情态动词全解析
![情态动词全解析](https://img.360docs.net/img17/0oyx9fwcb0cmdoduni6-71.webp)
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
情态动词全解析
一、何谓―情态动词‖?
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。情态动词在近五年高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词的表达―情感、态度、语气等‖,情态动词表示―必要性‖等方面的用法。
二、情态动词的特点
1.没有人称和数的变化。
2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:
e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might ,d are → dared
三、情态动词的否定形式
情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
四、情态动词的用法及相互间的区别
[★★★]五、情态动词的解题例析
(1) 认真审题,结合所给出的语境,正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。
(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法,并结合语境推敲答案。
(3) 要注意把握时间概念。
情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”,还是表达“虚拟”这一概念,只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述,一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构;对现在或将来的事情进行描述,用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。
★下面我们来看看常考的一些情态动词★
以下试题均来源于往年的高考试题,具有很强的针对性
(一)情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法
(1) must表示推测,意为―一定……‖,只能用于肯定句中。must have done意为:一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。例如:
—She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam.
—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should
B. could
C. must
D. might
(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测,表示―某事应该或不应该发生‖,语气比must或can’t / couldn’t稍弱。
例如:—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beauti ful?
—It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will
B. would
C. should
D. must
②There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t
B. shan’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
(3) can, could表达推测时,一般用于疑问句和否定句中;can用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性,并不牵涉是否真的会发生,在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用;could用于肯定句中,语气比may/ might更弱。例如:
①You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
A. wouldn’t
B. can’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
②She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t
B. wouldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
③It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.
A. must
B. can
C. should
D. would
④Peter ____ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall
B. should
C. can
D. must
(4)may (not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测,意为―或许,可能‖;might的语气比may 较婉转。
① Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
A. will
B. can
C. must
D. may
②Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must
B. may
C. shall
D. should
③—I can’t find my purse anywhere.
—You __ have lost it while shopping.
A. may
B. can
C. should
D. would
(二)表达虚拟语气的情态动词
对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟,用情态动词+have done这一结构,常用的有以下几个情态动词:
(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。例如:
—I’m sorry. I _________at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout
B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted
(2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如:
Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A. can manage
B. could have managed
C. could manage
D. can have managed
(3) needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达―没有必要去做某事‖,时间上应该是现在或将来。例如:
①—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You ________ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do
B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do
D. shouldn’t have done
② The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow.
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. shouldn’t
(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如:
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal.
A. had scored
B. scored
C. would score
D. would have scored
(5) might have done表示―本来可能……‖,但实际上没有发生的事。例如:
What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better.
A. need have done
B. must have done
C. can have done
D. might have done (三)表达―情感、态度、语气‖ 等方面的情态动词
1. must表达―情感、态度、语气‖主要有以下用法:
(1) 表示主观的义务和必要,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,意思为―必须……,得……,要……‖;由must引起的疑问句,肯定回答要用must或have to,否定回答要用needn’t或don’t have to,意思是―不必‖。另外,must与have to都可以表示―必须‖这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要,而have to表示一种客观的需要,意思是―不得不‖,其否定形式是don’ have to。
例如:-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?
--Well, it ______ be big--that's not important.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. can't
D. won't
(2) must的否定形式mustn’t表示禁止,意思是―不能,不许‖。例如:
When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches
A. wouldn't
B. needn't
C. mustn't
D. daren't
(3) must用于条件句或疑问句中,可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩,意思为―偏要,硬要、干嘛‖。①—May I smoke here?
—If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should
B. could
C. may
D. must
②John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need
2. should
(1) should应该,表示―责任和义务‖。例如:
According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
A. may
B. can
C. would
D. should