病理学英文课件-呼吸系统
呼吸系统_英文版ppt课件
Function Transports air into the lungs and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. It also receives waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhales it.
.
The respiratory system can be divided into two parts: The upper respiratory tracts:mouth, nose & nasal cavity,pharynx and larynx The lower respiratory tracts:trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli,diaphragm
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, into which the
呼吸系统(英文版) PPT-
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
呼吸系统-英文版ppt课件
可编辑课件PPT
6
Diaphragm located below the lungs, attaching to the lower ribs, sternum and lumbar spine and forming the base of the thoracic cavity, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.
可编辑课件PPT
5
When you breathe, the air: enters the body through the nose or the mouth travels down the throat through the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi one main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left lung in the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller bronchi and then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli
病理学英文课件：呼吸系统疾病
Type II alveolar cell
Type I alveolar cell
capillary
Blood–air Barrier
Alveolar septum
病理学—呼 吸
Alveolar pore (Kohn’s pore) macrophage
病理学—呼 吸
Heart failure cell:
Lobule
Alveolus
Acinus
病理学—呼 吸
Trachea
病理Ep学ith—el呼ium 吸
Lamina propria Submucosa
Adventitia
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
病理学—呼 吸
Brush cell Goblet cell basal cell ciliated cell small granular cell
Definition:
Alveolar macrophages containing hemosiderin are seen in cardiac failure.
病理学—呼 吸
The alveolar spaces contain macrophages which show brownish discoloration of their cytoplasm due to the hemosiderin content .
Pathological Change
• From trachea to bronchi and bronchioles
病理学—呼 吸
Diseases of Respiratory System
病理生理学-呼吸系统PPT课件
最新课件
14
（二）弥散障碍 Diffusion Impairment
1. 弥散面积减少 2. 弥散膜厚度增加 3. 弥散时间缩短
最新课件
15
肺泡-毛细血管膜 Alveolar-Capillary Membrane (弥散膜, diffusion membrane)
肺泡I型细胞
基膜 毛细血管内皮细胞
secretions and develops after 2-11 days of a febrile illness.
最新课件
29
最新课件
30
ARDS发生机制(Pathogenesis)
致病 因子
肺泡膜 内皮细胞损伤
肺泡Ⅱ型 上皮细胞
损伤
表面活 性物质 合成
肺不张
释放中性粒 细胞趋化因子
中性粒细胞聚 集，释放氧自 由基、蛋白酶、 炎症介质
吸气
最新sobaric point)移向小气道
0
0
0
20 25 20 30
20 +3355 20
15
20
20
25
20 +3355 20
20 15 20 20
20 +2355 20
正常人
慢性支气管炎 最新课件
肺气肿 13
问题 ：
• 呼吸衰竭? • 限制性通气不足的定义及其发生原因? • 胸内、胸外气道阻塞在呼吸中的差异?
1.5%
Hb.O2:
98.5%
CO2 transported as:
CO2:
7%
Hb.CO2:
23%
最H新C课O件3-:
70%
24
2. 解剖分流增加(Increase in Anatomic Shunt)
呼吸系统(英文版)课件
The Nose 鼻
External nose: Root of nose Back of nose Apex of nose Alae of nasi Nasal cavity –divided
into two halves by nasal septum
Two parts:
Divided by limen nasi 鼻阈
Nasal vestibule
Proper nasal cavity
Boundaries
Roof－cribriform plate of ethmoid
Floor－hard palate Medial wall－nasal septum
Lateral wall
Nasal conchae: superior, middle and inferior
Vocal process anteriorly, site of posterior attachment of vocal fold
Muscular process
Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨 leaf-shaped elastic cartilage situated behind the root of the tongue
Nasal meatus: superor, middle and inferior
Sphenoethmoidal recess
Remove the middle nasal conchae Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗 Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡
Mucous membrane of nose
Olfactory region嗅区: located upper nasal cavity, above superior， nasal conchae，contains olfactory cells
病理学-呼吸系统学习课件
Diseases of Respiratory System9.1.1 Acute tracheobronchitisAcute catarrhal tracheobronchitis.The inflammatory exudate on the mucosal surface is chiefly a stringy,basophilic mucus only scantily mixed with leukocytes. Acute suppurative tracheobronchitis.There is a significant element of leukocytic infiltration.Acute ulcerative tracheobronchitis.The inflammatory reaction is more intense, with necrosis of the mucosa inareas, it constitutes an ulcerative form.9.1.2 Acute bronchiolitisThe bronchioli mucosa is hyperemia and swelling with a lymphomonocytic and leukocyticinfiltration of the submucosa accompanied by overproduction of mucous secretions. Bronchiolitis obliterans is characterized bypolypoid masses of organizing inflammatoryexudates and granulation tissue extendingfrom alveoli into bronchioles1. Bacteria pneumonia (1) Lobar pneumoniaan acute bacterial infection of alarge portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe•fibrinous inflammation •Symptoms:abrupt onset,high fever,shaking chills,pleuritic chest pain,a productive mucopurulent cough(“rusty”sputum)congestion stage（2）red hepatization:3rd-4th days gross●the lobe distinctly red, firm, and airless with a liver-like consistency●an overlying fibrinous or fibrinosuppurative pleuritisLMalveolar space: a flock of RBC, packed with fibrin nets which stream from one alveolus through the pores of kohn into adjacent alveoli, neutrophilsLobar pneumonia (gray hepatization). The upper lobe is uniformly consolidated.Lobar pneumonia(gray hepatization).Lobar pneumonia (resolution stage) exudates within the alveoli are enzymatically digested and either resorbed or expectorated, leaving the basic architecture intact.Lobar pneumonia（carnification）(2) Lobular pneumonia( Bronchopneumonia )●clinic: infants, the aged, illness (much more prevalent at the extremes of age)●patchy distribution,a purulent inflammation that centered bronchiolesEtiology and pathogenesisPathogens: staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci, influenzae haemophilusInduce factors: cold, heart failureInfection ways: respiratory tract, bloodLobular pneumonia (Scattered foci of consolidation are centered on bronchi and bronchioles)Foci of inflammatory consolidation are distributed in patches through one or several lobes, in severe cases the foci may confluent, producing the appearance of a lobar consolidationlobular pneumonia (A suppurative, neutrophil-rich exudates fills the bronchi, bronchioles, and adjacent alveolar spaces)lobular pneumoniaInterstitial pneumonia. The alveolar septa are widened and edematous and infiltrated with mononuclear cells.viral inclusion body is round or oval shape, erythrocyte-like in size, eosinophilic cytoplasmic or nuclearSARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)Pathogen: SARS associated cornonavirusLM:diffuse alveolar damage in varying phages oforganization3. Mycoplasmal pneumonia4. Pneumocystis pneumoniapneumocystis9.2 Chronic obstructivepulmonary diseaseA group of conditions that share a major symptom dyspnea and are accompanied by chronic or recurrent obstruction to airflow within the lung9.2.1 Chronic bronchitisA persistent productive cough forat least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive yearsEtiology1. Infectionvirus/ bacteria2. Physical chemical factors（1）smoking （2）air pollution（3）cold （4）others: neuroendocrine, nutritionChronic bronchitis (degeneration, necrosis of the bronchial epithelium with loss of ciliated cells)Mucous glandular metaplasia9.2.2 Pulmonary emphysemaA condition of the lung characterized byabnormal permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminalbronchioles accompanied by destruction of their walls.Alveolar emphysema. Pale, voluminous.Alveolar emphysema (marked enlargement of airspaces, with thinning and destruction of alveolar septa. )2.interstitial emphysema3.others:paracicatrical emphysema bullae lung emphysema senile emphysema compensatory emphysema。
双语医学课件1-呼吸系统Pulmonary System
GasExchange Airways 换气道
L. 112-114 被称作肺泡间孔的的小通道使得空气 从肺泡到肺泡穿过间隔。在截面，肺 泡看似普通的海绵。
Alveolar septa (肺泡隔）
GasExchange Airways 换气道
epithelial layer(上皮层） basement membrane (基膜） Two major ypes of epithelial cells in the alveolus Type I alveolar cells Type II alveolar cells
Mediastinum
Lobes of Lung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Left Upper Lobe Left Lower Lobe Right Upper Lobe Right Middle Lobe Right Lower Lobe
A passage (for the movement of air into and out of the gas-exchange portions of the lung).
exocrine gland (外分泌腺). goblet cells (杯状细胞)
医学英语呼吸系统PPT课件
membrane, the pleura(胸膜), covers the lungs and
lines the thoracic cavity. The outer layer that is
attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity is the
parietal pleura(胸膜壁层); the inner layer that is
医学英语呼吸系统
4
Inhaled air passes into the throat, or pharynx(咽), where it mixes with air that enters through the mouth and also with food destined for the digestive tract. The pharynx is divided into three regions: (1) an upper portion, the nasopharynx(鼻咽), behind the nasal cavity;(2) a middle portion, the oropharynx(口咽), behind the mouth; and (3) a lower portion, the laryngeal pharynx(喉咽), behind the larynx. The palatine tonsils(腭 扁桃体) are on either side of the soft palate(软腭) in the oropharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids(咽扁桃体 ), are in the nasopharynx.
医学英语呼吸系统ppt课件
最新版整理ppt
5
Lower Respiratory Passageways and Lungs
The pharynx conducts air into the trachea, a tube
reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage(软骨) to prevent its
The smallest of the conducting tubes, the bronchioles( 细支气管), carry air into the microscopic air sacs, the aveoli(肺泡), whrough which gases are exchanged between the lungs and the blood.
Medical Terminology（3）
The Respiratory System 呼吸系统
刘帅
研究生英语教研室（综合楼110）
最新版整理ppt
1
Introduction of the Respiratory system
The main function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to body cells for energy metabolism and to eliminate carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism. Because these gases must be carried to and from the cells in the blood, the respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange.
呼吸系统病理1(英文版)课件
Morphology For purposes of description, it is convenient to divide the process into four phases:
(1) Congestion (2) Red hepatizatio (consolidation) (3) Gray hepatization (4) Resolution
The disease which is often seen in previously healthy young adults has a sudden onset and is accompanied by chills, fever , cough with pink-foam sputa and chest-ache.
Basic PATHOLOGY
Respiratory Diseases
Review of
the architecture of the respiratory system
PULMONARY DUCT
PULMONARY ACINUS
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Acute bronchitis
1. Congestion stage (1st-2nd days)
The affected lobe is heavy, red and boggy. A frothy blood-stained fluid can be squeezed from the cut surface.
Histologically, there is vascular congestion with
Classification of pneumonia
呼吸系统_英文版ppt课件
Function
Transports air into the lungs and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. It also receives waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhales it.
.
1
The respiratory system can be divided into two parts: The upper respiratory tracts:mouth, nose & nasal cavity,pharynx and larynx The lower respiratory tracts:trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli,diaphragm
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
Larynx: This is also known as the voice box as it is where sound is generated.It contains the vocal cords. It also helps protect the trachea by producing a strong cough reflex if any solid objects pass the epiglottis.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
（3）gray hepatization: 5th –6th day gross
gray-brown and solid, liver like consistency
LM
the alveolar capillaries appear compressed alveolar spaces: progressive disintegration of
• fibrinous inflammation • Symptoms: abrupt onset, high
fever, shaking chills, pleuritic chest pain, a productive mucopurulent cough ( “rusty” sputum )
Etiology
pathogens： streptococcus-pneumoniae, pneumobacillus
inducing factors: cold, excessive tired, anethesia Pathogenesis bacteria---alveoli---proliferate , capillary dilate, serious exudates---kohn’s pores---spreading entire lobe
mononuclear interstitinal infiltrates— viral/atypical pneumonias
granulomas/ cavitation — chronic pneumonias
1. Bacteria pneumonia (1) Lobar pneumonia
an acute bacterial infection of a large portion of a lobe or of an entire lobe
Chapter 9
Diseases of Respiratory System
9.1 Infection of respiratory tract
Acute tracherobronchitis Acute bronchiolitis Pneumonia
9.1.1 Acute tracheobronchitis
9.1.3 Pneumonia
broadly defined: any infection in the lung histologic spectrum-vary from
a fibrinopurulent alveolar exudate — acute bacterial pneumonia bronchopneumonia lobar pneumonia
an overlying fibrinous or fibrinosuppurative pleuritis
LM alveolar space: a flock of RBC, packed with fibrin nets which stream from one alveolus through the pores of kohn into adjacent alveoli, neutrophils
Acute suppurative tracheobronchitis. There is a significant element of leukocytic infiltration.
Acute ulcerative tracheobronchitis. The inflammatory reaction is more intense, with necrosis of the mucosa in areas, it constitutes an ulcerative form.
9.1.2 Acute bronchiolitis
The bronchioli mucosa is hyperemia and swelling with a lymphomonocytic and leukocytic infiltration of the submucosa accompanied by overproduction of mucous secretions.
neutrophils, RBC , and numerous bacteria
congestion sion: 3rd-4th days
gross
the lobe distinctly red, firm, and airless with a liver-like consistency
Bronchiolitis obliterans is characterized by polypoid masses of organizing inflammatory exudates and granulation tissue extending from alveoli into bronchioles
Pathologic changes （1）congestion stage：1st-2nd days the outpouring of a protein-rich exudate into alveolar spaces and rapid proliferation of bacteria. gross heavy, red, boggy LM alveolar wall: cap. dilate, congestion alveolar space: proteinaceous edema fluid, few
Acute catarrhal tracheobronchitis. The inflammatory exudate on the mucosal surface is chiefly a stringy, basophilic mucus only scantily mixed with leukocytes.