翻译中的常见错误
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范例
• • • • • 我能看出你的心事。 误:I can see your mind. 正:I can read your mind. 通过不断实践学习英语知识。 误:Study knowledge of English by constant practice. • 正:Acquire knowledge of English by constant practice.
范例
• 看着窗外,他想起了自己的童年。 • Looking out of the window, thoughts of his childhood came to him. • Looking out of the window, he thought of his childhood. • 听到这消息时,他满眼是泪。 • Hearing the sad news, his eyes were filled with tears. • When he heard the sad news, his eyes were filled with tears.
范例
• 许多人不但不植树,反而砍树。 • 误:Many people not only don’t plant trees but also cut trees. • 正:Many people don’t plant trees, instead, they cut trees. • 他们刚要走过街角就听到了枪声。 • They were just turning the corner, when they heard the noise of a shot. • Just as they were turning the corner, they heard the noise of a shot.
Байду номын сангаас译汉常见错误
• 望文生义型错误 • 如果孤立地理解词语的意思,忽视上下文对语义 的制约作用,遇到多义词或词组时,有时会信手 拈来自己熟悉的意思放到译文中,从而造成译文 扭曲,让人无法理解。 • Fight shy of the theoretical method of approach to the learning of English. • 误:从理论上讲,学英文的方法就是要战胜害羞。 • 正:学英语要避免只讲理论(而不去实践)。 • fight shy of 是习语,意为回避、躲避。
范例
• When you are down, you are not necessarily out. • 当你遇到挫折时,并不一定丧失成功的机会。 • He tugged heavy hand baggage down endless airport corridors. • 他推着沉重的随身行李,走过环形的机场走廊。 • Individualism is the core of social values in the United States. • 个人的价值是美国社会文化准则的核心。
语法型错误
• 常见的语法错误有:名词单复数变化错误;冠词、 介词错用漏用;比较级、最高级错用或不一致; 主谓关系不一致、主从关系混乱、非谓语动词及 虚拟语气表达错误等。 • 他本来想多给你一点帮助的,只是他太忙了。 • 误:He wanted to give you more help, but he has been so busy recently. • 正:He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy recently.
• 虽然不定式没有语法上的主语,但有逻辑 主语。不定式的逻辑主语与句子的主语要 一致。 • 为了在搞科研中取得成功,需要坚持不懈。 • 误:To succeed in a scientific research project, persistence is needed. • 正:To succeed in a scientific research project, one needs to be persistent.
范例
• 从图书馆借来的那本书已找到。 • The book which was borrowed from the library had been found. • The book which had been borrowed from the library was found.
不定式的逻辑主语问题
范例
• • • • • • • • • This failure was the making of him. 误:这次失败是他造成的。 正:这次失败是他成功的基础。 They made an example of the boy. 误:他们以这个男孩为榜样。 正:他们惩罚这个男孩以儆他人。 He tried to seem angry, but his smile betrayed him. 误:他试图看上去是生气的,但是他的笑容背叛了他。 正:他假装生气的样子,可是他的笑容暴露了他的真实情 感。
语义结构型错误
• 由于容易受到汉语字面说法的干扰,汉译 英时要特别重视语义结构(也可称为词语 搭配),比如:吃药是take medicine,但吃 苹果是eat apple. • 从他的话音里,我能听出东西来。 • I can hear something from the tone of his voice. • I can tell something from the tone of his voice.
范例
• 欢迎你来到英语角活动。 • Welcome you to join our English corner activities. • You are welcome to join our English corner. • Welcome to join our English corner.
语法关系混淆性错误
• Any literate person on the face of the globe is deprived if he does not know English. • 误:地球上任何有文化的人,如果不懂英语将被 剥夺很多东西。 • 正:世界上任何有文化的人,如果不懂英语就算 不上受过良好教育的人。 • 句中的deprived=underprivileged,意为所受教育 少的,是系表结构,不是被动语态。
分词的逻辑主语问题
• 分词的逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相一致。 否则便成为悬垂分词。 • 老虎在笼子里,因此我不怕。 • 误:Being in a cage, I was not afraid of the tiger. • 正:The tiger being in a cage, I was not afraid of it.
范例
• 要做出决定,应该考虑各种因素。 • To make a decision, everything must be taken into consideration. • To make a decision, you must take everything into consideration. • 这本书需要翻译成英语 • The book is required to put into English. • The book is required to be put into English.
范例
• • • • • He stole her a watch. 他为她偷了一块表。 It was not that he had plenty of money. 那并不是因为他有很多钱。 A man parked his car on a little bridge overlooking a picturesque, arid gully and took out his camera.
不合乎逻辑的比较
• 指在译成英语的句子中形成了非等同物之 间的比较,如: • 你们班的女生比我们班的更活跃。 • 误:The girls in your class are more active than our class. • 正:The girls in your class are more active than those in our class.
缺乏背景知识造成的错误
• The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on the English language. • 误:现在太阳从英国国旗上有规律地落下, 但是英语却不是这样。 • 正:现在,英国已经不是个“日不落”帝 国了,但是,英语却广泛流行使用着。
范例
• Albert Einstein, who developed the theory of relativity, arrived at this theory through mathematics. • 误:阿伯特·爱因斯坦发展了相对论,他是 通过数学得出这一理论的。 • 正:阿伯特·爱因斯坦创立了相对论,他是 通过数学得出这一理论的。
逻辑型错误
• 在用英语表达汉语原文的意思时,时间的 先与后,执行者与承受者之间的关系,非 谓语动词的逻辑主语与住句的主语,比较 句的排除与包括,代替词和名次的性与数 的一致等都存在着一个逻辑问题。
时间先后不合逻辑
• 对不起,我没看见你。 • 误:Sorry I don’t see you. • 正:Sorry I didn’t see you.
翻译中的常见错误
• 汉译英 • 造成汉译英常见错误的原因错综复杂,但 就其原因主要有两个:一是运用英语知识 的实践能力差,尽管道理和规则记得很熟, 但由于练习较少,动笔时容易出错;二是 受汉语的影响,常见的错误往往是用英语 套用汉语的表达方式,习惯说法和思维模 式等。
生搬硬套型错误
• 这类错误就是把汉语表达的意思逐词照搬 地直译成英语。 • 美中不足 • Both America and China are insufficient • (正:a fly in the ointment) • 嫁祸于人 • Marry the misfortune to another. • (正:shift the misfortune onto sb. else)
• 一名男子把车停放在一座小桥上,小桥下面是一 条美丽干涸的峡谷,这个人拿出相机准备拍照。
逻辑型错误
• I’ve served in nine presidential appointed offices, but nothing has as tough and complex as this.” said Elliot Richardson. • 误:“我曾担任过九个总统任命的职务, 没有哪一次像这样棘手和复杂,”埃利奥 特·尼查森说。 • 正: “总统任命的职务我担任过九个,没 有哪一次这样棘手和复杂”,埃利奥特·尼 查森说。