文献综述范例(教学法)

文献综述（含开题报告）撰写要求1. 开题报告（含“文献综述”）作为毕业设计（论文）答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的依据材料之一。

此报告应在指导教师指导下，由学生在毕业论文工作前期完成，经指导教师签署意见及所在专业审查后生效。

2. 开题报告必须按学校或者学院统一设计的电子文档打印，具体内容用Times New Roman或宋体五号字打印。

3. 日期填写应当按照国标GB/T 7408—94《数据元和交换格式、信息交换、日期和时间表示法》规定的要求，一律用阿拉伯数字书写，如“2011年1月18日”或“2011-01-18”。

4.“指导教师意见”是指辅导教师对文献综述的评价（如所收集的资料与论文内容有无关联性和对应性；资料是否新颖和代表前沿性；学生对资料的消化、归纳、评价、驾驭和运用能力等）以及根据学生掌握资料的深度和广度、工作量和研究方法预测论文能否完成的意见。

5. 开题报告的长度视个人情况而定，但文献综述要求在1000单词以上。

The Literature Review ofthe situation setting and adaption of modern means in English teachingMore and more efforts have been made to enhance language abilities of college students than ever before since China joined the WTO. Language is the means for exchanging ideas between peoples. To improve spoken English of college students and find the new methods to teach are urgent tasks right now.This article discusses the strategies about teaching Chinese college students to learn spoken English through English movies and suggests a practical way that actually widens students’ communicative abilities.1. Viewing the Western MoviesStarting with providing some excerpts from the classical movies, this book gives us a detailed description of the process of teaching spoken English by films: 1) Cultural notes: providing the background and the music in the film. 2) Before viewing: asking some questions, to make students have an idea about this film. Before class, students must find some information about this film by themselves. 3) Viewing: after the watching, to ask students to analyze some classical sentences or parts of the film.4) Role-play: choosing the most wonderful part of the film, to ask students to imitate.5) Post-viewing: to ask students to think the topic and make a contract with the reality. Specifically, this book links the relationship among the various skills of learning, such as reading, listening, and writing. Each film in this book has its own features, emotions, and meanings.2. The Positive Impact of Original English Movies on Oral EnglishIn this article, the author first analyzes the English status of Chinese students and emphasize that the lack of English environment is one of the difficulties in oral English for the Chinese English learners. Then the author presents that watching original English movies will have compensation to the learners for the lack of the environment. In the following, the author takes the American popular situational comedy Friends as an example, to expound how the films to help people learn oral English. This article interprets the positive parts: the first one is the pronunciation of the film, the second is the sentences and the vocabulary of the film, the third is the content and the theme of the film and the last one is the culture and the thought of the film.3. Imitating English Speaking Through English MoviesIt is widely accepted that imitating English speaking as an F/S language through movies achieves a better effect than through tapes. The author considers that the imitation is the basic way of learning oral English. This article shows that imitating movies achieves the same acoustic quality as through tapes. This proves that psychological factors play roles in achieving good imitating quality through English movies, proved by many experts such as Wilder Penfield, etc. Then the author makes a research of the situation: when foreigners communicating with Chinese people, whospeak English, usually they cannot understand what their partners say. In the article, the author also distinguishes the imitation between movies and tapes.4. Several Key Problems in College Oral English TeachingThe author considers that in the college English teaching, the part of oral English teaching has not been paid much attention. This situation must change. We should realize the contacts among the oral English courses and other interrelated classes and they cannot be taken the place of each other. The teaching mode should have its core of the students. Teachers should try their best to arouse the interest and desire of students. To improve oral English, the precondition is the contacts between the train of English thought and oral English, and the basic way is to emphasize the connections between listening and speaking.5. Original English Movies and English TeachingIn this article, the author emphasizes and introduces the features, and the advantages of movies: Firstly, the movies are more interesting than the books, tapes, and other materials, because a movie has a full scenario, and at the same time it contains the social activities. Secondly, proved by the film When Harry Met Sally, the language in movies is more true, vivid and brief. The language in the movies is the real and the essence word in the life. Lastly, there are vivid menus in the movies, which can supply the real language environment for the learners. Then the author states the principle of choosing the films----from easy to hard, and mentions how we should do in oral English courses by watching films and what we can gain from them.6.The Present Situation of Oral English Classroom Instruction for English MajorsIn the light of years of spoken English teaching and tests, English-Major students’English speaking competence fails to meet the requirements of the University Teaching Guidelines for English Majors. This paper has made an attempt to explore how to enhance English Majors’ English speaking competence. Teachers should meet the students’needs and create a positive classroom atmosphere. Emphasis must be placed on teacher’s role, students’self –access learning, communicative training, as well as cultural teaching. The author divides the teachinginto four links: teachers in the oral English courses, the students, the materials and the way of teaching. And the author also makes a lot of suggestions to improve the affections of the courses.7.Oral English Teaching and Students’ Communicative Competence TrainingThe author states the relationships between oral English teaching and training students’communicative competence. At the beginning, the author introduces the definition of the communicative competence. He also points out the aim of oral English teaching –to develop students’ability to communicate with foreigners, including the ability to speak and listen, the ability to master and use the language, the ability to think in an English cultural way. The author emphasizes that the oral English courses should serve as the students’communicative competence. Teachers should make full use of every link to improve students’communicative competence. They should not only choose the teaching context and the teaching way, but also consider the different roles the teachers and students play.8. Oral English Teaching Reform through English MoviesFrom three points of view, the author analyzes the situation and think of teaching through English movies: First, the view from teacher: many teachers do not pay enough attention to this kind of teaching. Secondly, the view from student: when watching films, students just consider it as a relax ion. They may give up, or just look the screen. Thirdly, the view from film itself: the speed of people’s talking may be too fast. And the slang and idioms used in the films are not easy for students to understand, even for the teachers. So in the following, the author suggests three ways: The first, this part contains the preparation of choosing the films, the principles --from easy to hard; the artistry and civilization; students’interest and hobby, the explanation of the films. The second, the way of watching: full watching, just watching a part, watching repeatedly and speculating with a pause.9. The Features and Cultural Meanings of Classical Dialogues in English FilmsThe actor lines are one of the most important parts of movies. At the beginning, the author mentions that the classical English lines have topical features, such as brief, easy to understand, vivid, and humor etc., taking the film The Wizard of OZ, TheAdventures of Robin Hood, The Lion in Winter etc. as examples. In the second part, the author shifts his core to the cultural meanings in the films. He also uses different films to explain his opinion, the meanings of Brave Heart is protecting freedom, of Forrest Gump is living in happy life, of Saving Private Ryan is treasuring one’s life. 10. The Most Effective Way to Learn Oral EnglishThis book is very classical among the books, which students use as the material for oral English. First, the book has a lot of dialogues, which may have something in common with our daily life. Secondly, the book has translated the context from English to Chinese, so that the editors think it is easy for the learners to understand. Thirdly, after the class, there is a lot of work for the learners, so they can go over what they have learned. The theme of this context is concerned about the common in the life, such as openings and closings, making a phone call, introductions and invitations, apologizing, getting information and so on.参考文献不应少于10条，参考文献应按英文26个字母的顺序排列，先列外文文献后列中文文献，中文用宋体小四，外文用Times New Roman小四。