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neutrophils, RBC , and numerous bacteria
congestion stage
（2）red hepatization: 3rd-4th days
gross
the lobe distinctly red, firm, and airless with a liver-like consistency
• fibrinous inflammation • Symptoms: abrupt onset, high
fever, shaking chills, pleuritic chest pain, a productive mucopurulent cough ( “rusty” sputum )
Etiology
pathogens： streptococcus-pneumoniae, pneumobacillus
inducing factors: cold, excessive tired, anethesia Pathogenesis bacteria---alveoli---proliferate , capillary dilate, serious exudates---kohn’s pores---spreading entire lobe
Pathologic changes （1）congestion stage：1st-2nd days the outpouring of a protein-rich exudate into alveolar spaces and rapid proliferation of bacteria. gross heavy, red, boggy LM alveolar wall: cap. dilate, congestion alveolar space: proteinaceous edema fluid, few
Bronchiolitis obliterans is characterized by polypoid masses of organizing inflammatory exudates and granulation tissue extending from alveoli into bronchioles
9.1.3 Pneumonia
broadly defined: any infection in the lung histologic spectrum-vary from
a fibrinopurulent alveolar exudate — acute bacterial pneumonia bronchopneumonia lobar pneumonia
9.1.2 Acute bronchiolitis
The bronchioli mucosa is hyperemia and swelling with a lymphomonocytic and leukocytic infiltration of the submucosa accompanied by overproduction of mucous secretions.
an overlying fibrinous or fibrinosuppurative pleuritis
LM alveolar space: a flock of RBC, packed with fibrin nets which stream from one alveolus through the pores of kohn into adjacent alveoli, neutrophils
Acute suppurative tracheobronchitis. There is a significant element of leukocytic infiltration.
Acute ulcerative tracheobronchitis. The inflammatory reaction is more intense, with necrosis of the mucosa in areas, it constitutes an ulcerative form.
（3）gray hepatization: 5th –6Hale Waihona Puke Baiduh day gross
gray-brown and solid, liver like consistency
LM
the alveolar capillaries appear compressed alveolar spaces: progressive disintegration of
mononuclear interstitinal infiltrates— viral/atypical pneumonias
granulomas/ cavitation — chronic pneumonias
1. Bacteria pneumonia (1) Lobar pneumonia
an acute bacterial infection of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe
Chapter 9
Diseases of Respiratory System
9.1 Infection of respiratory tract
Acute tracherobronchitis Acute bronchiolitis Pneumonia
9.1.1 Acute tracheobronchitis
Acute catarrhal tracheobronchitis. The inflammatory exudate on the mucosal surface is chiefly a stringy, basophilic mucus only scantily mixed with leukocytes.
congestion stage
（2）red hepatization: 3rd-4th days
gross
the lobe distinctly red, firm, and airless with a liver-like consistency
• fibrinous inflammation • Symptoms: abrupt onset, high
fever, shaking chills, pleuritic chest pain, a productive mucopurulent cough ( “rusty” sputum )
Etiology
pathogens： streptococcus-pneumoniae, pneumobacillus
inducing factors: cold, excessive tired, anethesia Pathogenesis bacteria---alveoli---proliferate , capillary dilate, serious exudates---kohn’s pores---spreading entire lobe
Pathologic changes （1）congestion stage：1st-2nd days the outpouring of a protein-rich exudate into alveolar spaces and rapid proliferation of bacteria. gross heavy, red, boggy LM alveolar wall: cap. dilate, congestion alveolar space: proteinaceous edema fluid, few
Bronchiolitis obliterans is characterized by polypoid masses of organizing inflammatory exudates and granulation tissue extending from alveoli into bronchioles
9.1.3 Pneumonia
broadly defined: any infection in the lung histologic spectrum-vary from
a fibrinopurulent alveolar exudate — acute bacterial pneumonia bronchopneumonia lobar pneumonia
9.1.2 Acute bronchiolitis
The bronchioli mucosa is hyperemia and swelling with a lymphomonocytic and leukocytic infiltration of the submucosa accompanied by overproduction of mucous secretions.
an overlying fibrinous or fibrinosuppurative pleuritis
LM alveolar space: a flock of RBC, packed with fibrin nets which stream from one alveolus through the pores of kohn into adjacent alveoli, neutrophils
Acute suppurative tracheobronchitis. There is a significant element of leukocytic infiltration.
Acute ulcerative tracheobronchitis. The inflammatory reaction is more intense, with necrosis of the mucosa in areas, it constitutes an ulcerative form.
（3）gray hepatization: 5th –6Hale Waihona Puke Baiduh day gross
gray-brown and solid, liver like consistency
LM
the alveolar capillaries appear compressed alveolar spaces: progressive disintegration of
mononuclear interstitinal infiltrates— viral/atypical pneumonias
granulomas/ cavitation — chronic pneumonias
1. Bacteria pneumonia (1) Lobar pneumonia
an acute bacterial infection of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe
Chapter 9
Diseases of Respiratory System
9.1 Infection of respiratory tract
Acute tracherobronchitis Acute bronchiolitis Pneumonia
9.1.1 Acute tracheobronchitis
Acute catarrhal tracheobronchitis. The inflammatory exudate on the mucosal surface is chiefly a stringy, basophilic mucus only scantily mixed with leukocytes.