人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义(11)than,as和but作关系代词用法知识点总结整理

2021届人大附中高中英语新高考语法一轮复习讲义（11）than，as和but作关系代词用法知识点总结整理
than, as, but作准关系代词的用法
关系代词通常是用来引导定语从句的，than, as和but除了做
基本连词外还可以作准关系代词，但是与which，who,that等关系
代词不同，than, as和but引导的定语从句与典型的定语从句不太
相像，因此称它们为准关系代词。

Than,as,but作准关系代词条件是：前面必须有先行词（名词）
例：
I have more money than you do (我比你有钱)
He has as much money as I do （他和我的钱一样多）
There is nothing but he knows（没有什么他不知道的）
我们分别进行详细说明：
1.Than 作准关系代词的用法
Than 之前若有名词，则than = than + the + 前面的名词+ 关系代词（who, whom, which）,因此可以将than 视为关系代词。

Than 作准关系代词通常出现在more …than,less…than, fewer…than等结构中，且在从句中可以充当主语，宾语和be动
词后得表语。

例1. I have more money than is needed.（than作从句的
主语）
= I have more money than the money which is needed （我现有的钱比所需要的多）
例2. I have more money than h e needs（than作从句的宾语）
I have more money than the money which he needs
（我现有的钱比他所需要的多）
例3. heis a better student than you（are ）.(than 作从句的表语)
2.As 作准关系代词的用法
as之前若有名词，则as = as + the + 前面的名词+ 关系代词（who, whom, which）,因此可以将as 可视为关系代词，并在所引导的从句中作主语，宾语和be动词之后的表语。

但只用于下列短语中：
as作为准关系代词只能用于下列短语:
1. Such+n. + as...
例: I don't like such a man as tells lies(as作从句的主语) 我不喜欢说谎的人
2. The same+ n. + as...
例: I have the same book as you bought yesterday(as作从句的宾语)
我有一-本书和你昨天买的-样
3. As+ adj. +n. + as...
例1: he is as diligent a man as ever lived(as作从句的主语) 他是有史以来最勤奋的人
例2: he is as good a man as John (as 作从句的表语)
他是个和约翰一样好的人
注意：
①such + n. 之后不可用like（像）加以修饰。

Such a man like him is bad. (错)
Such a man as him is bad.（对）
②as 可替代主句。

单独使用as时，as也可以作关系代词，等于which，用来代替整个主句。

He is nice, which is known to us
= he is nice , as is known to us(他人很好，我们都知道)
③as引导的从句可置于主句的前后，而which引导的从句只能置于主句之后。

例. He is nice, as we all know= as we all know, he is nice
④只能与单数可数名词使用的结构。

只能与单数可数名词使用的结构:
1.So .. that如...以至于......
例:he is so good a boy that I like him
2.As ... ...as 和.....样地.....
例: he is as handsome a man as Peter (is)
3.Too .. to ...太......而不....
例:heistoooldamantodoit
4.how...多么地
例: how great a man he is
3.But 作为准关系代词的用法。

But 作为准关系代词时，只用于“no + n.”之后，此时but 等于who(whom, which )…not.
即there is no + 名词+ who(whom, which, that)…not
= there is no + 名词+ but……
注意：
定语从句中有be 动词保留be动词
例：there is no one who is not interested in it.
= there is no one but is interested in it(没有人不对他感兴趣)
定语从句中有助动词（can,will,may,should…）保留该助动词。

There is nothing that he can not do
=There is nothing but he can do（没有什么事是他做不来的）
定语从句中有do,does和did等助动词时，先去掉助动词，再依时态人称将之后的动词还原。

There is no book which he doesn’t like to read
= There is no book but he likes to read.。