现在完成时 延续性动词

（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.

I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.)

Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.)

Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱)

He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地)

（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.

①for+时段为。。。。时间

②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）

③since+时段+ago

④since+从句（过去时）

●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since 1998.

●注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词

come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in

go out----be out

finish----be over

open----be open

die----be dead

Buy---have

Fall ill---be ill

Come back---be back

Put on ---be on/wear

Worry---be worried

Catch a cold---have a cold

………………

★1.have代替buy

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

★2、用keep或have代替borrow

I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.

★3、用be替代become

How long has your sister been a teacher?

★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold

Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.

★5、用wear代替put on

b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词

1、be＋married代marry

2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill

3、be＋dead代die

4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep

5、be＋awake代wake/wake up

6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave

7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut

9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose

c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词

1“be＋on”代start,begin

2“be＋up”代get up

3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to

4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go

(arrive,reach,get) there等等

d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词

1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to

2.用be in the army 代替join the army

3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to

编辑本段

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表

：

常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：

1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.

→have been in sw./at…相应的介词

2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back

3. have come/gone out →have been out

4. have become → have been

5. have closed / opened→ have been closed/opened

6. have got up → have been up；

7. have died → have been dead；

8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.

9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；

10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；

11. havemarried → have been ma rried；

12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；

13. have begun → have been on

14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had

15. have lost → haven’t had