2018考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析
2018年考研英语真题答案及解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English全文翻译：你的大脑与信任：为什么我们天生信任别人信任是一件棘手的事，一方面，（1）对很多重要的事情来说，这是一个必要条件：托儿、友情等，另一方面，把你的（2）信任放在错误的地方通常伴有高昂的（3）代价。
（4）那么，我们究竟为什么要相信别人呢？嗯，因为这样感觉很好。
（5）当人们相信一个人或一个机构时，他们的大脑会释放催产素，这是一种会（6）制造愉悦情感和激发群体集本能的激素，这种本能促使人们彼此（7）联系。
科学家发现，接触（8）到这种激素让我们处于信任的（9）情绪中：在一项瑞士的研究中，研究人员将催产素喷洒进半数受试者的鼻子里；这些人准备借给陌生人的钱的数额比吸入了其他物品的（10）对应受试者高得多。
对我们来说（11）幸运的是，我们还有识别不诚实的第六感，这可以（12）保护我们。
一项加拿大的研究发现，仅14个月大的孩子就能够将可靠的人和不诚实的人区分开来。
60个刚学步的小孩每人都被（14）介绍给一个拿着塑料容器的成人测试人员。
测试人员在看向容器里之前会问：“这里面有什么呢？”然后笑着惊叹：“哇哦！”然后邀请每一个受试者看向容器（15）里面。
一半的小孩发现有玩具；另一半（16）发现容器里是空的——然后意识到测试人员（17）欺骗了他们.在没有被戏弄的孩子中，大部分都（18）愿意同测试人员合作学习一项新技能，说明他们相信他的领导地位，（19）相比之下，同（20）“不可靠的”测试人员被配对的30个孩子中，只有5个参与了后续活动。
1、【答案】[C]for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
it’s a necessary condition____many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。
C选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;D选项from(来自于)，B选项like(像...)，A选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。
2018年研究生考试英语(一)大作文解析
2018年研究生考试英语（一）大作文解析今年的英语（一）大作文继承了之前几年大作文的传统，图画作文。
在画面中，我们可以看到四个就餐者（diners）围着桌子吃饭，但是精力都集中在自己的手机上。
很显然，这幅图片具有很明显的时代意义，它要求我们论述的是，在电子信息时代，人们过渡依赖（over-reliance, over-dependence, overuse）手机而给生活带来的危害。
图片立意深刻，头脑风暴一下，我们可以简要地总结一下这些负面影响，比如危害了人身健康，隔离了人与人之间的交流，忽视了真正的友谊，加深了人们之间的误解跟偏见，这些都是第二段我们主要论述的观点。
在第三段，除了总结这些危害以外，我们还可以写一两句问题解决办法，比如减少使用手机的时间，在虚拟世界跟现实世界之间达到平衡等等。
有了这个基本提纲，我们就可以开始文章的造句了，这就是彰显语言功底的时候了。
这里请各位考生们牢记一点：即使文章中没有很复杂的句式（强调句、倒装句、各类从句），也千万不要犯语法错误，否则文章直接降到最低档！请大家参考如下的范文。
参考范文：In the picture, a group of diners are centering around a table, with their attention fully occupied in their cell phones rather than the rich food on the table. The undesirable paradox has touched on one pervasive trend in modern society—the side-effects of smart phones in information age.Over-reliance on cell phones is not only harmful but also damaging in a number of ways.Firstly, excessive use of smart phones has posed a serious threat to human physical health. Many diseases, ranging from brain cancer and cataract to osteoporosis and insomnia, are reportedly associated with radiation from cell phones. Additionally, a total dependence on cell phones inevitably leads to isolation and suspension between people, confining them into tiny individual space by overlooking realtime friendships. Thirdly, overuse of cell phones also produces a negative effect on bridging the misunderstanding and eliminating bias due to failure of face-to-face communication between people.With the abundance of such buzz words as We Chat, QQ, etc, it is imperative that we take multiple initiatives to curb the catastrophic influences exerted by smart phones. Only by strengthening realtime communication and monitoring time effectively can we strike a balance between the virtual world and the real world.考研成功难又不难，一旦大家开始准备就要全力以赴。
2018年考研英语一真题及答案解析
2018年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2, in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4, why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. 5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15. Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19, only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering —have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but iteventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for ourjobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misinterpretation[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start byacknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave asa big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-i nterested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finallyagreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41. à Cà42. à43. à F à44 à 45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extra ordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius totriumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead.(10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解注意：英语试卷为花卷，以答案内容进行核对Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
2018考研英语大作文真题范文及译文选课进行时
2018考研英语(一)大作文真题范文及译文——选课进行时来源：文都教育2018考研英语（一）大作文是让考生描写关于一位同学选择课程的图画，并且对背后的含义进行解读。
针对本题，文都考研教学研究院英语教学研究中心提供参考范文一篇如下：【题目】52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the picture briefly2)interpret the meaning, and3)give your comments.Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)As is vividly depicted in the graph that sitting in front of a computer, a student is selecting the curriculum, taking numerous elements into consideration including the innovation, the freshness of knowledge and the level of difficulty as well as the scoring, the qualified rate and burden of assignment. The caption says: The course selecting is on the way, indicating the importance of well-rounded consideration while making a choice.We can deduce from the portrayal that well-rounded contemplating, a significant quality, serves as an indispensable capability bringing about positive influence toward different aspects of our lives. It is commonly known that the value of comprehensiveness and sophistication of thinkinghas been proved by countless examples around us, such as the governmental policy making and selection of compulsory and optional course. If we can put this notion into practice, it would exert profound and constructive influence. Therefore, well-rounded and thorough thinking will create huge benefit to the prosperity of community as well as personal development.Whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the ability of analyzing the ingredients and integrating them together are nearer to success. Therefore, well-rounded consideration is the wisdom we should live up to.【参考译文】正如本幅图画所生动表现出的那样，一个学生坐在电脑前选课。
2018考研英语(1)真题解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题精解S e c t i o n I U s e o fE n g l i s h总体分析来源:R e a d e r sD i g e s t‘读者文摘“㊂文章围绕 信任具有两面性 这一主题展开,介绍了我们倾向于信任他人的生理促因,以及我们对信任潜在威胁的生理防范机制,并通过实验加以说明㊂试题精解对 ;关于[B]像;类似[C]对 (来说);为了[D]自,从;来自,源于[解析]空格句i t回指上句T r u s t(信任),根据空格前后的 必要条件 以及 儿童看护㊁友谊等有价值之事 可知,文意应为:信任是这些事情的必要条件,空格介词应该体现 对 来说( 很必要) 这一逻辑,f o r 有 表示陈述或问题的相关对象(c o n c e r n i n g) 的用法,因此[C]正确,a c o n d i t i o n f o r/o f s t h为常见搭配,表示 某事的先决条件 ㊂2.[A]信任;信心[B]担心,关切;关怀,关爱[C]注意,专心;关心,关注[D]爱好;兴趣,关注[解析]由逻辑关联词O n t h e o n e h a n d...O n t h e o t h e r h a n d...(用于 引出两个相对立的观点㊁事实等 )可知,②③句是对 信任 的正反两方面说明,已知②句在说明其好的一面,则③句 将放在错误的地方往往 应该是解释其 不利一面(错信的情况下) ,所以空格词只能表示 信任 ,[A]f a i t h正确㊂3.[A]好处,益处[B]债务;情义;恩情;影响[C]希望;期望[D]价格;代价[解析]已知③句介绍 信任的不利一面 ,故c a r r i e s a h i g h应该表示 信任可能的负面后果/影响 ,c a r r y ah i g h p r i c e为固定搭配,表示 承受巨大的代价/损失 ,[D]p r i c e符合文意㊂[B]d e b t也可以与c a r r y搭配表示 负债(金钱㊁人情) ,但 错信 不会欠下人情债;而 欠经济债 过于绝对,排除了其他形式的代价㊂4.[A]因此,所以[B]那么,既然如此;然后[C]相反;而[D]又;而且,再说[解析]上段末指出 错信可能要付出高昂代价 ,本段空格后w h y d ow e t r u s t a t a l l提示前后逻辑为:既然信任有巨大的潜在风险,那到底人们为何还彼此信任㊂t h e n除表示时间先后以外,还有i f t h a t i s t h e s i t u a t i o n 既然那样㊁那样的话 的逻辑内涵,[B]正确㊂5.[A]直到 为止[B]如果不,除非[C]虽然;但是[D]当 时;在 情况下[解析]上文已知 人们信任他人是因为这让他们感觉很好 ,而本句t h a t...p l e a s u r a b l e f e e l i n g s信息不足,故结合第6题选项,由四项的大方向可知o x y t o c i n与 愉悦感 是正向关系,所以全句逻辑应该是:付出信任时,就会产生o x y t o c i n这一快乐荷尔蒙,[D]W h e n符合文意㊂6.[A]选择,挑选[B]引起,造成;产生[C]申请;应用;对 适用[D]保持,维持[解析]由空格后a n d可知,p l e a s u r a b l ef e e l i n g s(愉悦感)与t r i g g e r st h eh e r d i n g i n s t i n c t(激发群居本能)为同向并列关系,表明这一荷尔蒙的积极作用,而 愉悦感 与 群居本能 性质相同,同属感知意识类内容,故空格处应该与t r i g g e r s语义类似,[B]p r o d u c e s正确㊂7.[A]咨询,请教;商量[B]竞争,争夺[C]连接;(融洽地)沟通,相处[D]比较;与 类似[解析]由关键词h e r d i n g i n s t i n c t可知,群居生活属于人类的本能追求,而与 群居 直接相关的行为是 与他人联系㊁沟通 ,再结合 人们往往愿意彼此信任 的上下文语境,判断空格部分只能表示 群居本能促使人们和谐相处 的语义,[C]c o n n e c t符合文意㊂8.[A]在;朝;因为,由于[B]被,由;通过;经由[C] 的[D]向;对于[解析]由冒号后内容 研究人员将o x y t o c i n喷进一半受试者的鼻子中 可知,受试者在研究中处于这种荷尔蒙环境中,受到该荷尔蒙的作用/影响,e x p o s u r e t o为固定搭配,表示 暴露于 环境,受到 的影响 ,故[D]t o正确㊂9.[A]环境,背景;语境[B]情绪;思想倾向;氛围[C]时期;阶段[D]圆圈;圈子[解析]由上文③句 o x y t o c i n能产生愉悦感 可知,文中主要论及该荷尔蒙对我们 情绪㊁思维 的影1响;同时,空格前关键词t r u s t i n g(容易相信他人的)及冒号后实例中r e a d y t o所表达的心理倾向性表明,空格处应该表示一种思维倾向性,[B]m o o d符合文意㊂[A]c o n t e x t表示 (事情发生的)背景㊁环境(以更好理解事情) ;[D]c i r c l e表示 (相同兴趣㊁职业等的人形成的)圈子 ,两项均侧重外在环境㊂10.[A](职位或作用)对应的人/事[B]替代者/品[C]同事,同僚[D]支持者,拥护者[解析]分号前为实验行为:研究人员将o x y t o c i n喷进一半受试者的鼻腔中;分号后为结论:那些(被喷入o x y t o c i n的)受试者比起吸入其他东西的,愿意借给陌生人更多的钱㊂很明显,t h e i r应该指 同一实验中另一半施与条件不同的受试者 ,[A]c o u n t e r p a r t s符合文意㊂11.[A]有趣的;古怪的[B]幸运的[C]古怪的,不同寻常的[D]讽刺的[解析]空格上文指出o x y t o c i n会让我们容易信任他人,而空格后内容 针对不可信行为的第六感 应该是对我们有利的,故空格词应体现从上文的 暗藏危机 到本段 大可不必担心 的语义反转,同时引出下文对这一乐观情况的详细说明,[B]L u c k y符合文意㊂12.[A]监视;监听[B]保护,防护[C]使惊奇,使诧异[D]使愉快,使高兴[解析]已知 对不可信行为的第六感 对我们有利,下文 14个月大的孩童能区别 可信与不可信之人 进一步印证该内容,再辅以上文 信任不当会让我们承受高昂代价 可推知,作者准备对这种第六感的保护功能展开说明,[B]p r o t e c t符合文意㊂13.[A]在 中间[B]在 之内[C]朝,向;接近[D]在 上面;关于;超过[解析]由空格前关键词d i f f e r e n t i a t e(区分,区别)及空格后a c r e d i b l e p e r s o n a n d a d i s h o n e s t o n e(可信与不可信的人)可知,文意意在说明孩童可以区别开这两类人,d i f f e r e n t i a t eb e t w e e nAa n dB为固定搭配,表示 将A和B区分开来 ,[A]b e t w e e n符合文意㊂14.[A]转移;移交[B]添加[C]介绍,引见[D]委托(照料),交付(处理)[解析]空格上文指出一项研究发现:14个月大的孩童就能区分可信与不可信之人㊂空格句具体介绍研究过程,60个学步儿童在此之前应该从未与成人测试员有过接触,这样才不会代入已有的认知,使实验结果失效㊂因而文意应该是:受试儿童被带给测试员认识,[C]i n t r o d u c e d正确㊂[D]e n t r u s t e d完全脱离了 测试孩童对于不可信行为的第六感 这一实验目的㊂15.[A]向外,往外[B]向后[C]围绕,在 周围[D]在 内部,往里面[解析]由空格上文④句W h a t s i nh e r e(这里面是什么)可推知,测试员问的是 容器内部有什么东西 ,故受试者应该是往容器内部看,才能发现玩具或其他东西,[D]i n s i d e符合文意㊂16.[A]发现,发觉[B]证明,证实[C]坚称,坚决认为[D]记得;想起[解析]由空格句并列结构H a l f o f t h e m...t h e o t h e r h a l f...可知,本句意在对比两组受试者的不同情况,前半句指出 其中一半人发现了玩具 ,由此推知空格所在半句应该说明另外一半人的发现,故空格词语义应该与f o u n d接近,[A]d i s c o v e r e d正确㊂17.[A]辜负;背叛[B]不公正地对待,冤枉[C]开玩笑,戏弄[D]嘲笑;使希望落空[解析]由上文 测试员看向容器内部并 哇 了一声,接着一半孩子发现里面有个玩具;另一半则发现里面是空的 及下文关键信息 那些没有被测试员欺骗的孩子中(n o t b e e n t r i c k e d) 可推知,另一半孩子 上了测试员的当 ,因而应该意识到自己被 愚弄 了,[C]f o o l e d与t r i c k e d语义接近,符合实验游戏的 玩笑般欺骗 场景㊂18.[A]勉强的;被迫的[B]乐意的;甘愿的[C]犹豫的;不情愿的[D]有权/资格做某事[解析]空格后d e m o n s t r a t i n g t h a t t h e y t r u s t e dh i s l e a d e r s h i p表明这些没有被欺骗过的孩子信任测试员的指挥,既然如此,他们肯定 愿意配合测试员的下一步行动 ,[B]w i l l i n g符合文意㊂[D]e n t i t l e d 表示 被赋予一种官方㊁正式的权利或资格 ,文中受试者为孩童,实验以游戏方式进行,故不合文意㊂19.[A]相比之下[B]作为结果;因此[C]总体而言[D]例如[解析]上文 大部分没有被欺骗过的孩子乐意配合测试员 与空格句 30个孩子中只有5个参与了后续活动 存在明显语义对比(t h em a j o r i t y V So n l y f i v e),也与 两组孩子分别面对可信V S不可信行为,反应应该不同 的实验预期相符,[A]I n c o n t r a s t用于引出与前述内容截然不同的情形,符合文意㊂[C] O n t h ew h o l e用于 引出笼统性的看法 ,用法相当于g e n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g㊂20.[A]顽固的,僵化的[B]无能力的;软弱的[C]不可靠/信的[D]不合适的;不适宜的[解析]空格处所述的30个孩子经历了 被骗 ,与上句 未被欺骗过的孩子 为两组受试对象,再辅2以后者 信任其测试员的指挥 可推知,与 被骗孩子 组对的测试员应该是 不可信㊁不可靠的 ,同时也与上段句内容 学步的儿童就能区分可信与不可信之人 吻合,[C]u n r e l i a b l e正确㊂全文翻译信任是件微妙的事㊂一方面,对诸如儿童看护㊁友谊等许多有价值的事情来说,信任是一项必要条件㊂但另一方面,错置你的信任往往会承受高昂的代价㊂那么,我们究竟为什么会信任(他人)呢?嗯,因为这样感觉很好㊂当人们对某个人或机构寄予信任时,大脑会释放出催产素,即一种能产生愉悦感并触发群居本能的荷尔蒙,这种本能会促使人类彼此之间融洽相处㊂科学家发现,受这种荷尔蒙的影响,我们会生成一种容易相信他人的心态:在一项瑞士的研究中,研究人员将催产素喷入一半受试者的鼻腔中;比起那些吸入其他东西的受试者,他们愿意借给陌生人的金钱数额明显高出许多㊂幸运的是,我们也有着对于不可信行为的第六感,这也许能够保护我们㊂一项加拿大的研究发现,只有14个月大的孩童就能把可信的人和不可信的人区别开来㊂60名学步童被各自引导着与一位手持塑料容器的成人测试员认识㊂测试员会问: 这里面是什么呢? ,然后他笑着朝容器内部看,同时惊呼道, 哇! 随后研究员请每一位受试儿童往里看㊂他们中的一半人发现了一个玩具;另外一半人发现容器是空的 并意识到测试员欺骗了他们㊂在那些未受过欺骗的孩子中,大部分人乐意配合测试员去学习一项新技能,这表明他们信任他的指挥㊂相比之下,与不可靠的测试员组对的30名孩子中,只有5名参与了后续活动㊂S e c t i o n I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1总体分析来源:B l o o m b e r g.c o m‘彭博网“2015.05.12㊂文章指出自动化虽最终会惠及所有劳动者,但在此之前会对中产阶级造成巨大负面影响㊂行文脉络:提出并论证问题 中产阶级面临自动化的恼人挑战 (第一至三段) 提出解决建议 提供多种政策支持 (第四至六段) 总结重申观点 帮助中产阶级应对自动化威胁的政策必不可少 (第七段)㊂试题精解谁受到自动化威胁最大?[A]政治领袖[B]低薪劳动者[C]机器人拥有者[D]中产阶级工人[锁定答案]第二段②句指出,美国现有工作中约一半处于被自动化的高风险,中产阶级尤其不堪负担㊂④句进一步指出,许多中产职业已经引起㊁或很快会引起机器人的兴趣㊂可见受自动化威胁最大的是中产阶级工人,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]并非 自动化威胁对象 ,而是 应该关注自动化威胁的主体 ㊂[B]与第二段③句 低薪工作不能吸引机器人/受威胁较低(d o n't a p p e a l t o r o b o t s) 相悖㊂[C]与第二段⑤句 富人/机器人拥有者将会很好/不受威胁(w i l l b e f i n e) 相悖㊂[提炼思路]本题题干W h ow i l l b em o s t t h r e a t e n e db y a u t o m a t i o n?表明:这是典型的就 文中分类比较信息 设置的判断题㊂解题关键在于对第三段②③④⑤句所述群体面临情形进行排序:富人很安全(T h e r i c h/r o b o t s o w n e r s...w i l lb e f i n e)ң低薪者受威胁但较低(L o w e r-i n c o m e j o b s...d o n ta p p e a l t o r o b o t s)ң中产阶级受威胁最大(m i d d l e c l a s s/m i d d l e-c l a s s o c c u p a t i o n s...d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y s q u e e z e d/h a v ea r o u s e d t h e i r i n t e r e s t,o r s o o nw i l l)㊂22.下列哪项最能代表作者观点?[A]对自动化的担忧实际上是没有根据的㊂[B]乐观主义者就新技术的观点几乎找不到依据㊂[C]自动化引发的问题需要加以解决㊂[D]新技术的负面影响可以避免㊂[锁定答案]第三段①句作者指出,这(自动化对中产阶级工人的巨大威胁)并非危言耸听㊂⑤句提出,在(自动化使工人受益之前的)中期阶段,中产阶级需要大量帮助㊁以对自动化做出调整㊂可见作者3认为自动化会引发诸多问题,[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]与第三段①句 这/对自动化问题的担忧并非杞人忧天/而是有理有据(i s n t t ob e a l a r m i s t) 相悖㊂[B]与第三段②③④整体含义 乐观主义者基于历史情形,提出自动化最终会使工人受益 矛盾㊂[D]错误理解第三段⑤句:将 应帮助工人应对新技术产生的问题(言外之意:影响难以避免) 理解为 新技术的负面影响可以避免 ㊂[提炼思路]本题针对 作者观点和人物观点交杂 的段落命题㊂解题重在借助逻辑词㊁近反义词等划分句群㊁辨别观点,并全面理解作者看法:借B u t㊁e v e n t u a l l y V S i n t h em e d i u mt e r m等对第三段信息分类 ①⑤句为作者观点,②③④句为乐观主义者观点(O p t i m i s t s) ,并理解作者观点: 自动化对中产阶级形成巨大威胁 非危言耸听;乐观主义者以史为据认为自动化终将会使工人受益是正确的,但万不能因此忽视过渡阶段对中产阶级的巨大威胁问题㊂23.自动化时代的教育应该更加强调㊂[A]创新潜能[B]求职技能[C]个人需求[D]合作精神[锁定答案]第四段①句指出,自动化时代应该反思教育㊂②句则指出,从小学到大学的所有课程都应该少强调事实记忆,多强调 创新及复杂沟通能力 ,可见[A]正确㊂[排除干扰][B]由第四段①句j o b t r a i n i n g捏造出j o b-h u n t i n g s k i l l s,实际该词指 职业培训 ,无关 求职技能 ㊂[C]利用人们所熟知的在线教育特征捏造干扰 强调个人需求(i n d i v i d u a l n e e d s) ,但这无法体现自动化时代教育的重点㊂[D]源自第四段③句h e l p i n g s t u d e n t sw o r ka l o n g s i d e r o b o t s,但这里指 人机合作 ,与 合作精神 有很大差异㊂[提炼思路]本题就 提出建议的段落(涉及众多对象) 考查作者主要观点㊂解题时 首先分清主次信息,概括主要内容,初步得到答案;随后借上下文检验,看是否能形成顺畅逻辑 :首先借段落总分结构以及④句O n l i n e e d u c a t i o n c a n s u p p l e m e n t,可知 自动化时代教育的重点 主要体现在②③句所述 传统教育重点的转变 ,尤其是②句所述 普通教育重点的转变 ,初步选定体现②句核心内容的[A],随后加以检验: 强调创造潜能 和针对问题 自动化的挑战 完全匹配 以 人类所长 补 机器所短 ,确定[A]无误㊂24.作者建议,税收政策应旨在㊂[A]鼓励自动化的发展[B]提高资本投资的回报[C]缓和富人和穷人之间敌意[D]阻止收入差距扩大[锁定答案]第六段①句指出,自动化很可能导致资本收入和劳动收入之间差距拉大,所以必须反思税收政策㊂②句进一步指出,应削减对低薪劳动的税收㊁扩大薪资补贴,以提高收入,鼓励工作,减少不平等㊂概括可知作者建议通过税收政策阻止收入差距扩大,[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]将第六段①句所述调整税收政策的目的 应对自动化造成的问题 改为 促进自动化的发展 ㊂[B]将①句调整税收政策的方向 防止资本收入和劳动收入之间差距进一步扩大/提高劳动收入 曲解为相反的 提高投资回报/资本收入 ㊂[C]捏造h o s t i l i t y:文中并未提及穷人和富人之间敌意㊂[提炼思路]本题就 作者提出的方向性建议(b ea i m e da t) 命题㊂解题时首先需要意识到, 方向/目的题 可与 因果关系题 归为一类㊂随后借助逻辑词(i no r d e r t o㊁b e c a u s e㊁w o u l d等)向文中寻找对应的因果关系㊂最后概括相关内容得到正确项㊂具体来看,第六段①②句为解释关系,两句分别以b e c a u s e 和T h i sw o u l d体现句内因果/目的关系(题干t a x p o l i c i e s恰合两句所述 税收政策改革 ),因此可锁定答案来源:①句b e c a u s e从句及②句T h i sw o u l d分句所体现的 目的 ㊂最后概括两处可得答案为[D]㊂25.本文中,作者就问题提供了㊂[A]就其对立看法[B]可能的解决方法[C]它令人担忧的影响[D]它的主要变化形式[锁定答案]本文前三段论证展现问题 美国中产阶级面临自动化的巨大威胁㊂第四至六段则从教育㊁经济㊁税收等多方面指出,应提供政策支持,助其平稳过渡㊂末段总结指出,帮助中产阶级适应自动化的政策必不可少㊂可见[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]错在作者只提到了 乐观主义者(O p t i m i s t s) 一方看法,并未介绍其对立看法㊂[C]源自开篇a n n o y i n g c h a l l e n g e s,但文章并未展开介绍其负面影响㊂[D]错误理解文章前后关系:后半部分(F i r s t...F i n a l l y)并非说明 问题的多种表现形式 ,而是说明 问题的多方解决方式 ㊂[提炼思路]由于本题采用了一种创新性的设题方式(往年未出现过 最后一题侧重考查全篇论证4结构 的情形),所以对会学生造成一定困难㊂但万变不离其宗,学生只需抓大放小,牢牢把握文章主线㊂另外,为了确保正确,可结合 排除法 ㊂具体来看,浏览题干I n t h i s t e x t,t h e a u t h o r p r e s e n t s a p r o b l e m w i t h,可大致推断本文侧重宏观考查全文,a p r o b l e m是全文关注问题,答案则是问题阐释之外的主要内容,初步确定可概括后四段的[B]为答案㊂随后结合排除法:文中并未提到 双方观点交锋 ,排除[A 自动化的影响 ,排除[C];并未介绍 自动化挑战的多种变化形式 ,排除[D]㊂全文翻译中产阶级面临的恼人挑战之中,有一项很可能在下届总统大选中完全不被提及:当机器人来抢其工作时,会发生什么?切勿完全否定上述可能㊂牛津大学的研究表明,美国的工作中约有一半处于被自动化的高风险,中产阶级尤其不堪负担㊂低收入工作,如园艺㊁日托,对机器人不具吸引力㊂但许多中产职业 货车驾驶㊁理财咨询㊁软件工程 已经引起了他们的兴趣,或者很快会引起他们的兴趣㊂富人拥有机器人,他们将会很好㊂这并非是要危言耸听㊂乐观主义者指出,技术巨变过去已经使工人获益㊂工业革命对那些工作被机械化织机取代的卢德分子不太友好,但最终提升了生活水平,且创建出比其曾毁掉的更多的工作㊂同样,自动化最终会促进生产力,通过压低价格刺激需求,并将工人从辛苦乏味的工作中解放出来㊂但在中间阶段,中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助以调整适应㊂第一步,正如埃里克㊃布莱恩约弗森和安德鲁㊃迈克菲在‘第二次机器时代“中所论证,应当是反思教育和职业培训㊂从语法学校(注:美国指 小学 )到大学,所有课程都应该逐步发展成为少强调事实记忆,多强调创新及复杂沟通能力㊂职业学校应更好地培养解决问题的能力,并帮助学生和机器人并肩工作㊂在线教育可以补充传统教育㊂它可以使额外培训指导更可负担㊂想要获取新技能的专业人员将会无需负债便能得偿所愿㊂应对自动化这一挑战突显了美国恢复其日益衰退的商业活力的必要性:创办新公司必须要变得更容易㊂在先前的技术大变革时代,企业家们通过想出将劳动者和机器相结合的方式实现平稳过渡㊂3D 打印机和虚拟现实的最佳应用尚未被发明㊂美国需要能够发明出它们的新公司㊂最后,因为自动化很可能导致资本收入和劳动收入之间差距进一步加大,所以必须重新考虑税收和安全网㊂削减对低薪劳动的税收,扩大诸如所得税抵扣之类的薪资补贴:这将会提高收入,鼓励工作,奖励公司创造就业机会,并且减少不平等㊂在未来几年内,科技将从大大小小的方面改进社会,但对那些发现自己的生活和事业都被自动化颠覆的人来说,这并没有什么安慰作用㊂捣毁抢走我们工作的机器是疯狂之举㊂但帮助工人们适应的政策必不可少㊂T e x t2总体分析来源:T h eC h r i s t i a nS c i e n c eM o n i t o r‘基督教科学箴言报“2017.04.30㊂全文借多个调查阐释 以千禧一代为代表的美国人的媒体素养正在增强,其信息甄别时判断能力及信息分享时责任意识均在提升 这一主题㊂试题精解根据第一㊁二段,许多美国年轻人对产生怀疑㊂[A]新闻过滤这一做法的正当性[B]人们对社交媒体平台的偏好[C]政府处理信息的能力[D]社交媒体作为可靠的新闻来源[锁定答案]根据首段 超2/3美国年轻人反对总统推特,他们倾向从别的渠道而非总统社交平台(推特)获取白宫消息 以及第二段①②句 (包括年轻人在内的)美国人依靠社交媒体却又不信任媒体 不难敲定[D]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]由首段末句p r e f e r n e w s...f i l t e r e d t h r o u g h...n o t...捏造出 新闻过滤这一做法不被年轻人认可 ,而文意实为 年轻人认为由总统推特透露出来的白宫消息没有其他渠道透露出来的更可靠 ;[B]根据第二段①句 人们依赖社交媒体获取新闻资讯 捏造而来,虽属事实,却并非年轻人质疑的对象(即 媒体信息资讯的真实性 );[C]根据第二段④句 2016年总统选举期间,密西根州推特用户分5享的网络内容中充斥虚假信息 捏造出 年轻人质疑政府处理(网络虚假)信息的能力 ㊂[提炼思路]先由首段两句间语义逻辑 先浅层后深层 (T h e i m p l i c a t i o n i s t h a t...)聚焦末句 千禧一代更愿意选择相信其他渠道而非总统推特发出的白宫消息 ;再由第二段句间语义逻辑 先陈述事实后转折引出语义重点并以调查研究发现予以佐证 (...Y e t...S u c ha t r e n d...a c c o r d i n g t o...A n das u r v e y...f o u n d...)聚焦①②句 一方面离不开社交媒体㊁一方面又不信任媒体 ;最后结合两段语义重心 社交媒体㊁新闻资讯㊁信任/意愿 不难得出正确答案㊂捷径:由题干c a s t d o u b t so n与第二段②句d i s t r u s t的同义关系可将解题线索定位至该段①②句,从而锁定怀疑对象a l lm e d i a (包括社交媒体在内的)所有媒体(所提供的新闻信息) ,而唯有[D]重心落于 信息资讯 ㊂27.第二段第二行中b e e f u p的词义最接近㊂[A]增强[B]界定[C]吹嘘[D]分享[锁定答案]将被考词所在句 随着美国人越来越不信任媒体,他们开始自身的媒体素养 与其前文 大多数美国人依靠社交媒体来查阅每日头条 结合,可推测语义逻辑:美国人一方面要依靠社交媒体来获取信息,一方面又不信任媒体上的信息,这种矛盾僵局需要依靠自身来突破,即逼迫自己强化自身媒体素养以甄别信息真伪㊂选项中唯有[A]契合这一语义逻辑㊂且由第三段首句 作为数字原住民的年轻一代确实能够更加娴熟地区分辨别事实与虚假 可推知其媒体信息真伪辨识能力得以提升,由此侧推b e e f u p应该理解为 增强 更契合㊂[排除干扰][B]由被考词后专业术语 媒体素养 捏造出 定义/界定 ㊁[C]由常识 社交媒体分享行为 捏造出 分享 ,[D]由 虚假信息 捏造出 吹嘘 ,但均与文中矛盾僵局 人们依赖媒体却又不信任媒体 所暗藏问题解决之策 从自身突破,其自身媒体素养 无法完美衔接㊂[提炼思路]首先根据被考词所在句内的负面情感基调词d i s t r u s t揣摩该句意在说明 对媒体的不信任增强,被迫提升自身媒体素养 初步锁定[A],然后根据被考词所在句与前文形成的语义转折关联(Y e t) 依赖媒体却又不信任媒体 可进一步揣摩 为了解决这种离不开却又不信任的矛盾僵局,人们只能增强自身媒体素养,以辨识媒体信息真伪 ,从而敲定[A]㊂28.根据奈特基金会的调查,[A][C]有强烈责任感[锁定答案]第三段介绍奈特基金会的调查结果,其中②句概述指出年轻人利用分布式信任来验证新闻,③句进而做出解释:他们交叉核对新闻来源㊁倾向于多角度分析的新闻资讯㊁尤其是对各种观点兼收并蓄的新闻资讯㊂由此可见,[B]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]根据①句所述调查对象d i g i t a l n a t i v e s的特点 自幼熟悉信息技术 合理推导而来,但它并非调查结果;[C]将④句所示 年轻人在新闻审视过程中自我责任意识 泛化为 对社会㊁对集体㊁对他人等的责任意识 ;[D]将②句u s e d i s t r i b u t e d t r u s t t ov e r i f y s t o r i e s 利用分布式信任来验证新闻真伪 曲解为 喜欢就分布式信任交换意见 ,将 信息甄别方式 偷换为 讨论焦点 ㊂[提炼思路]作为论据的调查实为论点服务,故找寻与调查相关的论点即可㊂即,本段②③④句均意在说明①句论点 年轻人越来越擅长辨别信息真伪 ,而四个选项中唯有[B] 验证新闻 与此挂钩,故正确㊂29.巴纳调查发现虚假新闻问题的主要原因是㊂[A]读者过时的价值观[B]新闻工作者有偏见的报道[C]读者的曲解[D]新闻工作者捏造的新闻[锁定答案]第五段③句指出虚假新闻问题的最重要原因: 读者错误 ,④句对 读者错误 做出解释:对事实新闻信息的误读或夸大,故[C]正确㊂[排除干扰][A]由①句碎片信息r e-s h a r e㊁t h e i r v a l u e s捏造而来,而句子并无 读者价值观过时 之意;[B]由第三段③句中b i a s及本段③句中i nr e p o r t i n g捏造而来,而文中仅言及 新闻工作者报道中可能会捏造新闻㊁或者会犯事实性错误 而并未言及 新闻工作者报道带有偏见 ;[D]由③句m a d e-u p s t o-r i e s...i n r e p o r t i n g而来,可它并非题干所考查的 主要原因 ㊂[提炼思路]首先由题干m a i nc a u s e f o r t h e f a k en e w s p r o b l e m定位至③句t h e t o p r e a s o n...f o r t h e f a k e n e w s p h e n o m e n o n,然后借其后m o r e s o t h a n锁定r e a d e r e r r o r,最后再借r e a d e r e r r o r的解释性表达m i s i n t e r p r e t a t i o no r e x a g g e r a t i o no f a c t u a l n e w s锁定[C]㊂6。
2018考研英语(一)大作文真题范文及译文
2018考研英语(一)大作文真题范文及译文2018考研英语(一)大作文是让考生描写关于一位同学选择课程的图画，并且对背后的含义进行解读。
针对本题，文都考研教学研究院英语教学研究中心提供参考范文一篇如下：The picture above vividly describe the current condition of class selectionamong universities students. The students is hesitating either to choose the class withnew knowledge which is innovative but challenging or to choose one with lesshomework which can score high and easily to pass. Nowadays the universitystudents often run into this dilemma. Which one is better? Personally I think that theformer is better.To start with the major goal of students is to obtain knowledge. Students canbenefit from various of classes which can also enrich their knowledge system. /Students can derive some benefits from all kinds of classes which can increase theirknowledge and broaden their mind. For another only choosing the credit-orientatedclasses certainly go against the all-rounded development of students. So the studentsmay at a disadvantage situation when hunting jobs after graduation. /So the studentsmay at an unfavorable position in competing with peers. Lastly standing in theoverall social environment versatile talents are highly needed. If students are onlyrestricted to one or two fields how can they shoulder the task of great rejuvenation?How can our country realize the goal of Chinese dream?To sum up the young people lays the foundation of the society. I amconvinced that college students should change the stereotypes of ‘credits decide everything’ and challenge themselves. / College students should be brave enough to break the normal procedure.图片生动描述了现在大学生的选课情况。
2018考研英语一真题及答案解析
2018考研英语一真题及答案解析Introduction:The 2018 Graduate Entrance Exam (GEE) for English (Exam One) tested the proficiency of candidates in various areas of English language skills. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the exam questions and offer detailed explanations of the correct answers. The questions and answers are presented in a clear and concise manner to ensure a smooth reading experience for the readers.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionThe reading comprehension section of the 2018 GEE Exam One consisted of three passages, each followed by multiple-choice questions. The passages covered a range of topics, including literature, social issues, and scientific research. Below are the passages and their respective answers with detailed explanations:Passage 1:The first passage titled "The Influence of Literature on Society" explored the impact of literature on individuals and society as a whole. The questions focused on identifying the main idea, inferential comprehension, and vocabulary understanding. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (D) The panel discussion highlights the importance of literature in shaping society.Explanation: In paragraph 2, the author mentions the panel discussion as evidence of the impact of literature on society.Question 2: (B) It emphasizes the role of literature in promoting empathy and understanding.Explanation: In paragraph 3, the author emphasizes the role of literature in fostering empathy and understanding among individuals.Passage 2:The second passage titled "The Effects of Social Media on Relationships" discussed the positive and negative effects of social media on interpersonal relationships. The questions focused on interpreting the author's tone, identifying the main idea, and finding supporting evidence. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (C) The author's tone can be best described as critical.Explanation: The author criticizes the negative impact of social media on relationships throughout the passage.Question 2: (A) Social media has made it easier to maintain long-distance relationships.Explanation: In paragraph 4, the author mentions how social media facilitates communication in long-distance relationships.Passage 3:The third passage titled "Recent Advances in Cancer Research" provided an overview of recent developments in cancer research. The questions required candidates to analyze scientific information, identify research methodologies, and understand specialized vocabulary. The correct answers are as follows:Question 1: (B) The author's purpose is to inform readers about advancements in cancer treatment.Explanation: In the introduction, the author states the purpose of the passage as sharing recent advancements in cancer treatment.Question 2: (D) The three studies employ different research methodologies to investigate cancer treatments.Explanation: In paragraph 3, the author discusses three studies that each utilize distinct research methodologies to investigate cancer treatments.Section 2: Sentence TranslationThe sentence translation section of the 2018 GEE Exam One contained ten English sentences that needed to be translated into Chinese. Each sentence tested candidates' proficiency in sentence structure, vocabulary, and grammatical accuracy. Below are a few representative examples:1. The rapid advancement of technology has transformed various aspects of our daily lives.快速发展的技术已经改变了我们日常生活的多个方面。
2018考研英语（一）真题答案及解析（精选五篇）
2018考研英语（一）真题答案及解析（精选五篇）第一篇：2018考研英语(一)真题答案及解析2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解本套真题答案由海文机构提供目前仅供参考，标准答案在官方公布后会为您更新Section I Use of English1、【答案】[B] for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
it’s a necessary condition ____ many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。
B选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;A选项from(来自于)，C选项like(像...)，D选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。
2、【答案】[C] faith【解析】此处考察词义辨析和中心一致性原则。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
后面进一步对该主题句进行解释说明：On the one hand, it’s a necessary condition ___ for ___ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc.(一方面，信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)，这句话在说信任的好处。
On the other hand, putting your ___ in the wrong place often carries a high ____.(另一方面，把...放在错误的地方往往会带来巨大...)，显然这句话依旧在解释主题词“trust”，只有C选项faith(信任、忠诚)与trust属于近义词复现，故正确答案为[C] faith。
3、【答案】[B] price【解析】此处考察词义辨析。
第一段首句提出主题句：trust is a tricky business(信任是一个奇怪的东西)。
18年英语一作文模板解析
18年英语一作文模板解析一、模板解析。
1. 开头段。
(1) 话题引入，引出话题，引起读者兴趣。
(2) 话题分析，简要描述话题内容，提出问题。
(3) 作者观点，明确表明自己的观点。
2. 中间段。
(1) 论据1，第一个论据，支持自己的观点。
(2) 论据2，第二个论据，进一步支持自己的观点。
(3) 论据3，第三个论据，加强自己的观点。
3. 结尾段。
(1) 总结观点，总结全文观点。
(2) 建议展望，提出建议或展望未来。
二、文章示例。
2018年英语一作文模板解析。
In recent years, the issue of environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. It has aroused widespread concern from the public. In this essay, I will analyze the causes of environmental pollution and propose some solutions to address this issue.There are several factors contributing to environmental pollution. First and foremost, the rapid development of industry and urbanization has led to the emission of large amounts of pollutants into the air and water. In addition, the excessive use of fossil fuelssuch as coal and oil has also worsened the situation. Furthermore, the lack of environmental awareness among the public has resulted in irresponsible behavior, such as littering and illegal dumping of waste.To tackle the problem of environmental pollution, we need to take effective measures. Firstly, the government should enforce strict laws and regulations to control industrial emissions and punish those who violate environmental laws. Secondly, we should promote the use of clean energy sources, such as solar and wind power, to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels. Moreover, it is essential to raise public awareness of environmental protection through education and publicity campaigns.In conclusion, environmental pollution is a pressing issue that requires immediate attention and action. By taking the above-mentioned measures, we can work together to create a cleaner and more sustainable environment for future generations. Let's join hands and make a difference!。
2018年考研英语真题答案及解析
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English全文翻译：你的大脑与信任：为什么我们天生信任别人信任是一件棘手的事，一方面，（1）对很多重要的事情来说，这是一个必要条件：托儿、友情等，另一方面，把你的（2）信任放在错误的地方通常伴有高昂的（3）代价。
（4）那么，我们究竟为什么要相信别人呢？嗯，因为这样感觉很好。
（5）当人们相信一个人或一个机构时，他们的大脑会释放催产素，这是一种会（6）制造愉悦情感和激发群体集本能的激素，这种本能促使人们彼此（7）联系。
科学家发现，接触（8）到这种激素让我们处于信任的（9）情绪中：在一项瑞士的研究中，研究人员将催产素喷洒进半数受试者的鼻子里；这些人准备借给陌生人的钱的数额比吸入了其他物品的（10）对应受试者高得多。
对我们来说（11）幸运的是，我们还有识别不诚实的第六感，这可以（12）保护我们。
一项加拿大的研究发现，仅14个月大的孩子就能够将可靠的人和不诚实的人区分开来。
60个刚学步的小孩每人都被（14）介绍给一个拿着塑料容器的成人测试人员。
测试人员在看向容器里之前会问：“这里面有什么呢？”然后笑着惊叹：“哇哦！”然后邀请每一个受试者看向容器（15）里面。
一半的小孩发现有玩具；另一半（16）发现容器里是空的——然后意识到测试人员（17）欺骗了他们.在没有被戏弄的孩子中，大部分都（18）愿意同测试人员合作学习一项新技能，说明他们相信他的领导地位，（19）相比之下，同（20）“不可靠的”测试人员被配对的30个孩子中，只有5个参与了后续活动。
1、【答案】[C]for【解析】此处考察介词的用法。
it’s a necessary condition____many worthwhile things(信任是一个必要条件_____许多重要事情)此处应该是说，信任对许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。
C选项for(对...来说)符合语义，故为正确答案;D选项from(来自于)，B选项like(像...)，A选项on(关于)语义不恰当，故排除。
2018考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析——看看你的主题写
2018考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析——看看你的主题写对了吗？来源：文都教育2018考研英语考试已经结束，刚刚走出考场的同学们你们感觉还好吗？每次考试大家最关心的就是作文话题，考前各种猜测，总结各种主题词！看到今年英语一大作文图画后，小编想问一问，你背的主题词中了几个？我们在图画上看到好多关键词，反而一下子不知道写哪个主题了？实际上，仔细分析一下，该图反应的主题还是非常明确的。
下面文都考研教研院的何娜娜老师带大家一起解读一下2018考研英语一真题大作文的主题。
今年的考研英语一大作文画风是这样子的：52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the picture briefly2)interpret the meaning, and3)give your comments.Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)主题分析：一个学生在浏览选课系统，图上给出了许多文字信息，实际上我们可以把这些信息分成两类就好理解了。
左边的类型是“知识新，重创新，有难度”，右边的类型是“给分高，易通过，作业少”，面对这两种类型的课程，你作为学生会选择哪一种呢？当然正确的一类应该是选择“知识新，重创新，有难度”。
考生要意识到这个图画是要让大家讨论：在选择课程时，是以什么作为选择标准？写作思路：第一段：首先来看一下图画描述中你会用到的关键词，（文都老师也想帮大家吐槽一下，历年的真题中从来就没有哪一年的关键词像今年这么多啊！）而这些词不写貌似是不行滴，哪怕你没有全翻译出来，也要把两种类型课程的特点描述到位。
“知识新，重创新，有难度”emphasizing innovation and new knowledge, with much difficulty.“给分高，易通过，作业少”giving high marks and easily passed, with little homework. 不一定要逐词翻译，只要能把主要意思写出来就可以啦！最后图下面的这个这几行字可以选择不写的，因为它不是主题，只是提示了图画情景而已。
陈正康老师解析2018考研英语一大作文
陈正康老师解析2018考研英语一大作文——跨考教育陈正康老师52.Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1)describe the picture briefly2)interpret the meaning, and3)give your comments.Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)【布局谋篇】一个男孩正在选课，如何选择？有些课程知识新、重创新、有难度；有些课程给分高、易通过、作业少。
显然命题人想表达的主题是：大学生，祖国的花朵和未来，应该多选择知识新、重创新、有难度的课程，这些课程就是适合自己的正确选择，这有助于提高大家的能力，从而更好地为社会做贡献！因此，文章可以如下布局。
第一段，简要描述图片，引入主题。
第二段，重点分析如何选择，选择知识新、重创新、有难度的课程的好处（知识新、重创新和有难度三个维度的好处都要重点分析，只分析创新的优点，或者迎难而上不算跑题，但是不够全面）。
第三段，总结自己的观点（大学生要做出正确的选择并且要为之努力）加上呼吁即可。
【参考范文】How concise but thought-provoking the picture is! What is clearly depicted in the picture is that a boy,sitting in front of a computer, is selecting courses through the system of selecting courses, who takes a considerable number of factors into consideration ,which include the emphasis of innovation, the updating of knowledge and the level of difficulty as well as the scoring, the qualified rate and burden of assignment. Apparently，it is how to make the best courses for college students that is what the author intends to convey to us.It is not uncommon to find that with the development of society and economy,the competition is becoming increasingly intense and the updating of knowledge is getting quicker and quicker.Though some courses are easy to learn and get high scores ，it may be out of date.In addition，it has been universally acknowledged that the awareness of innovation will not only be beneficial to our personal growth and success but also contribute to the development and progress of society and economy，which is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess.Consequently，the courses stressing innovation should be chosen.Furthermore, the way to success is full of obstacles and hardships. Anyone who is eager to get successful must realize that there is no shortcut to success at all because all achievements come from laborious trial and effort. Accordingly ，young students are supposed to choose some courses with great difficulties to improve their abilities.After what we have discussed above，we can reasonably come to the conclusion that whatever the prospect is，however difficult the situation is，we，young students，should have the courage to face difficulties，be willing to absorb new knowledge and cultivate the consciousness of innovation.I am strongly convinced that only by doingso,can our promising future be guaranteed.作者：陈正康来源：跨考教育。
新东方齐祯：2018考研英语一大作文解析(新东方版)
2018年考研英语一大作文解析齐祯2018年考研英语小作文基本上延续了往年难度基本不变的趋势，本文将对2018年考研英语一的小作文部分作出详细解析。
真题如下：由真题可见，2018年考研英语一的大作文回归了传统的命题趋势，难度与往年比有所下降，继四年考研英语一的大作文里三次考察双图作文后，2018年的考研英语一大作文重新回归了单图作文的考察模式，但是对语言的表达要求难度有所提高。
无论哪种类型的作文，对图片内容能做出合格的描述，并且保证图片内容与文章的主题相吻合，仍然是2018年考研英语一图画作文考察的重点。
本文将从图片分析、正文主题词、计分要点三部分对2018年考研英语一的大作文真题进行详解，供各位考生参考。
一、审题如上所述，单图作文在图片中所呈现的信息量相对较小，但提炼核心信心的难度较高。
考生在描述图片的过程中，经常容易出现偏离主题的问题。
所以，考生在拿到图片时，需要在最短的时间内在大脑里构思两个内容：首先是判断文章主题，这个信息直接来源于对图片内容的分析，其次是分析图片的内容，找出能体现主题的核心部分与词汇，必要的情况下在草稿上提炼与规划图片中与主题有关的核心信息。
一般情况下，考生的作文首先能否拿到及格分，与文章主题的判断有直接的联系，如果出现严重跑题，往往在阅卷中会得到相对更低的分数。
审题与判断图画主题时，可先将图片看做中文作文分析，则通常不会跑题。
2018年考研英语一大作文的主题略发散，考生结合图片的内容，以及图片中的文字提示，可得出自己的结论，只要言之成理即可，并不一定局限在固定的范围内。
特别是出题人在图片中和图片的下方给出适度的中文文字提示，往往能给考生更多的暗示，进而避免跑题。
所以，读图环节一定要注意图文结合，不能只看图片不看文字。
在2018年考研英语一的考题中，出题人一个坐在电脑跟前的人，根据图片下方的文字“选课进行时”可以判断出这是一个学生，再根据左右给出的这个人的想法判断文章的落点。
2018年考研英语一真题和答案解析[完整版]
![2018年考研英语一真题和答案解析[完整版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/fd9942c2dd88d0d233d46acd.png)
2018考研英语一真题和答案完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word （s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points）Trust is a tricky business。
On the one hand，it‘s a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things：child care，friendships，etc。
On the other hand，putting your 2，in the wrong place often carries a high 3。
4，why do we trust at all？Well，because it feels good。
5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution，their brains release oxytocin，a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another。
Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9：In a Swiss study，researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects；those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else。
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2018考研英语(一)真题大作文主题解析2018考研英语考试已经结束，走出考场的同学们你们感觉还好吗?每次考试大家最关心的就是作文话题，考前各种猜测，总结各种主题词!看到今年英语一大作文图画后，小编想问一问，你背的主题词中了几个?我们在图画上看到好多关键词，反而一下子不知道写哪个主题了?实际上，仔细分析一下，该图反应的主题还是非常明确的。
下面文都考研教研院的何娜娜老师带大家一起解读一下2018考研英语一真题大作文的主题。
今年的考研英语一大作文画风是这样子的：
52.Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should
1)describe the picture briefly
2)interpret the meaning, and
3)give your comments.
Write your answer neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)
主题分析：一个学生在浏览选课系统，图上给出了许多文字信息，实际上我们可以把这些信息分成两类就好理解了。
左边的类型是“知识新，重创新，有难度”，右边的类型是“给分高，易通过，作业少”，面对这两种类型的课程，你作为学生会选择哪一种呢?当然正确的一类应该是选择“知识新，重创新，有难度”。
考生要意识到这个图画是要让大家讨论：在选择课程时，是以什么作为选择标准?
写作思路：
第一段：首先来看一下图画描述中你会用到的关键词，(文都老师也想帮大家吐槽一下，历年的真题中从来就没有哪一年的关键词像今年这么多啊!)而这些词不写貌似是不行滴，哪怕你没有全翻译出来，也要把两种类型课程的特点描述到位。
“知识新，重创新，有难度”emphasizing innovation and new knowledge, with much difficulty.“给分高，易通过，作业少”giving high marks and easily passed, with little homework. 不一定要逐词翻译，只要能把主要意思写出来就可以啦!最后图下面的这个这几行字可以选择不写的，因为它不是主题，只是提示了图画情景而已。
第二段：论述的套路可以先说目前有这样两类课程，一类的特点是什么，另一类的特点是什么，然后说有些学生看中的是后者，而现在越来越多的学生会选择前者。
然后强调在当今时代背景下，注重知识积累和创新，以及接受新挑战的重要性。
第三段：尾段的写作思路就是，倡导正确的做法，然后强调主题的重要性和意义。
(这种模板句大家应该都背过很多啊!)比如：Nothing would be more important than cultivating the consciousness of innovation to face new challenge and competition in the upcoming future.
大作文属于开放式的写作，对主题的解读可以有差异化，所以你只要能抓住图画的某一个点进行论述，都是可以的!所以不要太担心主题跑偏的问题。
文都网校预祝大家考出好成绩!
文都2018考研真题考后全方位剖析，二十多位名师为您带来所有科目真题点评的直播盛宴~25日晚考研公共课专场(考研神秘大咖直播抽奖) 26日晚考研专业课专场。