香港中文大学博士申请2013-2014入学笔试题目
2023年01月香港中文大学(深圳)理工学院何继善院士团队纪冬旭项目组招聘博士后笔试参考题库含答案解
2023年01月香港中文大学（深圳）理工学院何继善院士团队纪冬旭项目组招聘博士后笔试参考题库含答案解析(图片可自由调整大小)全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！卷I一.高等教育法规(共15题)1.在教育教学活动中，关于教育者与受教育者之间的关系，说法正确的是（）。
A.权利义务平等的民事关系B.上下级之间的行政关系C.是一种“传道授业”、“教学相长”、尊师爱生的特殊法律关系D.是阶级朋友之间的同志关系答案：C本题解析：暂无解析2.关于高等学校埘学生的处分，依照《普通高等学校学生管理规定》，下列说法正确的是（）。
A.学校可以给予学生记过和记大过的处分B.学校应当成立学生申诉处理委员会，受理学生对取消入学资格、退学处理或者违纪处分的申诉C.学校时学生的处分可以不听取学生或其代理人的陈述和申辩D.学校对学生的开除学籍的处分.应经校党委常委会研究决定答案：B本题解析：学校可以给予学生纪律处分的种类有警告、严重警告、记过、留校察看、开除学籍，因此A项错误；在对学生做出处分或者其他不利决定之前，学校应当告知学生做出决定的事实、理由及依据，并告知学生享有陈速和申”的权利，听取学生的陈述和申辩，因此C项错误：学校对学生做出开除学籍处分决定，应当提交校长办公会或者校长授权的专门会议研究决定，因此D项错误。
3.十九大报告首次提出“我们党一定要有新气象新作为”。
这表明（）。
A.新时代党对自身面貌的期望值更高B.新时代党的建设的要求更加全面更加清晰C.新时代党对自身建设要求有了新觉醒新高度D.新时代党的建设的重点更加突出更加务实答案：A本题解析：暂无解析4.根据我国民法通则的规定，学校及其他教育机构应属于（）。
A.企业法人B.社会团体法人C.机关法人D.事业单位法人答案：D本题解析：暂无解析5.在我国，现行教育法对我国教育方针规定的是（）。
A.教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务B.教育必须面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来C.必须与生产劳动相结合D.培养德、智、体等方面全面发展的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人答案：B本题解析：暂无解析6.某高校一名大学生，大一、大二两年成绩优秀，大学三年级时因病退学。
香港中文大学2012-2013汉语语言学与语言习得专业ma笔试题
2012-13 CUHK Recruitment TestMA in LinguisticsMA in Chinese Linguistics and Language AcquisitionName __________________________Email __________________________Phone __________________________University __________________________City __________________________Province __________________________Section OneAnswer all the questions in this section.Question 1Analyze the following data and decide if [s] and [z] are allophones of the same phoneme or belong to different phonemes.Look at the following data involving allomorphic variation:i.lokanta ‘a restaurant’lokantada ‘in/at a restaurant’ii.kapɯ‘a door’kapɯda ‘in/at a door’iii.randevu ‘an appointment’randevuda ‘in/at an appointment’iv.baʃ‘a head’baʃta ‘in/at a head’v.kitap ‘a book’kitapta ‘in/at a book’vi.koltuk ‘an armchair’koltukta ‘in/at an armchair’vii.taraf ‘a side’tarafta ‘in/at a side’(note: ɯ is a high back unrounded vowel)(a) What kind of morphological means does this language employ to express themeaning ‘in/at’?(b) What are the allomorphs of this morpheme?(c) Describe their distribution in the data.(d) What phonological process is involved in such distribution?Question 3What are the possible meanings of ‘unlearnable’ and ‘undoable’? Draw tree diagrams to explain their possible meanings.John drew two structures for the sentence “The technician will fix it tomorrow.”Professor Huang considered Structure A to be the right structure. Please give reasons why Structure A is better than Structure B.Question 5The sentence ‘The student hit the teacher with a ruler’is ambiguous. Illustrate the meaning differences with tree diagrams and appropriate linguistic labels.Explain the difference in use between think of and think about. Look at the concordance lines provided below, taken from a corpus of informal spoken conversation. Are there any generalizations that can be made that would help a learner know when to use think of and when to use think about?THINK OFstank. Then, as he was trying to think of something to say to her (allyes, wedding presents. We must think of something. You probably don’t racking my brains for three hours to think of something, I simply cannot lasta second catastrophe. I tried to think of something to say myself, but myoffered frills. Nicandra tried to think of something pleasing to say: only you were here, then we could think of something to do. “Christopher groaning quietly, perhaps trying to think of something that summed up what let said nothing. He had tried to think of something to say, but the onlylunch?’ ‘Ah me, the young! You think of nothing but your stomachs.sympathy and collusion. But I can think of nothing to say. Perdie says,she tried to speak, but she could think of nothing, and her mother, shiftinganything so familiar, and he could think of nothing on earth to say. Itman in the word.’ ‘As he could think of nothing else, Martin repeatedBut try as she might, she could think of nothing to say like that, fiercelistening. ‘Can we ourselves think of nothing that needs to be done?‘what an idiot I was not to think of it before! You all right Elfie?…no, wait a minute, come to think of it you’re finding. hmm.or him, on other occasions, come to think of it. We’ve been aware of each happened to those kids. And come to think of it, Hamelin’s rats and children like that five years ago, come to think of it, or even ten. It’s thewash his feet, he had seen, come to think of it, the moon not too remote fromprobably cheaper than Selina, come to think of it, what with the hotel mark could have. I didn’t happen to think of it then. ‘And when did youher pregnant. Better not even to think of it. Just go on hating him,and done with. Don’t let us ever think of it again. My family always ‘H ow nice. What did you think of it?’ Patrice held her breath,THINK ABOUTYou wouldn’t just think about it it’s just gone isn’t it Well that’s a good way, if you think about it he’s got, he’s got fourmore, I mean they can wear, if you think about it they were suits in the When you think about it, yeah he was So what ‘It seems easier that way when you think about it dunnit? Mm it’s a lot be does that come from? Oh when you think about it Pledge, why do they call wasn’t the money really when you think about it because at end of day, more. I mean they can wear if you think about it they wear suits in the week! And why, they won’t need to think about it, they can talk you out of penetrating at lasers. ‘We might think about that, ‘I say at last.I’ll h ave to start and think about that train, Dwight.see it. That’s the way I like to think about that sort of place. It’s another way, but I don’t want to think about that for a while. ‘Timothyget eight to twenty-five. Now think about that. The district attorneySection TwoAnswer one of the questions in either English or Chinese:Question 1Pennington & Richards (1986: 219) remarked: ‘Pronunciation forms a natural link to other aspects of language use, such as listening, vocabulary, and grammar.’ Discuss the role of pronunciation plays in second language acquisition. How important do you think it is for L2 learners to acquire good pronunciation skills at the initial phase of their language acquisition? To facilitate your work, you may choose one of the following aspects and discuss in depth your understanding of the issues involved:a.vocabulary buildingb.speech intelligibilityc.phonological processes in readingd.general speech processingYou may discuss other related issues as well.(Reference: Pennington, M. C., & Richards, J. C. (1986). Pronunciation revisited. TESOL Quarterly, 20(2), 207-225.)Question 2Evaluate the following sentences produced by a learner of Chinese. Correct the sentences if they are ungrammatical, and justify your analysis with detailed explanation, showing your understanding of the Chinese grammar.1)来北京前，我不对北京熟悉。
香港中文大学年面试笔试题目完整版
香港中文大学年面试笔试题目HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】香港中文大学（深圳）2014年综合测评笔试面试部分题目面试中文（面试官问一个问题，六个人轮流回答）：1、如果可以，你最想重新做的一件事是什么？2、如果你穿越回一千多年前遇到一个智者，你会问他什么问题？3、你最想改变自己哪一点？4、你的偶像是谁？5、到目前位置你认为你人生中最大的成就是什么？6、给你1万块钱，一天用完，你会怎么用？7、你对你大学新宿舍舍友一见面说的头三句话是什么？8、你最大的弱点是什么？9、你以后想干嘛？（理想类）英文（面试官给一个topic，六个人以无组织小组讨论形式进行讨论）：1、one child policy 的利弊2、如何解决食品安全问题3、the definition of success4、中国面临的最大问题是什么5、讨论social network的好坏6、现在青年是不是都很拜金7、你认为未来的世界语言是什么？笔试中文（三选一）：1、评述”父母在,不远游“的孝道观，与如今出国进修出国读书有没有矛盾2、从孔子的中庸之道分析中庸的利弊3、有关幸福观?英文（四选一）：记叙文写happy events三篇议论文，其中一个是air pollution（另外两篇没人记得，因为那两篇大家都没选）笔试题英语作文请从以下3个关键词句中，选出一项，进行阐述。
要求字数：200—250字1、哪件事是对你影响深刻的事，如果再来一次你怎么做？2、空气污染的原因和对策？3、如何看待贫富差距？中文作文请从以下3个关键句中，选择一个，谈谈你的看法。
要求字数：800字左右1、父母在不远游2、什么是幸福3、中庸之道对中国的影响面试题中文题1、到目前为止，你人生中最有成就的事是什么？2、如果你遇到1000年前的一位智者，你会如何与他交流，跟他说什么？3、你进入大学后，最想跟你的舍友说的三件事情是什么？4、给你1万元钱，你怎么做？5、最近对你影响最大的一本书，请介绍下这本书。
博士研究生考试试题
博士研究生考试试题一、名词解释1、professional paper（第一页）2、subjective description（77页）3、technical report（166页）二、简答题1、写出确定题目中的5个基本原则（第5页）2、P21第一题；3、P40页第二题；4、P55第二题；5、P69第一题；6、P88第三题；7、P125第二题；三、论述题1、P49，根据这个例子，分析5A步骤。
（首先写5A指的是什么，然后再写上P49这一段）。
2、P155如何看待剽窃问题。
（可加上自己的观点）名词解释1.Professional paper:A professional paper is a formal printed document in which professional present their views and research finding on any deliberately chosen topic. It is variously known as “research paper”, “course paper”, “thesis paper” or “library paper”.2.Subjective description:subjective description shows the author’s impressions of or responses to what they see. The author does not only want of describe the object itself but also express directly or indirectly his impressions or opinions of what he is describing.3. Technical report: technical report refers to the papers whose contents involve certain unpublicized key technologies, technical know-how, or traditional Chinese technological processes, special raw materials, new technologies or methods that may bring about greater economic benefit, as well as technical renovation and transformation of relevant devices, instrument, prototypes, etc.简答题1.Finding topics: (1) It should be a topic within the reach of the author and capable of being finished within the assigned or suggested time limited. (2) It should be a topic of practical value for the specialty or the development of economy or science in general. (3) It should be a topic for which sufficient materials and documents can be made available either through readings or through investigations. Research work is by nature discovery and creation. (4) It should bear being tested theoretically and experimentally if his research is experimentation and investigation in nature as science demands thoroughness, accuracy and objectivity. (5) It should be a topic free from the author’s personal bias or preference even if it may be a topic of humanistic nature.2. What are the general functions of a title in a professional paper?(1) Generalizing the text; By glancing at the title, the reader will immediately know, incorporating with the abstract, what is mainly dealt with in the paper.(2) Attracting the reader; Ideally, the title should be such that, by reading it, any professional reader can see whether the paper is worth reading at all.(3) Facilitating the retrieval. A good title can help the readerin his search for information.3. What are the writing requirements for an abstract?(1) Integrity; An abstract should include what the writer has done and what he has achieved within the scope of the topic, such as the research theories, research methods, investigations and experimental results and conclusions. To differentiate his paper work from others, the writer needs to stress his own contribution.(2) Concise; The writer’s abstract is a miniature version of the body of his paper, self-contained and unambiguous.(3) Consistency; As a mini-paper, an abstract should be consistent with the other parts of the whole paper.(4) Concentration; An evaluation of a new technique or a discussion of the validity of the new results should properly appear in the conclusive section.4. What are the “5 step” in abstract writing?(1) Underlining key words and sentences; Underline the key words and sentences which are often signaled by transitional devices.(2) Listing essential point of the paper; Try to put the same emphasis onto the points of your paper as you did with the original paper.(3) Boiling down each section to a sentence or two; This is especially important for a descriptive (or indicative) abstract.(4) Drafting the abstract; Use your own words wherever possible.(5) Checking the final draft. Firstly, it should be shorten further to a minimum length. Secondly recheck the abstract until you are satisfied with it. Finally, the abstract should be read critically by your colleagues for objectivity.5. What is your understanding of the structural features of the introduction?(1)Introducing the subject; Since the topic in this section is what the paper is going to deal with, the readers, then, can get a preliminary but overall impression before going on with the full text of the paper.(2) Limiting the research scope; Only when an introduction clearly defines the limits of the research scope can readers retrieve the information efficiently provided that the subject is introduced correctly.(3) Stating the general purpose; The function of stating the general purpose is aimed at telling the reader of the general purpose of the why to where to start or where to guide.(4) Showing the writing arrangement. The logical arrangement of the writing enables the reader to understand the paper more easily when further reading is necessary.6. What are the main methods of logical development?(1) Developing by chronological sequence; (2) Developing by investigation procedures;(3) Developing the research “from abstract to concrete”; (4) Developing the research “from concrete to abstract”; (5) Developing by using other logical sequencing.7. Give your understanding of the writing requirements for results with your own example?(1) Any data shown in this section must be meaningful. (2) The presentation of results should be short without verbiage and be of crystal clarity.论述题1. P49，根据这个例子，分析5A步骤。
香港中文大学博士申请2013-2014入学笔试题目
香港中文大学博士申请2013-2014入学笔试题目第一篇：香港中文大学博士申请2013-2014入学笔试题目香港中文大学2013-2014语言学专业博士入学笔试此次笔试共有有五道题目，其中第一道必做，后四道中选做两道。
1.给了乔姆斯基（2001）的一段话，大意是语言虽然会受到环境的影响，但是却是由基因决定的一种认知能力，是大脑认知体系的一个子系统（subsystem）。
然后是O’Grady(2010)的一段话，关于浮现主义（emergenism），大意是语言的习得由“非语言因素”决定，如认知，记忆，输入，交际等等、要求：概况上述两种语言观，说明你的理解，然后对其进行评价（critically）2.语音题：sectionA---对“juncture”下了个定义，指的是语音的分界点（？），如great eyes，听起来也可以理解为grey ties。
有人做了一个研究，研究的是英式英语（BE）、新加坡英语（SE）和港式英语（HKE）中的语音分界点，被试分别是上述三种英语的speaker，让他们听辨BE、SE和HKE，记录了正确率和反应时，有三个图表。
要求：观察总结“patterns”，并分析原因。
----这个没看明白，语音学学得不好还有一个sectionB，忘记了，也是跟语音有关的 3.Section A--四组句子，一正一误（1）He asked Mary to leave on her own.*He asked Mary to leave on his own.（2）Peter ordered Mary to leave on her own.*P eter ordered Mary to leave on one’s own.（3）Peter cancelled the trip to save money for himself.*Peter cancelled the trip to save money for oneself.(4)To behave oneself is very important.*To behave himself is very important.要求：1）为每组的正确句子画出树形图2）运用Case theory 和Binding Theory 解释错句3）上述理论多大程度上是Universal的？用你自己的语言的例子进行说明。
[金牌原创]博士生综合考试(口试)参考题.doc
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博士生综合考试（口试）参考题（2014. 12）1、基础部分分类参考题现代数学1.请你谈谈数学与其他学科发展的关系，并列举一些你的研究领域中所常用的数学方法和技巧。
2.按照数学的历史发展，它可以分为初等数学、高等数学和现代数学。
请你描述现代数学的特征。
3.矩阵理论被称为高等数学屮的算术（R. Bellman语）。
请举例说明矩阵理论的一些运用。
近代物理、光学1.简述牛顿时空观和爱因斯坦时空观之特点。
2.简述相对论中同时的相对性和运动的时钟变慢的物理意义。
3.物体运动时的质量m和静止时的质量m（）有何区别。
4.说明相对论质能关系E=mc2的物理意义和E=mc2-m（）c2的意义。
5.简述光电效应的物理意义。
6.在量子物理学中微观粒子具有哪二重性？7.不确定关系说明了微观粒子的什么性质。
高等化学1.碳的同素异形体有哪些？并简述碳纳米管研究的新进展。
2.阐述键价理论的基本概念？请举例说明。
3.矿物表面荷电的原因是什么？4.简述纳米材料（粒子）的待征。
5.举例说明亲水性大分子在矿物加工中的应用。
6.DLVO理论的本质是什么？举例说明DLVO理论的应用。
7.化学电源的种类有哪些？8.消除NOx和SO2带來的环境污染一直是一个热门研究课题，请简要叙述消除NOx和煤及石油加工、使用中脱硫的方法。
思想政治1.试述中国特色社会主义的一条道路和一个理论体系的内容，以及坚持这条道路和这个理论体系的重大意义。
2.试述构建社会主义和谐社会的指导思想、目标任务和原则。
3.联系当前实际，谈谈怎样增强社会主义意识形态的吸引力和凝聚力。
4.着眼改革创新，谈谈怎样在思想政治工作中注重人文关怀和心理疏导。
5.谈谈你对唯物辩证法与科学发展观的关系的看法。
2、扩充知识部分分类参考题知识经济与技术创新1.什么是技术创新扩散？2.什么是知识创新？高技术创新有哪些风险？现代信息技术3.请给岀信息的定义？信息可以计量吗？信息量与事物发生的概率有什么关系？4.请说明什么是现代信息技术？它涉及到哪些技术？5.请说明现代信息技术的核心技术是什么？知识经济与技术创新6.人类经济发展可分为哪几个阶段，各阶段发展起决定作用的关键因素是什么？7.知识经济的主要特点是什么？8.为什么说知识经济是可持续发展的经济？9.什么是高科技，知识经济的支柱产业有哪些？10.发展知识经济需要哪些必要条件？什么叫技术创新？煤炭加工利用11.试从我国能源资源结构说明煤炭在廿一世纪上半叶仍应为第一能源？12.一次能源一般有那些，我国主要的一次能源是什么，和发达国家相比，我国一次能源的结构有什么特点？13.什么叫水煤浆，使用它的优点是什么？煤炭是否是一种洁净燃料，为什么？14.在一次能源屮现称为洁净能源的有哪几种？环境学、环境生态学15.为什么说，我国的大气污染是煤烟型污染16.何谓可持续发展，在可持续发展战略中环境保护的地位和作用是什么？17.什么是清洁生产，它对环境保护工作的作用是什么？1&白色污染指的是什么，对它的控制途径主要有那些？19.为什么要保护大气臭氧层，破坏因素是什么？20.什么是环境意识？今天的主要世界环境问题有那些？21.什么是温室效应，对资源与环境保护有何不利影响？22.对三峡工程可能带来的环境影响你能说出多少？23.生态意识有那些主要观点？24.什么是绿色消费？在大学校园中倡导“绿色文化”你认为应发展的主要方面有哪些？25.煤炭开采过程中对环境产生那些影响？SK方程族的代数几何解(2014. 6.4)26.己知谱问题怎样从该谱问题得到该族方程？27.刘维尔定理在弯曲的Riemann面上是否依然成立？2&矩阵W —是否满足驻定的?W⑵29.3是全纯的吗？30.是否可以用相同的方法求解kk方程的代数几何解？生物遗迹学理论与应用研究(2014. 5.9)31.遗迹化石与实体化石的区别？32.遗迹化石的研究方法有哪些？33.遗迹化石有哪些种类？34.遗迹化石具备哪些性质？35.遗迹化石的描述方法？选煤工程设计思路与进展(2014. 4. 29)36.简述我国煤炭资源分布有何特点？37.简要说明我国选煤现状？3&简要说明我国选煤设备发展现状39.选煤厂工程设计主要有哪几个阶段？40.选煤厂车间设备布置遵循原则是什么？煤岩剪切变形及其结构演化(2014. 4. 20)41.当煤层围岩为沉积岩时，煤层为什么却发生了变质和变形作用？42.与构造岩的分类相比，构造煤的分类有什么不同？43.煤岩为有机岩，能否向无机岩转化？其转化的条件是什么？44.煤岩为什么易发生剪切变形，其剪切变形特征有哪些？45.煤岩构造变形是否影响到微-纳米结构的变化？改进的Anderson断层模式及在裂陷盆地中的应用(2014. 4. 7)46.Anderson断层模式的假设前提是什么？47.Anderson断层模式在应用屮发现存在哪些问题？48.什么是“摩尔空间” ？49.用改进的Anderson断层模式如何解释裂陷盆地复杂断裂系统的成因机制？50.改进的Anderson断层模式对经典断层模式的改进表现在哪几个方面？SVC和STATC0M应用于提髙交直流混联电网稳定性和抑制次同步振荡(2014. 3. 29)51.HVDC引起次同步振荡的可能來源主要有哪些？52.电网的静态电压稳定性和暂态电压稳定性分别指什么？53.按照传统方式两套直接并联运行的独立控制的SVC之间出现无功振荡的原因？54.SVC抑制次同步谐振是通过什么原理实现的？55.为什么电网需要动态无功电压支撑？低渗透油气储层裂缝的分布规律与预测评价方法(2014. 3. 27)56.储层裂缝有哪些成因类型？57.储层裂缝有哪些控制因素？5&拉张裂缝和扩张裂缝形成的地质条件哟哟什么差异？59.裂缝在致密低渗透储层中的作用有哪些？60.储层裂缝的预测方法有哪几类？根据气候条件设计一如何建造适合当地气候坏境的绿色建筑(2014. 3. 17)61.绿色建筑的特征是什么？62.为什么要做轻质建筑呢？63.绿色建筑为什么要大量使用钢材？64.中国政府对待绿色建筑的态度是什么？65.如何看待清华的节能楼？当代中国文化软实力构建与大学的文化担当(2013. 12.3)66.建构当代中国文化软实力的重要意义？67.如何理解文化软实力是综合国力的重要组成部分？6&如何理解道德是文化软实力的制高点？69.大学在中国文化软实力建构过程中的地位？70.大学生在当代中国文化软实力建构中的责任？中国共产党与中国梦(2013. 11. 19)71.中国梦的基本概念是什么？72.孔子的大同世界思想的内容是什么？73.陈独秀的新社会理想是什么样子的？74.中国共产党靠什么实现了救国救民的梦想？75.如何理解党中央的富民强国战略？Novel Tailings Management Technologies (2013. 11. 15)76.传统的尾矿处理方式是什么？77.使用尾矿库处理尾矿会对坏境产生哪些危害？78.新型的尾矿处理方法有哪些？79.尾矿根据其颗粒粒径的组成分为儿类？80.固结尾矿的技术有哪些？岩石力学若干进展与面临挑战(2013. 11. 13)81.我国目前试验技术的发展如何？82.我国关于岩石力学的数值分析方法有哪些？83.岩石力学发展面临的挑战有哪些？84.我国学者过去30年对岩石力学的研究情况是怎样的？85.中国岩石力学的研究现状是怎样的？注：本参考题适用于2014年12月综合考试(口试)；口试时专家将根据研究牛的选题情况、所学专业等参考此有关的参考题进行提问。
2023年08月香港中文大学(深圳)未来智联网络研究院博士后招聘强化练习卷(二)
2023年08月香港中文大学（深圳）未来智联网络研究院博士后招聘强化练习卷(二)1、单选题“南陈北李，相约建党”，这里的“李”指的是：_____A: 李达B: 李汉俊C: 李大钊D: 李立三参考答案: C本题诠释:【答案】C。
解析：“南陈北李，相约建党”，“南陈”指陈独秀，“北李”指李大钊。
故本题答案选C。
第1题所属考点-题库原题2、单选题某高校拟发文处理在期末考试作弊的同学，应用_____行文。
A: 通报B: 通知C: 通告D: 决定参考答案: A本题诠释:【答案】A。
解析：通报适用于表彰先进、指责错误、传达重要精神和告知重要状况。
故本题答案选A。
第2题所属考点-题库原题3、单选题当前我国推行产业升级的最直接、最重要的途径是_____。
A: 增加规模效应B: 创新驱动进步C: 降低成本消耗D: 扩大品牌营销参考答案: B本题诠释:【答案】B。
第3题所属考点-题库原题4、单选题张某为甲单位工程师，2013年2月调到乙单位工作。
甲、乙两单位约定，张某在甲单位承担的未完成的探究任务，由张在乙单位继续完成。
2013年年底，该项探究取得了效果，该项效果应由谁享有？_____A: 张某独立享有B: 甲乙两单位分享C: 甲单位独立享有D: 乙单位独立享有参考答案: C本题诠释:C［解析］本题考查法律常识。
对于个人离开公司后的科研效果，双方如有商定的按商定；若是利用工作时间或者利用公司提供的条件完成的，则归公司全部。
本题中是甲乙两公司共同商定，由张某完成尚未完成的任务，科研结果应归甲公司全部。
因此，本题答案为C。
第4题所属考点-题库原题5、单选题在社会公共生活中提议_____精神，是社会主义道德建设的核心和原则在公共生活领域的体现，也是社会主义人道主义的基本要求。
A: 敬业奉献B: 助人为乐C: 爱岗敬业D: 文明礼貌参考答案: B本题诠释:参考答案:B【解析】在社会公共生活中提议助人为乐精神，是社会主义道德建设的核心和原则在公共生活领域的体现，也是社会主义人道主义的基本要求。
2013中大考博题
The war was the most peaceful period of my life. The window of my bedroom faced southeast. My mother had curtained it，but that had small effect. I always woke up with the first light and，with all the responsibilities of the previous day melted，felt myself rather like the sun，ready to shine and feel joy. Life never seemed so simple and clear and full of possibilities as then. I stuck my feet out under the sheets-I called them Mrs. Left and Mrs. Right-and invented dramatic situations for them in which they discussed the problems of the day. At least Mrs. Right did；she easily showed her feelings，but I didn “t have the same control of Mrs. Left，so she mostly contented herself with nodding agreement.They discussed what Mother and I should do during the day，what Santa Claus should give a fellow for Christmas，and what steps should be taken to brighten the home. There was that little matter of the baby，for instance. Mother and I could never agree about that. Ours was the only house in the neighborhood without a new baby，and Mother said we couldn“t afford one till Father came back from the war because if cost seventeen and six. That showed how foolish she was. The Geneys up the road had a baby，and everyone knew they couldn”t afford seventeen and six. It was probably a cheap baby，and Mother wanted something really good，but I felt she was too hard to please. The Geneys“baby would have done us fine.Having settled my plans for the day，I got up，put a chair under my window，and lifted the frame high enough to stick out my head. The window overlooked the front gardens of the homes behind ours，and beyond these it looked over a deep valley to the tall，red-brick house up the opposite hillside，which were all still shadow，while those on our side of the valley were all lit up，though with long storage shadows that made them seem unfamiliar，stiff and painted.After that I wentsintosMother“s room and climbedsintosthe big bed. She woke and I began to tell her of my schemes. By this time，though I never seem to have noticed it，I was freezing in my nightshirt，but I warmed up as I talked until the last frost melted. I fell asleep beside her and woke again only whenI heard her below in the kitchen，making breakfast.1、How did the author feel early in the morning？A、He felt frightened by the war.B、He felt cheerful.C、He felt puzzled by the dramatic situations around him.D、He felt burdened with responsibilities.2、When he woke up in the morning，he would ____.A、visit Mrs. Left and Mrs. RightB、roll up the curtainsC、try to work out his plans for the dayD、make Mrs. Left argue with Mrs. Right3、What did the author think of his mother？A、She was stubborn.B、She was poor.C、She was not very intelligent.D、She did not love him very much.4、Where was the author“s father during the war？A、He was out on business.B、He was working in another town.C、He went traveling.D、He was fighting in the front.5、In which month did the story probably take place？A、In January.B、In September.C、In December.D、In November.参考答案 B C A D Cpassage twoHow we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell ns,we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandm others did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats,for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and A merica, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy”look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!72. The author thinks that people are ___.A. satisfied with their appearanceB. concerned about appearance in old ageC. far from neglecting what is in fashionD. reluctant to follow the trends in fashion73. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to___.A. confidence in lifeB. personal dressC. individual hair styleD. personal future74. Causes of fashions are ___.A. uniformB. variedC. unknownD. inexplicable.75. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes___.A. uniformityB. formalityC. informalityD. individuality76. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Care about appearance in formal situations.B. Fashion in formal and informal situations.C. Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D. Ignoring appearance in all situations.参考答案：1. C 2. A 3. B 4.D 5.Apassage threeHow often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is “never”, or “hardly ever”. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms--driving in traffic, problems with personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not the “baddy”it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to level performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact, we invoke the “fight”mechanism, which in more primitive days made the difference between life and death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is diverted to cope with the stress, with the result that other functions, such as digestion, are neglected.It is when such a reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease(冠心病)all have established links with stress. The way stress affects a person also varies with the individual. Stress in some people produces stomach disorders, while others succumb to tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it.1. The reason that many people find it very difficult to relax these days is that ___.A. they are working harder than they used to be.B. they are often too busy to find the time.C. they are suffering from the effects of stress.D. they are not clear of how to relax by themselves.2. We learn from the passage that ___.A. how much stress one can bear depends greatly on whether he knows the art of relaxation.B. people in primitive days survived from stress because they found certain mechanism to cope with it.C. if one gets into the habit of relaxing every day he can overcome stress easily.D. stress can lead to serious health problem if one is exposed to it for too long.3. The sentence “Stress, in fact, is not the ‘baddy’it is often reputed to be”suggests that ___.A. stress used to have a bad reputation of causing ill health.B. we should not take it for granted that stress is unavoidable.C. stress is not so terrible as people often believe it to be.D. people do not think stress is as harmful as it was before.4. The pronoun “it”at the end of the passage refers back to __.A. ill healthB. exposureC. reactionD. stress.5. What is writer’s attitude to stress according to the passage?A. Stress as well as relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.B. Stress produces both positive and negative effects on people.C. Stress should not be eliminated completely from the life.D. People usually work better under stress if they are healthy.答案：BDCDBPassage foreSo what are books good for ? My best answer is that books produce knowledge by encasing it．Books take ideas and set them down，transforming them through the limitations of space into thinking usable by others．In 1959，C．P．Snow threw down the challenge of “two cultures．’’the scientific and the humanistic，pursuing their separate，unconnected lives within developed societies．In thenew-media ecology of the 21st century，we may not have closed that gap，but the two cultures of the contemporary world are the culture of data and the culture of narrative．Narrative is rarely collective．It isn’t infinitely expandable．Narrative has a shape and a temporality，and it ends，just as our lives do．Books tell stories．Scholarly books tell scholarly stories．Storytelling is central to the work of the narrative-driven disciplines—the humanities and the nonquantitative social sciences—and it is central to the communicative pleasures of reading．Even argument is a form of narrative．Different kinds of books are，of course，good for different things．Some should be created only for download and occasional access，as in the case of most reference projects，which these days are born digital or at least given dual passports．But scholarly writing requires narrative fortitude，on the part of writer and reader．There is onthing wiki about the last set of Cambridge University Press monographs(专著)I purchased，and in each I encounter an individual speaking subject．Each single-author book is immensely particular，a story told as only one storyteller could recount it．Scholarship is a collagist(拼贴画家)，building the next road map of what we know book by book．Stories end，and that，I think，is a very good thing．A single authorial voice is a kind of performance，with an audience of one at a time，and no performance should outstay its welcome．Because a book must end，it must have a shape，the arc of thought that demonstrates not only the writer’s command of her or his subject but also that writer’s respect for the reader．A book is its own set of bookends．Even if a book is published in digital form，freed from its materiality，that shaping case of the codex(古书的抄本)is the ghost in the knowledge-machine．We are the case for books．Our bodies hold the capacity to generate thousands of ideas，perhaps even a couple of full-length monographs，and maybe a trade book or two．If we can get them right，books are luminous versions of our ideas，bound by narrative structure so that others can encounter those better，smarter versions of us on the page or screen．Books make the case for us，for the identity of the individual as an embodiment of thinking in the world．The heart of what even scholars do is the endless task of making that world visible again and again by telling stories，complicated and subtle stories that reshape us daily so that new forms of know1edge can shine out．(35)According to the author，the narrative culture is ．A．connectable B．infinitely expandableC．collective D．nonquantitative(36) Storytelling can be regarded as the essence of all the following EXCEPT ．A．the humanities B．the reference booksC．the social sciences D．the pleasures of reading(37) What does the phrase “nothing wiki about’’(Para．2)mean according to the passage?A．Nothing casual about．B．Nothing stimulating about．C．Nothing referential about．D．Nothing controversial about．(38) Why is each single-author book immensely particular according to the passage?A．Because it enriches and restructures our knowledge in its own way．B．Because it puts together the particular stories we need．C．Because it tells single-handedly how we should perform．D．Because it helps to make the map for our travel in particular places．(39) We may think highly of a writer if his or her work helps ．A．to haunt us like a ghost in the knowledge-machineB．to publish books in a narrative structureC．to review a book on the page or screenD．to illuminate us in a new form of knowledge(40) Why does the writer think that even argument is a form of narrative?A．Because it can be accessed and downloaded anywhere anytime．B．Because it is born digital or it might have dual passports．C．Because it has the 1imitation of time both for the writer and the reader．D．Because it will remain a better and smarter version for us on the page．参考答案：1、B 2、C 3、A 4、D 5、Cpassage fiveThe American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise，market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen，striving to make profits，produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen；and the profit motive，operating under competitive pressures，largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus，in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers，coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes，that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy，this mechanism is provided by a price system，a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand，the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If，on the other hand，producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost，this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers，which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus，price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individual are allowed to own productive resources （private property），and they are permitted to hire labor，gain control overnatural resources，and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy，the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights，including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.1.In Para. 1，“ the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means ___.A.Americans never feel satisfied with their incomes.B.Americans tend to overstate the amount of their incomes.C.Americans want to have their incomes increased.D.Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes.2.The first two sentences in the second paragraph clarity the idea to us that ___.A.producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production.B.consumers can express their demands through producers.C.producers decide the prices of products.D.supply and demand regulate prices.3.The word “embraces” in Para. 3 probably parallels ___.A.enfoldB.hugprehendD.support4.According to the passage，a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ___.A.private property and rights concerned.B.manpower and natural resources control.C.ownership of productive resourcesD.free contracts and prices.5.The passage is mainly talking about ___.A.how American goods are produced.B.how American consumers buy their goods.C.how American economic system works.D.how American businessman make their profits.答案：DDCACpassage sixWithin that exclusive group of literary characters who have survived through the centuries--from Hamlet to Huckleberry Finn--few can rival the cultural impact of Sherlock Holmes. Since his first public appearance 20 years ago, the gentleman with the curved pipe and a taste for cocaine, the master of deductive reasoning and elaborate disguise, has left his mark everywhere--in crime literature, film and television, cartoons and comic books.At Holmes' side, of course, was his trusted friend Dr. Watson. Looming even larger, however, was another doctor, one whose medical practice was so slow it allowed him plenty of time to pursue his literary ambition. His name: Arthur Conan Doyle. As the creator of these fictional icons, Conan Doyle has himself become something of a cult figure, the object of countless critical studies, biographies and fan clubs.Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh in 1859, in a respectable middle-class Catholic family. Still, it was far from an easy life. There was never enough money; they moved frequently in search of lower rents; and his father, a civil servant and illustrator was an alcoholic who had to be institutionalized. Yet the early letters he wrote to his mother are surprisingly optimistic, concerned mainly with food, clothes, allowances and schoolwork. At 14 came his first unforgettable visit to London, including Madame Tussaud's, where he was "delighted with the room of Horrors, and the images of the murderers."A superb student, Conan Doyle went on to medical school, where he was attracted by Dr. Joseph Bell, a professor with an uncanny ability to diagnose patients even before they opened their mouths. For a time he worked as Bell's outpatient clerk and would watch, amazed, at how the location of a callus could reveal a man's profession, or how a quick look at a skin rash told Bell that the patient had once lived in Bermuda. In 1886, Conan Doyle outlined his first novel, A Study in Scarlet, which he described as "a simple tale of mystery to make a little extra money." Its main character, initially called Sherringford Hope and later called Sherlock Holmes, was based largely on Bell. But Holmes' first appearance went almost unnoticed, and the struggling doctor devoted nearly all of his spare time to writing long historical novels in the style of Sir Walter Scott—novels that he was convinced would make his reputation. It wasn't to be. In 1888, Holmes reappeared in A Scandal in Bohemia, a short story in Strand Magazine. And this time, its hero took an immediate hit and Conan Doyle's life would never be the same.1. The typical features of Sherlock Holmes were all EXCEPTA. rational.B. sociable.C. intelligent.D. cunning.2. Which of the following is NOT true about Conan Doyle and his family?A. He came from a middle-class family.B. They led a hard life in Edinburgh.C. His father was addicted to drinking.D. His mother had received little education.3. How did Conan Doyle feel about his first visit to London?A. It was horrible.B. It was pleasant.C. It was awful.D. It was memorable.4. We can infer from the last paragraph thatA. the more calluses a person has, the more professional he would be.B. writers often base their writing on personal experiences.C. Conan Doyle has gone through a period of hardship on his way to success.D. inspiration was very important for a person to create something.5. Conan Doyle's short story "A Scandai in Bohemia" has proved to be __ at last.A. successfulB. powerfulC. ridiculousD. frustrating1．[B]细节判断题。
13--14香港中文大学MA语言学试题.docx
2012-13 CUHK Recruitment TestMA in LinguisticsMA in Chinese Linguistics and Language AcquisitionName ________________________________Email ________________________________Phone _______________________________University ____________________________City __________________________ProvinceSection OneAnswer all the questions in this section.Question 1Examine the following words from Michoacan Aztec, a language of Mexico. 1. [nokali] 6my house 52. [mopelo] "your dog 53. [nokalimes] "my houses 94. [mopelomes] “your dogs'5. [mokali] "your house ，6. [ikwahmili] “his comfield ,7. [ikali]“his house ,& [nokwahmili] 6my cornfield 99. [nopelo] "my dog'10. [mokwahmili]“your comfield ,(1) Fill in the blanks with the corresponding Michoacan morphemes: _______ house _______ dog _______ cornfield _______ plural marker(2) What does [ipelo] mean?(3)How would you say 'his cornfields' in Michoacan?________ my _________ your ________ hisQuestion 2Daga is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea. Determine if [s] and [t] in this language are allophones of the same phoneme or if they belong to different phonemes.If they are allophones of the same phoneme, write a phonological rule for their realization and name the rule. If they belong to different phonemes, give the evidence・jamosivin I am licking urase holetopen hit jamotain they will licksinao drum use thereasi grunt wagat holidaytave old anet we should gosimura whisper siuran saltsenao shout otu littletuian I killQuestion 3It is well-known that sentences such as 黃經理喜歡飲紅酒的卜屬may causedifficulty in parsing.(a)How do we call this kind of sentences in linguistics?(b)With appropriate linguistic concepts, discuss why this kind of sentences may causedifficulty in parsing.(c)Draw tree diagrams to further explain the difficulty.Question 4Table 1 shows some authentic data sample taken from an English corpus (i.e. language database).a.Based on the given data, state three common types of complements of the verb“admit". one advantage of this corpus-based approach to the study of verbalcomplements ・Table L Actual,and although I talked the empirical linguis — linguisism ・ I mustrm not coming home ・[unclear] the girl said, [pause] I must puttinga [unclear] into pigeons! Yeah, you've got toer, he turned round er [pause] he was very polite [pause] I mustand one [unclear] in Christian names I always think. I mustBill which my amendments seeks to seeks to change [pause] both are I say there Fm not tax paying ・ Yes, I must an-・ I know. and and he saystoo [pause] he had losomething we can all support. Councillor [gap:name] 11 had toto be absolutely sure ・ Now I would be the first to and they are part of an evolutionary heritage ・ Now ，IYeah ・ Till they gave it back ・ And no one dare Wilson, I doubt if he did, I mean everybody would him under the table! But the, er Bernard you must lot better when I was having it done [unclear]・ I must it.Mr [gap:name]・ Thank you Chairman. I have to 'Why? Because all of us are suckers, whether we being accused of a crime I didn ,t commit, cos I,she's a Lance Corporal now as well [pause] and I mustgets in. Probably go out again! No, I must Fd never expected having lo find a job, I must've got funny [unclear]・ Yeah, yeah [unclear]・ I mustfre really at background level, and not very helpful I mustin them ・ They do Okay. stump me. I must1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25He didn f t know anything about this [pause] [unclear] and he had to1 Occurrence of "admit” in a corpusadmit Chairman, I think it would be useful if the language wasadmit I [pause] [unclear] but they rang every day and every night. Johnny [pause] admit its the best pigeon outfit! Right! Better than otheradmit[pause] kept his cool [pause] and Well cos had to be didn't headmit on every form Fve put the two [unclear] and I thoughtadmit on the face of it entirely incomprehensible・ Wishing My Lords toadmit tha-・that's a possibility but er Ba ba ba ba baadmit that he's lazy. Who Neil? Neil [pause] yeah [pause] and headmit that Fm slightly lost in that one A [pause] now ends asadmit that I Fm not a judge as accountant, Fmadmit that it can't be, it can't have come aboutadmit that it was on floor cos she'd think they^ putadmit that these were important figures obviously, but the question is,admit the best one of all was the, the full works ofadmit though it looked lovely, Fll say that. I onlyadmit to being somewhat encouraged by er some of the comments that have admit to reading the Reader's Digest or not, Knowing what happensadmit to things I do. Eh? Bollocks! I didn'tadmit well I, I didn't think she'd ev— , sheadmit your hair is [pause] looking a lot thicker and healthier・ We have admit,because the year before I took School Certificate I had gotadmit,he did say this! This [pause] [unclear] . But now,admit,I think it had been better if they'd moved itadmit，in terms of getting the quality of the river improved,admit• They really do throw me [unclear] Right so [pause] A quick sortSection TwoAnswer one of the questions in either English or Chinese:Question 1Nowadays there are a lot of multimedia products (e.g. DVDs, VCDs) that aim at boosting the English of young children. From what you know about language acquisition theories, discuss whether and to what extent these products are effective in the acquisition of English as a first or second language・Question 2Discuss the role of conversation in LI acquisition.Section ThreeChoose one of the following questions and write a one-page essay in response to the question・ Please follow the style of academic discourse, and conventions for citation and reference (if any). Please use English only・Question 1Reflect on a linguistics book that you have read. Name its title, its author(s), and its publisher. Discuss one most interesting point and one puzzle it brings to you. Question 2Which dialect do you speak? Focus on one interesting feature of this dialect and discuss in depth how this feature differs from a similar feature in Putonghua.。
香港中文大学语言学部MA笔试题2013-2014
2013-14 CUHK Recruitment TestMA in LinguisticsMA in Chinese Linguistics and Language AcquisitionName __________________________Email __________________________Phone __________________________University __________________________City __________________________Province __________________________Section OneAnswer all the questions in this section.Question 1Focus on [s] and [t] in the following set of data from Daga‘I am licking [jamosivin] ‘they will lick’[jamotain] ‘grunt’[asi] ‘we should go’[anet]‘shout’[senao] ‘hole’[urase]‘drum’[sinao] ‘holiday’[wagat]‘whisper’[simura] ‘little’[otu]‘hit’[topen] ‘there’[use]‘old’[tave] ‘salt’[siuran]‘I kill’[tuian](1)Describe the distribution of [s] and [t].(2)What type of distribution do they represent?(3)Determine their phonemic status.i.If they belong to different phonemes, justify your answer.ii.If they belong to the same phoneme, give the name of thephonological process involved.Compare these Italian and Spanish cognates:Italian SpanishSpagna [spa.ɲa] España [ɛs.pa.ɲa] ‘Spain’stato [sta.to] estado [ɛs.ta.do] ‘state’scuola [skʊɔ.la] escuela [ɛs.kʊ] ‘school’signore [si.ɲo.re] señor [se.ɲor] ‘mister’schiavo [skɪa.vo] esclavo [ɛs.kla.vo] ‘slave’blasfema [blas.fe.ma] blasfemia [blas.fe.mɪa] ‘blasphemy’tragico [tra.ʤi.ko] tragico [tra.hi.ko] ‘tragic’How do you account for the organization of the syllable structure in these two languages?Consider the following data from Samoan[manao] ‘he wishes’[mananao] ‘they wish’[matua] ‘he is old’[matutua] ‘they are old’[malosi] ‘he is strong’[malolosi] ‘they are strong’[punou] ‘he bends’[punonou] ‘they bend’[atamaki] ‘he is wise’[atamamaki] ‘they are wise’[savali] ‘he travels’[pepese] ‘they sing’[laga] ‘he weaves’1.What is the Samoan word for:a.they weaveb.they travelc.he sings2.Formulate a morphological rule that states how to form the plural verb formfrom the singular verb form.Question 4In the English sentences (a)—(c), all the relative pronouns are preceded by a preposition (underlined). However, relative pronouns in (d) and (e) are not preceded by a preposition. Explain why prepositions are inserted before the relative pronoun in (a)—(c) but not in (d) and (e).(a) That is the officer to who John was talking yesterday.(b) The police have surrounded the house in which the robbers are hiding.(c) John has been working on a secret project about which I know nothing.(d) That is the singer who John hates.(e) John used to work for a company which sold computer accessoriesSection TwoAnswer one of the questions in either English or Chinese:Question 1以下每對句子的語義相同嗎？他們的句法結構相同嗎？用擴展法分析比較每對句子在句法結構上的異同。
博士研究生入学考试试题及答案解析
中南大学2005 博士研究生入学考试试题答案及解析Entrance English Test for PhD Programs (2005)Paper OneDirections:There are 20 sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1．Sometimes very young children have trouble ______ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.A．separating B．having separatedC．to separate D．of separating2．Anthropology is a science______ anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.A．in that B．now thatC．since that D．no that3．With all these exacerbating tensions of the 19th and 20th centuries, it was too much to expect that lawmakers, prime ministers, and presidents could understand, ______agree on , how to obtain this explosive mixture.A．even if B．so as toB．even more D．much less4．After every guest _______, the host had the dishes served.A．was sitting B．was seatedC．was seating D．was sat5．_______traffic delays, you had better start earlier if you want to catch 818 for New York city.A．Regardless of B．Attributing toC．Allowing for D．Under the spell of6．Now a paper in science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from____ on earth than bacteria on Mars.A．configuration B．constitutionC．condemnation D．contamination7．Many people are naturally distrustful of ambition, feeling that it represents something _____ in human nature.A．blatant B．philanthropicC．distressful D．intractable8．Most people believe that the study of another nation, its society and culture, not only can be fascinating but also_____.A．primeval B．legitimateC．newfangled D．beneficent9．In nature we know that wild creatures sometimes exhaust their vital sources and suffer thenatural _______; drastic population reductions.A．capacity B．erosionC．remedy D．amenity10．The chairman gave me a hint that he would like me to think of some ready way of stopping Tom from ______ the proposal.A．lining up B．lying behindC．chiming in D．drifting into11．Monetary Union is a huge economic undertaking ---but it is not just about economics. It is a step with _____political implications-----but it is not just politics.A．stupendous B．bruisingC．tectonic C．internecine12．Since _____firms are more fragile than most other traditional ones, they are even more vulnerable to economy-wide swings.A．inconsistent B．moderateC．nascent D．weird13．To the cynic, there are no wholly altruistic, unselfish acts; every human deed is _____ an ulterior selfish motive.A．independent of B．emulated byC．disguised as D．founded upon14．He keeps his petrol receipts because petrol is one of the expenses that he can ______ against taxes.A．dazzle B．offsetC．circumvent D．impartial15．A university training enables a graduate to see things as they are, to go right to the point, to disentangle a ______of thought.A．line B．strandC．mass D．plethora16．New technologies have often brought with them complex and ______ moral and social difficulties.A．vexing B．psychicC．alienated D．somatic17．The Lewis and Clark expedition left St. Louis in 1804 and traveled 7,700 miles_____ the Pacific Coast.A．on way to B．on route toC．returning to D．in line to18．The Bessemer process was once the most common method of making steel, but today this process is considered______.A．obsolete B．ellipticalC．oval D．eligible19．The other worry is that the entrepreneur will be forced to go public too early, so the venture capitalist can _____ his investment.A．deflate B．pad aroundC．recoup D．cash out20．In almost every country, drug abuse, child abuse and alcohol abuse _______most challenging social problems.A．preoccupied with B．displaced to beC．lend credence to D．loom as1．A．句意：有时小孩在分清现实和虚幻方面存在困难，他们可能认为那样的事情真正存在。
博士生综合考试(口试)参考题
（2009.09.25）
71.What does the speed of sound depends on during drilling?
6.在量子物理学中微观粒子具有哪二重性？
7.简述玻恩对物质波的统计解释。
8． 不确定关系说明了微观粒子的什么性质。
高等化学
1.碳的同素异形体有哪些？并简述碳纳米管研究的新进展。
2.阐述键价理论的基本概念？请举例说明。
3.简述有机导电材料的种类及其在新技术领域中的应用。
4.矿物表面荷电的原因是什么？
5.简述纳米材料（粒子）的特征。
55.什么叫天然气水合物？
56.天然气水合物的主要分布区域
57.天然气水合物中的烃类气体主要有几种成因类型
构造热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储层
(2009.12.01)
58.生物调节作用是否否定蒸发泵模式？
59.原生白云岩与微生物关系密切，次生白云岩与微生物的关系？
60.热液埋藏白云岩与原生孔隙关系密切，对白云岩的勘探是否就是找断裂裂缝？
多基线数字近景摄影测量系统lensphoto的应用案例
(2009.11.27)
61.航空摄影测量与多基线数字近景摄影测量有什么区别？
62.多基线数字近景摄影测量对于相机有什么要求?
63.多基线数字近景摄影测量对于基站有什么要求？
64.对于困难地形，可以用特征点代替控制点，这样产生的误差是在允许范围内的吗？
博士生综合考试(口试)参考题
博士生综合考试(口试)参考题
整理-博士生资格考试历年考题
2004年资格考试一、简答题1. 溶化金属为何要有一定的过冷度才能观察到析晶现象？2. 陶瓷烧结后期晶粒长大的动力是什么？3. 为什么纯固体相变总是放热反应？二、滑移、孪生、形变带，这三种缺陷如何从形貌上来判断。
三、应变-硬化、弥散-硬化、晶粒细化，这三种强化机制的异同点。
四、三元相图中，垂直截面的线与二元相图中的线有何区别，能否应用杠杆定律，在什么情况下适用？五、纯金属在凝固、溶解、固-液平衡过程中Gibbs自由能与焓变关系图。
六、某金属熔点为600度，问在590度时，凝固能否自发进行，并求此时的熵变。
（已知凝固热ΔH）七、关于配分函数，已知Cp，证明U和Cv的关系式。
八、Au和Ag的晶格常数为0.408和0.409，问1.在Au基体上镀一层100nm的 Ag，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；2.在Au（111）基体上镀一层100nm的 Ag，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；3.在Au（111）基体上，用外延生长的方法生长Ag的（111）面，用XRD能否检测出这层膜；九、透射电镜衍射，如为单晶，则衍射花样为规则排列的斑点，如为单晶，则衍射花样为环。
如有一一维无限长单原子链，用一束电子垂直照射，会出现什么样的衍射花样。
十、单晶Si上镀一层的SiC薄膜，设计一个试验方案分析SiC薄膜的厚度，成份和结构。
2005年4月资格考试（可能）1.说明|Fs|、|Ls|、I电子的含义及其物理意义。
（10分）2.简述双面法测滑移面指数的原理。
（10分）3.给出8个2seita角，判断晶体结构，计算晶格常数a，写出出现衍射线的面族。
（10分）4.某单晶体，X射线沿[0 -1 0]方向入射，晶体[-1 0 0 ]方向竖直，[0 0 1]方向平行于底片。
（a）（-3 -1 0）面一级反射X光的波长。
（b）底片与晶体相距5cm，求劳厄斑在底片上的位置。
（12分）5.Ag、Fe的混合粉末，固溶度极小。
计算在2seita属于[45，110]范围内衍射线条数。
港校试题
在昨日的面试现场，记者看到了新鲜出炉的广东物理单科状元王书元。
他结束面试后说，“话题讨论比较灵活，是关于是否要出台最低工资法，我明明知道赞成是占优势的，但是其他7个考生都是赞成，为了占优势，表现自己的独特，我只有以一当七，表明自己是反对立场。
第二轮的提问考官问了我的基本情况和兴趣爱好，具体到喜欢古典音乐的哪个作家，哪个乐章甚至作品，幸好我还算流利地回答了。
最后，我还主动给考官哼了一段。
”昨日，记者在该校面试场了解到，几乎每一个考生都被问及：“”广州二中一名考生说：“这些问题我报考以前也有想过，但老师把它作为考题，使我更认识到适应的重要性，回家后还会仔细想。
”今年的问题除了加入“适应”元素外，不少港校在形式上也有了变化。
比如科大、浸大的形式就十分多样，在每人考核30分钟的基础上，他们还融入了一对一、一个考生对小组老师、小组考生对小组老师，也有小组考生对一个老师等方式。
考生还可以向考官提出各种问题。
“我们好几个同学的面试都像是在和朋友聊天一样。
”珠海一中考生江悦说。
港校试题1.你认为到香港读书后会遇到哪些问题？2.你会怎么处理个人危机？3.你怎样看待“范跑跑”问题？4.如果你是中国总理，你怎么处理中国的污染问题？5.奥运会对中国的消极和积极影响是什么？N主播在西藏问题上是否有评价中国的自由？7.记者在汶川地震中应该扮演什么角色？香港高校内地招生面试题集锦香港大学1．老人越来越多，会对这个社会产生什么影响？你有什么解决的办法？2．北京2008年举办奥运会的利与弊？3．你对婚前同居的看法是什么？4．香港电影事业和唱片事业。
5．香港电影为什么短期内会发展得如此繁荣？6．如果给你300亿，你如何改进中国状况？7．你最难忘的事情是什么？8．比尔·盖茨从哈佛退学创建了微软，你认为中途退学对个人的成功好不好？9．有没有必要在上海建迪斯尼乐园？10．在公共场合吸烟应不应该被罚款？11．为什么中国的电影不如好莱坞的？12．世界联系越来越紧密，你认为现今对国际人才的要求是什么？13．如果你跟胡锦涛总书记见面，你会跟他讲什么？香港中文大学主要是英语会话，也就是英语口试，主要考查英语表达能力和思维方式，对中文大学的了解，入学理由、申请愿望等等。
香港中文大学语言学部ma笔试题20132014
2013-14 CUHK Recruitment TestMA in LinguisticsMA in Chinese Linguistics and Language AcquisitionName __________________________Email __________________________Phone __________________________University __________________________City __________________________Province __________________________Section OneAnswer all the questions in this section.Question 1Focus on [s] and [t] in the following set of data from Daga‘I am licking [jamosivin] ‘they will lick’[jamotain] ‘grunt’[asi] ‘we should go’[anet]‘shout’[senao] ‘hole’[urase]‘drum’[sinao] ‘holiday’[wagat]‘whisper’[simura] ‘little’[otu]‘hit’[topen] ‘there’[use]‘old’[tave] ‘salt’[siuran]‘I kill’[tuian](1)Describe the distribution of [s] and [t].(2)What type of distribution do they represent?(3)Determine their phonemic status.i.If they belong to different phonemes, justify your answer.ii.If they belong to the same phoneme, give the name of thephonological process involved.Compare these Italian and Spanish cognates:Italian SpanishSpagna [spa.ɲa] España [ɛs.pa.ɲa] ‘Spain’stato [sta.to] estado [ɛs.ta.do] ‘state’scuola [skʊɔ.la] escuela [ɛs.kʊ] ‘school’signore [si.ɲo.re] señor [se.ɲor] ‘mister’schiavo [skɪa.vo] esclavo [ɛs.kla.vo] ‘slave’blasfema [blas.fe.ma] blasfemia [blas.fe.mɪa] ‘blasphemy’tragico [tra.ʤi.ko] tragico [tra.hi.ko] ‘tragic’How do you account for the organization of the syllable structure in these two languages?Consider the following data from Samoan[manao] ‘he wishes’[mananao] ‘they wish’[matua] ‘he is old’[matutua] ‘they are old’[malosi] ‘he is strong’[malolosi] ‘they are strong’[punou] ‘he bends’[punonou] ‘they bend’[atamaki] ‘he is wise’[atamamaki] ‘they are wise’[savali] ‘he travels’[pepese] ‘they sing’[laga] ‘he weaves’1.What is the Samoan word for:a.they weaveb.they travelc.he sings2.Formulate a morphological rule that states how to form the plural verb formfrom the singular verb form.Question 4In the English sentences (a)—(c), all the relative pronouns are preceded by a preposition (underlined). However, relative pronouns in (d) and (e) are not preceded by a preposition. Explain why prepositions are inserted before the relative pronoun in (a)—(c) but not in (d) and (e).(a) That is the officer to who John was talking yesterday.(b) The police have surrounded the house in which the robbers are hiding.(c) John has been working on a secret project about which I know nothing.(d) That is the singer who John hates.(e) John used to work for a company which sold computer accessoriesSection TwoAnswer one of the questions in either English or Chinese:Question 1以下每對句子的語義相同嗎？他們的句法結構相同嗎？用擴展法分析比較每對句子在句法結構上的異同。
2014年博士英语试卷 完整原题版
2014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a questionabout what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hearthe question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D.Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He won’t complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldn’t be worse.4. A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5. A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.6. A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7. A. John likes gambling.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8. A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9. A. She’s an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10.A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11.A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavy foods.12.A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13.A. It is only a cough.B. It’s a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. It’s extremely serious.14.A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15.A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection:In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, readthe four possible answers marked A, B, C and D, Choose the bestanswer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue16.A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17.A. He can’t play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has cancer.18.A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19.A. To see if he has cancer. B. To see if he has depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergyproblem.20.A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21.A. The cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22.A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23.A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24.A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25.A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Women’s active metabolic rate.D. Women’s smaller airways.Passage Two26.A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27.A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28.A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken area.29.A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30.A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health – remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection:In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A B C and D .are given beneath each of them. You are tochoose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then markyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET.31.A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’s emptying, produce asmoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better __________ brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD. consolidate32.The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left mymind in such a ________ that I couldn’t get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33.Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure,in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those _________ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34.Most colds are acquired by children in school and then ___________ to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD. relayed35.Several of the most populous nations in the world ________ at the lower end ofthe table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD. vibrated36.Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _______, even though theconcept has been around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD. endeavors37.Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weakenthe immune system, ________ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38.The mayor candidate’s personality traits, being modest and generous, _______people in his favor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39.With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong________ to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40.If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _______ early than even afraction of a minute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD. favorably Section BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined.There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence, Choose theword or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the originalsentence if it is substituted for the underlined part, Mark your answeron the ANSWER SHEET.41.All Nobel Prize winners’ success is a process of long-term accumulation, in whichlasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42.The Queen’s presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception atBuckingham Palace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43.Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction is manifest in growing children in theform of mental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44.The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances hasbeen applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyC. adaptD. cast45.Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure ofreligious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46.When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the originalcomposition by painting over it on canvases.A. duplicateB. eliminateC. substituteD. compile47.For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the constructionprogram of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD. decomposed48.Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC. qualityD. stability49.The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a fullexamination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50.She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D on the right side.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.For years, scientists have been warning us that theradiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health,without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up. However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as test subjects.It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It’s thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently attached to the side of your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I’d rather wait until it’s proven before giving up that part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer’s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer’s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic __56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.” The lucky things.__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it’s hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive __59__ for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer’s means mobile phones __60__ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And it’s sure there are negative as well as this one positive. 51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B,C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us ________.A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author has observed, according to the passage,________.A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy the tools oftheir trade, they should ___________.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by the author is ___________.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that ___________.A. the scientific community should stand up for all humanityB. the prime value of scientists’ work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’ eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify.The confusion is evident form New Scientist’s analysis of whether public perceptions of companies’green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green” have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, for example. There are voluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water sue. In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soaked Ireland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.Similar problems bedevil “green” labels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council shows the way forward. Its criteria come from the IEEE, the world’s leading professional association for technology/Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index”planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Developing rigorous standards for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then market forces will drive companies to clean up their acts.Let’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Before we can have a green economy we need a green information economy – and it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.66. “The confusion” at the beginning of the 2nd paragraph refers to ________.A. where to spend or invest in a sustainable wayB. an array of consumer products to chooseC. a fog of unreliable green informationD. little information on eco-credibility67. From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases ________.A. eco-credibility is abusedB. a green economy is crucialC. an environmental impact is lessenedD. green credentials promote green economy68. From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products, the author argues that ________.A. eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufacturesB. neither scientists nor manufactures are honestC. it is vital to build a green economyD. better information is critical69. To address the issue, the author is crying for ________.A. transparent corporate managementB. establishing sustainability indexesC. tough academic-led surveillanceD. strict legal weapons70. Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?A. The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.B. It is time for another green revolution.C. Information should be free for all.D. No quantity, no quality.Passage ThreePeople are extraordinarily skilled at spotting cheats –much better than they are detecting rule-breaking that does not involve cheating. A study showing just how good we are at this adds weight to the theory that our exceptional brainpower arose through evolutionary pressures to acquire specific cognitive skills.The still-controversial idea that humans have specialized decision-making systems in addition to generalized reasoning has been around for decades. Its advocates point out that the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionarily, since cheats risk undermining the social interactions in which people trade goods or services for mutual benefit.The test whether we have a special ability to reason about cheating, Leda Cosmides, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her colleagues used a standard psychological test called the Wason selection task, which tests volunteers’ ability to reason about “if/then” statements.The researchers set up scenarios in which they asked undergraduate volunteers to imagine they were supervising workers sorting appliances for admission to two schools;a good one in a district where school taxes are high, and a poor one in an equally wealthy, but lightly taxed district. The hypothetical workers were supposed to follow a rule that specified “if a student is admitted to the good school”, they must live in the highly taxed district.Half the time, the test subjects were told that the workers had children of their own applying to the schools, thus having a motive to cheat; the rest of the time they were told the workers were merely absent-minded and sometimes made innocent errors. Then the test subjects were asked how they would verify that the workers were not breaking the rule.Cosmides found that when the “supervisors”thought they were checking for innocent errors, just 9 of 33, or 27 percent, got the right answer – looking for a student admitted to the good school who did not live in the highly taxed district. In contrast, when the supervisors thought they were watching for cheats, they did much better, with 23 of 34, or 68 percent, getting the right answer.This suggests that people are, indeed, more adept at spotting cheat than at detecting mere rule-breaking, Cosmides said. “Any cues that it’s just an innocent mistake actually inactivate the detection mechanism.”Other psychologists remain skeptical of this conclusion. “If you want to conclude that therefore there’s a module in the mind for detecting cheaters, I see zero evidence for that,” says Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientists at Brown University in Province, Rhode Island. “It’s certainly possible that it’s something we learned through experience. There’s no evident that it’s anything innate.”71. The findings of the study were in favor of ____________.A. the highly developed skills of cheating at schoolB. the relation between intelligence and evolutionC. the phenomenon of cheating at schoolD. the human innate ability to cheat72. The test “supervisors” appeared to be more adept at ________.A. spotting cheats than detecting mere rule-breakingB. detecting mere rule-breaking than spotting cheatsC. spotting their own children cheating than others doing itD. detecting cheats in the highly taxed district than in the lightly taxed one73. When she says that …that can’t be the only thing going on in the mind, Cosmides most probably implies that ________.A. cheating is highly motivated in the social interactionsB. our specific cognitive skills can serve an evolutionary purposeC. there is no such a mental thing as a specialized decision-making systemD. the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionary74. In response to Cosmides’ claim, Sloman would say that ________.A. it was of great possibilityB. it could be misleadingC. it was unbelievableD. it’s acquired75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Cheating at SchoolB. Cheating as the Human NatureC. Imaginary Intelligence and CheatingD. Intelligence Evolved to Root Out CheatsPassage FourFor many environmentalists, all human influence on the planet is bad. Many natural scientists implicitly share this outlook. This is not unscientific, but it can create the impression that greens and environmental scientists are authoritarian tree-huggers who value nature above people. That doesn’t play well with mainstream society, as the apparent backlash against climate science reveals.Environmentalists need to find a new story to tell. Like it or not, we now live in the anthropocene (人类世) – an age in which humans are perturbing many of the planet’s natural systems, from the water cycle to the acidity of the oceans. We cannot wish that away; we must recognize it and manage our impacts.Johan Rockstrom, head of the Stockholm Environment Institute in Sweden, and colleagues have distilled recent research on how Earth systems work into a list of nine “planetary boundaries”that we must stay within to live sustainably. It is preliminary work, and many will disagree with where the boundaries are set. But the point is to offer a new way of thinking about our relationship with the environment – a science-based picture that accepts a certain level of human impact and even allows us some room to expand. The result is a breath of fresh air: though we are already well past three of the boundaries, we haven’t trashed the place yet.It is in the same spirit that we also probe the basis for key claims in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2007 report on climate impacts. This report has been much discussed since our revelations about its unsubstantiated statement on melting Himalayan glaciers. Why return to the topic? Because there is a sense that the IPCC shares the same anti-human agenda and, as a result, is too credulous of unverified numbers. While the majority of the report is assuredly rigorous, there is no escaping the fact that parts of it make claims that go beyond the science.For example, the chapter on Africa exaggerates a claim about crashes in farm yields, and also highlights projections of increased water stress in some regions while ignoring projections in the same study that point to reduced water stress in other regions. There errors are not trifling. They are among the report’s headline conclusions.Above all, we need a dispassionate view of the state of the planet and our likely future impact on it. There’s no room for complacency: Rockstrom’s analysis shows us that we face real dangers, but exaggerating our problems is not the way to solve them. 76. As the first paragraph implies, there is between environmentalists and mainstream society _____________.A. a misunderstandingB. a confrontationC. a collaborationD. a consensus77. Within the planetary boundaries, as Rockstrom implies, ___________.A. we humans have gone far beyond the limitations。
香港中文大学研究生申请指南
Admission to Postgraduate Studies 2014-15(Materials Science and Engineering)OR(Physics) Early Applications for admission to PhD programme in Fall 2014 are now open. See Early Application Procedures below for details. Deadline for applications: 31 May 2013.Introduction The Department of Physics is a vibrant team consisting of 258 undergraduate students, 119 postgraduate students, 22 regular faculty staff, 4 research assistant professors, 1 research associate professor, 5 lecturers, and 16 technical/supporting staff. Every year, the department hosts a large number of visiting scholars, from postdoctoral fellows to Nobel laureates, who may stay a day and give a seminar, stay a term and teach a course, or stay several months and conduct research. The department has a strong commitment to curiosity-driven research but also recognizes its responsibility in helping industry conduct market-driven research and development. More importantly, the department has established a reputation in taking teaching and supervising students very conscientiously.If you join the department as a new postgraduate student, you are expected to become an active member of the team. From the diverse research topics covered by the team, there must be one which matches your interest and career goals. Similarly, from our comprehensive postgraduate curriculum, there must be courses which will satisfy your needs in building up your background knowledge. In addition, you will learn from and argue with our staff and visitors on scientific matters. You will receive training in basic laboratory safety and teaching skills. You will present your research results in conferences overseas. You may even conduct some of your research work overseas...... All in all, you will find that the department is a great facilitator in helping a postgraduate student to become an independent researcher.Admission Requirements: Master of Philosophy and Doctor of Philosophy (MPhil-PhD)Applicants for the PhD stream should hold, or expect to hold by the time of admission, a Master's degree in Materials Science and Engineering or related disciplines, or a Bachelor's degree in Materials Science and Engineering or related disciplines, normally with Second Class Honours or overall average result of B or above. Applicants are advised to take the Advanced Physics Test of the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and a score of the test should be submitted along with the application.Applicants for the MPhil stream should hold, or expect to hold by the time of admission, a Bachelor's degree in Materials Science and Engineering or related disciplines, normally with Second Class Honours or overall average result of B or above.Qualified applicants will be invited to take an entrance examination which consists of written examination and interview. The written examination covers the following subjects at undergraduate level: mechanics, electromagnetism and optics, thermal physics and statistical physics, quantum mechanics and modern physics, and materials. (Suggested reference books: R. Resnick, D. Halliday, K. Krane, "Physics"; K. R. Symon, "Mechanics"; D. J. Griffiths, "Introduction to Electrodynamics"; K. Krane, "Modern Physics"; F. Reif, "Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics".) However, applicants who have satisfactory score of the GRE Physics Subject Test taken within the past three years may be exempted from the written examination. Details of the entrance examination will be sent to qualified applicants via email in due course.English Language Proficiency Requirement: Applicants should normally either1.possess a pass grade in English in one of the following examinations1.Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (AS Level)2.Hong Kong High Level Examination3.CUHK Matriculation Examination, ORhave a degree from a university in Hong Kong or an English-speaking country, ORsubmit one of the following scores for assessment:0.TOEFL (Paper-based: 550; Computer-based: 213; Internet-based: 79)1.College English Test (CET-6) of PRC (total mark 430 of Level 6)2.GMAT (Verbal) (Band 21)3.IELTS (Academic) (Band 6.5)4.PETS (Level 5), ORhave obtained a recognized professional qualification awarded in Hong Kong or in anEnglish-speaking country, ORbe exceptionally admitted upon full justification.Projects Offered in 2014-15 [size=-1](last updated 3/4/13)[size=-1]Early Application Procedures: Application form for early admission to PhD programme in Fall 2014 can be downloaded here. Deadline for Early Applications is 31 May 2013*.Applicants should write down at least three project numbers in order of preference in Section A.2 "Proposed field of studies" of the application form. Before making selections, potential applicants are encouraged to contact the individual professors to find out more about their research, their group and what kind of students they are looking for.Completed application form together with the following supporting documents should be sent to our Division by e-mail to pgadm-mse@.hk or by post to "Room 107, Science Centre North Block, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong" on or before 31 May 2013.∙Updated curriculum vitae;∙Copy of transcripts of academic records;∙Copy of the identity document (e.g. PRC Identity Card) as given in the Application Form;∙ A research statement, indicating clearly the particular study field the applicants are interested in;∙Any materials that the applicants think helpful to the applications.Qualified applicants will be invited to join the Physics Summer Camp (accommodation and meals will be provided) and take entrance examination between July 22-26 in Hong Kong. Details of the summer camp and the entrance examination will be sent to qualified applicants via email in due course.for at least six months after your planned departure date from Hong Kong. Persons who need a visa/entry permit for visit should obtain the appropriate visa/entry permit before travelling to Hong Kong.] Outstanding students (if admitted) will be recommended to compete for Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme (HKPFS). The HKPFS provides a monthly studentship of HK$20,000 and a conference travel allowance ofHK$10,000 per year for the awardees.* Late applications will still be considered, but accommodation and other expenses for joining the summer camp may have to be borne by the applicants.Regular Application Procedures: To be announced.Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme (HKPFS) The Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme, established by theHong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) in 2009, aims at attracting the best and brightest students from all over the world to pursue their PhD studies in Hong Kong. The Fellowship provides a monthly studentship of HK$20,000 and a conference travel allowance of HK$10,000 per year for the awardees for a maximum period of three years. For awardees with a normative study period of 4 years, CUHK will offer the award at the same level for the 4th year. The application deadline is 1 December 2013. Please refer to RGC's website(.hk/hkphd) for further details of the Scheme.Applicants applying for admission to PhD programmes of the Chinese University of Hong Kong through the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme are required to comply with the admission requirements of the Graduate School. Applicants should submit initial application to the RGC through their online application system (will be open for applications in early September), and will be assigned a Reference Number. Applicants should then submit the full application through CUHK's online admission system and quote the RGC Reference Number. Applicants who are not selected for the Fellowship Scheme will be considered as normal application and if admitted, will be offered a regular postgraduate studentship stipulated by the University during their normative period of studies. Application Periods:∙Early Applications for admission to PhD programme in 2014-15 can be made starting now.∙Early Application Deadline: 31 May 2013∙Regular Applications can be made starting from October.∙Regular Application Deadline:∙ 1 December 2013 (For applicants who apply for PhD programme through the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Scheme.)∙31 January 2014 (For MPhil-PhD programme)Applicants are advised to submit their applications as soon as possible, because we will be reviewing the applications upon receipt. All supporting documents must reach our Division before the application deadline.Fees & Financial Support:ProgrammesCourse ListIn the final year of study, MPhil-PhD student must submit a thesis to Divsion and pass an oral examination defending his/her thesis. PhD students must pass the candidacy examination within 24 months from first entry. Enquiries: For general enquiries, please call (852) 39436339 or e-mail to pgadm-mse@.hk. For further information concerning online application procedures, please contact Graduate School Office: Phone: (852) 39438976Fax: (852) 26035779。
2012年2月21日----香港中文大学汉语语言学笔试试题
2011-12 CUHK Recruitment TestMA in LinguisticsMA in Chinese Linguistics and Language AcquisitionName _______________________ ________Email _________________________ ______Phone ____________________________ ___University _______________________________City ________________________ _______Province______________________ __ _Part One Answer all the questions in this section.(1) General questionsCircle all the answers which you consider to be correct.1. Which of the following statements do you think is accurate about the study ofLinguistics?a. Linguistics studies the nature of language.b. Linguistics is the learning of languages.c. Linguistics studies how different languages relate to and inform each other andwhy.d. Linguistics studies how language changes over time, how its speakers come tolearn it, and how speakers affect its development.e.Linguistics studies humans’ cognitive abilities, perception, and o rgans ofspeech production.2. Which of the following statements about language do you consider will be inaccord with linguistic theory?a. Only highly advanced and sophisticated cultures have complex language.b. Children come to speak a language by imitation and memorization.c. Languages don’t change as long as they are taught properly.d. The sound structure of words follows rules; it is not based on their meaning.e. Language is human instinct; it is a human cognitive ability.3. Which of the following statements about Chinese is accurate?a.Chinese is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family.b.Chinese is largely an analytic language.c.Chinese makes use of inflections.d.Chinese has many regional varieties knows as dialects.e.Chinese is a tonal language.(2) Phonology (Turkish)1. Are [n] and [m] contrastive in Turkish? Please explain your answer with examples.2. In which environment does [ŋ] occur? Does [ŋ] contrast with [n] or [m]? Explainyour answer with examples.3. What phonological process affects the distribution of [ŋ]?(3) Morphology (Tagalog)hanap look for sulat writehinanap was looked for sinulat was writtenhumahanap is looking for sumusulat is writinghinahanap is being looked for sinusulat is being writtenbasag break tawag callbinasag was broken tinawag was calledbumabasag is breaking tumatawag is callingbinabasag is being broken tinatawag is being called1.Identify all the morphemes; and exemplify all the morphological processes.(4) Syntax (English)Use a constituency test to demonstrate whether or not the underlined elements in the following sentences are constituents.a.There is a rumor that he saw it circulating.b.The rumor that he saw it is circulating.c.That he saw it is just a rumor.d.It is a rumor that he saw it circulating.Part 2 Answer one of the questions below in either English or Chinese:Question 1:It is often claimed that language is one of the things that make humans different from animals. What is so special about human language? In what ways is it different from the communication systems of animals? Support your answers with concrete examples.Question 2:分析下列句子，指出這類句子的語法特點，以及這四句之間的語法異同：1.不站住就開槍了。
博士入学考试试题解析(一)
1. The European Unions countries were once worried that they would not have __.A. sufficientB. efficientC. potentialD. proficient[译文]欧盟国家曾经担心他们潜力不足。
sufficient[英][səˈfiʃənt] [美][səˈfɪʃənt]adj.足够的，充足的；[逻辑学]（条件）必然的；〈古〉有能力的，能胜任的，够资格的n.足够（的量）efficient[英][iˈfiʃənt] [美][ɪˈfɪʃənt]adj.有效率的；（直接）生效的；能干的；（因省钱、省时或省力等而）收效大的potential[英][pəˈtenʃəl] [美][pəˈtɛnʃəl]adj.潜在的，有可能的；[语法学]可能语气的，表示可能性的；有能力的n.潜力，潜能；[物]电位，势能；潜能的事物；[语]可能语气proficient[英][prəˈfɪʃənt] [美][prəˈfɪʃənt]adj.精通的，熟练的n.能手，老手，专家[解析]此处需要名词，根据句意，排除A和D，选C。
2. W e’d like to __ a table for five for dinner this evening.A. preserveB. prosperityC. sustainD. retain[译文]我们想留一张五人桌今晚晚餐时用。
preserve[英][priˈzə:v] [美][prɪˈzɚv]vt.保护；保持，保存；腌制食物；防腐处理vi.保鲜；保持原状；做蜜饯；禁猎n.蜜饯；防护用品；禁猎地；独占的事物（或范围）prosperity[英][prɔsˈperiti] [美][prɑˈspɛrɪti]n.繁荣；兴旺，昌盛；成功mutual prosperity 相互繁荣; 共同繁荣; initial prosperity 初步繁荣昌盛; 初步繁荣sustain[英][səˈstein] [美][səˈsten]vt.维持；支撑，支持；遭受，忍受；供养sustainable development[səˈsteinəbl diˈveləpmənt] 可持续发展retain[英][riˈtein] [美][rɪˈten]vt.保持；留在心中，记住；雇用；付定金保留retained earnings 未分配的利润，留存收益[解析]应填入动词，根据句意，排除A和C，选D。
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香港中文大学2013-2014语言学专业博士入学笔试
此次笔试共有有五道题目，其中第一道必做，后四道中选做两道。
1.给了乔姆斯基（2001）的一段话，大意是语言虽然会受到环
境的影响，但是却是由基因决定的一种认知能力，是大脑认知体系的一个子系统（subsystem）。
然后是O’Grady(2010)的一段话，关于浮现主义（emergenism），大意是语言的习得由“非语言因素”决定，如认知，记忆，输入，交际等等、要求：概况上述两种语言观，说明你的理解，然后对其进行评价（critically）
2.语音题：sectionA---对“juncture”下了个定义，指的是语音
的分界点（？），如great eyes，听起来也可以理解为grey ties。
有人做了一个研究，研究的是英式英语（BE）、新加坡英语（SE）和港式英语（HKE）中的语音分界点，被试分别是上述三种英语的speaker，让他们听辨BE、SE和HKE，记录了正确率和反应时，有三个图表。
要求：观察总结“patterns”，并分析原因。
----这个没看明白，语音学学得不好
还有一个sectionB，忘记了，也是跟语音有关的
3.Section A--四组句子，一正一误
（1）He asked Mary to leave on her own.
*He asked Mary to leave on his own.
（2）Peter ordered Mary to leave on her own.
*Peter ordered Mary to leave on one’s own.
（3）Peter cancelled the trip to save money for himself.
*Peter cancelled the trip to save money for oneself. (4) To behave oneself is very important.
*To behave himself is very important.
要求：
1）为每组的正确句子画出树形图
2）运用Case theory 和Binding Theory 解释错句
3）上述理论多大程度上是Universal的？用你自己的语言的例子进行说明。
Section B---（1）上来就是一个什么“deictic theory”（indexism），让给几个代表的表达，这个根本没听说过
（2）有人认为tense时态属于deictic，是否属实？
4．SectionA---选3个进行注解
1）UG
2) Motherese
3)boottrapping in language acquisition
4) overgeneralliztion
5) Complementary Exclusivity Theory
第六个忘了
Section B---关于双语者的。
有人提出了一个“Complementary Principle”，大意是双语者获得并运用两种语言，根据不同的目的，不同的语境（domain），不同的人调整运用。
接着是两个描述：
a．父母双方语言不同，或者在移民家庭，双语者有两种语言，家庭语言和社区语言
b．双语者的能力competence比较特殊
要求：讨论上述的“互补原则”，分析相关因素，并结合a或者b分析二语习得中双语者表现出的多样性和异质性。
4.设计一个ERP或者FMRP的实验，研究某一句法特征的习得。
要求：设计所用的刺激；具体的操作步骤；预期结果是什么。