2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题7
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2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题11
Here is the man (whom/who/that ) you������ ve been expecting to meet.这就是你一直想要om/ that
非限制性 who/ whom
Here is Mr Smith,whom/who you������ ve been expecting to me et.这就是史密斯先生,你一直想 要见的那个人。
先行词 句中作用 从句类型 引导词 人 定语 限制性 whose
示例 Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast? 你班上有谁家是东北的吗? I met Mrs Liu yesterday,whose daughter wanted to learn spoken English.昨天我见到了刘太太, 她女儿想学英语口语。
意义 使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定 的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分, 少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立, 或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。
非限制性 Which The house,which Father built himself, has lasted for many years.这所房 子是我父亲自己建的,已经好多年 了。 I need your help,without which I won������ t be able to finish the work o n time.我需要你的帮助,没有你的帮 助我就不能按时完成工作。
先行词 句中作用 从句类型 引导词 物 宾语 限制性 which/ that(介 词后用 which)
示例 The book (which/that) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.昨天你 借的那本书真有意思。 This is the question about which we������ ve had so much discussion.这 就是我们反复讨论的问题。
非限制性 who/ whom
Here is Mr Smith,whom/who you������ ve been expecting to me et.这就是史密斯先生,你一直想 要见的那个人。
先行词 句中作用 从句类型 引导词 人 定语 限制性 whose
示例 Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast? 你班上有谁家是东北的吗? I met Mrs Liu yesterday,whose daughter wanted to learn spoken English.昨天我见到了刘太太, 她女儿想学英语口语。
意义 使先行词的意思十分明确,成为特定 的人或物,是句子中不可缺少的成分, 少了它句子就会失去意义不能成立, 或意思不清楚,不能说明问题。
非限制性 Which The house,which Father built himself, has lasted for many years.这所房 子是我父亲自己建的,已经好多年 了。 I need your help,without which I won������ t be able to finish the work o n time.我需要你的帮助,没有你的帮 助我就不能按时完成工作。
先行词 句中作用 从句类型 引导词 物 宾语 限制性 which/ that(介 词后用 which)
示例 The book (which/that) you borrowed yesterday is really interesting.昨天你 借的那本书真有意思。 This is the question about which we������ ve had so much discussion.这 就是我们反复讨论的问题。
高中一轮复习英语北师大版课件语法专项专题七定语从句
3．(2013·浙江高考改编)The children, all of whom had played the whole day long, were worn out.
4．(2018·青岛模拟)Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
[注意事项] 1．当关系代词作宾语，前面又没有介词时，whom可以改为
who，也可以省略。
The girl (who/whom) he invited may be his girlfriend. 他邀请的那个女孩可能是他的女朋友。
2．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名
词＋of
关系副词的用法
——典题尝试(单句语法填空)
1．(2015·北京高考改编)Opposite is St. Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.
2．(2014·江苏高考改编)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.
——规则点拨
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用
which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词＋which/whom。不能 用that和who。 This is the teacher from whom we've learned a lot. 这就是从他那里我们学到了很多东西的那位老师。
4．(2018·青岛模拟)Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
[注意事项] 1．当关系代词作宾语，前面又没有介词时，whom可以改为
who，也可以省略。
The girl (who/whom) he invited may be his girlfriend. 他邀请的那个女孩可能是他的女朋友。
2．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名
词＋of
关系副词的用法
——典题尝试(单句语法填空)
1．(2015·北京高考改编)Opposite is St. Paul's Church, where you can hear some lovely music.
2．(2014·江苏高考改编)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work where a good impression is a must.
——规则点拨
“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用
which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词＋which/whom。不能 用that和who。 This is the teacher from whom we've learned a lot. 这就是从他那里我们学到了很多东西的那位老师。
高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习名词性从句讲解教学课件-PPT
真题解析
His presentation will show you contexts. A. that you have observed B. that how you have observed C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed
模拟题解析
As they usually receive the same score in standardized
examinations, there is often disagreement as to
is the
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
better student, Bob or Helen.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whose
【解析】句意为“因为鲍勃和海伦在考试中总是得到同样的分数， 所以关于他们俩谁是更好的学生，总是有分歧”。
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： a. 放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)之后
宾语从句 Object Clause
(2) 宾语从句的位置： c. 可由形式宾语it代替，而从句本身放在句子末尾。
(1) 宾语从句的连接词★ ： a. 由that引导； b. 由whether/if引导； c. 由连接代词what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等引导； d. 由连接副词when, where, why, how等引导。
真题解析
【2016阅读】 He hopes that whoever finds the loot will relish the riches and the adventure of finding them.
语法填空专项讲解课件高三英语一轮复习
基数词序数词
一、二、三,单独记;八去t,九除e, ve要用f替, 整十基数变序数，先把ty变成tie;
要是遇到两位数,十位基数个位序,th最后加上去。
分数
分子基数词，分母序数词；分子大于1，序 数词用复数形式。
如： 1/2 a half 1/3 one third或a third 1 1/2 one and a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths
1. 介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名 词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 2. 代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名 词。 3. 连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短 语或句子。 4. 冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助 说明名词。
Game
walk
however
ability
worthless
promise
impossible→ impossibly probable→ probably simple →simply gentle→gently
化的主要是 以—able或 ible结尾的形
*whole → wholly
容词
(3) a 加 adj.
loud→ aloud lone→alone
live →alive
生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。 • 不规则变化： • 有些名词有不规则的复数形式。 • 有些名词的单复数形式相同。
所有格
所有格
’s/s’
单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名 词在词尾加’s（以s结尾的只需 加’）构成所有格，主要用于有
生命的东西。
2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题10
句型 在it is(about /high) time+ that引导的 定语从句 中。
用法 谓语动 词常用 过去式 或 (should) do 的形 式。
示例 It is time that we went (should go) to bed. It������ s high tim e that he settled d own and started a new life.
if条件 从句谓 主句谓 从句 语形式 语形式
示例
备注
(2)without,but for,but, otherwise等常用来表示 某种假设条件。 I wouldn������ t have made such rapid progress without your help. (3) 有时候从句和主句动 作发生的时间不一致,这 时谓语动词的形式要根 据上下文的意思采用不 同的谓语动词形式。 If I were you,I would have taken his advice.
2.虚拟语气在一些 固定句型中的用法
句型
用法
示例
备注
在wish后面的宾 从句谓语多向前 I failed in the exam. (1)在名词 语从句中。 推一个时态。 I really wish I had wish后面的 known the answers. 表语从句、 同位语从句 He suggested that 中要用虚拟 在insist/suggest/ 从句谓语用 propose/order/ (should) do的形 we (should) start at 语气。 My wish is demand/require/ 式。 once. that I could He ordered that request等后面的 all (should) attend get a new 宾语从句中。 bike on my the meeting. birthday. It is necessary that 在it is necessary/ 从句谓语用 important/ (should) do的形 he (should) be sent possible/strange/ 式。 there at once. It is a pity that he a pity/a shame等 (should) be so 后面的主语从 careless. 句中。
高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案 专题7 非谓语动词
高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案专题7 非谓语动词从近几年的高考试题来看，非谓语动词考查特征呈现情景和设问角度的多样化趋势。
具体考点如下：现在分词与过去分词的区别；done, being done, to be done的区别；不定式与分词作状语的区别；不定式的时态及疑问词＋不定式形式；谓语动词与非谓语动词的区分；非谓语动词的时态、语态、复合结构以及独立结构的使用。
大家在判断使用何种非谓语动词形式时，可遵循以下规律：对比时间：对照谓语动词的时间，确定非谓语动词的时态形式；辨明逻辑：从非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系判断非谓语动词的语态。
一、动词不定式1．动词不定式的各种形式及其表达的时态和语态意义如：He seems to know this.It is important to read English every day.The bridge to be built next year is very long.I'm sorry to have kept you waiting so long.His new novel is said to have been published.She happened to be writing a letter when I passed by.了解不定式各种形式的时态和语态意义对正确理解和使用不定式起着很重要的作用。
要结合不定式的句法功能一起掌握，灵活运用。
2．不定式的句法功能除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。
To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(作主语和表语)You should continue to learn as long as you live.要活到老学到老。
(作宾语)She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚上经常有很多会要开。
高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习：时态和语态课件
【高中语法】 时态与语态
语法知识
英语语法框架
音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词★ 词汇搭配 八种句子成分
时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词
四类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
CONTENTS
时态与语态
• 一般时态 • 进行时态 • 完成时态 • 完成进行时态 • 主动语态 • 被动语态
now
future
将来完成进行时 will/shall have been doing
• 动作在某种情况下一直持续到将来某个时间仍未结束。 By the end of this year he will have been acting for thirty years.
将来进行时态
用法： ① 将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或会延续到将来的动作
What will you be ① 常和时间状语then, at that time/moment等连用。
语态是通过动词的变化表现出来的。
doing
at
this
time
next
Monday.
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
B. takes
C. is taking
D. has taken
B off at
【解析】考查时态。飞机、火车等按时刻表运行，表达时用一般现 在时表示将来。
一般过去时
(1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作。 He proposed to Sarah on their annivesary.
(2) 过去某段时间的状态。 I loved him.
语法知识
英语语法框架
音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词★ 词汇搭配 八种句子成分
时态 两大语态 三类非谓语动词
四类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
CONTENTS
时态与语态
• 一般时态 • 进行时态 • 完成时态 • 完成进行时态 • 主动语态 • 被动语态
now
future
将来完成进行时 will/shall have been doing
• 动作在某种情况下一直持续到将来某个时间仍未结束。 By the end of this year he will have been acting for thirty years.
将来进行时态
用法： ① 将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或会延续到将来的动作
What will you be ① 常和时间状语then, at that time/moment等连用。
语态是通过动词的变化表现出来的。
doing
at
this
time
next
Monday.
表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
B. takes
C. is taking
D. has taken
B off at
【解析】考查时态。飞机、火车等按时刻表运行，表达时用一般现 在时表示将来。
一般过去时
(1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作。 He proposed to Sarah on their annivesary.
(2) 过去某段时间的状态。 I loved him.
2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题4
表示 表示“用工具”时,用with “用” 表示“用材料、方式、方 的in和 法、度量、单位、语 with 言、声音等”时,用in as和示 about为一般用词 “关于” 的about 和on on为较正式的“论述”
He came to tell me about something important. He wrote a book on science.
between between表示两者之间; You are to sit between your father 和among 强调多者中的两两相互 and me. 间的关系时,也用between The little valley lies between high mountains. among用于三者或三者 以上的中间 He is always happy among his classmates.
表示“在… on表示在某物的表面 There is a book on the piece of paper. …上”的 上 on和in in表示占去某物一部分 There is an interesting article in the newspaper. He dug a hole in the wall. 表示“穿过 through表示从内部通 Water flows through the pipe. ……”的 过,与in 有关 through和 across则表示从一端至 The old man walked across the across 另一端在表面上通过, street. 与on有关
介词
用法
示例
表示地理位 in表示在某范围内 置的in,on和 to on表示毗邻、接壤
to表示在某范围之外
2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题13
目的 that/so that/ 从句中常用 状语 in order that should和 从句 could。 当主、从句主 语一致时,从 句常可简化为 in order to/ so as to结构。
He came in quietly in order that/so that he shouldn������ t wake his wif e./in order not to/so as not to wake his wife. He spoke loud in order that/so that we could hear him.
语法专题十三 连词和状语从句
知识梳理整合
◎构建能力大厦的奠基石◎
1.连词
属性
连接词
示例 Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.
并列关系 and,not only...but also, neither...nor...
t leave until/till it
It was not until I came back that he left.
Once you have decided,tell me. once和 once一旦……, as soon 就……。既表示时 as 间,又含有条件意味。
as soon as只表示时 间上紧接。
选择关系 or,either...or...,otherwise, Either you are mad,or I am. or else 转折关系 but,yet,still,however, while,when
因果关系 for,so,thus,therefore
2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题14
2.so位于句首,但 强调作表语的 Present at the meeting were 表示对前面所说 分词或形容词 Professor White,Professor 情况的认同和强 Smith and many other guests. 调、前后主语一 Hanging on the wall is a 致时,不用倒装, beautiful picture. 这时 so意为 表示地点的介词 In front of his house sat a “的确、确实或 短语位于句首 small boy. 真的”。 Under the table sleeps a cat. —He can speak English. —So he can.
Although you are a little older than I,you belong so/such...that So carelessly did he drive that he essentially to the ...句型的so/ almost killed himself. same generation. such...位于 So loudly did he speak that 句首。 虽然你比我长几 people in the next room could 岁,可你基本上还 hear him. 属于同一辈。
倒装情况 部 分 倒 装
示例
备注 4.引导让步状语从 句时,as必须倒装, though倒装与否均 可,although不能倒 装。并且作表语的 名词提前时,不能 带有冠词。
as意为“尽 Pretty as she is,she is not clever. 管”,引导 Try as he would,he might fail 让步状语 again. 从句。 在省略if的 虚拟条件句 中(当条件 从句中有 were,had, should时) Were I not so busy,I should go with you. Had he been here yesterday, nothing would have happened.
【与名师对话】2015届高三英语总复习 语法专题讲练课件(考点探究+变式应用)：定语从句(共57张PPT)
语，故选 B 。题 (2) 中的 window 前已有限定词 the ，又因为 the window与先行词room之间为所属关系，所以用of which，故选 C 。题 (3) 中的从句缺少主语，排除 B 项和 C 项，此处表示 “ 房
间的窗户”，所以用the window of which＝whose window，故
people __________ they remembered in the school.
A．which
C．who [ 解析]
B．that
D．whom
考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，定语从句中
缺少宾语，而先行词是things and people，既有人又有物，根 据语法规则，此处应用关系代词that而不能用which或whom。
out.这是这么一个简单的问题，每个人都能解决。
考点互动探究
与名师对话
高考总复习· 课标版· 英语（专版）
注意：当先行词被 the same修饰时，that也可引导定语从 句，但意义有所不同。 the same...as(指同样或同类的)，the same...that(指同一个) This is the same watch as I lost.这块表与我丢的那块一
与名师对话
高考总复习· 课标版· 英语（专版）
考点互动探究
与名师对话
高考总复习· 课标版· 英语（专版）
考点互动探究
与名师对话
高考总复习· 课标版· 英语（专版）
考点一
关系代词that与which 的用法区别
1．关系代词指代物，而引导词只用which 不用that 的情 况。
(1)关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候。
(2) 关系代词指前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句 时。 [ 考题印证 ] A．which C．that [解析] He returned home safe and sound after a
2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题16
s late.I������
(4) I think I must go now. (5) I think I������ d better leave.
(4) Can������ t you stay a lit tle longer?
(5) I hope we������ ll meet a (6) I������ m glad to have met you gain sometime. .
Asking about Health (询问健 康)
情景
用语
Talking about (1) It������ s a fine day,isn������ t it? Weather (2) What������ s the temperature today? (谈论天气) (3) What������ s the weather like today? (4) What������ s the weather going to be like at the week end? (5) Do you like the weather in Beijing?
语法专题十六 交际用语
知识梳理整合
◎构建能力大厦的奠基石◎
情景
Greeting(问候)
用语 (1)Good morning/afternoon/evening! (2)Hello/Hi! (3)How do you do? (4)How are you? (5)How are you getting on with your studies? (6)How������ s everything with you?
(1) What time is it now? (2) What������ s the time by your watch? (3) What day is it today? (4) What is the date today? (5) Is your watch correct? 询问: (1) How are you these days? (2) What������ s wrong with you ? (3) Have you seen the doctor? (4) You look tired.What������ s wrong?
高考英语一轮总复习语法专题复习 7
一、按语法要求填空。
1．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who ___w_e_a_r_s_(wear) evening dress.
2．Listening to loud music at rock concerts _h_a_s_c_a_u_s_e_d_(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.
3．Such poets as Shakespeare ___a_r_e___(be) widely read, of
whose works, however, some are difficult to understand. 4 ． The teacher together with the students __i_s_____(be)
2．意义上一致
1)某些集体名词如 family，team 等作主语时，如果作为一 个整体看待，谓语用单数，如果指集体中的成员时用复数。
Her family is small, but the family are advanced workers. 这 类 名 词 常 用 的 有 audience, class ， club, committee, company, crew(水手)，crowd, enemy, government, group, party, public, team 等。 2)当名词词组中心词为表示度、量、距离、金钱、时间、 书名等复数名词时，常把这些复数名词看成一个整体，谓语用 单数。
9．The father as well as his three children _g_o_e_s____(go)
高考英语一轮复习英语语法专题复习定语从句讲解优秀PPT(共)
【高中语法】 复合句-定语从句
语法知识
英语语法框架
音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
判断下列复合句的类型
判断下列复合句的类型
CONTENTS
This is very person that I’m waiting for. 可作主语或宾语。
Shopping is the only way that makes me happy.
There is something that I want to tell you.
真题解析
【2017阅读】 New federal data that the Education Department released in April shows that about 10 percent of new teachers leave the profession within the first year on the job, and 17 percent leave within five years.
定语从句 (Attributive Clause) 指在复合句中充当定语的从句。
(3) 引导词：连接、替代、成分作用。
a. 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that
【注意】在定语从句
The only person that trusts me is you.
中，that可指人或物 ,
定语从句 Attributive Clause
【注意】在定语从句中，why 替代表原因的先行词， 在从句中作原因状语。
语法知识
英语语法框架
音素★
语音 词法
音节 五种语音现象★ 九大词类 动词类句子
句法
五种简单句
并列句
名词性从句
复合句★ 定语从句
特殊句式★ 状语从句
主谓一致
判断下列复合句的类型
判断下列复合句的类型
CONTENTS
This is very person that I’m waiting for. 可作主语或宾语。
Shopping is the only way that makes me happy.
There is something that I want to tell you.
真题解析
【2017阅读】 New federal data that the Education Department released in April shows that about 10 percent of new teachers leave the profession within the first year on the job, and 17 percent leave within five years.
定语从句 (Attributive Clause) 指在复合句中充当定语的从句。
(3) 引导词：连接、替代、成分作用。
a. 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that
【注意】在定语从句
The only person that trusts me is you.
中，that可指人或物 ,
定语从句 Attributive Clause
【注意】在定语从句中，why 替代表原因的先行词， 在从句中作原因状语。
高中英语高考一轮复习课件：语法专项讲练(共25张PPT)
【答案】 A
12
4．同位语从句 同位语从句用来解释说明前面的名词，通常由本身无意
义的连词that引导，不可省略。一般在fact，news， idea，hope，doubt，fear，belief，dream，plan， advice，suggestion，decision等名词后有同位语从句， 具体说明这些名词的内容。 We were shocked at the news that dozens of miners were killed in this mine accident.
请告诉我你想要什么。 He is what is known as a walking dictionary，for he
knows every word you don’t know./He is the person that is known as a walking dictionary，for he knows every word you don’t know. 他就是人们所知的活字典，因为每个你不认识的字他都 认识。
24
After a long journey，they finally arrived at what is now Boston./After a long journey they finally arrived at the place that is now Boston.
经过长途跋涉，他们终于到达今天的波士顿。 After what seemed hours of waiting，it was finally my
【答案】 A
20
3．由带疑问意义的连接副词或连接代词who，when， where，how，which，whose等引导。
12
4．同位语从句 同位语从句用来解释说明前面的名词，通常由本身无意
义的连词that引导，不可省略。一般在fact，news， idea，hope，doubt，fear，belief，dream，plan， advice，suggestion，decision等名词后有同位语从句， 具体说明这些名词的内容。 We were shocked at the news that dozens of miners were killed in this mine accident.
请告诉我你想要什么。 He is what is known as a walking dictionary，for he
knows every word you don’t know./He is the person that is known as a walking dictionary，for he knows every word you don’t know. 他就是人们所知的活字典，因为每个你不认识的字他都 认识。
24
After a long journey，they finally arrived at what is now Boston./After a long journey they finally arrived at the place that is now Boston.
经过长途跋涉，他们终于到达今天的波士顿。 After what seemed hours of waiting，it was finally my
【答案】 A
20
3．由带疑问意义的连接副词或连接代词who，when， where，how，which，whose等引导。
高三英语一轮复习语法专题-非谓语动词课件-(共20张PPT)
高考复习
动名词 重难点一：直接加动名词作宾语的动词。 admit, advise, avoid, appreciate, consider(考虑), delay, deny, enjoy, escape, fancy, finish, feel like, imagine, give up, practise, risk, miss, mind, stand, suggest, put off, resist, cannot help （情不自禁）
regret doing 遗憾做某事；
stop to do 停下来去做,
stop doing 停止做某事。
高考复习
分词 重难点一：先看主被动，再考虑时态。 1. Bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver
our letters unless we chained our dog. 2. Dina, having struggled for months to find a job
高考复习
动名词 重难点三：固定句型 1. It’s no good/use/fun doing sth. 2. There is no use/point/fun in doing sth. 但:There is no need/hope/possibility to do sth. 3. sb. have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
9. _E_q_u_i_p_p_e_d_w__it_h__ (配备) modern facilities, today’s libraries differ greatly from those of the past.
2015英语特级教师一轮复习课件高中英语语法专题复习专题5
be
He is a teacher.
keep,rest,remain,stay, He kept silent at the meeting. lie,stand This matter remains a mystery. seem,appear,look He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
放在动词原形前, Do come to my birthday party. 加强该动词的语气 I did go there. I do miss you.
构成倒装 Never did I hear of such a thing. Only when we begin our college life do we realise the importance of English. — Do you like Beijing? — Yes,I do. He knows how to drive a car, doesn������ t h
终止系动词
2.助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动 词。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。
助动词
be
用法
示例
“be+现在分词”构 They are having a meeting. English is becoming more and more 成进行时态 important. “be+过去分词”构 The window was broken by Tom. English is taught throughout the world. 成被动语态 “be+不定式”可表 示最近、未来的计 划、安排,还可表示 命令、征求意见、 相约、商定 He is to go to New York next week. You are to explain this. How am I to answer him? We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.
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用法
语法 主语后跟介词短语时,谓语与主 一致 语保持一致,不受介词后名词的 影响。常跟在主语后的介词有 with/together with/besides/except /as well as/no less than/rather than/ more than/over/like/including/ in addition to等。 当kind of/pair of/type of等作主 语时,谓语与kind/pair/type等保 持一致。
示例
Tom together with his parents is going to New York. Many teachers,including Mr Wang, have been to Beijing.
This kind of apple tastes delicious. This pair of trousers fits you.
语法专题七 数词和主谓一致
知识梳理整合
◎构建能力大厦的奠基石◎
1.基数词
表示数目的词为基数词,构成如下表:
规律 示例
1~12
13~19 20~90 21~99 101~999 千以上
无规律。
以teen结尾。 以ty结尾。
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven, eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve
倍数+形容词的比较级+than... This box is three times bigger than that one. The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
倍数+ the+n. (size/length/height The earth is 49 times the size of the /width/weight)+of... moon.
4.主谓一致
一般说来,谓语必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致,即主谓一致。主谓 一致涉及三个方面:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。
Байду номын сангаас法
示例
语法 不可数名词、动名词、不定式、 Much milk is offered to him. 一致 从句等作主语时,谓语通常用单 Reading aloud is very important in learning English. 数。 To nod one������ s head means agreement. What they said is true. 不定代词either/neither/each/one/ another/someone/somebody/ anyone/anybody/no one/nobody/ everyone/everybody/something/ anything/nothing/everything 等作主语时,谓语通常用单数。 由and或both…and连接并列主 语时,谓语通常用复数。 Either of the shirts fits me very well. Someone strange is asking to see you. There is nothing wrong with the machine. Tom and Peter are both from America. Both bread and butter were served for breakfast in this hotel.
把y变i后加eth
21以后多位数 最后一个数用序数 21st — twenty-first,110th — one 词,其余用基数词 hundred and tenth
表示顺序的数词为序数词,构成如下表:
句式 倍数 (once,twice,...times)+as+ 形容词原级+as... 示例 I have three times as many as you.
用法
示例
意义 当表示时间、距离、货币、度量衡 Ten years is quite a long time. 一致 等的名词作主语时,谓语用单数。 There is 1,000,000 pounds in the box. 当“the+形容词”指一类人作主语 The rich live a happy life, 时,谓语用复数;指个人或抽象概念 while the poor live a hard life. The beauty is loved by all. 时,谓语用单数。 集体名词people/cattle/police/clothes 作主语时,谓语用复数;clothing/ jewellery/furniture/machinery作主语 时,谓语用单数;family/class/team/ school/army/government/public/ group/enemy作主语时,如果看作一 个整体,谓语用单数,如果强调其中 的成员,谓语用复数。 People here are all fond of football. Men������ s clothing is sold in thi s shop. His family has just moved to Beijing. Hearing the news,the whole family were very happy.
thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen, seventeen,eighteen,nineteen twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy, eighty,ninety
十位与个位之间要加 twenty-five,sixty-five,ninety-nine 连字符“-”。 百位与十位之间通常 three hundred and twenty-five 用and。 6275—six thousand two hundred and seventy-five 1200—twelve hundred
当“分数或百分数+名词”作主 Three fourths of the surface of 语时,谓语与后面的名词保持一 the earth is covered with water. Sixty percent of the students in 致。 our school are girls.
2.序数词
表示顺序的数词为序数词,构成如下表:
规律
1~19 在基数词尾加th
示例
fourth,sixth,nineteenth 例外的有7个:first,second,third, fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth twentieth,fortieth,ninetieth
20,30~90