GMAT高分范文100篇(附录 GMAT写作高分模板与针对性黄金句型)【圣才出品】
100篇GMAT写作范文赏析
100篇GMAT写作范文赏析GMAT写作范文赏析极智批改网分享1. The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholder by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argumentwould make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.Citing facts drawn from the color-film processing industry that indicate a downward trend in the costs of film processing over a 24-year period, the author argues that Olympic Foods will likewise be able to minimize costs and thereby maximize profits in the future. In support of this conclusion the author refers tothe general prin ciple that “as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient.” This principle, coupled with the fact that Olympic Foods has had decades of experie nce in the food processing industry creates author’s optimistic prediction. However, this argument is unconvincing because it suffers from two critical flaws.First, the author’s prediction of minimal costs and maximum profits rests on the dubitable assumption that Olympic Foods’ experience has improved its production and logistical methodology. There is no guarantee that this is the case. Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this assumption. It is equally probable that Olympic Foods has learned nothing from its 25 years in thefood-processing business. Without this arbitrary assumption, the expectation of increased efficiency has no basis.Second, it is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from the color-film processing industry are applicable to the food processing industry. There are many differences between the two industries, making the analogy less than valid. Forexample, problems of hygiene, contamination, and transportation all affect the food industry but are not significant factors in the film-processing industry. Problems such as these might present insurmountable obstacles that prevent lowering food-processing costs in the future.As it stands the author’s argument is not compelling or reliable. To strengthen the conclusion that Olympic Foods will enjoy minimal costs and maximum profits in the future, the author must provide evidence that the company has learned how to do things better as a result of its lengthy industrial experience. Supporting examples drawn from industries more similar to thefood-processing industry would further support the author’s view.2. The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices (n. 外地办事处) and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.”In this argument the author concludes that the Apogee Company should close down field offices and conduct all its operations from a single, centralized locationbecause the company had been more profitable in the past when all its operations were in one location. This argument is not very convincing for a few reasons, The centralization which would improve profitability by cutting costs and streamlining supervision of employees is merely an assumption of the author. This assumption is never supported with any data, projections or patterns. Furthermore, the assumption fails to take into account unforeseen cost increases that might stem from centralization. For instance, company representatives would have to travel to do business in areas formerly served by a field office, creating expenditure of not only money but also of time. The author’s assumption must be supported with a thorough cost-benefit analysis of centralization versus otherprofit-enhancing strategies.Another flaw with this argument is that the author assumes that when Apogee was in one location, this centralization was thesole factor influencing business. But is centralization the only difference relevant to greater past profitability? It is entirely possible that a number of factors can affect the bottom line (帐本底线) such as inferior products, careless product pricing, inefficient production, poor employee expense account monitoring, ineffective advertising, sloppy buying policies and other wasteful spending. Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to this case, the argument recklessly assumes that just because one event (decreasing profits) follows another (decentralization), the second event is necessarily caused by the first.In conclusion, this is a weak argument. The argument would be strengthened if the author were to provide a thorough cost-benefit analysis of available alternatives and considers other factors that might be negatively affecting current profits.3. The following appeared in a memorandum issued by a large city’s council on the arts.“In a rec ent citywide poll, fifteen percent more residents said that they watch television programs about the visual arts than was the case in a poll conducted five years ago. During these past five years, the number of people visiting our city’s art museums has in creased by a similar percentage. Since the corporate funding that supports public television, where most of the visual arts programs appear, is now being threatened with severe cu ts, we can expect that attendance at our city’s art museums will also start t o decrease. Thus some of the city’s funds for supporting the arts should be reallocated to public television.”In this argument the author concludes that the city should allocate some of its funding for the arts to public television inorder to boost museum attendance. The conclusion is based on two things: attendance at the city’s art museum has increased similarly to the increases in visual-arts programs on public television; and public television is being threatened by severe cuts in corporate funding. While this argument is convincing for some, a few concerns must be addressed.The argument depends on the assumption that increased exposure to the visual arts on television, public television in particular, has caused a similar increase in attendance of art-museums. However, just because increased art-museum attendance can be correlated with similar increases in television viewing of visual-arts programs, this does not necessarily mean that the television viewing of arts is the cause of the rise in museum attendance. This assertion assumes that television programs are the cause which affects museum attendance. This assumption of cause and effect is totally fallacious.Moreover, maybe there are other factors relevant to increased interest in the local art museum; for instance, maybe a new director has procured more interesting acquisitions and exhibits and thus caused museum attendance to increase. Furthermore, the author could be overlooking a common cause for both increases. It is possible that some larger phenomenon is responsible for greater public interest in both television arts programming and municipal art museums.We must recognize that the author’s assumption reflects a gene ral attitude that television viewing affects people’s attitudes and be havior. This is a shared premise on which many will agree. After all, was it not true, would advertisers spend billions of dollars on television ad time?In conclusion, the author’s lin e of reasoning does indeedhold water. But is it air tight? The argument would be strengthened if the author were to consider andrule out other important factors that may have caused the increase in visits to the local art museum.4. The following appeared in a report presented for discussion at a meeting of the directors of a company that manufactures parts for heavy machinery.“The falling revenues that the company is experiencing coincide with delays in manufacturing. These delays, in turn, are due in large part to poor planning in purchasing metals. Consider further that the manager of the department that handles purchasing of raw materials has an excellent background in general business, psychology, and sociology, but knows little about the properties of metals. The company should, therefore, move the purchasing manager to the sales department and bring in a scientist from the research division to be manager of the purchasing department.”In response to a perceived correlation between falling revenues and delays in manufacturing, the report recommends changing the manager of the purchasing department. The there are two justifications for this action. First, the delays are traced to poor planning in purchasing metals. Second, the purchasing manager’s lack of knowledge of metals is thought to be another cause of falling revenues. It is further recommended that the position of the purchasing manager be filled by a scientist and that the current purchasing manager be reassigned to the sales department. In support of the latter suggestion, the report states that the current purchasing manager’s background in general business, psychology, andsociology equip him for this new assignment. Therecommendations advanced in the report are questionable for two reasons.The report fails to establish causality between the revenue of the company and the delays in manufacturing. That falling revenues and delays in manufacturing are concurrent is insufficient to assume that the delays caused the decline in revenue. Without further evidence to support the causal connection between these two events, the report’s recommendations are not trustworthy or reliable.Moreover, a key assumption of the report is that knowledge of the properties of metals is necessary for purchasing metals. There is no evidence in the report to support this assumption. It is not obvious that such knowledge is necessary for performing this task. Since planning is a logistical function, it is doubtful that in-depth knowledge of the properties of metals would be helpful in accomplishing this task.In conclusion, this argument is quite weak. In order to strengthen the recommendation that the manager of the purchasing department be replaced, the author must demonstrate that the decline in revenue is a result of the delays in manufacturing. Additionally, the author would have to show that knowledge of the properties of metals is a prerequisite for both planning and purchasing metals.5. The following appeared in an announcement issued by the publisher of The Mercury, a weekly newspaper.“Since a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugle, was started five years ago, The Mercury’s circulation has declined by 10,000 readers. The best way to get more people to read The Mercury is to reduce its price below that of The Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels. The increasedcirculation of The Mercury will attract more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.”In the opinion of a newspaper publisher the price of its paper, The Mercury, should be reduced below the price of a competing newspaper in order to stimulate sales. This suggestion is in response to a decline in circulation of The Mercury during the 5-year period following the appearance of The Bugle on newsstands. The publisher’s line of reasoning is that a lower newspaper price will i ncrease its readership, thereby increasing profits since a wider readership attracts more advertisers. This line of reasoning is problematic in two important ways.While increased circulation would make the paper more attractive to potential advertisers, it is not obvious that lowering the subscription price is a surefire way to obtain new readers. The publisher assumes that price is the one and only factor that caused the original decline in readership. But no evidence is given to support this claim. Additionally, given that The Mercury was a common and widespread local paper, it is unlikely that such a mass decline in readers would be explained by subscription price alone.There are many other factors that might account for a decrease in The Mercury’s popularity. Readers might be displeased with the extent and accuracy of its news reporting, or the balance of local to other news coverage. Moreover, it is possible that The Mercury has recently changed editors or undergone equally drastic internal shifts, giving the paper an unpopular local perspective, political or otherwise. Or perhaps readers are unhappy with the paper’s format, the relevance of its articles or its entertainment value, etc.In conclusion, the publisher’s argument is flimsy because itdepends on an oversimplified assumption about the connection between the price of the paper and its circulation. To strengthen the argument, the author must identify and analyze factors beyond cost before concluding that lowering subscription prices will indeed boost circulation and increase advertising revenue.6. The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life.“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helios’s unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the region’s manufac turing jobs. In addition, Helios is attemp ting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”In this argument companies are exhorted to consider the city of Helios when seeking a new location or new business opportunity. T o support this suggestion, the author mentions that Helios is the industrial center of the region, providing most of the region’s manufacturing jobs and enjoying a comparatively low unemployment rate. Moreover,, efforts are currently underway to expand the economic base of the city by attracting companies that focus on of the creation of innovative technologies. This argument is fallatious primarily for two reasons.To begin with, it is questionable whether the available labor pool in Helios could support corporations of every or any type. Although Helios has attracted many industrial and manufacturing companies in the past, this is not a good indication that the local pool of prospective employees would beinvariably suitable for corporations of other types. For example, the needs of research and development companies would encountrer difficulties if provided with a labor force trained in manufacturing skills. For this reason, it’s unlikely that Helios will be successful in its attempt to attract companies that focus primarily on research and development of new technology.Another problem with the available work force is its size. Due to the low unemployment rate in Helios, corporations that require large numbers of workers may have difficulty in Helios. The fact that few people are searching for work suggests that new corporations will have to either attract outside workers to Heliosor pay the existing workers higher wages in order to compete with workers’ curren t jobs. Neither of these seems enticing to companies seeking to relocate.In conclusion, the author has not successfully provided compelling reasons for selecting Helios as the site for a company wishing to relocate. In fact, the reasons here conversely are better used as reasons for not relocating to Helios.7. The following appeared in the health section of a magazine on trends and lifestyles.“People who use the artificial sweetener aspartame are better off consuming sugar, since aspartame can actually contribute to weight gain rather than weight loss. For example, high levels of aspartame have been shown to trigger a craving for food by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers satiety, or the sense of being full. Furthermore, studies suggest that sugars, if consumed after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise, actually enhance the body’s ability to burn fat. Consequently, those who drink aspartame-sweetened juices afterexercise will also lose this calorie-burning benefit. Thus it appears that people consuming aspartame rather than sugar are unlikely to achieve their dietary goals.”The author concludes that people trying to lose weight should consume real sugar rather than the artificial sweetener aspartame for numerous reason advantageous to health. The author argues that aspartame causes weight gain by triggering food cravings, whereas sugar catalyzes and enhances the body’s ability to burn fat. While this might be true, these reasons provide partial and insufficient support for the conclusion stated at the end of the article.The first reason that aspartame triggers food cravings is supported by research findings that high levels of aspartame deplete the brain chemical responsible for registering a sense of being (sated, sating充分满足) full. But the generalization based on this research is unreliable as the research was based on a sample in which large amounts of aspartame were administered; however, the author applies the research findings to a target population that includes all aspartame users without indicating the levels of consumption of the artificial sweetener.The evidence that sugar enhances the body’s ability to burn fat is based on studies in which experimental groups, whose members consumed sugar after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise To the exclusion of other important and relevant factors such as age, weight, lifestyle and demographic evenness. The author’s general claim is extended applies to all dieters who use sugar instead of aspartame, not just to those who use sugar after exercise. Once again, the author’s generalization is unreliable because it is based on a sample that does not represent all dieters.In conclusion, each of the studies cited by the author bases its findings on evidence that does not represent a demographically comparable portion of dieters; for this reason, neither premise of this argument is a reliable generalization.Consequently, I am not convinced that dieters should consume sugar rather than aspartame.8. The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter.“The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs.”A survey among workers states that a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs exists among a majority of works in the questionnaire. The author concludes that, despite previous assertions, workers are not indfferent regarding management issues. It is argued that since 79 percent of the 1200 workers who responded to the survey expressed interest in these topics, assertion that workers are apathetic about corporate and management concerns is incorrect. The cogency of this argument is problematic in a few ways.Firstly, the statistics used in the editorial is potentially misleading because the total number of workers in the corporation is not stated clearly. If the corporation employs a low number of workers, then 79 percent of the total 1200 respondentsreflects a significant demographic and provides strongsupport for the conclusion. However, if the corporation employs a greater number, for example, 20,000 workers, the conclusion is more dubitable because it does not reflect the viewpoints of a significant number of workers.Another hole in the argument is that it is uncertain whether the respondents’ views represent the views of the majority of the work force. Because the survey has to do with worker indifference, it is logical to say that only less apathetic workers would respond to it and thus inaccurately portraying the overall perspective of the work force. Without knowing the methods of gathering information, it is impossible to determine whether or not this is the case.A third problem with the argument is that it makes a sudden generalization about the nature of the issues in which works are interested. Common sense tells us that workers are obviously interested the redesign of benefits programs, since these issues directly affect the lives of workers. However, it is less fair to assume that workers would be similarly interested issues less relevant to their immediate circumstances, namely ones that affect them less directly or not at all.As it stands, this argument is not convincing. In order to strengthen it, the author must show the workers surveyed account for a significant and demographically representative portion of all workers. Moreover, the author must provide evidence of the interest workers have in other management topics and not just those that affect workers directly.9. The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine.“On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products andservices, while for younger consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer.”The assertion that department retail sales will increase over the next 10 years and that department stores should replace current products in order to attract middle-aged consumers is not entirely convincing. The legitimacy and logic of the passage relies on certain crucial assumptions.First of all, the argument deemphasizes the retail expenditure of younger consumers devoted to store products and services. It may be true that younger consumers spend less per person that do middle-aged consumers, but, they might actually spend more in terms of the total amount across the demographic.Even if middle-aged consumers do spend more than younger ones in department stores, the argument brushes aside the possibility that the trend will perhaps change within the next decade. Younger people may prefer to shop indepartment stores rather than in other kinds of stores. This may also be the case with middle-aged consumers. This can potentially lead to a more purchases by young consumers in department stores than by middle-aged consumers.Besides, the argument never touches on the population difference between the middle-aged and younger demographics. If there are more young consumers than the middle-aged consumers now, the young consumer demogaphic will be biggerthan that of the middle-aged consumers, provided both of them grow at the same rate during the next decade. Thus the younger consumer base outpaces its middle-aged counterpart.Based on the reasons above, the argument is not entirely sound although it has some perhaps correct assertions. Ultimately, the evidence supporting the conclusion does little to prove the conclusion since it does not address the assumptions raised in this essay. The argument would be more convincing by making it unequivocal that the absolute population of middle-aged consumers is higher than that of young consumers and also that this number will increase over the next decade. Finally, the author should include that middle-aged consumers will continue to spend more money in department stores than younger consumers over the next decade.10. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State Co llege traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Waymarsh students evidently weren’t so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”The conclusion of the argument is that the state legislature does not need to consider the perspective of protesting students. The author points out that a minority of 200 out of 12,000 students traveled to the state capitol to demonstrate against potential cuts in college programs and funding. The authorconcludes that students not in attendance are consequently not interested in this issue; if they were, then those remaining students would have taken part in this protest,. The reasoning here is flawed for two reasons.First, the author assumes that since only one-tenth of the total student body took part in the protest, these students’ do not represent the entire student body. This assumption is flagrant and hasty. If, perhaps, it turns out that the protesting students were randomly selected from the entire student body, it would be safe to say that their views reflect the views of the entire college. Information regarding the method of selecting or categorizing protesting students is necessary for the cogency of the argument. It is groundless to conclude that their opinions do not reflect the opinions of their peers.Second, the author arbitrarily creates a direct correlation between the remaining 12,000 students who stayed on campus or left for winter break and the dubitable assertion that they are apathetic about their education. One response to this reasoning is that the students who did not participate felt that their concerns would be accurately expressed by the protesting students, who are a small but accurate representation of student sentiment. Regardless, the author has not demonstrated a substantial connection between the students’ perceived apathy and the fact that they either didn’t leave campus or went elsewhere for winter break. The conclusion reached by the author that the remaining 12,000 students are indifferent towards not only their own educational circumstances but also their fellow students’ is not a cogent argument worthy of support.As it is, the argument is not well reasoned. In order to make it logically accurate, the author would have to show that thestudents who did choose to protest had a characteristic biases amongst themselves which obviated their views and their protest as representative of the entire student body.11. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has。
GMAT考试作文精品模板推荐(4)
第一段: 选择1In the argument, the author concludes that … T o support his conclusion, the author cites the study indicating that …/the author points out/reasons that … In addition, the author mentions (the evidence) that … Based on this evidence, the author further r ecommends that …(subjunctive动词原形)/recommends …(doing). At first glance, the analysis appears thorough and compelling. However, a close/careful examination reveals various logical flaws which render the author’s line of reasoning questionable.选择2… (陈述同选择1) After a careful examination, I find that the argument, apparently compelling, is not well supported by the evidence.最后一段：选择1By way of conclusion, it seems that the author’s conclusion that … is seriously undermined by the (numerous) flaws in his reasoning identified above. T o substantiate/strengthen the argument, the author would have to provide clear/concrete/solid/credible evidence that … In addition, the author should take into consideration that … Unless these key issues are properly addressed, the argument isn’t sound and convincing.选择2T o sum up, it is imprudent for the author to draw the conclusionthat … solely on the basis of the evidence presented, which is insufficient to lend strong support to what the author claims.// It is clear that the author fails to provide more credible evidence to support his conclusion that … T o make this analysis more thorough, the author must firstly investigate … (sth.) and then provide evidence that (1) … , and (2) … T o better assess/evaluate the argument, I would also need to know whether …各种推理错误：A. 错误地认定某趋势会一直延续下去In the argument, the authors stated that … Although the trend/tendency cited in the study has remained stable for the past 10 years, there is no guarantee that it/the same trend will continue over the next 20 years. The study’s results can hardly be used to predict the future. It is entirely possible/very likely that … If that is the case, … Thus the credibility of the author’s assertion is called into question.Even if the trend given in the argument will be true over the next 20 years, /Even if we grant the preceding assumption that … , /Even supposing that the same trend will continue over the next 20 years, ……B. 错误地认为某一事物的程度大到足以引起某些变化The author attri butes … to the fact that … However, this line of reasoning is problematic, since no evidence is provided concerning the extent/degree to which … Perhaps … Or it is possible that … Either ofthese scenarios, if true, will render this connection worthless/doubtful.C. 错误地认为X就是由Y引起的，忽视了其他可能原因In the argument, the author ascribes X to the fact that/claims that … However, it is not necessarily the case. This alone does not constitute a logical argument in favor of …// Many other factors may equally contribute to the results/could bring out the same results/may account for/affect ... // While … is one way to achieve the results, it is by no means the only way. For instance, … The argument is unsound/unwarranted until such possibilities are taken into account/considered and ruled out. // Without solid evidence linking X to Y, it is presumptuous to suggest that Y is totally responsible for these results.D. 错误地认为Y发生在X前，X就是Y引起的;错误地将同时发生的X与Y认为成由因果联系T o begin with, the author unfairly assumes that … is the cause of sth. cited. The sequence of these events, by themselves, is not sufficient to demonstrate that the former causes the latter because a chronological relationship is only one of the indicators of a causal relationship between two events./ Howeve r, the mere fact that … precedes … is insufficient to conclude that it causes these events. Perhaps … Moreover, … may not necessarily indicate that … It is also highly possible that … No additional evidence linking … and … is offered in the argument, makin g for the possibility that these events are not causally related but merelycoincident.E. 错误的一概适用/横向对比Even if … it does not follow that … According to the author, X is analogous to Y in all respects. A thorough analysis reveals, however, that the differences between X and Y outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy less than valid. For example, … affect X’s results but are virtually absent in Y. These differences may weaken a conclusion based on the analogy between X and Y /weaken the conclusion that X will suffer from the same fate as Y is.F. 错误地由某些原则/理论推出某一事物应该被重视、被选择Finally, even if … will be true/ is guaranteed, it doesn’t stand that … should/will … The author unfairly applies the general principle to a specific field/industr y. What if … Lacking information about …, it is imprudent for the author to assert that …G. 错误地从某一数据/样本中得出结论… the statistics cited in support of the final conclusion that … could be misleading. Although …, …might spend more in terms of the actua l amount. Therefore there is no way to …【percentage≠the actual amount】【sales≠profits】H. 无端假设Most conspicuously, the argument rests on the gratuitous assumption that… This assumption is weak, since no evidence ispresented to establish that … (opposing possibilities) // This assumption is dubious in two aspects. For one thing, … For another, …以上为大家推荐了一些GMAT作文考试的实用模板，考生可以适当参考，并通过大量的写作练习来逐步提高自己的GMAT作文的写作水平，从而在GMAT考试中取得更好的成绩。
GMAT高分范文100篇（非此即彼逻辑错误）【圣才出品】
GMAT⾼分范⽂100篇（⾮此即彼逻辑错误）【圣才出品】◆⾮此即彼逻辑错误Argument72增加长期通勤乘客使⽤公家车频率的⽅法The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.“Commuter use of the new subway train is exceeding the transit company’s projections.However,commuter use of the shuttle buses that transport people to the subway stations is below the projected volume.If the transit company expects commuters to ride the shuttle buses to the subway rather than drive there,it must either reduce the shuttle bus fares or increase the price of parking at the subway stations.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument.For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion.You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument,what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what,if anything,would help you better evaluate its conclusion.【参考范⽂】The author concludes that the local transit company must either reduce fares for the shuttle buses that transport people to their subway stations or increase parking fees at the stations.The reasons offered to support this conclusion are thatcommuter use of the subway train is exceeding the transit company’s expectations, while commuter use of the shuffle buses is below projected volume.This argument is unconvincing because the author oversimplifies the problem and its solutions in a number of ways.To begin with,by concluding that the transit company must either reduce shuttle fares or increase parking fees,the author assumes that these are the only available solutions to the problem of limited shuttle use.However,it is possible that other factors—such as inconvenient shuttle routing and/or scheduling,safety concerns,or an increase in carpools—contribute to the problem.If so,adjusting fares or parking fees would might not solve the problem.In addition,the author assumes that reducing shuttle fees and increasing parking fees are mutually exclusive alternatives.However,the author provides no reason for imposing an either/or choice.Adjusting both shuttle fares and parking fees might produce better results.Moreover,if the author is wrong in the assumption that parking fees and shuttle fees are the only possible causes of the problem,then the most effective solution might include a complex of policy changes—for example,in shuttle fares,parking fees,rerouting,and rescheduling.In conclusion,this argument is weak because the author oversimplifies both the problem and its possible solutions.To strengthen the argument the author must examine all factors that might account for the shuttle’s unpopularity. Additionally,the author should consider all possible solutions to determine which combination would bring about the greatest increase in shuttle use.【范⽂点评】题⼲中的社论提出下调公交车车票价格或增加地铁站停车场停车费，从⽽解决通勤旅客乘坐地铁情况超出运输公司预计，⽽乘坐公交车通勤旅客数量低于预计的问题。
GMAT优秀作文范文
GMAT优秀作文范文精选Businesses and other organizations have overemphasized the importance of working as a team. Clearly, in any human group, it is the strong individual, the person with the most mitment and energy, who gets things done.企业和其他组织过分强调了团队工作的重要性。
很明显，在任何人类团体里，都是最强的个人，那个具有最多义务和能量的人，把事情完成的。
The relationship between teamwork and individual strength, energy, and mitment is plex; whether they operate in a plementary or antagonistic manner depends on: the goals toward which the traits are directed, the degree of emphasis on teamwork, and the job of the individual within an organization.A persons ability to work effectively in a team is not in consistent per se with personal strength, energy, and mitment. If exercised in a self-serving mannerfor example, through pilfering or back stabbingthese traits can operate against the organization. Conversely, if directed toward the firms goals, these traits can motivate other team members, thereby advancing mon goals. World War II generals Patton and Rommel understood this point and knew how to bring out the best individual qualities in their troops, while at the same time instilling a strong sense of team and mon purpose.Nevertheless, over-emphasizing teamwork can be counterproductive for an organization. A suessful team requires both natural leaders and natural followers; otherwise, a team will aomplish little. Undue emphasis on teamwork may quell initiative among natural leaders,thereby thwarting team goals. Also, teamwork can be overemphasized with a missioned sales force of highlypetitive and autonomic individuals. Overemphasis on teamwork here might stifle healthy petition, thereby defeating a firms objectives. In other organizational areas, however, teamwork is critical. For example, a product-development team must progress in lock-step fashion toward mon goals, such as meeting a rollout deadline.。
关于GMAT优秀作文范文
关于GMAT优秀作文精选范文Demographic trends that indicate an increase in the number of college-aged people over the next ten years lead the author to predict an improved job market for all people seeking college-level teaching positions in their academic disciplines. Moreover, the author argues that since Waymarsh University students with advanced degrees had an especially difficult time finding teaching jobs in the past, these trends portend better times ahead for Waymarsh graduates. This argument is problematic in three important respects.First, the author assumes that an increase in the number of college-aged people over the next decade will necessarily result in an increase in the number of people who attend college during this period. While this is a reasonable assumption, it is by no means a certainty. For example, a world war or economic depression in the next decade would certainly nullify this expectation.Second, even if we grant the preceding assumption, we must also consider the additional assumption that increased university enrollments will lead to an increase in teaching positions in all fields. However, it might turn out that some teaching specialties are in greater demand than others in the future, resulting in a disproportionate number of teaching positions available in various fields.Consequently, persons trained in some fields might find it more difficult, if not impossible, to find teaching jobs in the future.。
作文范文之GMAT作文模板100篇
GMAT作文模板100篇【篇一：gmat作文范例】360教育集团介绍，在gmat作文的备考过程中，考生需要在大量的练习中不断提升自己的逻辑思维能力和语言表达能力，并通过参照模板来改进gmat作文的写作方式，以达到提高gmat作文写作水平的目的。
下面就来为大家提供一些gmat作文的点评以及范例。
题目：10. the following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:“this past winter, 200 students from waymarsh state college traveled to the state capitol building to protest againstproposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. the other 12,000 waymarsh students evidently weren’tso concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. since the group who didnot protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the state’s college students than are the protesters.therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals ofthe protesting students.”逻辑漏洞：1. 文中说另外12000学生对他们的教育不感兴趣，因为他们没参加游行，躲在学校或放假去了。
GMAT优秀作文模板
GMAT优秀作文精选模板Based upon the profitability of the Croesus Company and the fact that it was recently converted from public to private ownership, the author concludes that private ownership is better for businesses than public ownership. I find this argument unconvincingn two respects.In the first place, the evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion. Unless it can be shown that Croesus Company is representative of all panies that have converted from public to private ownership, the conclusion that all panies would be more profitable under private ownership is pletely unwarranted. In fact, in the face of such limited evidence it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all.In the second place, the author assumes that the reason for Croesus profitability was its conversion from public to private ownership. This assumption, however, is not supported in the argument. In the absence of evidence to support this assumption many other explanations for Croesus Companys profitability are possible. For example, its suess may be due to the fact that Croesus has few petitors or because the product or service it provides is unique, or because it has an exceptionally skilled management team.。
关于GMAT优秀作文模板
关于GMAT优秀作文精选模板39. It is difficult for people to achieve professional suess without sacrificing important aspects of a fulfilling personal life.Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.Are professional suess and a fulfilling personal life mutually exclusive? Probably not, although it is more difficult today to achieve both.Undeniably, todays professionals must work long hours to keep their heads above water , let alone to get ahead in life financially. This is especially true in Japan, where cost of living, coupled with corporate culture, pel professional males to all but abandon their families and literally to work themselves to death. While the situation here in the states may not be as critical, the two-ine family is now the norm, not by choice but by necessity.However, our societys professionals are taking steps to remedy the problem. First, they are inventing wayssuch as job sharing and telemuting to ensure that personal life does not take a backseat to career. Second, they aresetting priorities and living those hours outside the workplace to the fullest. In fact, professional suessusually requires the same time-management skills that are useful to find time for family, hobbies, and recreation. One need only look at the recent American presidentsClinton, Bush, Reagan, and Carterto see that it is possible to leada balanced life which includes time for family, hobbies,and recreation, while immersed in a busy and suessful career. Third, more professionals are changing careers to ones which allow for some degree of personal fulfillmentand self-actualization . Besides, many professionals truly love their work and would do it without pensation, as a hobby. For them, professional fulfillment and personal fulfillment are one and the same .。
GMAT优秀英语作文范文
GMAT优秀英语作文范文Sample Essay 2:In this argument the author concludes that drinking Saluda Natural Spring Water is preferable to drinking tap water. Three reasons are offered in support of this conclusion: SNSW contains several of the minerals necessary for good health, it is pletely tree of bacteria, and residents of Saludathe town where it is bottledare hospitalized less frequently than the national average. This argument is unconvincing because it relies on avariety of dubious assumptions.The first questionable assumption underlying this argument that tap water does not contain the minerals in question and is not pletely free of bacteria. This assumption is not supported in the argument. If tap wateris found to contain the same minerals and to be free of bacteria, the authors conclusion is substantially undermined.A second assumption of the argument is that the water residents of Saluda drink is the same as SNSW. Lacking evidence to the contrary, it is possible that Saluda is not the source of the bottled water but is merely the place where SNSW is bottled. No evidence is offered in the argument to dispute this possibility.Finally, it is assumed without argument that the reason residents are hospitalized less frequently than thenational average is that they drink SNSW. Again, no evidence is offered to support this assumption. Perhaps the residents are hospitalized less frequently because they are younger than the national average, because they are all vegetarians, or because they exercise daily. That is, there might be other reasons than the one cited to aount for this disparity.。
关于GMAT考试的优秀作文精选
GMAT考试的优秀作文关于GMAT考试的优秀作文精选为了方便广大考生更好的复习，综合整理了备考资料：GMAT优秀作文精选，以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。
This ad recommends non-prescription Acid-Ease over non-prescription Pepticaid for relief of excess stomach acid. The only reason offered is that doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for the full-strength prescription form of Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid. While this reason is relevant, and provides some grounds for preferring Acid-Ease over Pepticaid, it is insufficient as it stands because it depends on three unwarranted assumptions.The first assumption is that the prescription form of Acid-Ease is more popular among doctors. But this might not be the case, even though doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for Acid-Ease. Acid-Ease may have been available for several more years than Pepticaid; and in the years when both products were available, Pepticaid might have actually been prescribed more often than Acid-Ease.The second assumption is that doctors prefer the prescription form of Acid-Ease for the reason that it is in fact more effective at relieving excess stomach acid. However, doctors may have preferred Acid-Ease for reasons other than its effectiveness. Perhaps Acid-Ease is produced by a larger, more familiar drug company or by one that distributes more free samples. For that matter, the medical community may have simply been mistaken in thinking that Acid-Ease was more effective. In short, the number of prescriptions by itself is not conclusive as to whether one product is actually better thananother.。
GMAT高分范文100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】(第1章 GMAT考试写作指南)【圣才出品】
第1章GMAT考试写作指南2012年6月GMAT考试进行了重大改革，考试整体结构变化不大，主要体现在写作部分的调整和综合推理部分（Integrated Reasoning）的加入，写作部分的变动具体表现在取消了Issue写作，保留了Argument写作。
1.1GMAT考试简介GMAT，全称Graduate Management Admission Test（研究生管理科学入学考试），是由Graduate Management Admission Council（管理专业研究生入学考试委员会）主办，主要用来评估申请入学者是否适合在商业、经济、管理等专业的研究生阶段学习的标准化考试。
由于其有效性和较高的可信度，GMAT成绩获得全球各大商学院的普遍认可，目前被广泛作为工商管理硕士的入学考试，该考试在中国的举办单位为中国国外考试协调处（CIECB）。
1.2GMAT试卷结构1997年最后一次笔试之后，GMAT在1998年改成了计算机化测试（Computer-Adaptive Test）。
2012年6月改革后的GMAT考试包括四个部分：分析性写作（Analytical Writing Assessment）、综合推理（Integrated Reasoning）、定量推理（Quantitative）和文本逻辑推理（Verbal）。
GMAT详细试卷结构如下：GMAT考试试卷结构中文对照表：1.3GMAT写作试题分析和应试技巧GMAT分析性写作部分题目类型为论证分析写作，即要求考生对一段推理或论证进行评估，指出该推理或论证过程中所存在的漏洞，时间限制为30分钟。
该部分主要是对考生评估他人论述和表达个人观点的能力进行考查，因此题目虽有关商业及其他领域普遍关注的问题，但并不要求对与某论题相关专业知识的掌握。
论证分析写作由两部分构成，第一部分包括一句提供背景的介绍性的话和一段完整的论述，该论述过程包含不同的逻辑错误，为考生写作时攻击的重点。
GMAT写作argument满分范文
二．Analysis of Argument Questions1. The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, aprocessor of frozen foods.“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”下面摘自一家冷冻食品处理商（processor）奥林匹克食品提交给股东的年报：随着时间流逝，由于机构了解了做好事情的方法进而提高了效率，处理的成本会降低。
比如在彩色胶卷处理方面，3/5英寸照片的成本从1970年的5天50cent降至1984年的1天20cent。
同样的规律适用于食品处理方面。
由于奥林匹克食品即将庆祝它的25岁生日，我们可以指望我们长期的经验会使我们达到最小的成本和最大的利润。
GMAT写作范文格式-GMAT满分精选作文归纳
ＧＭＡＴ写作范文格式:ＧＭＡＴ满分精选作文归纳下面ＧＭＡＴ思为大家整理了ＧＭＡＴ写作：满分精选作文必备格式，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。
Ｒecently there is a debate over whether Ｓome people assert that, while other people believe thatＡs a matter of fact, the issue of whether is a complex and controversial one. Ｄifferent people hold different views due to their distinct backgrounds. Ｔherefore, there is not a universal answer to this question, and whether one choice takes precedence over the other may quite depend on the specific situation. Ｔhe decision, nevertheless, is not an easy one to make. Ａctually, the final judgment should rely on a case-by-case analysis. Ａs far as Ｉam concerned, however, Ｉ agree that . , and do not agree that Ｍy view can be greatly substantiated by the following discussions.Ｔhe first argument that can be presented to develop my position is that Ａ good example may be found in the case that Ｕnder this circumstance, it is obvious that.Ｉn addition, there is another reason for me to choose this statement. Ｔhe reason is not far to seek. Ｔo illustrate, let us consider that Ｈence, another equally important aspect isthat.Ａdmittedly, it may be true that . in some conditions. Ｈowever, this alone does not constitute a sufficient support to claim that .,Ａctually, these cases are rare and therefore are too specific and too weak to strengthen the view thatＷhen the advantages and disadvantages of x and y are carefully examined, the most striking conclusion is obvious that。
GMAT考试作文
GMAT考试作⽂GMAT考试作⽂精品模板 想要迅速提升GMAT作⽂的写作⽔平，⾸先就需要考⽣们参考⼤量的GMAT作⽂模板，并以此为基础不断的去总结，从⽽才能更好的掌握GMAT作⽂的写作规律。
下⾯就来为⼤家推荐⼀些GMAT作⽂的精品模板，希望能够为考⽣备考GMAT作⽂考试带来帮助。
模板⼀ In the given memorandum, the director of human resources department concluded that the employee satisfactory was surely improved after HR department’s effort on enhancing communication between management team and the staff. To support his idea, he alleged that such communication was ranked top in a previous survey so that this issue must be the cared most by employees. At first glance, this conclusion seems to some extent convincing. However, with close examination, we can find at least 3 logic flaws. I would like to discuss in the following paragraphs to disclose how groundless the allegation is. First, the director’s conclusion is based on a doubtful survey. As the director introduced, the methodology of this survey is to have employees rank the issues according to the importance. To find out whether the survey results are reliable, we need to ask several questions: How many employees are included in this survey? Are they representative to the total staff? Does the questionnaire included all the issues cared by the employees? Is there any possibility that the staff are unwilling to disclose their true thoughts since the survey might require them to sign their names on the questionnaire? Without answers to the questions above, the director can not responsibly conclude that the survey result is reliable enough for the management to draw a decision. Second, given the survey result is representative and reliable, the communication issue constantly ranked top only suggests that it’s considered important, rather than that management need to improve. Very possibly, the management communication is already well carried out in company X, while some other issues ranked second or third, which are still important, are poorly noticed, and are the real cause of dissatisfaction Last but not least, even if the communication issue is the key to enhance employee moral, and more effort focused on this issue is the right way to solve the problem, however, this does not guarantee that the issue is solved. The director should carefully examine the effect of such actions - maybe through another survey - so as to make sure that every effort they made has achieved the expected result. In summation, the argument is not as persuasive as it stands. Since the survey has not been proven reliable and the importance of communication does not necessarily suggest that there is any weakness on the issue, we have every reason to cast our doubt on the director’s conclusion that enhancing communication is the key to improve morale. Furthermore, it is imprudent for the director to suggest that the campaign that his department held is effective. To convince us, the director needs to demonstrate that employee’s satisfaction does rise after the campaign. With such solid evidence, the arguer could further explore on the questionnaire and take some other solutions into account rather than directly jump intosuggestion/conclution that… . 模板⼆ Totally disagree: Some people keep talking about the problem of ..., claiming that ....If there is one-which I leave to doubt-then it probably came from the misunderstanding or misconduct, rather than the idea itself. *** is one of the most important elements in our modern society. No matter how much we are reluctant to ... or how hard it is to make it happen, we have to adjust ourselves and embrace ..., for a ... First, in order to reveal the flaws underlying in the assertion above, we need to clarify the definition of ...Let us get down to fundamentals and admit that ...example 1. Therefore, no matter how reluctant we are to admit, ...was, is, and always will be an inevitable trend in our society. Rather than make hopeless effort to ..., people should face the reality and start to ... Second, ...is hard, but it’s never a mission impossible. Besides the emerging new technologies which can help us to make ...easier, ... can also contribute to...example 2. However, just as the author pointed out, ...sometimes has its side effects, especially when...To avoid ..., we should always stay cautious and keep in mind that...After all... To sum up, it’s my firmly hold view that... It is the ...that drive us forward, equip us with ...Though it sometimes..., we can avoid ... by ... ********************************************** Agree on both sides: ...and ..., which do you prefer? The arguer in the given material favor ..., which I do admit its advantages. However, just as a coin has its two sides, ...fails to work on ..., whereas it is applaused when...On the contrary, ...sometimes works perfectly. In my opinion, the issue of ...should be discussed case by case. On the one hand, we do need ..., since ....Reason...For instance,...When under such circumstances, I am the enthusiastic support of ... On the other hand, ...has its ground. When..., it is important to ...Let us take the case of ... as an example...Considering the ...and ..., people with common sense would obviously agree that... Maybe you will tease at me like President Harry S Truman saying "Give me a one-hand economist!". However, that’s the reality when we face such dilemmas. In some circumstances, we must integrate the both side, such as we put hands together to when we play golf: in the face of extremely complex situations, we do need a combination of ...and ... That is to say, we need to ..., and also ...The rapid development of our society is requiring far more sophisticated problem-solving skills. We have little chance to win with a simplified code of conduct. 模板三 Agree Dear reader, I’m Chinese, and what nationality are you? - Never mind, we are all human beings living in this world village. It is our responsibility to work together and make our home better. The arguer in the given material suggested that as global citizen, we should first be responsible to our earth, and then take the job to do benefit to our own countries. However, I see no conflicts between the to. If there is any, I believe we can easily solve it, since all people in this world will reach the same long-term target without difficulty. On the one hand, when we are working on your motherland, we are contributing to the whole human race. For example, a scientist working in his laboratory will share his findings no matter whether he is aiming to "make a better world" or just to contribute to his own country. In such a fast-developing era, science and technology has no boarders. All the invention, with or without penalty, will finally become the fortune of all the people on this planet. In such circumstances, when we protect the environment of our own village, we are doing favor to the whole nature. When we are making every effort to save energy, no matter by taking the underground instead of driving, or by supporting our government to invest on solar energy development, with your ballot and our tax dollars, we are playing our role of a responsibly citizen - both of the nation, and of the world. On the other hand, when we are saving our planet, we are saving our own country. Nowadays, many people with mutual belief work beyond the border on global affair. For instance, the Green Peace, a global NGO active in many countries, recruit members from all over the world, and serve all over the world. They generally believe that the environment is an organic whole. The pollution caused by low-level manufacturing in China would also poison the shrimps that American people devour. However, we have to admit that sometimes citizens, as well as nations, could appear selfish and shortsighted while exhausting their environment resources for short-round benefit. In this case, we do need to call for international cooperation to restrict such behaviors and protect our common homeland. To summarize, I would like to suggest that it is not necessary to distinguish the citizens for one country or for the globe. As long as we keep our mutual homeland, the earth, in mind, we can generally avoid the dilemma, and do what we consider right. 模板四 第⼀段 : 选择1 In the argument, the author concludes that … To support his conclusion, the author cites the study indicating that …/the author points out/reasons that … In addition, the author mentions (the evidence) that … Based on this evidence, the author further recommends that …(subjunctive动词原形)/recommends …(doing). At first glance, the analysis appears thorough and compelling. However, a close/careful examination reveals various logical flaws which render the author’s line of reasoning questionable. 选择2 … (陈述同选择1) After a careful examination, I find that the argument, apparently compelling, is not well supported by the evidence. 最后⼀段：选择1 By way of conclusion, it seems that the author’s conclusion that … is seriously undermined by the (numerous) flaws in his reasoning identified above. To substantiate/strengthen the argument, the author would have to provideclear/concrete/solid/credible evidence that … In addition, the author should take into consideration that … Unless these key issues are properly addressed, the argument isn’t sound and convincing. 选择2 To sum up, it is imprudent for the author to draw the conclusion that … solely on the basis of the evidence presented, which is insufficient to lend strong support to what the author claims.// It is clear that the author fails to provide more credible evidence to support his conclusion that … To make this analysis more thorough, the author must firstly investigate … (sth.) and then provide evidence that (1) … , and (2) … To better assess/evaluate the argument, I would also need to know whether … 各种推理错误： A. 错误地认定某趋势会⼀直延续下去 In the argument, the authors stated that … Although the trend/tendency cited in the study has remained stable for the past 10 years, there is no guarantee that it/the same trend will continue over the next 20 years. The study’s results can hardly be used to predict the future. It is entirely possible/very likely that … If that is the case, … Thus the credibility of the author’s assertion is called into question. Even if the trend given in the argument will be true over the next 20 years, /Even if we grant the preceding assumption that … , /Even supposing that the same trend will continue over the next 20 years, …… B. 错误地认为某⼀事物的.程度⼤到⾜以引起某些变化 The author attributes … to the fact that … However, this line of reasoning is problematic, since no evidence is provided concerning the extent/degree to which … Perhaps … Or it is possible that … Either of these scenarios, if true, will render this connection worthless/doubtful. C. 错误地认为X就是由Y引起的，忽视了其他可能原因 In the argument, the author ascribes X to the fact that/claims that … However, it is not necessarily the case. This alone does not constitute a logical argument in favor of …// Many other factors may equally contribute to the results/could bring out the same results/may account for/affect ... // While … is one way to achieve the results, it is by no means the only way. For instance, … The argument is unsound/unwarranted until such possibilities are taken into account/considered and ruled out. // Without solid evidence linking X to Y, it is presumptuous to suggest that Y is totally responsible for these results. D. 错误地认为Y发⽣在X前，X就是Y引起的;错误地将同时发⽣的X与Y认为成由因果联系 To begin with, the author unfairly assumes that … is the cause of sth. cited. The sequence of these events, by themselves, is not sufficient to demonstrate that the former causes the latter because a chronological relationship is only one of the indicators of a causal relationship between two events./ However, the mere fact that … precedes … is insufficient to conclude that it causes these events. Perhaps … Moreover, … may not necessarily indicate that … It is also highly possible that … No additional evidence linking … and … is offered in the argument, making for the possibility that these events are not causally related but merely coincident. E. 错误的⼀概适⽤/横向对⽐ Even if … it does not follow that … According to the author, X is analogous to Y in all respects. A thorough analysis reveals, however, that the differences between X and Y outweigh the similarities, thus making the analogy less than valid. For example, … affect X’s results but are virtually absent in Y. These differences may w e a k e n a c o n c l u s i o n b a s e d o n t h e a n a l o g y b e t w e e n X a n d Y / w e a k e n t h e c o n c l u s i o n t h a t X w i l l s u f f e r f r o m t h e s a m e f a t e a s Y i s . / p >。
GMAT高分范文100篇(比较与类比逻辑错误)【圣才出品】
◆比较与类比逻辑错误Argument23关于X型摩托车能够吸引客户的原因The following appeared as part of an article in the business section of a local newspaper.“Motorcycle X has been manufactured in the United States for over70years. Although one foreign company has copied the motorcycle and is selling it for less, the company has failed to attract motorcycle X customers—some say because its product lacks the exceptionally loud noise made by motorcycle X.But there must be some other explanation.After all,foreign cars tend to be quieter than similar American-made cars,but they sell at least as well.Also,television advertisements for motorcycle X highlight its durability and sleek lines,not its noisiness,and the ads typically have voice-overs or rock music rather than engine-roar on the sound track.”Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument.In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument.For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion.You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument,what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what,if anything,would help you better evaluate its conclusion.【参考范文】The author rejects the claim that the loud engine noise of American-made Motorcycle X appeals to the manufacturer’s customers and explains why they are not attracted to quieter,foreign-made imitations.The author’s rejection is based on two reasons.First,the author points out that foreign cars tend to be quieter than similar American-made cars,yet they sell just as well.Secondly,the author claims that ads for Motorcycle X do not emphasize its engine noise;instead,the ads highlight its durability and sleek lines,and employ voice-overs or rock music rather than engine roar.In my view,these reasons do not establish that the quieter engines of the foreign imitations fall to account for their lack of appeal.To begin with,the first reason rests on the assumption that what automobile customers find appealing is analogous to what motorcycle customers find appealing.This assumption is weak,since although there are points of comparison between automobiles and motorcycles,there are many dissimilarities as well.For example,headroom,smooth ride,and quiet engines are usually desirable qualities in a car.However,headroom is not a consideration for motorcycle customers;and many motorcycle riders specifically want an exciting,challenging ride,not a smooth one.The same may be true of engine noise;it is possible that motorcyclists like what loud engine noise adds to the experience of motorcycle riding.The author’s second reason is also problematic.Although the engine noise of Motorcycle X is not explicitly touted in advertisements,it does not necessarily follow that engine noise is not an important selling feature.Because Motorcycle Xhas been manufactured in the U.S.for over70years,its reputation for engine noise is probably already well known and need not be advertised.Moreover,the advertisers might use rock music on Motorcycle X ad soundtracks for the specific purpose of suggesting,or even simulating,its loud engine noise.In conclusion,this author has not provided convincing reasons for rejecting the claim that quieter engines make foreign-made motorcycles less popular.The author’s analogy involving foreign car sales is weak and the claim about Motorcycle X advertisements misses the purpose of including rock music in the ads.【范文点评】针对题目中文章对X型摩托车能够吸引客户的原因分析，范文指出了两方面的逻辑错误：首先，原文作者不应将汽车和摩托车进行对比，两者之间虽具有一些可比性，但也存在许多差异；其次，X型摩托车的引擎噪音在广告里没得到极力渲染，也并不表示引擎噪音就不是一个重要卖点，有时广告表现的内容不一定就是顾客最关注的内容。
GMAT考试优秀作文
GMAT考试优秀作文GMAT考试优秀作文范文This newspaper editorial concludes that our city should build a plant for burning trash in order to avoid the serious health threats associated with many landfills. The author adds that an incinerator could offer economic benefits as well, since incinerators can be adapted to generate small amounts of electricity for other uses, and since ash residue from some kinds of trash can be used as a soil conditioner. Even if these claims are true, the authors argument is unconvincing in three important respects.To begin with, the author fails to consider health threats posed by incinerating trash. It is possible, for example, that respiratory problems resulting from the air pollution caused by burning trash might be so extensivethat they would outweigh the health risks associated with landfills. If so, the authors conclusion that switching to incineration would be more salutary for public health would be seriously undermined.Secondly, the author assumes that discontinuinglandfill operations would abate the heath threats they now pose. However, this is not necessarily the case. It is possible that irreversible environmental damage to subterranean water supplies, for example, has alreadyourred. In this event, changing from landfills to incinerators might not avoid or abate serious public health problems.。
GMAT作文经典模板分享
要想在GMAT作文中夺取高分，只是简单背几个开头结尾句是远远不够的。
小编此与大家介绍一些GMAT作文经典模板分享，希望对大家的GMAT备考有帮助。
在有限的考试时间内，要想写出立意深刻，结构严谨的GMAT高分作文无疑是非常困难的事，但如果我们在考前能够背诵一些常见的GMAT写作模版的话，对于我们的GMAT 写作无疑会有巨大的帮助作用。
“Corporations and other businesses should try to eliminate the many ranks and salary grades that classify employees according to their experience and expertise. A ‘flat’ organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality and cooperation among employees。
” Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your views with reasons and/or examples from your own experience, observations, or reading。
The speaker here claims that a flat organizational structure is more likely to encourage collegiality among employees. I disagree with the statement. In support of my position, I would like to present following aspects that constitute to an organizational operating。
GMAT写作模板附参考范文
GMAT写作模板附参考范文没有永远的博学，只有永远的学习;没有永远的聪明，只有永远的考虑;没有永远的智者，只有永远的学者。
以下是为大家搜索的xx写作模板附参考范文，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!1.思维：逻辑尽量严密、不留gap2.语言：尽量生动、形象、详细，尽量防止使用抽象名词[NOTE]：故事最忌讳：晦涩、难懂、中立。
1)三句以内写完。
2)时间、地点、人物、事件尽量说实、说全、说细，让读者感觉不像是编的。
3)句式要求：词汇和句子一定得好，否那么不抓人。
因为你既然能以讲故事的方式开头，说明你对自己的写作程度足够自信(这是readers的预期)，假如一来全是简单句，给人真实感觉却你的写作程度太差，与读者之前的预期dismatch了!所以不好。
因此：可以是很长的复杂句、套了从句的均可。
4)内容上：A)假如程度较低(ie：不能让人通过读完好个故事就立即看到明确的方向)：就一来首先扣题(如：bill gates是一个成功的IT精英，他用其独特的观看奥运会的方式向世人展示了其成功和与众不同——开篇就告诉了这个eg的方向：且点出了“成功”与“自己的生活方式”的关系，这里没有留下gap。
)B)第二句开场：elaboration这个故事——越生动、形象、详细越好(表达在一些名词实词，比方列举等)。
"There is only one definition of suess-to be able to spend your life in your own way. "Bill gates是一个成功的IT精英，他用其独特的观看奥运会的方式向世人展示了其成功和与众不同。
他在奥运村旁边租了一个空中四合院，然后和妻子一起，看到了开幕式上五星红旗的升起、奥运火炬的传递、跳水健儿夺冠、拳击冠军带伤上场、奥运圣火的熄灭……5)目的：通过这个故事让读者琢磨出这个观点的大致方向来——所以，一定要通过一些indicator表达“这个方向”：比方一些有感**彩的indicator(因为IBT没有假设readers是白痴，所以不要将GMAT的“绝对客观”用过来，一些能反映“好坏正负”的描绘或adj都是readers能体会的，但前提是我必须写出来!不可以只列出现象!)2. answer the question：同意还是不同意。
备考资料：GMAT优秀作文
备考资料：GMAT优秀作文第1篇：备考资料：GMAT优秀作文为了方便广大考生更好的复习，综合整理了备考资料：gmat优秀作文精选，以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。
themanagementofthemegamartgrocerystoreconcludesthata ddingnewdepartmentsandservicesisthesurestwaytoincreaseprofi tsoverthenextcoupleofyears.theyareledtothisconclusionbecause ofa20percentincreaseintotalsates,realizedaftertheadditionofaph armacysectiontothegrocerystore.onthebasisofthisexperience,the yconcludedthattheconvenienceofone-stopshoppingwasthemainconcernoftheircustomers.themanage mentsargumentisfaultyinseveralrespects.inthefirstplace,themanagementassumesthattheincreaseintot alsaleswasd未完，继续阅读 >第2篇：GMAT优秀作文备考资料sampleessay2:theeditorialremendsthattheschoolboardofnovahighspendag reaterportionofavailablefundsonthepurchaseofadditionalputersa ndadoptinteractiveputerinstructionthroughoutthecurriculum.tw oreasonsareofferedinsupportofthisremendation.first,theintroduc tionofinteractiveputerinstructioninthreeacademicsubjectswasim mediatelyfollowedbyadeclineintheschooldropoutrate.second,las tyearsgraduatesexperiencedimpressiveachievementsincollege.th isargumentisunconvincingfortworeasons.tobeginwith,thisargumentisaclassicinstanceofafterthis,theref orebecauseofthisreas未完，继续阅读 >第3篇：备考资料:GMAT优秀作文thisadvertisementforhowtowriteascreenplay...concludesthat awriterismorelikelytobesuccessfulbywritingoriginalscreenplaysth anbywritingbooks.theadsreasoningisbasedontwoclaims:theavera gefilmtendstobemoreprofitablethanevenbest-sellingbooks,andfilmproducersaremorelikelytomakemoviesbase donoriginalscreenplaysthanonbooksbecauseinrecentyearsthefil msthathavesoldthemostticketshaveusuallybeenbasedonoriginals creenplays.ifindtheadunconvincing,onthreegrounds.first,themerefactthatticketsalesinrecentyearsforscreenplay-basedmovieshaveexceededthoseforbook-basedmov 未完，继续阅读 >第4篇：备考资料：GMAT优秀参考作文为了方便广大考生更好的复习，综合整理了备考资料：gmat优秀参考作文，以供各位考生考试复习参考,希望对考生复习有所帮助。
GMAT作文及参考
GMAT作文及参考GMAT作文模板及参考范文导语：下面是店铺整理的GMAT作文模板及参考范文，大家可以参考模板和范文，把有用的东西运用到考试中去，祝大家考试成功。
具体框架Justification：根据分观点的关系有如下分类一、【第一种】并列性列举：大多数人这么写如果要这么写的要求是：越往后的'分观点：越不能虚，要往实了写——因为方向一样的情况下，选择的分观点多了，就可能越往后面越没话，进而就偏虚，这样的坏处是：可能导致前后分观点存在包含关系，但是我开头的“1st，2nd”表达的含义是它们是并列的，这样就产生了logical conflict!不好。
Eg：是否同意“出国好”?1st ：出国学到一些国际化的知识2nd：出国可以积累人脉3rd：出国可以长见识——错!或：把“出国可以长见识”放在开始也不可以!因为一来就虚了，后面的“学知识”“积累社会经验”等等都可以视为包含于它的，就错了!二、【第二种】递进式层层展开——注意一个合理order：比如刚才那个不能说反了Eg："Clearly, government has a responsibility to support the arts. However, if that support is going to produce anything of value, government must place no restrictions on the art that is produced. "To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion expressed above?(1)破题：1) 同意：两句话都同意。
这两句话的关系是第一句是第二句的前提。
2) 不同意：可以weaken第一句或第二句，任意，但是usually是weaken第二句，因为第一句elaborate起来相对难一些，但是想得出来也可以。
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附录GMAT写作高分模板与针对性黄金句型◆简化结构模板(Sample template for the first paragraph)The author concludes that________,because________.The author's line of reasoning is that________.This argument is unconvincing for several reasons;it is________and it uses_________.(First Body Paragraph)First of all,________is based upon the questionable assumption________that _________,however,___________.In addition,________.(Second Body Paragraph)Secondly,the author assumes that_________.Nevertheless,__________.It seems equally reasonable to assume that__________.(Third Body Paragraph)Thirdly,_________.The author fails to consider________.For instance,________. Because the author's argument___________.(Final Paragraph)In conclusion,I agree that________.However,__________.◆详细内容模板（该模板仅供参考，考生可根据实际情况对内容进行取舍）（一）In this argument the author reaches the conclusion that....The basis for this recommendation is that....An additional reason given in support of this recommendation is that...(The author cites...as an example in support of this recommendation).At first glance,the author's argument appears to be somewhat convincing,but further reflection reveals that it omits some important concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument.In the first place,the argument has also committed a false analogy fallacy.The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects,and the author assumes without justification that all things are equal,and that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations.There is,however,no guarantee that this is the case.Nor does the author cite any evidence to support this cking this assumption,the conclusion that…is entirely unfounded.In fact,it is highly doubtful that the facts drawn from B are applicable to A.Differences between A and B clearly out weightthe similarities,thus making the analogy highly less than valid.For example, A...however,B....Thus,it is likely much more difficult for B to do...In addition,the conclusion unjustifiably relies on the poll while the validity of the survey itself is doubtful.The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who,when,how and by whom the survey is conducted, neither does it mention what is the sample size,or how the samples are selected. Until these questions are answered the results are worthless as evidence to support that….Besides,the author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. However,the author has never offered any reasons or evidences for imposing an either/or mon sense and observation tells us that adjoining both A and B might produce better results.To sum up,the conclusion lacks credibility because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the author claims.To make the argument more convincing concerning…the arguer would have to provide more information that...The arguer should also demonstrate that...to make this argument logically acceptable.（二）In this argument,the author concludes that...To support his conclusion,the authorpoints out that...In addition,the author reasons that...Further more,he also assumes that...At first glance,the author’s argument appears to be somehow appealing,while a close examination will reveal how groundless it is.We do not have to look very far to see the invalidity of this argument.This argument is problematic for the following reasons.In the first place,this argument rests on a gratuitous assumption that...The author unfairly assumes that...However,the assumption is questionable because the author provides no evidence to support this argument.The arguer fails to take into account other facts that might contribute to the result that...It is likely that...;it is also likely that...Any of these scenarios,if true,would show that...Therefore,this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.In the second place,the argument commits a logic fallacy of“after this and therefore because of this...In no case can the mere fact that…be cited as evidence to support the assumption that there is a causal-effect relationship between A and B. Moreover,that just because B can be statistically correlated with A does not necessarily mean that A is the cause of B.In fact,the author has obviously neglected the possibility of other alternative facts such as...or...may contribute to a certain extent to B.It may be only a coincidence that...Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to...this assumption in question can not be accepted.In the third place,the evidence that the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it.One example is rarely sufficient to establish a general conclusion.Unless the arguer can show that A1is representative of all A,the conclusion that B...is completely unwarranted.In fact,in face of such limited evidence,it is fallacious to draw any conclusion at all.Since the author commits the above mentioned logical mistakes and fails to consider the whole situation comprehensively,his ideas should not be adopted. The conclusion would be strengthened if he...In conclusion,the arguer fails to substantiate his claim that...Because the evidence cited in the analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer claims.To strengthen the argument,the arguer must convince us that...In addition,the arguer could have to provide more precise information to support his claim.如果时间紧急，只有一两分钟的结尾套路：1.To conclusion,the argument Is not persuasive as It stands,before we accept the claim,the arguer must provide more substantial facts to prove that…2.In summary,the conclusion reached In this argument Is Invalid and misleading, to make the argument more convincing,the arguer would have to prove that…moreover,I would suspend my judgement about the credibility of the recommendation until the arguer can provide more concrete and reliable evidence.◆针对常见逻辑错误的黄金句型1.因果关系逻辑错误●无因果关系The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification.The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B,the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However,the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.)But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out.For example,perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.●后此谬误（以事情发生时间前后来推出因果关系）This argument commits a fallacy of“post hoc,ergo propter hoc/cum hoc,ergo propter hoc”.The mere fact that A preceded/coincided with B is insufficient to establish a casual relationship between these two events.Many other reasons,such as…could just as likely account for A.The author’s failure to consider and eliminate。