2018年大学英语第一学期期末考试

2018年大学英语第一学期期末考试(A卷)Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %) Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneScience is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience.It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After an experiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite（流星）from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time.After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life”was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by other scientists. That’s how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two. It’s a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.21. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to state that ____________.A) most scientific discoveries are not reliableB) mass media is misleading because it looks at the research results onlyC) scientific research is a process filled with reverses and requires slow and patientworkD) repeated experiments are necessary before medicine can be used in patients22. Publication of a scientific finding signifies __________.A) a challenge to fellow scientists to prove it wrongB) the end of a processC) the beginning of a new scientific inquiryD) the soundness of the result23. Einstein’s words are used to show that he thought___________.A) experiments have proved him rightB) scientists do not need so many experimentsC) one experiment is not enough to prove him wrong.D) scientific ideas are never free from challenge24. NASA’s announcement of the discovery of evidence of ancient life on Mars shows _________.A) the way human beings learn about natureB) the failure of the scientific methodC) the fruitlessness of human search for life on another worldD) the excitement brought by scientific findings25. It can be inferred from the passage that the media is interested in __________.A) the process of scientific researchB) the results of scientific researchC) the scientists who do the researchD) the effects of scientific research on human lifePassage TwoNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the recordis available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26. Normally a student would at least attend __________classes each week.A) 36B) 12C) 20D) 1527. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _______.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because_________.A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority29.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probablybecause_________.A) they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid30. The student organizations seem to be effective in _________.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’ performance by bringi ng them before a courtD) keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeDoreen Sykora is now a junior at Mcgill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, and I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-----eventhough I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.”Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I’m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.31. Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto were filled with nervousness and fear duringexaminations because they were__________.A) not ready and unaware of the answersB) physically so weak that they fell apartC) subject to test anxietyD) unable to write or think clearly32. The higher the students’ worry level is, __________.A) the less calm and relaxing they areB) the more difficult they will be trained to manage fearC) the more stressed and tense they areD) the longer courses they will take to manage fear33. What’s the purpose of some special university student-help courses?A) To help students to reduce test anxiety.B) To show a stress level experienced by students.C) To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.D) To have a better understanding of test anxiety.34. What’s the meaning of “blank out” in paragraph one?A) To be like a blanket.B) To be sure of an answer.C) To be relaxed.D) To be unable to think clearly.35.Which of the following best sums up the organization of the passage?A) Examples----theories----ideas.B) Problem----strategy----examples----results.C) General statement----examples----result.D) Strategy----experiment----examples.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15 %) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe center.36. The president made a _______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, whichencouraged the sportsmen greatly.A)vigorousB)tedious C)flatD)harsh37. It is not easy to learn English well but if you _______, you will succeed in the end.A)hang upB)hang about C)hang onD)hang onto38. Remember that customers don’t _______ about prices in that city.A)debateB)bargain C)disputeD)consult39. The newcomers found it impossible to _______ themselves to the climate sufficiently to makepermanent homes in the new country.A)suitB)adapt C)regulateD)coordinate40. A _______ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A)resultB)function C)settlementD)solution41. You have nothing to _______ by refusing to listen to our advice.A)gainB)grasp C)seizeD)earn42. One day I _______ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at anearby state college.A)came acrossB)came about C)came afterD)came at43. A peculiarly pointed chin is his memorable facial _______.A)markB)feature C)traceD)appearance44. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t _______ anything.A)omitB)leak C)lackD)withdraw45. Our new house is very _______ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A)adaptableB)convenient C)availableD)comfortable46. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _______.A)appreciatedB)approved C)appealedD)applied47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _______ on benches, chairsor boxes.A)having seatedB)seating C)seatedD)having been seated48. He is _______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A)optimisticB)optional C)outstandingD)obvious49. The clothes a person wears may express his _______or social position.A)curiosityB)status C)determinationD)significance50. I don’t know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary.A)throw upB)make out C)refer toD)take over51. Look at these beautiful Japanese stamps. Roger gave them to me in _____ for two sets of 1988British special issue.A)exchangeB)change C)shiftD)switch52. It is rather _____ that the research team as a whole still has little idea about the cause of thatfatal disease.A)rewardingB)demanding C)embarrassingD)requiring53. The people of African interior began to _____ gold in exchange for the goods they neededfrom abroad.A)desireB)afford C)offerD)receive54. We should not blame her for what happened yesterday, because that was outside her _____ofresponsibility.A)fieldB)limit C)extentD)range55. The students put forward some suggestions _____ consideration.A)worthlessB)worthy C)worthD)worthy of56. The author of the report is well _____ with the problem in the hospital because he has beenworking there for many years.A)acquaintedB)informed C)enlightenedD)advised57. After years of hard work, he finally gained ______ to the university which he longed for manyyears.A)accessB)commitment C)opportunityD)reward58. _____ you have passed the driving test successfully, you can drive on your own.A)By nowB)Now and again C)Now thenD)Now that59. Within first seven seconds of meeting, people will form their opinion about others throughunspoken communication like _____, postures and attitudes.A)signsB)gestures C)symptomsD)symbols60. It had never _____ to me that our football team won the game.A)struckB)occurred C)hitD)meant61. The students ______ in cleaning the classroom according to the arrangement.A)alternateB)adapt C)adoptD)admit62. Have you any ______plans about how to deal with these difficulties? We need to bepractical-minded.A)abstractB)consistent C)concreteD)contrary63. The professor was afraid that unless the train speeded up he would miss his _______ to NewYork.A)junctionB)connection C)seatD)carriage64. When writing about controversial topics, some authors try to be _______ without favoringeither side.A)reflectiveB)persuasive C)impressiveD)objective65. Many factors such as too much stress, bad living habits can lead to poor ______ and ill health.A)experienceB)appearance C)performanceD)competencePart IV Cloze (10 %)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into thepassage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center.Language is a signaling system which operates withsymbolic vocal sounds (语声), and which is used by agroup of people for the purpose of communication.Let’s look at this 66______ in more detail, because it is language, more than anything else, 67_____ distinguishes man from the rest of the 68_____ world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by 69_____ of cries: for example, many birds utter (发声) 70_____calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter 71_____ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. 72_____ these various means of communication differ in important ways 73_____ human language. For instance, animals’cries do not 74_____ 66. A) recognitionB) function67. A) itB) that68. A) nativeB) animal69. A) waysB) methods70. A) datingB) exciting71. A) identicalB) different72. A) ButB) Therefore73. A) fromB) about74. A) inferB) explainC) classificationD) definitionC) asD) whatC) humanD) physicalC) meansD) approachesC) warningD) boringC) similarD) unfamiliarC) AfterwardsD) FurthermoreC) withD) inC) interpretD) expressthought and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that75_____ us to divide a human utterance (发声) into 76_____.We can change an utterance by 77_____ one word in it with 78_____: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north”, 79_____ who can change one word and say “aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, 80_____ means “danger!”This is why the number of 81_____ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case 82_____ point; it has about twenty different calls, 83_____ in human language the number of possible utterances is 84_____. It also explains why animal cries are very 85_____ in meaning. 75. A) encouragesB) enforces76. A) soundsB) words77. A) spellingB) saying78. A) oursB) another79. A) soB) but80. A) thisB) that81. A) signsB) signals82. A) inB) at83. A) sinceB) while84. A) limitlessB) boundless85. A) ordinaryB) alikeC) enablesD) ensuresC) voicesD) speechesC) replacingD) pronouncingC) theirsD) othersC) orD) andC) whichD) itC) gesturesD) marksC) ofD) forC) anyhowD) somehowC) changeableD) ceaselessC) commonD) generalPart V Writing (15%) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Online Self-access Learning. You should write at least 120 words. And youshould base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.一些人认为上机自主学习方式好；2.也有一些人认为传统的授课方式好；3.我的看法。