotation• contrary• media• successive• innovation• prohibited• isolated•Sublist 8highlighted• eventually• inspection• termination• displacement• arbitrary• reinforced• denote• offset• exploitation• detected• abandon• random• revision• virtually• uniform• predominantly• thereby• implicit• tension• ambiguous• vehicle• clarity• conformity• contemporary• automatically• accumulation• appendix• widespread• infrastructure• deviation• fluctuations• restore• guidelines• commodity• minimises• practitioners• radical• plus• visual• chart• appreciation• prospect• dramatic• contradiction• currency• inevitably• complement• accompany• paragraph• induced• schedule• intensity• crucial• via• exhibit• bias• manipulation• theme• nuclear•Sublist 9bulk• behalf• unified• commenced• erosion• anticipated• minimal• ceases• vision• mutual • norms• intermediate• manual• supplementary• incompatible• concurrent• ethical• preliminary• integral• conversely• relaxed• confined• accommodation• temporary• distorted• passive• subordinate• analogous• military• scenario• revolution• diminished• coherence• suspended• mature• assurance• rigid• controversy• sphere• mediation• format • trigger• qualitative• portion• medium• coincide• violation• device• insights• refine• devoted• team• overlap• attained• restraints• inherent• route• protocol• founded• duration•Sublist 10whereby• inclination• encountered• convinced• assembly• albeit• enormous• reluctant• posed• persistent• undergo• notwithstanding• straightforward• panel• odd• intrinsic• compiled• adjacent• integrity• forthcoming• conceived• ongoing• so-called• likewise• nonetheless• levy• invoked• colleagues• depression• collapse•。
《英语常用学术词汇表》
《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来，最常用的有570个词目(headwords)，每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。
其中斜体字，analysis，在学术英语中最为常见。
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessment economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatinglegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentageassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessedassumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailablebenefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistency estimationestimationsover-estimate overestimateoverestimated overestimates overestimating underestimate underestimated underestimates underestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidently exportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancing formulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedpercentages periodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiods policypolicies principleprincipledprinciplesunprincipled proceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceeds processprocessedprocessesprocessing requirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiring researchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearching respondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreate reformulating reformulation reformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiable incomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicators individualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividuals interpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretingresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsive rolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectors significantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifying similardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecifics structurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredrecreatedrecreatesrecreatingdatadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingredistributioninterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallystructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieve distinct participateachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachievingacquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassisteddistinctiondistinctions distinctive distinctively distinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequations evaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluation featurefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatory perceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptions positivepositively potentialpotentially previouspreviously primaryprimarily purchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasing rangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregions regulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationcategorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusivelyfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityconductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigninginvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainableseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstraining emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativephilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryconstrains constraint constraints unconstrained contribute contributed contributes contributing contribution contributions contributor contributors convene convention convenes convened convening conventional conventionally conventions unconventional coordinate coordinated coordinates coordinating coordination coordinator coordinators co-ordinate co-ordinated co-ordinates co-ordinating co-ordination co-ordinator co-ordinators core cores coring cored corporate corporates corporation corporations correspond immigrate immigrant immigrants immigrated immigrates immigrating immigration imply implied implies implying initial initially instance instances interact interacted interacting interaction interactions interactive interactively interacts justify justifiable justifiably justification justifications justified justifies justifying unjustified layer layered layering layers link linkage linkages linked linking links locate located reactions reactive reactivate reactivation reactor reactors register deregister deregistered deregistering deregisters deregistration registered registering registers registration relyreliability reliable reliably reliance reliant relied relies relying unreliable remove removable removal removals removed removes removing scheme schematic schematically schemed schemes scheming sequence sequenced sequences sequencing sequentialcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdomination locating locationlocations relocate relocated relocates relocating relocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminors negatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegatives outcomeoutcomes partnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipssequentially sexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecified sufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficiently tasktaskstechnicaltechnically techniquetechniques technologytechnologicaltechnologically validinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattribution civilcodecodedcodescodingcommitcommitmentcommitments errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotescommitscommittedcommittingcommunicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicativeconcentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentrationconferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensions integrate integrated integrates integrating integration internal internalise internalised internalises internalising internalize internalized internalizes internalizing internally investigate investigated investigates investigating investigation investigations investigative investigator investigators job jobs label labeled labeling labelled labelling labels mechanism mechanisms obvious obviously occupy occupancy occupant occupants occupation occupational occupations occupied promoting promotion promotions regime regimes resolve resolution resolved resolves resolving unresolved retain retained retaining retainer retainers retains retention retentive series statistic statistician statisticians statistical statistically statistics status stress stressed stresses stressful stressing unstressed subsequent subsequently sum summation summed summing sums summary summaries summarise summarisedmultidimensional domestic domestically domesticate domesticated domesticating domestics emerge emerged emergence emergentemergesemerging occupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummarises summarising summarisation summarisations summarization summarizations summarize summarized summarizes summarizing undertake undertaken undertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademy academia academic academically academics academies adjust adjusted adjusting adjustment adjustments adjusts readjust readjusted readjusting readjustment readjustments readjusts alter alterable alteration alterations altered altering alternate expand expanded expanding expands expansion expansionism expansive expose exposed exposes exposing exposure exposures external externalisation externalise externalised externalises externalising externality externalization externalize externalized externalizes externalizing orientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientation perspectiveperspectives preciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologically psychologist psychologists pursuealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamendsawareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contact externallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacility fundamentalfundamentally generategeneratedgeneratesgenerating generationgenerations imageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberals licencepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejections revenuerevenues stableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizing substitutesubstitutedcontactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolves licences licenselicensed licensing licenses unlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogicians marginmarginalmarginallymargins medicalmedically mentalmentalitymentally modifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodified monitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitored networknetworkednetworkingnetworks notionnotions objectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysubstitutessubstitutingsubstitution sustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainable symbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbols targettargetedtargetingtargets transittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransits trendtrends versionversions welfarewheevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstract abstraction abstractions abstractly abstracts accurate accuracy accurately inaccuracy inaccuracies inaccurate acknowledge acknowledged acknowledges acknowledging acknowledgement acknowledgements aggregate aggregated aggregates aggregating aggregation allocate allocated allocates allocating allocation allocations assign assigned assigning assignment assignments assigns reassign reassigned reassigning enhance enhanced enhancement enhances enhancing estate estates exceed exceeded exceeding exceeds expert expertise expertly experts explicit explicitly federal federation federations fee fees flexible flexibility inflexible inflexibility furthermore gender genders ignorant ignorance ignore ignored ignores ignoring incentive incentives neutralneutralisation neutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralising neutralityneutralization neutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizing neverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedented presumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptions presumptuous rationalirrationalrationalisation rationalisations rationaliserationalised rationalises rationalisingreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapablecitecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operates incidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformationsco-operation co-operative co-operatively discriminate discriminated discriminates discriminating discrimination display displayed displaying displays diverse diversely diversification diversified diversifies diversify diversifying diversity domain domains edit edited editing edition editions editor editorial editorials editors edits intervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturerlecturerslectureslecturingmigratemigrantmigrantsmigratedmigratesmigratingmigrationmigrationsmigratoryminimumministryministeredministeringministerialministriesmotivemotivatemotivatedmotivatesmotivatingmotivationmotivationsmotivesunmotivated transformed transforming transforms transport transportation transported transporter transporters transporting transports underlie underlay underlies underlying utilise utilisation utilised utilises utilising utiliser utilisers utility utilities utilization utilize utilized utilizes utilizingSublist 7 of the Academic Word Listadaptadaptabilityadaptableadaptationadaptationsadaptedadaptingadaptive equip equipment equipped equipping equips extract extracted extractingprohibit prohibited prohibiting prohibition prohibitions prohibitive prohibits publication。
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The Academic Word List (AWL) by SublistSublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 1 are listed below.analysisapproach areaassessment assumeauthorityavailablebenefit concept consistent constitutional context contract createdata definition derived distribution economic environment established estimate evidence export factors financial formula function identified income indicateindividual interpretationinvolved issueslabourlegallegislation major method occur percent period policy principle procedure process required research responserolesectionsectorsignificantsimilar source specific structure theory variablesSublist 2 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in familiesThis sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 2 are listed below.achieve acquisition administration affectappropriate aspects assistance categories chapter commission community complex computer conclusion conduct consequences construction consumer creditcultural design distinction elements equation evaluation featuresfinalfocusimpactinjury institute investment items journalmaintenance normal obtained participation perceived positive potential previous primary purchase range region regulations relevant resident resources restricted security sought selectsite strategies surveytext traditional transferSublist 3 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in familiesAcademic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 3 are listed below.alternativecircumstancescommentscompensation componentsconsent considerable constant constraints contribution convention coordination core corporate corresponding criteria deduction demonstrate document dominant emphasis ensure excluded framework funds illustrated immigration impliesinitialinstance interaction justification layerlink location maximum minorities negative outcomes partnership philosophy physical proportion published reaction registered reliance removed scheme sequence sexshift specified sufficient task technical techniques technology validity volumeSublist 4 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in familiesAcademic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 4 are listed below.accessadequateannualapparentapproximated attitudes attributedcivilcodecommitmentcommunication concentration conference contrastcycledebate despite dimensions domestic emergederrorethnicgoalsgrantedhencehypothesis implementation implications imposed integration internal investigation joblabel mechanism obviousoccupational option output overall parallel parameters phase predicted principal prior professional project promote regime resolution retained series statistics status stress subsequent sum summary undertakenSublist 5 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in familiesAcademic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 5 are listed below.academicadjustmentalteramendmentaware capacity challengeclausecompoundsconflictconsultation contact decline discretion draft enable energy enforcement entities equivalent evolution expansion exposure external facilitate fundamental generated generation image liberal licencelogicmarginalmedicalmental modified monitoringnetworknotionobjectiveorientation perspective precise prime psychology pursue ratio rejected revenue stability styles substitution sustainable symbolic target transition trend version welfare whereasSublist 6 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families This sublist contains the sixth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 6 are listed below.abstractaccurate acknowledgedaggregate allocationassignedattachedauthorbondbriefcapablecitedcooperativediscrimination display diversity domain edition enhanced estate exceedexpertexplicitfederalfeesflexibility furthermore gender ignored incentive incidenceincorporated indexinhibition initiativesinputinstructionsintelligence interval lecture migration minimum ministry motivation neutral nevertheless overseas preceding presumption rational recovery revealed scope subsidiary tapestrace transformation transport underlying utilitySublist 7 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in familiesThis sublist contains the seventh most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 7 are listed below.adaptation adults advocateaidchannel chemical classical comprehensive comprise confirmed contrary converted couple decades definitedeny differentiation disposal dynamic eliminate empirical equipment extractfilefinite foundation globalgrade guarantee hierarchical identicalideology inferredinnovation insertinterventionisolatedmedia mode paradigm phenomenon priority prohibited publication quotation release reverse simulation solely somewhat submitted successive survive thesistopic transmission ultimately unique visible voluntarySublist 8 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families This sublist contains the eighth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 8 are listed below.abandonaccompanied accumulationambiguous appendixappreciationarbitraryautomatically biaschartclarityconformitycommoditycomplement contemporary contradiction crucial currency denote detected deviation displacement dramatic eventually exhibit exploitation fluctuations guidelines highlighted implicit inducedinevitably infrastructureinspection intensitymanipulationminimisednuclearoffsetparagraph plus practitioners predominantly prospect radical random reinforced restore revision schedule tension termination theme thereby uniform vehicleviavirtuallywidespreadvisualSublist 9 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families This sublist contains the ninth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 9 are listed below.accommodation analogousanticipatedassuranceattainedbehalfbulkceasescoherencecoincidecommenced incompatible concurrentconfinedcontroversyconverselydevicedevoteddiminisheddistorted/distortion - equal figuresdurationerosionethicalformatfoundedinherentinsightsintegralintermediatemanual mature mediation medium military minimal mutualnormsoverlap passive portion preliminary protocol qualitative refinerelaxed restraints revolutionrigidroute scenario sphere subordinate supplementary suspended team temporary triggerunified violation visionSublist 10 of the Academic Word List - Most frequent words in families This sublist contains the least frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus. The most frequent members of the word families in Sublist 10 are listed below.adjacentalbeit assemblycollapse colleaguescompiledconceivedconvinced depression encountered enormous forthcoming inclination integrity intrinsic invokedlevylikewisenonetheless notwithstandingoddongoingpanel persistent posed reluctantso-calledstraightforwardundergo whereby。