汉英句子翻译 Translation of Sentence
英汉翻译 句子翻译二
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
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Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.
立功的人将受到奖励。
Our roof was damaged in last night’s storm.
路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车拖走了。
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法
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The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
中国在四千年前发明了指南针。
Energy is defined as the ability to do work.
如果有人向你提出私人的问题，你尽可不答。
句子翻译（二） ——语态变换法
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3. 译为判断句
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
美国的学分制是1782年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
The science fiction has been translated into Chinese by a friend of mine.
句子翻译（二）——语态变换法 练习答案
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• 1.新学生规定要见习一个学期。 • 2.随着战争的爆发，飞行日益增加。 • 3.大部分问题已经圆满的解决了，只剩下几个次要问题需要
讨论。 • 4.这液体在室温下和盐混合了。 • 5.本来就很明显，这项计划得一笔勾销。 • 6.过了一会，达成了协议。 • 7.匆匆忙忙拟定了一个应急计划。 • 8.已经为那桩事拨了一大笔款项。 • 9.必须有一个袭击敌人所在地的计划。
Sentence translation
Unit 3 Sentence translation
1.她滥用职权给她的哥哥找工作。
2.现在超市禁止免费向消费者提供塑料袋。
3.新规定禁止吸烟。
4.他被禁止驾驶一年。
5.随着入学考试的临近，他压力很大。
6.老师强调学好英语的重要性。
7.这些年来我们的友谊逐渐加深
（strengthen）。
8.他的错误是由于粗心造成的。
9.由于粗心造成的错误可能会有严重的后
果。
10.火车预计下午4:15出发。
11.他们匆匆忙忙去赶下午4:15出发的火车。
12.欠你的钱将通过邮件以支票形式邮寄给
你。
13.很多孩子现在沉迷于网络。
14.由于沉迷于电子游戏，很对所有科目失去
了兴趣。
15.我不习惯于这么早起床。
16.他很快适应了新的生活方式。
17.我们很没有确定运动会的日期。
18.我们决定执行这个计划。
19.每次当你想要吸烟时，提醒自己是个不吸
烟的人。
20.想要再喝一杯吗？
21.他每次来看我都会给我带一个漂亮的礼
物。
22.他因为对她撒了谎而感到不好意思。
23.盗窃是可耻的行为。
24.这个对初学者来说是个很难解决的问题。
25.Tom 是和John 一样聪明的男孩。
连淑能《英译汉教程》TranslationofLongSentences（长句译法）【圣才出品】
连淑能《英译汉教程》TranslationofLongSentences（长句译法）【圣才出品】第13章Translation of Long Sentences（长句译法）13.1 复习笔记Translating long English sentences involves not only a mixed application of various techniques but also a careful analysis of their grammatical structures and logical sequences.英语长句的翻译不仅涉及复杂的翻译技巧，还要求对其句法结构和逻辑顺序进⾏细致的分析。
⼀、Features of Long English Sentences（英语长句的特点）English speakers build up long sentences in an “architectural style”. They pay more attention to construct “spatial structure”, often regardless of temporal sequences. It seems to us Chinese that they build basic structures in five patterns, namely, S + V, S + V + P, S + V + O, S + V + o + O, and S + V + O + C as mainstays, with words, phrases, or clauses as members of sentences, then join directly or indirectly, various kinds of nexuses composed of words ,phrases, or clauses as modifiers ,to the mainstays of the basic structures. Here, among other things, English inflection and function words play important roles in connecting various parts grammatically and in showing their relations logically.英语长句是按照“楼房建筑法”组织起来的：主⼲是五种句⼦结构，即主＋谓，主＋系＋表，主＋谓＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋宾，主＋谓＋宾＋补；枝叶是由词语、词组、从句等组成的各种各样的关系。
句子翻译(三)+ 肯否定转换
All that glitters is not gold.
最近我收到的邮件不太多。
I haven’t received much mail recently.
④ 汉语用“几乎不、很少”表示“半否定”
Far from: Free from: Not …because Not…more Half, nearly, possible 和 not 用在一起时 Not nearly根本不像 could not possibly用来加强语气，不能译为 “不可能”。
（4） 双重否定的使用
Too…to 不是只在见到 “太…以致于不能”才用 only too… to I am only too delighted to accept your kind
invitation.我接到你的盛情邀请太高兴了。 Not/never too… to相当于 not so …that …not…/ 而too… not to…等于so…that…cannot but Cannot…too…等于it is impossible for us to over+ 原形动词。
英语中有一类含有否定意义的词，它们形式上是肯
定的，但意义是否定的，在翻译汉语否定句时，可 直接使用，而不必再加否定助词no，not等。此类英 语词包括： 动词avoid，deny，doubt，escape，exclude，fail， ignore，keep...from，lack，miss，refuse，refrain from，remove from，neglect，overlook，save等； 名词absence，exclusion，exception，failure， ignorance，lack，neglect，refusal等；
Translation of Sentences
• 我怕得有理。I have every reason for my fear. • 此石自经锻炼之后，灵性已通，自去自来。
Now this block of stone, having undergone the melting and moldering of a goddess, passed magic powers. It could move about at will. • 你道此书从何而起？
Strategies:
use the original one re-choose the subject supply a new subject
4.1.1 When can we use the original subject in the English version?
Similarity in structure. Please pay due attention to collocation.
母亲从柜子里拿出个蓝布包，从包里掏出一枚 道光年间的铜钱来，她颤抖地把这枚古铜钱放 在一个面皮上，上面又盖了点馅，包成一个饺 子。
拿出→掏出→放在→盖→包成
TREE STRUCTURE
When her lover turned and looked at her, and his eyes met hers as she sat there paler and whiter than anyone in the vast ocean of anxious faces about her, he saw, by that power of quick perception which is given to those whose souls are one, that she knew behind which door crouched the tiger and behind which stood the lady.
Unit 4 Translation of Sentences
Unit 4 Translation of SentencesChapter 9 Translation of Simple SentencesThe two steps of sentence translation are:（Pls refer to《理论与技巧》，P.200-204）1) understand the original text：紧缩主干；区分主从；识别形态；辨识词义。
2) express ideas in the translation(the target text)：构筑译文句架；润饰词语1 Translation of various sentence membersFor examples, see Textbook, P.259-2772 Translation of negative sentences (More important!)For examples, see Textbook, P.277-283Students teach themselves Parts 1,2,3,4 and 5. Teacher will give some explanations and analyze sentence examples on Part 6 Displacement of negatives (P. 281).Additional:1. 科技英语中部分否定句的汉译在英语的否定结构中，由于习惯用法问题，其中部分否定句所表示的意思是不能按字面顺序译成汉语的，因此，翻译时要特别注意。
英语中含有全体意义的代词和副词如all every both always altogether entirely等统称为总括词。
它们用于否定结构时不是表示全部否定，而只表示其中的一部分被否定。
因此，汉译时不能译作“一切……都不”，而应译为“并非一切……都是的”，或“一切……不都是”。
Sentence Translation
5. 拿破仑顺利进入莫斯科，然而，对该市的占领成为毫 无意义的胜利。
Napoleon had a clear path to Moscow, but the occupation of the city became an empty victory.
6. 法国士兵拖着脚步行进，一路上留下无数死尸。 The French soldiers dragged on, leaving the dead along every mile.
Sentence Translation 1. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. 他知道俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗，并为此 做好了准备。 2. As the Russian army was gathering its strength, the French had to flee Russia to avoid certain defeat. 正当俄罗斯军队集聚兵力之时，法国人却不得不逃离 俄国，以避免注定的失败。
7.与此同时，德军一系列重大失误使他们被打得措手不及。 Meanwhile, critical errors by the German side allowed them to be taken completely by surprise. 8. 不到一年，希特勒自吹能延续千年的帝国便崩溃了。 Within a year Hitler’s empire, which he had boasted would last a thousand yearuotations 1. An army marches on its stomach. 兵马未动，粮草先行。 2. He that forecasts all perils will never sail the sea. 担惊受怕者航不了海。/ 懦者事之贼。 3. Either by might or by sleight. 不动武，就斗智。
unit 04 Sentence Translation1
4.1.2 A ST segment → TT subject 用来替换原文主语的，可以是句中其他成分，也可以 是句外的词语。
p.127 (12) 鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨， 这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。 Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy* or obsequiousness*; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples. * Lu Hsun‟s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples.
Chinese-English Translation
Translation of Sentence
Outline
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
Subject Predicate Subject-predicate Agreement Word order Translation of Negative Sentences Recreation of Sentence Function
蔡基刚：《英汉汉英段落翻译与实践》复旦大学出版社，2001：175
例句： 今天吃食堂（不在家里吃）。 他家起火了。 他的英语说的很好。
Syntactic features of Chinese
Translation of long sentences 长句翻译技巧 ppt课件
were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue
eyes had acquired a certain fullness.
如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的，花儿般的魅力， 也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁，苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色— 二十六年前这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特 --- 那么在四十三岁 的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳，而灰蓝的 眼睛也已经有点儿沧桑了。
the apple-blossom colouring which had so
swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six
years ago, she was still at forty-three, a
comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks
PPT课件
2
+ 将原句中某一个或几个词从句中抽出，译成 中文之后置于句首或句尾。这些词可以是副 词、过去分词、或一句话。
+ This is a NATO matter and any comment on it should appropriately come from NATO.
+ 这是北约组织的问题，关于这个问题的任何
+ No one will deny that /what we have been able to do in the past five years is especially striking /in view of the crisis which we inherited from the previous government.
初中英语互译真题答案解析
初中英语互译真题答案解析互译是学习外语的重要环节之一，它帮助学生更好地理解和运用英语语言。
在初中阶段，学生们经常会接触到一些互译练习题。
在这篇文章中，我们将会对一些初中英语互译真题进行答案解析，帮助学生们更好地掌握这一技巧。
第一题：翻译句子“我在写一份日记。
”正确答案解析：The correct translation of the sentence is "I am writing a diary." 这句话中，关键词"write"需要变为现在进行时形式"writing"，同时"diary"翻译为"日记"。
第二题：翻译句子“你家离学校有多远？”正确答案解析：The correct translation of the sentence is "How far is your house from school?" 这句话中，关键词"离"需要翻译为"from"，而"有多远"则应翻译为"How far"。
第三题：翻译句子“他在做作业。
”正确答案解析：The correct translation of the sentence is "He is doing his homework." 在这个句子中，"作业"翻译为"homework"，而"做"则需要翻译为"doing"。
第四题：翻译句子“My father likes playing basketball.”正确答案解析：The correct translation of the sentence is "我爸爸喜欢打篮球。
" 在这个句子中，"playing basketball"翻译为"打篮球"，而"likes"需要改为"喜欢"来符合中文的表达习惯。
英汉翻译 句子翻译三
句子翻译（三）常见句型的翻译——定语从句的翻译
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I、译成前置定语
一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些 定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限制性质，但本身较短，和被 修饰语的关系紧密，也可译成前置定语。 1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them.
Translation of Sentences III
句子翻译（三）---常见句型翻译
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常见句型的翻译:
定语从句的翻译
状语从句的翻译 名词性从句的翻译
长句的翻译
句子翻译（三） 常见句型的翻译——定语从句的翻译
定语从句的译法
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Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attribute clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such as purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-position attributive and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses.
连淑能《英译汉教程》Translation of Long Sentences(长句译法)【圣才出品】
存在并列成分，如并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语、并列定语、并列状语等。 2. Phrases or clauses used as modifiers: prepositional phrases, participial phrases, infinitival phrases, attributive clauses, and adverbial clauses, etc. 短语或从句作修饰语，如介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、定语从句、状语从句等。 3. Phrases or clauses used as members of the sentence: prepositional phrases, participial phrases, infinitival phrases, gerundial phrases, verbal phrases, subject clauses, object clauses, and predicative clauses, etc. 短语或从句作主干成分，如介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句等。 4. supplementary elements: appositives, parentheses, independent elements, and absolute constructions, etc. 存在附加成分，如同位语、插入语、独立结构等。
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
汉英句子翻译 Translation of Sentence
[例3] 她竟然在那么短的时间内做了那么多的事，他们 感到很惊讶。 [译文] They were amazed that she should have done so much in so short a time.
[例5] 十多年前，机关给我安了部电话。 [译文] Ten-odd years ago, the institution where I worked had a telephone installed in my home.
l Numeral Subj （数词主语）： “八八”是个吉利数字。( “88” is a lucky number.) l Phrase Subj （词组主语）： 你不管就是你的不对了。(It’s your fault not to take care of it.)
b)
不限于施事或受事
1).Agentive Subj （施事主语）： 我很讨厌长篇发言。( I hate long speech.) 2). Recipient Subj （受事主语）： 五个汉堡包够吃吗？（Five hamburgers -- is it enough?）
2.1 The employment of the original subject (直接用原文的主语）
1)
如果不适当地处理，锅炉及机 动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市 空气污染。
2)
如果说，词汇是语言的 “建筑材料”，那么，句子便 是文章的“基本 For the original subject
2.2
Establishment of the subject (主语的确立) 主语的确立：英语主语的严格性， 只能由名词（或）代词担当，例如 We can solve the problem. This problem can be solved in many ways.）
translation of sentences
2.这消息对我来说很震惊.
The bicycle is a popular means of transportation.
(a shock)
The news was a shock to/for me.
3在我回家的路上，我和妈妈共伞。 （share sth with sb）
On arriving in Hang Zhou, we visited many places of interest.
7沉浸在读这本书,没有注意到我.(be lost in doing)
John was lost in reading the book and paid no attention to me.
Work hard, and you will reach your goal.
7. 昨天在回家路上发生一起交通事故。
Yesterday on the way home a traffic accident happened. Yesterday on the way home there was a traffic accident .
3 他很难相处。(get along/on with)
He is difficult to get along with. It is difficult to get along with him.
4 祝贺你成功。
Congratulations on your success.
4. 70% 的地球表面被水覆盖.(be covered by)
4. 在我回家的路上，我和妈妈共伞。 （share sth with sb）
On my way home I shared an umbrella with my mother .
句子的翻译 Translation of sentence
Subjects in Chinese
汉语主语特征: 1) 汉语中主语并非必要成分，在大量的句子中没有主语， 可能是省略，隐含或者说不出．在说不出主语时，也没有 像英语中那样用一个形式主语来代替． ２）汉语由于缺乏形态变化，主谓语的构架靠意合，没有 形态形式上的一致关系，特别是当谓语中没有动词时，主 谓结构主要靠语义和语序标示． ３）由于没有主谓一致关系，就不可能形成以谓语动词为 核心的主谓主轴．因此汉语句中的主语伸缩性很大，可能 没有主语，也可能有多个看似平行，实质不在一个层次的 主语（或称大主语和小主语）如：这座桥我们造了三年．
2英语的主语只有名词或名词性的词语才能担当而汉语的主语除了名词以外动词形容词副词介词短语主谓结构小句都能作主语这就使得翻译时产生一个转换的问题
Lecture 8 Translation of Sentence
The Comparison and Translation of Subjects in C & E
主语的增补（汉语无主句的翻译）
4)打得赢就打，打不赢就走。 Fight when you can win , move away when you cannot. 5) 前世姻缘由天定，不顺天意活不成。 Marriages are predestined by heaven, whoever disobeys the will of heaven shall bring about his own destruction. 6) 不经一事，不长一智． You can’t gain knowledge without practice. (Wisdom comes from experience.) 7) 入乡随俗． Do as the local people do. (Do as the Romans do) 8) 三思而后行． Look before you leap.
translation of sentences句子翻译
12
aoslix@
5 inserting（插入法）
Inserting here means putting some additional punctuation marks such as dash, parenthesis, colon, etc., in a long and complex sentence so as to make the Chinese version both clear and smooth.
e.g.1: An outsider’s success could even curiously help two parties to get the agreement they want.
说来奇怪，一个局外人取得的成功竟然能够促使双方达 成一项他们希望取得的协议。
e.g.2: He also concluded that insight into prehistoric cultures should ideally proceed from knowledge of living cultures.
许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取白领工人的社 会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。
e.g.3: The main objection to vegetarianism on a long-term basis is the difficulty of getting enough protein, the body-building element in food.
I don’t share my friend’s love of sports. 我的朋友酷爱体育，而我却没有这方面的爱好。
Translating of Sentences IV “是”字句的翻译 “把”字结构的翻译
（4）表示“存在”
特征：时间、地点作主语时，表示某个处所存在某种事
物。 翻译：根据上下文灵活处理。 桌上是书，椅上是书，地上还是书。 There were books everywhere—on the table, the chairs and even the ground. 满屋是烟，连他衣服上都是烟味。 The room was full of smoke, even his clothes smelled of smoke. 一千五百米跑下来，他满身是汗。 After a thousand-and-five-hundred-meter run, he was sweating all over.
他
我的同学。 判断宾语
（1）表示“等同”关系
2、含义丰富、表达力强的“是”字 句。
特征：“是”字句前后的成分等值；主宾可逆。
翻译：基本上与be对应，以系表结构处理。
杜甫的祖父是杜审言。 Du fu’s grandfather was DU Shen-yan. 一天是二十四小时。 A day is a cycle of 24 hours. 广州是广东省的省会， 是华南地区工业、金融、商业、
翻译（2）：V + O + prep. Ph. 由于武汉的地理位置优势，它把周围地区紧密地联
系起来了。 Because of its favorable geographical position, Wuhan connects itself closely with its surrounding areas. 为了实现长远发展的战略目标，武汉市政府把科技 放在首要位置，以提高科技水平，加强经济实力。 To fulfill the long-range strategic goal in its development, Wuhan municipal government puts science and technology in the first place in order to raise the scientific level and strengthen the economic power.
句子翻译参考
句子的翻译增译法1、增加动词1) Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.√读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。
2) We don’t regret, we never have and never will.我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。
3) After the basketball, he still has an important conference.看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。
2. 增加形容词或副词1) With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！2) The crowds melted away.人群渐渐散开了。
3) As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。
4) She lingered long over his letter.她反反复复地回味着他的来信。
5) In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractor together.在那时候的电影里，总是老一套：男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇，继而相爱，终而并肩开拖拉机了。
3. 增加名词1) First you borrow, then you beg.头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。
2) Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer.玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。
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§1.
Contrast between Chinese and English in Syntax and Corresponding Translation Approaches (第一节：汉英句法特征对比及 翻译对策)
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1. Hypotaxis & Parataxis
2. Being Abstract & Being Concrete 3.Impersonal subject& personal subject 4.Stative&Dynamic 5.Subject&Topic
l Numeral Subj （数词主语）： “八八”是个吉利数字。( “88” is a lucky number.) l Phrase Subj （词组主语）： 你不管就是你的不对了。(It’s your fault not to take care of it.)
b)
不限于施事或受事
1).Agentive Subj （施事主语）： 我很讨厌长篇发言。( I hate long speech.) 2). Recipient Subj （受事主语）： 五个汉堡包够吃吗？（Five hamburgers -- is it enough?）
§2.
Approaches to Dealing with the Main Sentence Elements in C-E Translation （第二节:汉译英中句子主要 成分的处理方法）
2.1.Subject in Chinese and English (汉英中 的主语） (1) Chinese: multi-language unit English: language unit with nominal property 刘宓庆:《当代翻译理论》: “汉语的主语不限 于名词性，不限于施事与受事，不限于与句 中动词具有形式的、逻辑的关系，不限于一 个，也并不是不可或缺的成分。”
Translation of Sentence
Sentence is the basic unit of a language in which people communicate with each other in the social activities. Translation Unit: sentence (the most frequently used)
a)
不限于名词
l Nominal Subj （名词主语）： 电很有用。( Electricity is useful.) l Adjectival Subj （形容词主语）： 过 谦 并 不 好 。 ( It’s not good being too modest.) l Verb Subj （动词主语）： 学习是第一步。( The first step is to learn.)
2.2
Establishment of the subject (主语的确立) 主语的确立：英语主语的严格性， 只能由名词（或）代词担当，例如 We can solve the problem. This problem can be solved in many ways.）
(3) English: noun indicating time or place as subject ( see, find, witness --- predicate ) [例1] 在南京城发生过许多重大的历史事件。 [ 例 2] 中国在 1980 年成功地发射了第一颗洲际 导弹。 [例3] 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。
(2) Chinese: “人称主语”( personal subject) 主动语态 (active voice) 无主句 (zero-subject)
English: “非人称主语”( non- personal subject) 被动语态 (passive voice) 主语不可或缺 (subject --- indispensable)
3)Topic Subj （表时间的话题主语）： 明天再谈吧。（ Let us talk about it tomorrow.） 4) Place Subj （表处所的话题主语）： 河 畔 草 青 青 。 ( Green grass grows along the riverbanks.) 5)Instrument Subj （表工具的话题主语）： 保鲜膜有时也并不保鲜。( Film wrap sometimes can’t keep food fresh.)
Examples:
1)家里的事情，你不用管，你干你的正经事去 2)这个人，我听说过。 3)饭，他一口没吃。 4)鸡我吃了 5)淮河我们一定要修好
“主谓句”与“话题句”之间的转换
[例1] 一口水，他都不喝。 [译文 ] He didn’t take even a mouthful of water.
[例2]这以后的路，卢勇走得特别快。天黑的 时候，他追上了后卫部队，《朝花夕拾 中国 文学 现代小说卷》 [译文] Lu finished the rest of the journey quickly. He caught up with the rear-guard before the dark.
English: 主语显著 ( subject-prominent ) Chinese:主题显著 ( topic- prominent ) E: SVC, SV, SVO, SVO1O2, SVOC “主语——谓语” C: “话题——说明” 主题 ( topic ) 与述题 ( comment )
或具有名词语法功能的语言单位（如动
词不定式、动名词、名词性从句>一般 指主语从句等）来充当。例如： To solve this problem needs patience. Working ingeniously may help you learn English well. It is not known yet whether they will return today.）