Unit 9 翻译中的文化意识
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Intercultural Awareness in Translation
Relations between language and culture
� �
翻译中的——
�
文化意识
Culture: “the total way of life of people. ” Language is part of culture. It cannot be equated with culture ． Language is the carrier and container of culture and it also exerts its influence on culture.
�
go to glory（heaven） ---升天 pay one‘s debt to nature ---返回自然 go west（go to the Western paradise）---上西天
Some Experience of Life
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Unity is strength. 团结就是力量。 As a man sows, he shall reap. 种瓜得 瓜，种豆得豆。 Forbidden fruit is sweet ． 禁果分外甜。 Blood is thicker than water 血浓于水。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 Lies have short legs. 谎言总是站不住脚的。
Cultural Disparities
Disparities in Historical Culture � Disparities in Geographical Culture � Disparities in Traditional Modes of Thinking
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� � � � � � � � � � �
�
Influenced more or less by Chinese Buddhism and Taoism ， some people are disillusioned with the human world ，hence the prevailing saying in Chinese 赤条条来去无牵挂（《红楼 梦》第22回）． As its counterpart ，there is such a statement in the New Testament of the Bible ，For we brought nothing into this world ，and it is certain we can carry nothing out ．（因为我们 没有带任何东西到这个世上来，也当然要空手 离开这个世界。）
百度文库
Cultural Connotations of the Idiomatic Phrases and Their Translation
�
习语的英译汉翻译有三种方法： 直译法、汉语同义习语套用法和 意译法.
� �
However，their proper use or translation is often a mark of one's command of English. It is worthwhile to make effort to learn how to translate them. There are a great number of idiomatic phrases in both English and Chinese ，which are a very strong nature of culture，the essence of a certain language ，and the crystallization of long and practical use of the language ．Generally speaking ，they are characterized with the qualities of vividness ， harmony ，rhythm，shortness ，easy-to-remember ， and simplicity.
�
a jolly dog快活的人a lucky dog幸运儿 a water dog 水性好的人as faithful as a dog 像狗一样忠实 cat and dog life 经常吵闹的生活 top dog重要人物，有权势的人 dress up like a dog's dinner 穿着极其讲究 Every dog has its day. 人皆有得意之日／瓦片也有翻身时。 Give a dog a bad name. 欲加之罪，何患无辞。 Help a lame dog over a stile. 助人于危难之中。 Love me，love my dog.爱屋及乌（爱我就爱我的狗）。 You can't teach an old dog new tricks. 习性难改。 While in China ，a dog is sometimes thought to be something unpleasant and disliked ．It is very pejorative in meaning in Chinese ．This can be readily illustrated by the Chinese words and idiomatic expressions ： 走狗，癞皮狗，丧家狗，狗奴才，狗腿子，狗仗人势，狐朋狗 友，挂羊头卖狗肉，狗改不了吃屎，狗嘴里吐不出象牙……
co be cu cu
�
m p a r is o n t w e e n SL lt u re a n d T L lt u re
Cultural Universals
� �
B il in g u a l c o m p e t e n c e h a s a lw a y s be e n re ga rd e d a s a n e s s e n t ia l r e q u ir e m e n t fo r t ra n sla t o rs, bu t fo r t ru ly su c c e ssfu l t r a n s l a t in g , p e o p l e h a v e c o m e t o r e a l iz e t h a t b ic u l t u r a l is m is e v e n m o r e im p o r t a n t t h a n b il in g u a l is m , s in c e w o rd s o n ly h a v e m e a n in g s in t e r m s o f t h e c u l t u r e s in w h ic h t h e y f u n c t io n . In t h is s e n s e , it is a d v is a b l e f o r u s t o m a k e a c o m p a r is o n be t w e e n SL c u lt u re a n d T L c u lt u re . T h e re a re a t l e a s t t w o m a j o r k in d s o f o b j e c t iv e s in c r o s s The of c u lUnderstanding tu ra l co m pa r isNature o n : t h e e s t a b l is h m e n t o f � u Asn is often case ，s heaven as sth. iv ethe rs a l a n or d 天tishregarded e dominating and social members e x p l a everything n a t ioon n earth o f in both cultures are filled with awe and veneration for d is p a r it ie s . it. For example ：
� � � � � �
Cultural Universals give one's heart to ——倾心 set one's heart at ease ——放心 lose heart ——灰心 break one's heart ——伤心 kind-hearted ——善 心的 black-hearted ——黑心的 hard-hearted ——狠心的 from the bottom of one's heart ——从心底里
一、直译法 所谓直译法，是指在不违背译文语言规范以及 不引起错误联想的前提下，在译文中保留英语 习语的比喻、形象、和民族色彩的翻译方法。 有时尽管英语习语的比喻、形象对汉语读者比 较生疏，但由于它在一定的上下文中具有强烈 的政治意义，或有明显的西方民族、地方、历 史、宗教等色彩，所以也应采用保留原文表达 方式的直译法。把西方习语移植到汉语中来， 可以丰富汉语语言。
Cultural Connotations of the Idiomatic Phrases and Their Translation
�
E n g l is h id io m a t ic p h r a s e s ，in c l u d in g s e t p h r a s e s （成语），p r o v e r b s （谚语），s a y in g s （格言）， c o l l o q u ia l is m s （俗语）， a l l u s io n s （典故），a n d s l a n g （俚语），a r e a n im p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h e E n g l is h l a n g u a g e a n d E n g l is h c u l t u r e ．T o l e a r n e r s o f E n g l is h a s a f o r e ig n l a n g u a g e t h e y a re o fte n h a rd to u n d e rst a n d a n d h a rd e r t o u se o r t ra n sla t e c o rre c t ly be c a u se t h e y a r e l a n g u a g e it e m s r ic h in c u l t u r e ．T o l e a r n t h e m m e a n s t o le a rn n o t o n ly w o rd s a n d
Some Religious Views on Human Life
�
Heaven has eyes （there is divine justice after all) ． 老天有眼。 Heaven's vengeance is slow but sure. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 Heaven helps those who help themselves. 老天不负苦心人。
Some Euphemisms for "Die"
Some Vehicles of Figures of Speech
as dark as night--- 漆黑如夜 � as light as a feather--- 轻如鸿毛 � as cowardly as a rat--- 胆小如鼠 � as proud as a peacock � ---像孔雀一样骄傲
Relations between language and culture
� �
翻译中的——
�
文化意识
Culture: “the total way of life of people. ” Language is part of culture. It cannot be equated with culture ． Language is the carrier and container of culture and it also exerts its influence on culture.
�
go to glory（heaven） ---升天 pay one‘s debt to nature ---返回自然 go west（go to the Western paradise）---上西天
Some Experience of Life
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Unity is strength. 团结就是力量。 As a man sows, he shall reap. 种瓜得 瓜，种豆得豆。 Forbidden fruit is sweet ． 禁果分外甜。 Blood is thicker than water 血浓于水。 Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。 Lies have short legs. 谎言总是站不住脚的。
Cultural Disparities
Disparities in Historical Culture � Disparities in Geographical Culture � Disparities in Traditional Modes of Thinking
�
� � � � � � � � � � �
�
Influenced more or less by Chinese Buddhism and Taoism ， some people are disillusioned with the human world ，hence the prevailing saying in Chinese 赤条条来去无牵挂（《红楼 梦》第22回）． As its counterpart ，there is such a statement in the New Testament of the Bible ，For we brought nothing into this world ，and it is certain we can carry nothing out ．（因为我们 没有带任何东西到这个世上来，也当然要空手 离开这个世界。）
百度文库
Cultural Connotations of the Idiomatic Phrases and Their Translation
�
习语的英译汉翻译有三种方法： 直译法、汉语同义习语套用法和 意译法.
� �
However，their proper use or translation is often a mark of one's command of English. It is worthwhile to make effort to learn how to translate them. There are a great number of idiomatic phrases in both English and Chinese ，which are a very strong nature of culture，the essence of a certain language ，and the crystallization of long and practical use of the language ．Generally speaking ，they are characterized with the qualities of vividness ， harmony ，rhythm，shortness ，easy-to-remember ， and simplicity.
�
a jolly dog快活的人a lucky dog幸运儿 a water dog 水性好的人as faithful as a dog 像狗一样忠实 cat and dog life 经常吵闹的生活 top dog重要人物，有权势的人 dress up like a dog's dinner 穿着极其讲究 Every dog has its day. 人皆有得意之日／瓦片也有翻身时。 Give a dog a bad name. 欲加之罪，何患无辞。 Help a lame dog over a stile. 助人于危难之中。 Love me，love my dog.爱屋及乌（爱我就爱我的狗）。 You can't teach an old dog new tricks. 习性难改。 While in China ，a dog is sometimes thought to be something unpleasant and disliked ．It is very pejorative in meaning in Chinese ．This can be readily illustrated by the Chinese words and idiomatic expressions ： 走狗，癞皮狗，丧家狗，狗奴才，狗腿子，狗仗人势，狐朋狗 友，挂羊头卖狗肉，狗改不了吃屎，狗嘴里吐不出象牙……
co be cu cu
�
m p a r is o n t w e e n SL lt u re a n d T L lt u re
Cultural Universals
� �
B il in g u a l c o m p e t e n c e h a s a lw a y s be e n re ga rd e d a s a n e s s e n t ia l r e q u ir e m e n t fo r t ra n sla t o rs, bu t fo r t ru ly su c c e ssfu l t r a n s l a t in g , p e o p l e h a v e c o m e t o r e a l iz e t h a t b ic u l t u r a l is m is e v e n m o r e im p o r t a n t t h a n b il in g u a l is m , s in c e w o rd s o n ly h a v e m e a n in g s in t e r m s o f t h e c u l t u r e s in w h ic h t h e y f u n c t io n . In t h is s e n s e , it is a d v is a b l e f o r u s t o m a k e a c o m p a r is o n be t w e e n SL c u lt u re a n d T L c u lt u re . T h e re a re a t l e a s t t w o m a j o r k in d s o f o b j e c t iv e s in c r o s s The of c u lUnderstanding tu ra l co m pa r isNature o n : t h e e s t a b l is h m e n t o f � u Asn is often case ，s heaven as sth. iv ethe rs a l a n or d 天tishregarded e dominating and social members e x p l a everything n a t ioon n earth o f in both cultures are filled with awe and veneration for d is p a r it ie s . it. For example ：
� � � � � �
Cultural Universals give one's heart to ——倾心 set one's heart at ease ——放心 lose heart ——灰心 break one's heart ——伤心 kind-hearted ——善 心的 black-hearted ——黑心的 hard-hearted ——狠心的 from the bottom of one's heart ——从心底里
一、直译法 所谓直译法，是指在不违背译文语言规范以及 不引起错误联想的前提下，在译文中保留英语 习语的比喻、形象、和民族色彩的翻译方法。 有时尽管英语习语的比喻、形象对汉语读者比 较生疏，但由于它在一定的上下文中具有强烈 的政治意义，或有明显的西方民族、地方、历 史、宗教等色彩，所以也应采用保留原文表达 方式的直译法。把西方习语移植到汉语中来， 可以丰富汉语语言。
Cultural Connotations of the Idiomatic Phrases and Their Translation
�
E n g l is h id io m a t ic p h r a s e s ，in c l u d in g s e t p h r a s e s （成语），p r o v e r b s （谚语），s a y in g s （格言）， c o l l o q u ia l is m s （俗语）， a l l u s io n s （典故），a n d s l a n g （俚语），a r e a n im p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h e E n g l is h l a n g u a g e a n d E n g l is h c u l t u r e ．T o l e a r n e r s o f E n g l is h a s a f o r e ig n l a n g u a g e t h e y a re o fte n h a rd to u n d e rst a n d a n d h a rd e r t o u se o r t ra n sla t e c o rre c t ly be c a u se t h e y a r e l a n g u a g e it e m s r ic h in c u l t u r e ．T o l e a r n t h e m m e a n s t o le a rn n o t o n ly w o rd s a n d
Some Religious Views on Human Life
�
Heaven has eyes （there is divine justice after all) ． 老天有眼。 Heaven's vengeance is slow but sure. 天网恢恢，疏而不漏。 Heaven helps those who help themselves. 老天不负苦心人。
Some Euphemisms for "Die"
Some Vehicles of Figures of Speech
as dark as night--- 漆黑如夜 � as light as a feather--- 轻如鸿毛 � as cowardly as a rat--- 胆小如鼠 � as proud as a peacock � ---像孔雀一样骄傲