内科学考试大纲--专业英语
内科学专业英语词汇
Respiratory systemabdominal breathing 腹式呼吸abscess 脓肿acetylcysteine 乙酰半胱氨酸，痰易净（用作各种支气管与肺部疾病的辅药）acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acidosis 酸中毒acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管--支气管炎acute cor pulmonale 急性肺源性心脏病acute lung injury, ALI 急性肺损伤acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染adenosine deaminase, ADA 腺苷脱氨酶adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenopharyngitis 咽扁桃体炎adult respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 成人呼吸窘迫综合症aerobe 需氧菌aerodermectasia 皮下气肿aeroporotomy 呼吸道通气术（如用插管法或气管切开术）afebrile 无热（度）的，无发热病的β2-receptor agonist β2受体激动剂airway hyperresponsiveness, AHR 气道高反应性airway obstruction 气道阻塞airway remodeling 气道重塑alkalemia 碱血症alkalosis 碱中毒allergic airway inflammation, AAI 变态反应性气道炎症allergic bronchial-pulmonary aspergillosis, ABPA 变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病allergic granulomatosis 过敏性肉芽肿病allergy 变态反应性；变态反应，过敏反应alveolus ( [pl.]alveoli ) 肺泡amantadine 金刚烷胺(抗病毒药)ambroxol 盐酸氨溴索（化痰药）aminophylline 氨茶碱（用于舒张支气管平滑肌，平喘及利尿）amphoric breath sound 空瓮性呼吸音ampicillin 氨卡青霉素amygdala 扁桃体amygdalitis 扁桃体炎anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerosis 呼吸间断(尤指新生儿) anaphylaxis 过敏性，过敏反应，过敏症anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anectasis 先天性扩张不全,原发性肺不张angina 咽峡炎，咽痛；绞痛anion gap, AG 阴离子间隙anoxia 缺氧（症）antasthmatic 止喘的，镇喘的、止喘药，镇喘药anthracosis 炭末沉着病，炭肺antibechic 镇咳的，镇咳药antibiotic 抗菌的，抗生的、抗菌素，抗生素anticancer 抗癌的anticarcinogen 抗癌药anticholinergic 抗胆碱能的、抗胆碱能药(副交感神经阻滞药)antiemetic 消水肿的，消水肿药antifebrile 解热的、解热药antifungal 抗真菌的、杀真菌药antigen-antibody reaction 抗原抗体反应antihemorrhagic 抗出血的，抗出血药物anti-infectious 抗感染的anti-infective 抗感染的，抗感染药anti-inflammatory 抗炎的，消炎的，消炎药antimycobacterial 抗分支杆菌的antineoplastic 抗肿瘤的、抗肿瘤药antiphthisic 抗痨的，抗结核的antipneumococcic 抗肺炎球菌的antispasmodic 镇痉的、镇痉药，解痉药antistaphylococcic 抗葡萄球菌的α1-antitrypsin, α1-AT α1-抗胰蛋白酶antituberculin 抗结核菌素antituberculotic 抗结核的、抗结核药antitussive 镇咳的、镇咳药apnea 呼吸暂停、窒息apneumatosis 肺无气，先天性肺不张apneumia 无肺(畸形)artificial respiration 人工呼吸asbestosis 石棉肺，石棉沉着病asphyxia 窒息aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎aspirin induced asthma, ASA 阿司匹林引起的哮喘asthma 气喘，哮喘asthmatiform 气喘样的，哮喘样的asthmogenic 气喘原的，致气喘的、致喘剂atopy 遗传性过敏症auscultate 听诊auscultator 听诊者；听诊器axillary node 腋窝淋巴结bacille Calmette Guerin , BCG 卡介菌(BCG vaccine 卡介苗) backache 背痛bacteria ( bacterium的复数) 细菌bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriemia 菌血症Bamberger-Marie disease (Eugen Bamberger ; Pierre Marie)肥大性肺性骨关节病bambuterol 班布特罗(β2受体激动剂) barrel chest 桶状胸bathypnea 深呼吸bechic 咳嗽的、镇咳药beclomethasone dipropionate , BDP 二丙酸倍氯米松(糖皮质激素) benzopyrene 苯并芘benzylpenicillin 苄青霉素，青霉素Gbody mass index, BMI 体重指数Bouchut's repspiration (jean A. E. Bouchut) 布舒呼吸(小儿患支气管肺炎时吸气较呼气短)bovovaccination 牛结核菌苗接种bovovaccine 牛结核菌苗bradypnea 呼吸过慢，呼吸不正常的缓解breast 胸；乳房；乳腺breastbone 胸骨breath 气息；呼吸；正常呼吸力breather 呼吸者；通气孔breathing 呼吸的，活的、呼吸，呼吸运动,呼吸音Brock's syndrome (Russell C. Brock) 中叶综合征（右肺中叶膨胀不全，兼有慢性肺炎）bromhexine 溴苄环己铵，必消痰，必嗽平（祛痰药及粘液分解剂）bronchi ( bronchus的复数) 支气管bronchia ( brouchium的复数) 小支气管bronchial 支气管的bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchial provocation test, BPT 支气管激发试验bronchiarctia 支气管狭窄bronchiectasis 支气管扩张bronchiloquy 支气管语音bronchiocele 细支气管扩大bronchiole 细支气管bronchiolectasis 细支气管扩张bronchiolitis 细支气管炎,毛细支气管炎bronchiospasm , bronchismus 支气管痉挛(痉挛性支气管收缩) bronchiostenosis 支气管狭窄bronchitis 支气管炎bronchium ([复]bronchia) 【拉】小支气管(支气管分支，小于支气管，大于细支气管) bronchoalveolar 支气管肺泡的bronchoalveolar carcinoma 支气管肺泡癌bronchoalveolitis 支气管肺炎bronchocandidiasis 支气管念珠菌病bronchocavernous 支气管空洞的bronchocele 支气管囊肿（支气管局部扩张）bronchocephalitis 支气管脑炎bronchoconstriction 支气管收缩，支气管狭窄bronchodilatation , bronchodilation 支气管扩张bronchodilator 支气管扩张器；支气管扩张药bronchoesophagoscopy 支气管食管镜检查bronchogram 支气管造影摄片bronchography 支气管造影术broncholith 支气管（结）石，肺石broncholithiasis 支气管结石病bronchomalacia 支气管软化bronchomotor 支气管舒缩的bronchomycosis 支气管真菌病，支气管霉菌病bronchophony 支气管（语）音bronchoplegia 支气管麻痹bronchopleural 支气管胸膜的bronchopleuropneumonia 支气管胸膜肺炎bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎bronchopneumonitis 支气管肺炎bronchopneumopathy 支气管肺病bronchopulmonary 支气管肺的bronchoradiography 支气管X线照相术，支气管X线造影术bronchorrhagia 支气管出血bronchoscope 支气管镜bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查bronchospasm 支气管痉挛（痉挛性支气管收缩）bronchostenosis 支气管狭窄bronchotracheal 支气管气管的，气管支气管的bronchovesicular 支气管肺泡的bronchus ([复]bronchi) 【拉】支气管budesonide , BUD 布地奈德(糖皮质激素)bulla ( [复] bullae ) 肺大泡cadmiosis 镉尘肺candidiasis , candidosis 念珠菌病capreomycin 卷曲霉素（抗结核药）carcinoembryonic antigen , CEA 癌胚抗原cardioasthma 心病性哮喘cDNA fingerprinting 核酸指印技术ceftazidime 头孢他啶(三代头孢菌素) ceftriaxone 头孢曲松(三代头孢菌素)central sleep apnea syndrome, CSAS 中枢型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征chalcosis 铜屑肺，铜屑沉着病chalicosis 石末肺，石末沉着病chemotherapy 化学疗法，化学治疗chest 胸，胸廓chest tube drainage 胸腔闭式引流chloramphenicol 氨霉素（抗菌、抗立克次体药）choke 闷塞；阻塞；抑制；阻止、窒息；塞住、窒息；气哽，气阻chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic desquamating eosinophlia bronchitis 慢性脱屑性嗜酸性粒细胞增多性支气管炎chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD 慢性阻塞性肺病chronic pulmonary heart disease 慢性肺源性心脏病clenbuterol 克仑特罗(β2受体激动剂) clindamycin 克林霉素clorprenaline 氯丙那林(β2受体激动剂)closure pneumothorax 闭合性气胸cloxacillin 氯唑西林cobaltosis 钴尘肺codeine 可待因(镇咳、麻醉止痛药)Cohn's pores 肺泡间孔coldsore 单纯性疱疹，唇疱疹common cold 普通感冒community acquired pneumonia, CAP 社区获得性肺炎coniofibrosis 肺尘性纤维变性，纤维性肺尘病connective tissue disease, CTD 结缔组织病continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP 持续气道正压conventional pulmonary angiography, CPA 选择性肺动脉造影cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病（简称肺心病）cough 咳嗽、咳出、咳,咳嗽cough variant asthma, CV A 咳嗽变异性哮喘cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐原性纤维化性肺泡炎cyanose 【法】发绀,青紫cyanosed 发绀的，青紫的cyanosis 发绀，青紫cyclophosphamide 环磷酰胺(免疫抑制剂及抗肿瘤药) cycloserine 环丝氨酸(结核菌抑制药，很少用于治尿路感染)cystic fibrosis 囊性纤维化deep venous thrombosis , DVT 深静脉血栓形成Directly Observed Treatmeat, Short Course Chemotherapy; DOTS督导短程化学治疗disodium cromoglycate 色甘酸二钠(非激素类抗炎药) drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病dyspnea 呼吸困难edema 浮肿,水肿embolism 栓塞embolize 栓塞、成为栓子embolomycotic 感染性栓子的embolus ([复]emboli ) 栓子emphysema 气肿；肺气肿emptysis 【希】咯血empyema 积脓；脓胸eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿expiratory reserve volume,ERV 呼吸储备量extend spectrum beta lactases,ESBLS 超光谱酶ethambutol, EMB 乙胺丁醇(结核菌抑制药)exercise induced asthma , EIA 运动性哮喘exhalation 蒸发；发散物(如气体、气味)；呼出，呼气exhale 呼气；蒸发，发散、呼出;发散出expiration 呼出，呼气；断气，死亡；期满，终止expiratory 呼气的expire 呼气，断气，死亡；期满，终止，呼出extrinsic allergic alveolitis, EAA 外源性过敏性肺泡炎febricant 致热的febricide 退热的，退热药febricity 发热febrifugal 退热的，解热的febrifuge 退热药，解热药、退热的，解热的febrile 热性的，发热的febris 【拉】发热，热fenoterol 非诺特罗(β2受体激动剂)forced expiratory volume in one second，FEV1 第一秒用力呼气量fever 发热，热fever blister 唇疱疹feverish 发烧的，引起热病的；兴奋的fibroblasts growth factor, FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子fibronectin, Fn 纤维连结素fieber 【德】发热，热fluorine -18-fluorodeoxyglcose, FDG 18F脱氧葡萄糖fluticasone propionate, FP 丙酸氟替卡松(糖皮质激素) formoterol 福莫特罗(β2受体激动剂)fungal真菌的，霉菌的fungicide 杀真菌剂fungicidin 制真菌素，制霉菌素fungistat 抑制真菌剂fungous 真菌的，霉菌的fungus ([复]funguses 或fungi) 【拉】真菌,霉菌;海绵肿furosemide 速尿,速尿灵(磺胺类强利尿药) forced vital capacity,FVC 用力肺活量gasp 喘气、气喘喘地说、喘息gasproof 防毒气的；不透气的gentamicin, gentamycin 庆大霉素Global Initiative For Asthma,GIFA 全球性哮喘防治建议Goodpasture's syndrome 肺出血--肾炎综合征（肾小球性肾炎咯血综合征，主要发生于青年男性,开始为呼吸道感染、肺浸润、咯血和贫血，继则迅速转为进行性肾病）granuloma--inciting factor 肉芽肿激发因子guttur 【拉】咽喉guttural 喉的，咽喉的gutturophony 喉音gutturotetany 喉痉挛性口吃Hamman-Rich Syndrome (Louis Hamman; Arnold R. Rich)弥散性间质性肺纤维化headache 头痛hemathorax 血胸，胸腔积血hematic 血的、补血药hematothorax 血胸hemopleura 血胸hemopneumothorax 血气胸hemoptysis 咯血hemothorax 血胸hospital acquired pneumonia, HAP 医院获得性肺炎hydropneumothorax 水气胸hyperpyrexia 高热，高烧hyperthermal 高温的，热的hyperventilation 过度换气；过度呼吸hypopharynx 下咽(部)，咽喉(部)hypopnea 呼吸不足，呼吸不全hyposensitization therapy 减敏疗法idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis 特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着症immediate asthmatic reaction, IAR 速发相哮喘反应inflammation 炎(症)inflammatory 炎的，炎性的influenza 流行性感冒,流感infratracheal 气管下的isonicotinylhydrazine,INH 异烟肼，雷米封(商品名，抗结核药) Interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病Intrabronchial 支气管内的intubation 插管(法)(尤指喉管插入法)intubate 插管，插入喉管intermittent positive pressure breathing,IPPB 间歇性正压呼吸ipratropium bromide 溴化异丙托品(抗胆碱药) isoniazid，INH 异烟肼(抗结核药)isoproterenol 异丙肾上腺素，喘息定，治喘灵(用于拟交感神经药.心兴奋剂及解痉药,亦用于缓解支气管痉挛) isoproterenol hydrochloride 盐酸异丙肾上腺素(支气管扩张药) isoproterenol sulfate 硫酸异丙肾上腺素(支气管扩张药) kanamycin 卡那霉素Kartagener's syndrome (triad) (Manes Kartagener) 卡塔格内综合征(三征)(右位心<内脏易位>、支气管扩张、鼻窦炎) ketotifen 酮替芬(治疗哮喘的药物)Klebsiellar pneumonia 肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎Koch's bacillus (Robert koch) 郭霍杆菌(结核杆菌)Koch's phenomenon 郭霍现象(结核菌再感染剧烈反应) Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病Langhans' cells(Theodor Langhans) 朗汉斯细胞(构成细胞滋养层的多面形上皮细胞;结核性结节巨细胞)late asthmatic reaction, LAR 迟发相哮喘反应lactic dehydrogenase,LDH 乳酸脱氢酶Legionella pneumonia 嗜肺军团菌Legionnaies pneumonia 军团菌肺炎lincomycin 林可霉素liparodyspnea 肥胖性呼吸困难lobitis 叶炎(尤指肺叶炎)lobule 小叶lobulus ([复]lobuli ) 【拉】小叶lobus ([复]lobi ) 【拉】叶lung 肺lung abscess 肺脓肿lung cancer 肺癌lungmotor 肺充气机lungworm 肺蠕虫(如肺吸虫)Marie-Bamberger disease (Pierre Marie; Eugen Bamberger) 肥大性肺性骨关节病mechanical controlled hypoventilation, MCHV 控制性低通气量辅助呼吸mechanical ventilation 机械通气meningopneumonitis 脑膜肺炎mesobronchitis 支气管中层炎mesosternum 胸骨体metacortandralone 泼尼松龙，强的松龙，氢化泼尼松，去氢氢化可的松(糖皮质激素) metapneumonic 肺炎后的methylmorphine 甲基吗啡，可待因methylprednisolone 甲基去氢氢化可的松，甲基氢化泼尼松，甲基泼尼松龙(糖皮质激素) metronidazole 灭滴灵，甲硝唑mitomycin 自力霉素，丝裂霉素(抗肿瘤药) MMFR maximum midexpiratory flow rate 最大呼气中期流速moroxydine, ABOB 吗啉胍（抗病毒药）methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌midsternal line,MSL 胸骨中线Multiple drug resistance tuberculosis, MDR-TB 耐多药结核病mycete 霉菌，真菌mycobacterium 分支杆菌mycobacterium avium 鸟(型)结核分支杆菌mycobacterium bovis 牛(型)结核分支杆菌mycobacterium other than M.tuberculosis, MOTT 其他分支杆菌mycobacterium paratuberculosis 副结核分支杆菌mycobacterium tuberculosis 结核分支杆菌,结核杆菌mycoplasma 支原体，类菌质体mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体，肺炎支原菌mycoplasmal pneumonia 支原体肺炎mycoplasmosis 支原体病,支原菌病nafcillin 乙氧萘胺青霉素，萘夫西林，新青霉素IIInasal continuous positive airway pressure, nCPAP 经鼻持续气道正压necropneumonia 肺坏疽nedocromil sodium 奈多罗米钠(非激素类抗炎剂) needle aspiration 穿刺抽气nicoumalone 新抗凝(抗凝血药)non-inflammatory 非炎性的non-small cell lung cancer 非小细胞肺癌non-smoker 非吸烟者norepinephrine 去甲肾上激素noscapine 诺司咳平(1-α-那可丁，镇咳药，由鸦片中提出的一种生物碱,其含量约3----10%)obstructive hypoventilation 阻塞性通气不足obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, OSAS 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停old tuberculin, OT 旧结核菌素;简称旧结素oleothorax (人工)油胸oligopnea 肺换气不足orthopnea 端坐呼吸oxacillin 苯唑西林，新青II oxygen therapy 氧气治疗oxytetracycline 氧四环素，土霉素oxytropium bromide 溴化氧托品（抗胆碱药）pachypleuritis 肥厚性胸膜炎，纤维胸palpation 触诊，扪诊Pancoast tumor 肺上沟瘤para-aminosalicylic acid, PAS 对氨基水杨酸paraneoplastic syndrome 副癌综合征parapleuritis 胸壁炎，胸壁胸膜炎paratoloid, paratoloidin 结核菌素paristhmitis 扁桃体炎polymerase chain reaction,PCR 聚合酶链反应pectoral 胸的，祛痰的，舒胸的pectoralgia 胸痛，胸肌痛pectorophony 语音增强pectus 【拉】胸positive end-expiratory pressure,PEEP 呼气末正压peak expiratory flow,PEF 呼气流量峰值penicillin 青霉素percussion 叩击；叩诊（法）peribronchial 支气管周的peribronchiolar 细支气管周的peribronchiolitis 细支气管周炎peribronchitis 支气管周炎perithoracic 胸周的peritonsillar 扁桃体周的peritonsillitis 扁桃体周炎peritracheal 气管周的pertussis 百日咳pharyngalgia 咽痛pharyngeal, pharyngal 咽的pharyngodynia 咽痛pharyngotonsillitis 咽扁桃体炎phthisicky 气喘的，患气喘病的pimelorthopnea 肥胖性端坐呼吸（躺下时则难以呼吸）piorthopnea 肥胖性端坐呼吸（躺下时则难以呼吸）platypnea 平卧呼吸（端坐时所致的呼吸困难在平卧时得以缓解）pleura ([复]pleurae ) 胸膜pleuracentesis 胸腔穿刺术pleurectomy 胸膜部分切除术pleural effusion 胸腔积液pleuralgia 胸膜痛pleurisy 胸膜炎pleurobrochitis 胸膜支气管炎pleurocentesis 胸腔穿刺术pleuroclysis 胸膜腔灌洗术pleurodesis 胸膜粘连疗法pleurodynia 胸膜痛，肋肌痛（陈发性肋间肌痛）pleuroparietopexy 胸膜胸壁固定术pleuropneumonia 胸膜肺炎pleuropulmonary 胸膜肺的pleurorrhea 胸膜腔渗液pleuroscopy 胸膜腔镜检查paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, PND 陈发性夜间呼吸困难pneogaster 呼吸道（胚）pneumal 肺的pneumatocele 肺膨出；气瘤，气囊pneumatodyspnea 气肿性呼吸困难pneumoalveolography 肺泡X线照相术pneumoangiogram 肺血管（造影）照片pneumoangiography 肺血管造影术pneumobacillus 肺炎杆菌pneumocele 肺膨出；气瘤；气囊pneumocentesis 肺穿刺术pneumochysis 肺水肿pneumococcal pneumonia 肺炎球菌肺炎pneumococcemia 肺炎球菌血症pneumococcidal 杀肺炎球菌的pneumococcosis 肺炎球菌病pneumococcus ([复]pneumococci) 肺炎球菌pneumoconiosis 肺尘埃沉着病，尘肺pneumocystic 肺孢子虫的，肺孢子虫所致的pneumocystosis 肺孢子虫病（间质性浆细胞性肺炎）pneumocyte 肺细胞pneumoderma 皮下气肿pneumoempyema 气脓胸pneumohemothorax 气血胸pneumohydrothorax 气水胸pneumokoniosis 肺尘埃沉着病，尘肺pneumolith 肺石pneumolithiasis 肺石病pneumology 肺病学pneumomalacia 肺软化pneumomycosis 肺真菌病，肺霉菌病pneumonectasis, pneumonectasia 肺气肿pneumonedema 肺水肿pneumonemia 肺充血pneumonia 肺炎pneumonitis 肺炎，局限性肺炎pneumonocele 肺膨出；气瘤；气囊pneumonocentesis 肺穿刺术pneumonococcus 肺炎(双)球菌pneumonoconiosis, pneumonokoniosis 肺尘埃沉着病,尘肺pneumonocyte 肺细胞pneumonograph 肺X线(照)片pneumonolipoidosis 脂质性肺炎pneumonomelanosis 肺黑变病pneumonopathy 肺病pneumonophthisis 肺结核pneumonorrhagia 肺出血pneumonosis 肺病pneumopleuritis 肺胸膜炎pneumopyothorax 气脓胸pneumorrhagia 肺出血pneumosepticemia 肺炎败血病pneumoserothorax 浆液气胸pneumosilicosis 硅肺pneumotaxic 呼吸调节的pneumothorax 气胸pneusis 【希】呼吸polygenic inheritance 多基因遗传polypnea 呼吸急促，气促polysomnography 多导睡眠图positron emission tomography, PET 正电子发射断层显像Post-Hypercapnic alkalosis 二氧化碳排出后碱中毒purified protein derivative (of tuberculin),PPD 纯蛋白衍生物(结核菌素) presternum 胸骨柄pretracheal 气管前的pretuberculosis 初期结核病pretuberculous 结核发生前的primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌primary pneumothorax 原发性气胸primary pulmonary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核procaterol 丙卡特罗(β2受体激动剂) pulmo ([复]pulmones ) 【拉】肺pulmogram 肺X线(照)片pulmonary 肺的pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症pulmonary arterial hypertension, PAH 肺动脉高压pulmonary aspergillosis 肺曲菌病pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PCWP 肺小动脉楔压pulmonary embolism, PE 肺栓塞pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病pulmonary surfactant, PS 肺表面活性物质pulmonary thromboembolism, PTE 肺血栓栓塞pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核pulmonic 肺的；肺动脉的pulmonitis 肺炎pulmotor 自动供氧人工呼吸器purr 猫喘音，呜呜purring 猫喘音样的Px. pneumothorax 气胸pyohemothorax 脓血胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸pyoptysis 咯脓pyothorax 脓胸pyrazinamide , PZA 吡嗪酰胺(抗结核病)QP quanti-Pirquent reaction 定量皮尔盖反应(定量结核菌素划痕反应)quinsy 扁桃体周脓肿radiation therapy 放射治疗rale 罗音respiration 呼吸(作用);呼吸音respiratory 呼吸的respiratory acidosis 呼吸性酸中毒respiratory alkalosis 呼吸性碱中毒respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭respire 呼吸restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP 限制性内切酶片段多态性分析restrictive hypoventilation 限制性通气不足retrobronchial 支气管后的ribavirin 利巴韦林(抗病毒药)rifabutin RBU 利福布丁(抗结核药)rifampin RFP 利福平(抗结核药)rifamycin 利福霉素(对结核分支杆菌及其他细菌均有效)rifapentine DL473, RPE, RPT 利福喷丁(抗结核药)rigor 【拉】寒战,发冷; 强直,僵硬rimantadine 甲基金刚烷胺(抗病毒药)Rimifon 雷米封(异烟肼<isoniazid>的商品名) rimiterol 利米特罗(β2受体激动剂)Rostan's asthma (Louis L. Rostan) 心病性气喘RV residual volume 余气量，残气量salbutamol 沙丁胺醇(β2受体激动剂) salmeterol 沙美特罗(β2受体激动剂)Samter Syndrome 阿司匹林过敏-哮喘-鼻息肉三联症Sarcoidosis 结节病secondary pneumothorax 继发性气胸secondary pulmonary tuberculosis 继发型肺结核serothorax 浆液胸，胸膜(腔)积水，水胸severe acute respiratory syndrome ,SARS (infectious atypical pneumopia) 传染性非典型肺炎siderosilicosis 铁(硅)末沉着,铁硅尘肺siderosis 肺铁末沉着病，铁尘肺silicosis 矽肺silicotuberculosis 石末沉着性结核病,硅肺结核sleep apnea syndrome 睡眠呼吸暂停综合征small sell lung cancer 小细胞肺癌spacer 储雾罐spontaneous pneumothorax 自发性气胸staphylococcus ([复]staphylococci) 葡萄球菌staphylococcal pneumonia 葡萄球菌肺炎status asthmaticus 哮喘持续状态stethophone 胸音传播器，听诊器stethoscope 听诊strangulation (呼吸)窒息;绞窄streptococcus ([复]streptococci) 链球菌streptococcus pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌streptomycin SM 链霉素stridor 【拉】喘鸣suprathoracic 胸廓上的suspirious 深呼吸的，叹气的tension pneumothorax 张力性气胸terbutaline 特布他林(β2受体激动剂) the lung imaging fluorescence endoscope, LTFE 肺成像荧光屏内镜the respiratory disturbance index 呼吸紊乱指数thiosemicarbazone, TB 氨硫脲(抗结核药) thoracalgia 胸痛thoracentesis 胸廓穿刺术thoracic , thoracal 胸的，胸廓的thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术thoracocyllosis 胸畸形thoracodynia 胸痛thoracopathy 胸部疾病thoracoscope 胸腔镜thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查thoracostenosis 胸廓狭窄thorax ([复]thoraxes或thoraces ) 胸,胸廓tiotropium bromide 溴化泰乌托品(抗胆碱能药) total lung capacity,TLC 肺总量tonsil 扁桃体tonsilla ([复]tonsillae ) 【拉】扁桃体tonsillitis 扁桃体炎trachea ([复]tracheas 或tracheae ) 【拉】气管trachea-bronchitis 气管-支气管炎tracheaectasy 气管扩张tracheitis 气管炎tracheobronchitis 气管支气管炎. tracheobronchomegaly 气管支气管扩大;巨大气管-支气管症tracheobronchoscopy 气管支气管镜检查tracheofistulization 气管穿刺投药法tracheophony 气管音tracheopyosis 气管化脓,化脓性支气管炎tracheorrhagia 气管出血tracheoscopy 气管镜检查tracheostenosis 气管狭窄tracheotomize 切开气管tracheotomy 气管切开术trachitis 气管炎tranilast 曲尼司特(治疗哮喘的药物) transforming oncogenes 转化癌基因transthoracic 经胸廓的，经胸腔的transtracheal 经气管的，经气管壁的transudate 漏出液，渗出液Triple acid-base disorders, TABD 三重酸碱失衡tubercle 结节，结核结节tuberculin 结核菌素,结素tuberculocide 杀结核菌药tuberculosilicosis 硅肺结核tuberculosis 结核(病)tuberculosis pleuritis 结核性胸膜炎tuberculostatic 结核菌抑制药、抑制结核菌的tulobuterol 妥布特罗(β2受体激动剂) unclosure pneumothorax 交通性气胸upper respiratory tract infection, URTI 上呼吸道感染uvulopalatopharygoplasty , UPPP 悬雍垂软腭成形术vaccinum 【拉】疫苗,菌苗Vancocin 万古霉素(商品名)vancomycin 万古霉素vital capacity,VC 肺活量viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎virucide 杀病毒剂virus 【拉】病毒virusemia 病毒血(症)Wegener granulomatosis 韦格内肉芽肿wheeze 喘气，喘息、喘息地说、喘息声，喘鸣white lung 白肺(婴儿梅毒性肺炎)windpipe 气管Cardiovascular systemabscess 脓肿achropachy;acropachy 杵状指acute coronary syndrome 急性冠脉综合征acute myocardial infarction 急性心肌梗塞acute pericarditis 急性心包炎adrenergic blocking agent 肾上腺素能阻滞剂after load 后负荷alcoholic heart disease 酒精性心脏病aldosterone 醛固酮ambulatory blood pressure monitoring 动态血压监测amelioration 改善aminoglycosides 氨基糖甙类amoxicillin 阿莫西林ampicillin 氨苄西林anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anemia 贫血aneurysm 动脉瘤angina pectoris 心绞痛angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor；ACEI 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂angiotensin 血管紧张素angiotensin-converting enzyme 血管紧张素转换酶anorexia 食欲不振anoxia 缺氧antibiotic 抗生素Anticoagulant drug 抗凝药anxiety 焦虑aortic sinus 主动脉窦aortic stenosis 主动脉口狭窄aortic valve 主动脉瓣apical hypertrophy 心尖部肥厚arrhythmia 心律失常arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy 致心律失常性右室心肌病arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia 心律失常性右室发育不良症arterial pressure 动脉压arterial septal defect 房间隔缺损arterial spasm 动脉痉挛arterioVenous fistula 动静脉瘘arthritis 关节炎artificial cardiac pacing 人工心脏起搏ascites 腹水asymmetric septal hypertrophy 心室间隔肥厚asymptomatic myocardial ischemia 无症状性心肌缺血asynchronous defibrillation 非同步电除颤asynchronous pacemaker 非同步型起搏器atheroma 粥样斑块atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化atrial fibrillation心房颤动atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial natriuretic factor 心钠素atrial tachycardia 房性心动过速atrioventricular block 房室传导阻滞atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia 房室结折返性心动过速atrophy 萎缩automatic tachycardia 自律性心动过速autosome 常染色体bacteremia 菌血症balloon catheter 球囊导管balloon expandable stent 球囊膨胀性支架bicuspidal valve二尖瓣bilateral basal rales 两肺底罗音bleeding 渗出blood flow reserve 血流储备blood volume 血容量body fluid 体液bradycardia 心动过缓Bradykinin 缓激肽brain death 脑死亡brain stem death 脑干死亡breathholding 屏气broad spectrum 广谱C reactive protein,CRP C反应蛋白calcification 钙化calcium channel antagonists 钙通道阻滞剂capillary network 毛细血管网cardiac catheter 心导管cardiac failure 心衰cardiac index 心脏指数cardiac insufficiency 心力衰竭cardiac output 心排血量cardiac soufflé心脏杂音cardiogenic shock 心源性休克cardiogenic syncope 心源性晕厥cardiophonogram 心音图cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏cardioversion 心脏电复律carotid sinus syncope 颈动脉窦晕厥catecholamine 儿茶酚胺catheter ablation 心导管消融catheterization 心导管术cefalotin 头孢噻吩cefetaxime 头孢噻肟cell-mediate immunity 细胞免疫cerebral edema 脑水肿cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血cerebrovascular disease 脑血管疾病chaotic tachycardia 紊乱性心动过速chest pain 胸痛chill 寒战chorea 舞蹈病ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星clindamycin 克林霉素clinical features 临床特点coagulated necrosis 凝固坏死coarctation of aorta 主动脉缩窄coenzyme 辅酶collagen fiber 胶原纤维color doppler imaging 彩色多普勒血流显像color kinesis 彩色室壁运动技术coma 昏迷complement 补体complete left bundle branch block 完全性左束支传导阻滞complete right bundle branch block 完全性右束支传导阻滞compliance 顺应性complication 并发症complication 并发症concordant 协调性conduction block 传导阻滞congenital vascular malformation 先天性心血管畸形congestive heart failure 充血性心力衰竭conscious disturbance 意识障碍constrictive pericarditis 缩窄性心包炎contractility 收缩力contraction 收缩contrast echocardiography 心肌声学造影convulsion 惊厥coronary angiography 冠状动脉造影coronary arterial insufficiency 冠脉供血不足coronary artery bypass grafting 冠脉旁路移植术coronary artery bypass 冠状动脉旁路coronary artery embolism 冠状动脉栓塞coronary artery spasm 冠脉痉挛coronary revascularization 冠脉血运重建术coronary stenting 冠脉内支架术corticosteroid 皮质类固醇creatine phosphate kinase 磷酸肌酸激酶crepitations 捻发音cyanosis 紫绀deep vein thrombosis 深部静脉血栓形成defibrillation 心脏电除颤degeneration 变性diabetes mellitus 糖尿病diastolic insufficiency heart failure 舒张功能不全性心力衰竭diastolic pressure 舒张压diffuse glomerulonephritis 弥漫性肾小球肾炎digitalis 洋地黄dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张型心肌病diltiazem 地尔硫卓dilution 稀释directional coronary atherectomy 定向冠脉内膜切除术dissecting aneurysm 夹层动脉瘤dissection of aorta 主动脉夹层diuretic 利尿剂doppler tissue imaging 组织型多普勒成像doppler ultrasound 多普勒超声心动图drug-induced heart disease 药物性心脏病dysfunction 功能障碍dyspnea 呼吸困难dystrophy 营养障碍Ebstein's anomaly 三尖瓣下移畸形ECG exercise test 心电图运动试验edema 水肿Eisenmenger syndrome 艾森曼格综合征ejection 射血ejection fraction 射血分数electrocardiography 心电图electrophysiology 电生理emboli 栓子emphraxis 闭塞end systolic volume 收缩末容量endemic cardiomyopathy 地方性克山病endocardium infarction 心内膜下心梗endothelin 内皮素enlargement 增大environmental factor 环境因素epidemiology 流行病学erectional syncope 直立性晕厥erythrocyte sedimentation 血沉erythromycin 红霉素Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌etiology 病因学family history 家族史Fatigue 疲劳fatty streak 脂质条纹fatty tissue 脂肪组织febrile 发热fibrosis 纤维化fibrous protein纤维蛋白filling resistance 充盈阻力filling 充盈first aid 急救fluid retention 液体潴留fourth heart sound 第四心音fundus of eye 眼底fungus 真菌gallop 奔马律gamma globulin 丙种球蛋白genetic background 遗传背景gentamycin 庆大霉素gonococcus 淋球菌headache头痛head-up tilt test 直立倾斜试验heart failure 心力衰竭heart rate variability 心率变异性heart rate 心率heart sign 心脏体征heart transplantation 心脏移植术hematom 血肿hematuria 血尿hemodynamics血流动力学heredity 遗传hyperemia 充血hyperlipemia 高脂血症hypertension 高血压hypertension crisis 高血压危象hypertension emergency 高血压急症hypertensive crisis 高血压危象hypertensive encephalopathy 高血压脑病hyperthyrea 甲状腺功能亢进hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥厚型心肌病hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hypotension 低血压hypothermia 低温idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis 特发性肥厚性主动脉瓣下狭窄immune complex 免疫复合物immunosuppression 免疫抑制implantable cardioverter defibrillator 植入型心律转复除颤器inertia 乏力infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎inflammation 炎症inflammatory cell 炎症细胞in-stent restenosis 支架术后再狭窄insulin resistance 胰岛素抵抗intermittent myocardial ischemia 暂时心肌缺血interstitium 间质interventional cardiology 介入性心脏病学interventricular septum 室间隔intoxication 中毒intracranial pressure step-up 颅内压升高intravascular echocardiography 血管内超声成像intraventricular block 室内传导阻滞ischemia 缺血ischemic infarction 缺血性坏死joint pain 关节痛Keshan disease 克山病kidney sclerosis 肾硬化kidney 肾lactic dehydrogenase 乳酸脱氢酶laser angioplasty 激光成形术left anterior hemiblock 左前分支阻滞left posterior hemiblock 左后分支阻滞leucocyte 白细胞lipid deposition 脂质沉积lymphoma 淋巴瘤malignant hypertension 恶性高血压manifestation 临床表现mapping 标测mean arterial pressure 平均动脉压meningitis 脑膜炎mesentery 肠系膜minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最小抑菌浓度microvascular abnormalities 微血管功能不良mictional syncope 排尿性晕厥mitral incompetence / mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全mitral valve prolapse 二尖瓣脱垂moist rales 湿罗音monocyte 单核细胞monorail catheter 单轨导管mucosa 粘膜multifocal tachycardia 多源性心动过速multivalve disease 多瓣膜疾病mural thrombus 附壁血栓myocardial concussion syndrome 心肌震荡综合征myocardial contractility 心肌收缩力myocardial infarction 心肌梗死myocardial oxygen consumption 心肌氧耗量myocarditis 心肌炎myocardium bridging 心肌桥nafcillin 萘夫西林naked eye 肉眼native valve endocarditis 自体瓣膜心内膜炎nausea 恶心night sweats 盗汗nitrogen monoxide 一氧化氮nitroglycerin 硝酸甘油nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难non- Q-wave infarction 非Q波心梗non- ST elevation 非ST段抬高normal coronary arteries at coronary angiography 冠脉造影正常obesity 肥胖obstruction 梗阻oncocytosis 嗜酸细胞增多症optic disc 视神经乳头oral cavity 口腔orthopnea 端坐呼吸outflow tract 流出道oxacillin 苯唑西林palpitation 心悸papillary muscle disruption 乳头肌破裂paradoxical pulse 奇脉paroxysmal tachycardia 阵发性心动过速patent ductus arteriosus 动脉导管未闭pathology 病理学percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy 经皮二尖瓣球囊成形术percutaneous coronary laser angioplasty 经皮激光冠脉成形术percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation 经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术perforation 穿孔pericardial rub 心包摩擦音pericardial tamponade 心包填塞pericarditis 心包炎peripartal heart disease 围产期心脏病peripheral arteriosclerosis obliteration 闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化peripheral edema 末梢水肿peripheral resistance 外周阻力peritendinitis 腱鞘炎petechia 瘀点phagocyte 吞噬细胞pheochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤physical examination 体格检查piperacillin 哌拉西林plaque rupture 斑块破裂pleural fluid 胸水pneumococcus 肺炎球菌poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎positive exercise ECG 心电图运动试验阳性positron emission tomography 正电子断层显像post streptococcus reactive arthritis 链球菌后反应性关节炎postmyocardial infarction syndrome 心肌梗死后综合征postpericardiostomy syndrome 心脏损伤后综合征predisposing factors 易感因素preexcitation syndrome 预激综合征preload 前负荷premature beats 过早搏动premature contraction 期前收缩pressoreceptor 压力感受器prevalence rate 患病率primary hypertension 原发性高血压primary aldosteronism 原发性醛固酮增多症primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches 多发性大动脉炎primary prevention 一级预防prognosis 预后programmability 程序可控性programmable pacemaker 程控起搏器programmable stimulation 程序刺激器propafenone 普罗帕酮propranolol 普萘洛尔prostacyclin 前列环素prosthesis 人工瓣膜prosthetic valve endocarditis 人工瓣膜心内膜炎prosthetic valve replacement 人工瓣膜置换术proteinuria 蛋白尿pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 肺毛细血管楔嵌压pulmonary circulation 肺循环pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞pulmonic stenosis 肺动脉口狭窄pulmonic valve disease 肺动脉瓣疾病pulseless disease 无脉病Q-wave infarction Q波心梗radiate to the left arm\throat\jaw 放射到左肩、喉、下颌radiofrequency catheter ablation 经导管射频消融red cell cast 红细胞管型reentrant 折返refractory heart failure 顽固性心力衰竭regulation mechanism 调节机制relapse 复发remittent fever 弛张热remodelling 重构renal infarction 肾梗塞Renal parenchyma lesion 肾实质病变renal tubule 肾小管renin 肾素reperfusion 再灌注restrictive cardiomyopathy 限制型心肌病retina 视网膜rheumatic fever 风湿热rheumatoid factor 类风湿因子right heart infective endocarditis 右心瓣膜感染性心内膜炎right ventricular cardiomyopathy 右室心肌病rigor 寒战risk factor 危险因素risk stratification 危险分层Roth's spots Roth斑scar 瘢痕sclerosis 硬化secondary hypertension 继发性高血压secondary prevention 二级预防selective coronary angioplasty 选择性冠状动脉造影septicemia 败血症shock 休克sick sinus syndrome 病态窦房结综合征sinoatrial block 窦房阻滞sinus arrest 窦性停搏sinus rhythm 窦性心律sinus standstill 窦性静止sinus tachycardia 窦性心动过速skin eruption 皮疹spasm of normal coronary arteries 正常冠脉痉挛ST elevation ST段抬高ST segment depression ST段下移staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌stenosis of renal artery 肾动脉狭窄stiffness 僵硬度streptococcus链球菌stress echocardiography 超声心动负荷试验stress myocardial perfusion imaging 心肌显像负荷试验stroke 卒中stroke volume 心搏量subacute infective endocarditis 亚急性感染性心内膜炎sudden death 猝死superficial thrombophlebitis 血栓性浅静脉炎superior vena cava obstruction syndrome 上腔静脉阻塞综合征suppurative pericarditis 化脓性心包炎survival rate 生存率sympathetic nerve 交感神经symptom 症状syncope 晕厥syndrome X X综合征systemic circulation 体循环systemic lupus erythematosus 系统性红斑狼疮systole收缩期systolic insufficiency heart failure 收缩功能不全性心力衰竭systolic murmur 收缩期杂音systolic pressure 收缩压T wave flattening T波低平T wave inversion T波倒置tachycardia 心动过速。
303内科学考试大纲
303内科学考试大纲基础知识单元细目要点要求一、常见症状与体征1.发热（1）常见原因：感染性、非感染性（2）发生机制（3）临床表现：发热的分度、过程与特点、热型、临床意义（4）诊断方法与步骤：伴随症状与体征、实验室检查掌握熟悉掌握掌握2.咳嗽与咯痰（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）伴随症状了解掌握掌握3.咯血（1）概念（2）病因（3）临床表现（4）伴随症状掌握4.紫绀（1）概念（2）发生机制（3）分类与临床表现（4）伴随症状熟悉5.胸痛（1）常见病因（2）发生机制（3）临床表现（4）诊断步骤掌握熟悉掌握掌握6.呼吸困难（1）常见病因（2）临床表现与发生机制（3）诊断步骤掌握7.水肿（1）常见病因（2）发生机制（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断掌握熟悉掌握掌握8.恶心、呕吐（1）发生机制（2）常见病因与临床特点（3）伴随症状和意义熟悉掌握掌握9.腹痛（1）常见病因（2）发生机制（3）临床表现（4）诊断方法、步骤掌握熟悉掌握掌握10.腹泻（1）常见病因（2）发生机制（3）临床表现（4）诊断方法、步骤掌握熟悉掌握掌握11.呕血（1）常见出血病因及部位（2）不同出血量的病理生理改变和临床表现（3）伴随症状、体征和临床意义（4）食管静脉曲张破裂与非食管静脉曲张破裂出血的区别（5）出血量与活动性判断掌握12.便血（1）病因（2）不同出血量的病理生理改变（3）临床表现（4）伴随症状和意义掌握13.黄疸（1）正常胆红素代谢（2）黄疸分类（3）黄疸鉴别诊断（4）实验室及其他检查：肝功能、免疫学检查、血液学检查、超声、Ｘ线、核素等治疗性试验熟悉掌握掌握掌握14.腹水（1）常见病因（2）发生机制（3）诊断方法、步骤（4）常见疾病的鉴别诊断掌握熟悉掌握掌握15.肝肿大（1）概念（2）常见病因、机制（3）诊断方法（4）常见疾病的鉴别诊断掌握16.淋巴结肿大（1）正常淋巴结（2）引起淋巴结肿大的常见原因（3）浅表淋巴结的触诊方法与顺序（4）肿大淋巴结的触诊内容（5）淋巴结肿大的临床意义熟悉掌握掌握掌握掌握17.紫癜（1）概念（2）引起紫癜的常见原因（3）紫癜的临床特点，与出血性皮疹的鉴别（4）紫癜的临床表现掌握18.脾肿大（1）正常脾脏的体表投影位置（2）引起脾肿大的常见原因（3）体格检查时脾肿大的测量方法及临床常用脾肿大分度标准熟悉熟悉掌握19.尿量异常（1）多尿、少尿、无尿的定义及临床意义（2）夜尿增多的定义及临床意义掌握20.尿路刺激征（1）概念（2）临床意义掌握21．血尿（1）概念（2）临床意义掌握22.头痛（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）伴发症状掌握23．头晕（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）伴发症状了解24.意识障碍（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）伴发症状掌握二、体格检查1.一般检查（1）生命征（2）发育与体型（3）营养状态（4）意识状态（5）语调与语态（6）面容与表情（7）体位与姿势掌握2.皮肤、粘膜、淋巴结检查（1）皮肤检查（2）粘膜检查（3）淋巴结检查掌握3.头颈部检查（1）头部（2）颈部检查掌握4.肺部检查（1）视诊（2）触诊（3）叩诊（4）听诊掌握5.心血管检查（1）心脏检查①视诊②触诊③叩诊④听诊（2）血管检查①视诊②触诊③听诊掌握6.腹部检查（1）视诊（2）触诊（3）叩诊（4）听诊掌握7.脊柱、四肢检查（1）脊柱①弯曲度②活动度③压痛和叩击痛（2）四肢与关节掌握8.神经系统检查（1）颅神经检查（2）运动系统检查（3）感觉功能检查（4）神经反射检查（5）植物神经系统检查掌握三、常见疾病的病因、发病机制、病理、药理1.慢性阻塞性肺病（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理和病理生理掌握2.哮喘（1）概念（2）病因、发病机制掌握3.肺炎（1）病因分类（2）发病机制和病理掌握4．呼吸衰竭病因和病理生理掌握5.心力衰竭病因和病理生理掌握6.高血压病常见病因和降压药物应用掌握7.冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（1）心绞痛的发病机制（2）急性心肌梗死的发病机制掌握8.心脏瓣膜病病因掌握9．心律失常心律失常药物的作用机制了解10.肝硬化（1）病因（2）病理熟悉11.消化性溃疡（1）概念（2）病因和发病机制（3）病理掌握12.上消化道出血病因掌握13.急性胰腺炎（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理掌握14.泌尿系感染（1）感染途径（2）常见致病细菌掌握15.肾衰竭病因和发病机制熟悉16.肾病综合征（1）继发性肾病综合征的常见原因及其特点（2）糖皮质激素的应用（3）常用免疫抑制剂及其他治疗掌握17．多脏器功能衰竭（1）概念（2）发病机制掌握18.缺铁性贫血（1）铁代谢（2）病因和发病机制掌握19.急性白血病（1）概述（2）分类掌握20.特发性血小板减少性紫癜病因和发病机制掌握21.糖尿病（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理生理掌握22.甲状腺功能亢进症（1）病因和病理（2）病理生理了解23.系统性红斑狼疮病因和发病机制熟悉24.类风湿关节炎（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理熟悉25.脑血管病（1）脑血管的解剖和危险因素（2）脑血管病的概念了解26.脑变性疾病（1）分类和基本病理改变（2）概念、病理改变和发病机制了解27.周围神经疾病概念、发病原因和基本病理改变了解28.病毒性肝炎病原学：肝炎病毒的种类及其抗原抗体系统熟悉29.艾滋病（1）病原学：病原体（2）发病机制：CD4+T细胞受损伤的方式及表现掌握熟悉30.伤寒（1）病原学：病原体（2）病理解剖特点了解31.流行性乙型脑炎病原特点了解32.肺结核（1）原发性肺结核发病机制（2）血行播散性肺结核发病机制（3）继发性肺结核发病机制掌握33.急性一氧化碳中毒（1）接触机会（2）发病机制熟悉掌握34.急性有机磷杀虫剂中毒（1）接触机会（2）发病机制熟悉掌握医学伦理学单元细目要点要求医学伦理道德1．医患关系了解2．医疗行为中的伦理道德3．医学伦理道德的评价和监督相关专业知识单元细目要点要求一、呼吸内科1.肺癌（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握2.慢性支气管炎（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握3.支气管哮喘（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握4.肺炎（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握5.慢性肺源性心脏病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握6.胸腔积液（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握二、心血管内科1.心力衰竭（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握2.高血压病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握3.冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（1）危险因素（2）分型（3）辅助检查（4）心电图和血清心肌酶学改变（5）治疗要点掌握4.心脏瓣膜病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）Ｘ线和超声心动图检查（4）治疗要点掌握（2）诊断要点掌握（3）心电图表现（4）治疗要点6.心肌疾病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）Ｘ线、心电图和超声心动图检查（4）治疗要点三、消化内科1.慢性胃炎（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点2.胃癌（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点3.肝硬化（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点4.消化性溃疡（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点5.上消化道出血（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点6.急性胰腺炎（1）临床表现和分型（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点四、肾内科1.泌尿系感染（1）感染途径（2）常见致病细菌（3）临床症状掌握（4）诊断要点（5）辅助检查（6）治疗要点2.急慢性肾衰竭（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握五、血液病1.缺铁性贫血（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握2.白血病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握3.特发性血小板减少性紫癜（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握六、内分泌学1.糖尿病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握2.甲状腺功能亢进症（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握3.水、电解质代谢和酸碱平衡失调（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握4.高脂血症（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握七、风湿与临床免疫学1.系统性红斑狼疮（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握2.类风湿关节炎（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握八、神经内科1.脑血管疾病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握2.癫痫（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点掌握3.痴呆（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点4.周围神经病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点5.脑变性疾病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点九、传染病1.病毒性肝炎（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点2.艾滋病（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点3.伤寒（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点4.流行性乙型脑炎（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点5.肾综合征出血热（1）流行病学（2）临床症状（3）诊断要点掌握（4）辅助检查（5）治疗要点6.疟疾（1）流行病学（2）临床症状（3）诊断要点掌握（4）辅助检查（5）治疗要点十、结核病1.肺结核（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点2.结核性脑膜炎（1）临床症状（2）诊断要点掌握（3）辅助检查（4）治疗要点10。
(完整word版)内科学专业英语词汇
Respiratory systemabdominal breathing 腹式呼吸abscess 脓肿acetylcysteine 乙酰半胱氨酸，痰易净（用作各种支气管与肺部疾病的辅药）acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acidosis 酸中毒acute tracheobronchitis 急性气管-—支气管炎acute cor pulmonale 急性肺源性心脏病acute lung injury， ALI 急性肺损伤acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染adenosine deaminase， ADA 腺苷脱氨酶adenocarcinoma 腺癌adenopharyngitis 咽扁桃体炎adult respiratory distress syndrome ， ARDS 成人呼吸窘迫综合症aerobe 需氧菌aerodermectasia 皮下气肿aeroporotomy 呼吸道通气术（如用插管法或气管切开术）afebrile 无热（度）的,无发热病的β2-receptor agonist β2受体激动剂airway hyperresponsiveness, AHR 气道高反应性airway obstruction 气道阻塞airway remodeling 气道重塑alkalemia 碱血症alkalosis 碱中毒allergic airway inflammation， AAI 变态反应性气道炎症allergic bronchial-pulmonary aspergillosis, ABPA 变态反应性支气管肺曲菌病allergic granulomatosis 过敏性肉芽肿病allergy 变态反应性；变态反应,过敏反应alveolus （［pl.］alveoli ）肺泡amantadine 金刚烷胺(抗病毒药）ambroxol 盐酸氨溴索（化痰药）aminophylline 氨茶碱（用于舒张支气管平滑肌,平喘及利尿)amphoric breath sound 空瓮性呼吸音ampicillin 氨卡青霉素amygdala 扁桃体amygdalitis 扁桃体炎·1·anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerosis 呼吸间断（尤指新生儿）anaphylaxis 过敏性,过敏反应,过敏症anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anectasis 先天性扩张不全,原发性肺不张angina 咽峡炎，咽痛；绞痛anion gap， AG 阴离子间隙anoxia 缺氧（症）antasthmatic 止喘的，镇喘的、止喘药，镇喘药anthracosis 炭末沉着病，炭肺antibechic 镇咳的，镇咳药antibiotic 抗菌的，抗生的、抗菌素,抗生素anticancer 抗癌的anticarcinogen 抗癌药anticholinergic 抗胆碱能的、抗胆碱能药（副交感神经阻滞药）antiemetic 消水肿的,消水肿药antifebrile 解热的、解热药antifungal 抗真菌的、杀真菌药antigen—antibody reaction 抗原抗体反应antihemorrhagic 抗出血的，抗出血药物anti-infectious 抗感染的anti—infective 抗感染的,抗感染药anti—inflammatory 抗炎的，消炎的，消炎药antimycobacterial 抗分支杆菌的antineoplastic 抗肿瘤的、抗肿瘤药antiphthisic 抗痨的，抗结核的antipneumococcic 抗肺炎球菌的antispasmodic 镇痉的、镇痉药，解痉药antistaphylococcic 抗葡萄球菌的α1—antitrypsin，α1-AT α1—抗胰蛋白酶antituberculin 抗结核菌素antituberculotic 抗结核的、抗结核药antitussive 镇咳的、镇咳药apnea 呼吸暂停、窒息apneumatosis 肺无气，先天性肺不张apneumia 无肺(畸形)artificial respiration 人工呼吸asbestosis 石棉肺，石棉沉着病asphyxia 窒息aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎·2·aspirin induced asthma， ASA 阿司匹林引起的哮喘asthma 气喘，哮喘asthmatiform 气喘样的，哮喘样的asthmogenic 气喘原的，致气喘的、致喘剂atopy 遗传性过敏症auscultate 听诊auscultator 听诊者；听诊器axillary node 腋窝淋巴结bacille Calmette Guerin ， BCG 卡介菌（BCG vaccine 卡介苗) backache 背痛bacteria ( bacterium的复数）细菌bactericide 杀菌剂bacteriemia 菌血症Bamberger-Marie disease (Eugen Bamberger ; Pierre Marie)肥大性肺性骨关节病bambuterol 班布特罗(β2受体激动剂）barrel chest 桶状胸bathypnea 深呼吸bechic 咳嗽的、镇咳药beclomethasone dipropionate , BDP 二丙酸倍氯米松（糖皮质激素）benzopyrene 苯并芘benzylpenicillin 苄青霉素，青霉素Gbody mass index， BMI 体重指数Bouchut’s repspiration (jean A. E。
内科学-1考试大纲
内科学-1考试大纲潍坊医学院临床医学专业考试大纲《内科学-1》考试大纲第一篇绪论（一）掌握内科学的学习要求和方法。
（二）熟悉内科学的范围、内容。
（三）了解内科学是临床医学的一门重要学科，具有临床医学的通性和独有的特性。
内科学在理论和实践上的新发展。
第二篇呼吸系统疾病肺部感染性疾病（一）掌握肺炎球菌肺炎的临床表现，休克型肺炎的治疗；其它细菌性肺炎的临床特点和诊断治疗；肺脓肿的临床表现，诊断和防治。
（二）熟悉各种细菌性肺炎以及肺脓肿的病因、鉴别诊断。
（三）了解细菌性肺炎近年来致病菌的变迁，院内、外感染菌群的区别。
肺结核（一）掌握肺结核的发生与发展过程，结核病的免疫和变态反应，诊断要点，抗结核药物的正确应用，大咯血的治疗。
（二）熟悉肺结核的类型，结核菌素实验和卡介苗接种的具体操作。
（三）了解肺结核的流行病学、预防措施。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（一）掌握慢性阻塞性肺疾病、慢性支气管炎的定义、病因、临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断，以及急性加重期的治疗。
（二）熟悉慢性阻塞性肺疾的病程分期和缓解期的治疗。
（三）了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病的危害性。
支气管哮喘（一）掌握支气管哮喘的临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断；治疗哮喘药物的作用机制、用法及副作用。
（二）熟悉支气管哮喘的病因和发病机理。
（三）了解支气管哮喘的分级、并发症、预防。
肺血栓栓塞症（一）掌握肺血栓栓塞症的正确诊断和治疗。
（二）熟悉肺血栓栓塞症的病因和发病机理。
（三）了解肺血栓栓塞症的流行病学和危险因素。
只有凭借毅力，坚持到底，才有可能成为最后的赢家。
这些磨练与考验使成长中的青少年受益匪浅。
在种慢性肺源性心脏病（一）掌握慢性肺源性心脏病的临床表现，肺心功能代偿期和失代偿期的临床特点。
心功能不全的治疗。
（二）熟悉慢性肺源性心脏病的病因和发病机理。
（三）了解慢性肺源性心脏病病情的多变性和复杂性。
胸腔积液（一）掌握胸腔积液的诊断、治疗。
（二）熟悉胸腔积液的发病机理和鉴别诊断。
（三）了解胸水的循环机制、实验室检查。
内科医学专业英语
内科专业英语词汇Aabdomen 腹部accommodation reflex 调节反射acutc appendicitis 急性兰尾炎acute myocardial infarction急性心肌梗塞acute peritionitis急性腹膜炎anemia 贫血aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全aortic valve stenosis主动脉狭窄apical belly 尖腹apical four chamber view 心尖四腔图apical inpulse 心尖搏动appendicitis 阑尾炎arrhythmia心律失常articulatio 关节ascites腹水atrial flutter 心房扑动 atrio- 与心房有关的audation 听力auricle 耳廓auscultation 听诊Bbarrel chest 桶状胸blood pressure 血压blood vessel 血管board-like rigidity 板状腹 rigidity 强直；僵硬；强直的状态bronchial breath sound 支气管呼吸音bronchophony 支气管语音bronchovesicular breath sound 支气管肺泡呼吸音bundle branch block束支阻滞Ccachexia 恶液质cadiac asthma心源性哮喘 asthma 哮喘cardiac auscultation 心脏听诊 ausculation 听诊cardiac dilatation 心脏扩大 dilatation 扩大cardiac souffle 心脏杂音 souffle 杂音cardiologist 心脏病学家cheat discomfort 胸部不适chief complaint 主诉childbearing history 生育史 childbearing 生育circulation system physical diagnostic 循环系统的物诊学cirrhosis of liver 肝硬变 cirrhosis 肝硬变clinician 临床家colonosopy 肠镜－sopy 镜concentric stenosis 中心狭窄 tenosis 狭窄conduction system 传导系统conjunctiva 结膜continus fever 稽留热convergence reflex 幅奏反射cough 咳嗽cyanosis 紫绀cyanosis 发绀，青紫Ddappler 多普勒depolarization 除级diagnosis 诊断diffusion capacity 弥散量dilated congestive cardiomyopathy 扩张性心肌病 congestive 充盈的congestive heart failu 充血性心力衰竭dullness 浊音duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃疡 gastric ulcer 胃溃疡dyspnea 呼吸困难 pnenma- 与空气有关的dyspnea 呼吸困难dysuria 排尿困难Eear drum 鼓膜eccentric stenosis 偏心狭窄 stenosis 狭窄echocardiography 超声心动图ejection sounds 喷射音electrocardiogram 心电图（ECG）endogenous pyrogen内源性致热源 pyrogen 致热源endoscopic polypectomy 内镜下息肉切除术endoscopic retrograde cholangio -pancreatography ERCP 内镜下逆行胰胆管造影chol- 与胆汁有关的； retrograde 逆行的，衰退的endoscopic ultrasonograohy 内镜超声ultrasound 超声endoscopy 内镜endoscpic sphincterotomy EST 内镜下乳头肌切开术sphincter 括约肌epistaxis 鼻衄esophagoscopy 食道镜expectoration 咳痰eyelids 眼睑Ffamily history 家族史first sound （S1）第一心fixed splitting of S2 第二心音固定分裂split 分裂flatness 实音floating patella phenomenon 浮髌现象 patella 髌骨fluctuation 波动感fluid thrill 液波震颤thrill 震颤forced vital capacity 用力肺活量frequent micturition 尿频 micrurition 排尿frog belly 蛙腹Ggas exchange 气体交换gastric ulcer 胃溃疡gastroscopy 胃镜general data ) 一般项目gurgling sound 肠鸣音Hheart auscultation 心脏听诊auscultation 听诊heart failure 心力衰竭heart inspection 心脏视诊inspection 视诊heart murmurs心脏杂音heart palpation 心脏触诊 palpation 触诊heart percussion 心脏扣诊 percussion 扣诊heart sound 心音hemoptysis 咳血hemoptysis 咳血hepatic coma 肝昏迷coma 昏迷Heyne-Stokes respiration 呼吸His bundle 希氏束，心室束history of present illness 现病史holosystolic murmurs 全收缩期杂音holosystolic 全收缩期； murmur 杂音hypoventilation 低通气ventilation 换气hypercapnia 高碳酸血症hyperresonance 过清音 resonance 扣响hypertension 7 高血压hyperthyreosis 甲亢 thyro－与甲状腺相关的hyperventilation 高通气 ventilation 换气hypocapnia 低碳酸血症hypoxin 低氧血症Iincontinence of urine 尿失禁 incontinence 不能自控；大小便失禁inquisition 问诊 auscultation 听诊inspection 视诊 palpation 触诊 percussion 扣诊intermittent fever 间歇热intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻 obstruction梗阻Jjugular venous pulse 颈静脉搏动 jugular颈的；venous arterial 动脉的KKussmaul respiration 呼吸Llead 导联left ventricular long axis view 左室长轴切ventricle 心室；脑室 axis轴left ventricular stort axis view 左室短轴切面liver biopsy 肝穿刺liver cirrhosis 肝硬化 cirrhosis 肝硬化liver palms 肝掌 palm 手掌lung function testing 肺功能测定lung volume 肺音 volume 体积；容积；量；卷；册lymph node 淋巴结Mmarital history 婚姻史 martial 婚姻的，夫妻的mastoid 乳突Mc Burney 麦氏点melena m 5li:n 黑便menstrual history 月经史mensrtual 月经的metabolic alkaloidosis代碱metabolic acidosis 代酸mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄stenosis 狭窄mitral valve stenosis valve 瓣膜moist rale 湿罗音 rale 罗音Murphy 莫非氏征musculature of the arterotes 动脉心肌图组织myocardial infarction 心肌梗塞 infarct 梗死myocardial ischemia 心肌缺血 ischemia 缺血myocardium 心肌Nneurogenic bladder 神经元性膀胱Oopening snap 开瓣音Ppacemaker 起搏器palpation 触诊parotid gland pe5rRtid 5glAnd 腮腺 paroitits 腮腺炎paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 阵发性室上性心动过速paroxysm 阵发 ventricle 心室 tachycardia心搏过速peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡 peptic 消化的percussion 叩诊pericardial effusion 心包积液peri-周围pericardial friction rubs 心包摩擦音 friction 摩擦peristalsis 蠕动波perpheral arteral Vessels 周围动脉血管personal history 个人史pleural friction fremitus 胸膜磨擦感pneumoperitoneum 气腹 pneumo-与空气相关的portal hypertension 门脉高压症 portal 门preexcitation syndrome 预激综合征 pre-前 excitation刺激premature beat（extrasystole）过早搏动extrasystole 期外收缩；额外收缩pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulse 脉搏Rradiofrequency catheter ablation 导管射频消融术catheter 导管ablation 消融rebound tenderness 反跳痛 tenderness 触痛；压痛recurrent fever 回归热 recurrent 周期性的refractory period 不应期 refractory 难治疗的，不易产生疗效的remittent fever 驰张热 remittent 弛张的repolarization 复级 depolarization 去极化resonance 清音retention of urine 尿潴留 retention 潴留rib 肋骨 limb 肢体SS3. S4 gallop rhythm 第三心音第四心音奔马律 gallop奔马状scaphoid abdomen 舟状腹 abdomen 腹scapular line 肩胛线second sound （S2）第二心音setpoint 调定点shifting dullness 移动性浊音 dullness 浊音sign 体征sinus arrest 窦性停搏sinus 窦Spider 蜘蛛痣spider angioma 蜘蛛痣sternal angle 胸骨角stethoscope 听诊器succussion splash 振水音symptom 症状syncope 晕厥systems review 系统回顾systolic clickTtactile fremitus 触觉震颤tenderness 压痛 rebound tenderness 反跳痛three depressions sign 三凹征transesophageal atrial pacing 经食管心房调搏esophag-与食管有关的；atrial心房的 pacing 起搏Traube 胃泡鼓音区treadmill test 活动平板试验tricuspid regurgitation 三尖瓣反流regurgitation 反流two dimension 二维tympany 鼓音Uumbilicus 脐部undulant fever波状热undulant起伏的urgent micturition尿急frequency micturition 尿频Vvenous to arterial shunts A-V分流ventricular fibrillation 心室颤动fibrillation 纤维性颤动vesicular breath sound 肺泡呼吸音vital capacity 肺活量W Wenckebach phenomenon 文氏现象wheeze 喘鸣音。
《医学专业英语》考试大纲
《医学专业英语》考试大纲英文名称：Medical English学时：计划学时72；理论课学时72；实验学时0；理论课与实验课比例为72:0。
学分：4适用专业：临床医学本科前驱课程要求：大学英语一、课程性质与简介：《医学专业英语》课程是针对我院临床医学专业大学本科生开设的公共必修课程。
课程以培养全面素质为基础，力求体现以能力为本位和培养职业能力为主的指导思想，旨在使临床医学专业大学本科生经过基础英语阶段的学习之后,继续巩固和不断提高英语的语言能力，掌握医学英语的基本特点和表达习惯，以医学英语为工具，从事医学的学习、研究、交流和实践。
二、课程学习目标:《医学专业英语》教学要求学生通过学习课文熟悉传统经典的医学英语文章的风格、式样，即通常以某种常见病为题，包括疾病的定义、病因病理、诊断治疗及预防等，语言不复杂，句子结构规范，如同科技文章，但较多涉及专业内容，接近临床实践。
并要求学生能正确理解和翻译此类文章，包括英译中、中译英。
三、课程考核形式、内容及要求:评价形式：形成性评价和终结性评价。
1.形成性评价（随时记录在形成性评价记录本上）形成性评价目的在于及时了解学生平时学习情况，对所学知识的理解、掌握、运用能力。
以便教师有针对性地改进教学，更好地完成教学任务。
并且督促学生按时听课、做好预习和复习，扎实掌握本课程内容，具体形式如下：1、平时测验：每学期每班布置2次医学词汇翻译、2次医学段落翻译2、平时作业：每学期每班布置2次医学词汇翻译、2次医学段落翻译3、平时表现：考勤及其他形成性评价方式(二) 终结性评价终结性评价（即期末考试）是在形成性评价的基础上，对学生学习情况和学习效果进行的一次全面检测和总结。
考试题型、题量和分值：2.词汇翻译：20题；1题1分，共20分3.选词填空：20题；1题1分，共20分3、完形填空：10题；1题1分，共10分4、阅读理解：10题；1题2分，共20分5、段落翻译：1题；共30分考试形式：笔试考试时间：120分钟。
内科学专业词汇英汉对照表(包括诊断学)
内科学专业词汇英汉对照表（包括诊断学）内科学部分（呼吸系统）第三章慢性支气管炎、阻塞性肺气肿和肺原性心脏病第一节慢性支气管炎bronchitis 支气管炎Smoking 吸烟Occupation 职业Infection 感染Cough 咳嗽sputum 痰Hypertrophy 肥大Hyperplasia 增生Wheezingly 哮喘地, 喘息地asthmatic 哮喘的第二节阻塞性肺气肿proteolytic 蛋白水解的Obstruction 阻塞Emphysema 肺气肿Resistance 阻力Inflated 膨胀的Dyspnea 呼吸困难第三节肺原性心脏病sedation 镇静encephalopathy 脑病cyanotic 发绀的, 青紫的distention 膨胀, 延伸failure 失败,衰竭oxygen 氧第四章支气管哮喘asthma 哮喘aminophylline 氨茶碱allergic 变应性的eosinophilia 嗜酸细胞增多salbutamol 沙丁胺醇hydrocortisone 氢化可的松prednisolone 泼尼松龙extrinsic 外在的, 外来的intrinsic 内在的,anticholinergic 反副交感神经生理作用的inhalation 吸入ventilation 通气第五章支气管扩张sputum 痰bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症inflammatory 炎症性的第七章肺炎lobar 叶的bacterial 细菌的staphylococcal 葡萄球菌的legionnaire 军团的士兵viral 病毒性菌的mycoplasma 支原体rusty 铁锈色的pneumonia 肺炎bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎alveolar 肺泡的polymorphonuclear 中性粒细胞amoxicillin 羟氨卞青霉素penicillin 青霉素tetracycline 四环素第八章肺脓肿mucoid 粘液样的rigor 寒战opportunistic 机会性的abscess 脓肿pathogenic 致病的bacillus 杆菌第九章肺结核tuberculosis 肺结核primary 主要的, 原来的, pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺isoniazid 异烟肼rifampicin 利福平ethambutol 乙胺丁醇streptomycin 链霉素malaise 不适fatigue 疲劳fibrosis 纤维症dissemination 播散cavitation 成洞deafness 聋第十三章胸腔积液effusion 胸腔积液第十四章气胸pneumothorax第三篇循环系统疾病第三章心律失常部分英文名称1 arrhythmias心律失常2pacemaker起搏点3refractoryperiod不应期4Absoluterefractoryperiod绝对不应期5effectiverefractoryperiod有效不应期6relativerefractoryperiod相对不应期7Sinusrhythm窦性心律8Sinustachycardia窦性心动过速9Sinusbradycardia窦性心动过缓10Sinusarrhythmia窦性心律不齐11Sick sinussyndrome 病态窦房结综合征12Bigeminy二联律13Trigeminy三联律14Prematureventricularcontraction室性期前收缩15Prematureatrialcontraction房性期前收缩16Prematurejunctionalcontraction 交界性期前收缩17Paroxysmalsupraventriculartachycardia 阵发性室上性心动过速18Ventriculartachycardia室性心动过速19Nonparoxysmaltachycardia 非阵发性心动过速20Torsadedepointes 扭转性室性心动过速21Atrial flutter心房扑动22Atrialfibrillation心房颤动23Ventricularflutter心室扑动24Ventricularfibrillation心室颤动25Heart心脏传导阻滞block26Sinoatrial窦房传导阻滞block27Intra-atrial房内阻滞block28Atrioventric房室传导阻滞ular block29Wenckebach文氏现象phenomenon30Right bundle右束支阻滞branch block31Left bundle左束支阻滞branch block32Preexcitatio预激综合征n syndrome33Escape逸搏心律rhythm第三篇循环系统疾病第九章心脏瓣膜病部分英文音标名称1 Valvularheartdisease心脏瓣膜病2Rheumatic heartdisease风湿性心脏病3Mitralstenosis二尖瓣狭窄4Mitralinsufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全5Tricuspidstenosis三尖瓣狭窄6Tricuspid insufficiency 三尖瓣关闭不全7Aorticstenosis主动脉瓣狭窄8Aorticinsufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全9Pulmonary stenosis肺动脉瓣狭窄1 0Pulmonaryinsufficiency肺动脉瓣关闭不全1 1Cardiacmurmur心脏杂音1 2Diastolicmurmur舒张期杂音1 3Systolicmurmur收缩期杂音1 4Openingsnap开瓣音1 5Waterhammerpulse水冲脉1 6Capillarypulsation毛细血管搏动1 7Pistolshotsound枪击音18dyspnea呼吸困难19Orthpnea 端坐呼吸2 0hemoptysis咯血2 1echocardiography心脏超声第三篇循环系统疾病第十章感染性心内膜炎部分英文音标名称1 Infectiveendocarditis感染性心内炎2Subacutebacterialendocarditis 亚细菌性感染性心内炎3Staphylococcusaureus金葡菌4streptococcal链球菌的5Protheticvalvularendocarditis 假瓣膜心内膜炎6sterile无菌的7neutrophil嗜中性8complement补体9Heartmurmur心脏杂音10petechiae瘀点11Embolicphenomena栓子现象12vegetation赘生物13Valvularincompetence瓣膜关闭不全14Myocardial abscess心肌化脓15valve瓣膜16aortic主动脉的17Transientasymptomaticbacteremias 短暂的无症状菌血症18pathogeny发病机制19Tricuspidvalve三尖瓣20Pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣21Embolicinfarction栓塞22aneurysm动脉瘤23allergic过敏的24Sterileemboli无菌栓子25Valverupture瓣膜破裂26phlebitis静脉炎27septicemi败血症a28purulent脓的甲亢Cushing’s syndrome n.库欣综合症hyperplasia n.增生cortisol n.皮质醇metyrapone n.甲吡酮fludrocortisone n.氟氢可的松adrenalectomy n.肾上腺切除术adenoma n.腺瘤angiography n.血管造影术corticotropin n.促肾上腺皮质激素exophthalmos n.突眼simple exophthalmos infiltrating exophthalmos thyrortoxic crisis5’ termin al deiodinasen.单纯性突眼n.浸润性突眼n.甲状腺危象n.5’-脱碘酶慢性肾上腺皮质功能不全Addison’s disease n.阿狄森氏病tetracosactrin n.促皮质素amyloidosis n.淀粉样变histoplasmosis n.组织胞浆病hypopituitarism n.垂体机能减退hypotension n.低血压tachycardia n.心动过速mucosa n.粘膜corticosteroids n.皮质类固醇postural adj.体位性的原发性醛固酮增多症hyperaldosteronism n.醛固酮增多症rennin n.肾素glucocorticoid n.糖皮质激素spironolactone n.螺内酯cortisol n.皮质醇pneumogastric adj.迷走神经的aldosterone n.醛固酮nephrogenic n.肾原性的adenoma n.腺瘤dexamethasone n.地塞米松嗜铬细胞瘤pheochromocytoma n.嗜铬细胞瘤cerebrovascular adj.脑血管病的orthostatic adj.直立位的hypotension n.低血压oedema n.水肿pallor n.苍白catecholamine n.儿茶酚胺palpitation n.心悸Vanillyl mandelic acid ( VMA )n.香草基杏仁酸the sympatho-adrenomedullary system n.交感神经-肾上腺髓质系统糖尿病diabetes mellitus n.糖尿病polydipsia n.烦渴asymptomatic adj.无症状的arteriopathy n.动脉病变neuropathy n.神经病变intercurrent adj.并发的sulphonylurea n.磺脲类angina n.心绞痛polyuria n.多尿coma n.昏迷thiazide diuretics n.噻嗪类利尿剂microangiopathy n.微血管病变biguanides n.双胍类neuromuscular adj.神经肌肉的retinopathy n.视网膜病变ketoacidosis ( DKA )n.酮酸中毒nephropathy n.肾病hypoglycemia n.低血糖症uraemia n.尿毒症Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG )n.空腹血浆葡萄糖hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma n.高渗性非酮症酸昏迷oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT )n.口服葡萄糖耐量试验urine glucose n.尿糖Gestation Diabetic Mellitus n.妊娠糖尿病peripheral neuropathy n.周围神经autonomic neuropathy n.自主神经病变Type 1 diabetes mellitus Type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance n.1型糖尿病n.2型糖尿病n.胰岛素抵抗Macrovascular complications Microvascular complication Diabetes ketoacidosisn.大血管病变n.微血管病变n.糖尿病酮症酸中毒巨人症和肢端肥大症gigantism n.巨人症acromegaly n.肢端肥大症生长激素缺乏性侏儒症growth hormone deficiency dwarfish n.生长激素缺乏性侏儒症尿崩症diabetes insipidus n.尿崩症arginine vasopressin n.精氨酸加压素antidiuretic hormone n.抗利尿激素甲状腺功能减退症hypothyroidism n.甲状腺机能减退症thyroiditis n.甲状腺炎subacute thyroiditis n.亚急性甲状腺炎chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis n.慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进hyperparathyroidism n.原发性甲旁亢原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进hypoparathyroidism n.原发性甲旁减低血糖症insulinoma n.胰岛素瘤Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome n.胰岛素自身免疫综合症血液学常用英语单词表1.abdominal adj腹部的2.abundant adj.丰富的3.accelerated phase n.加速期4.activator n.激活剂5.acute adj急性的6.adenopathy n.淋巴结增大7.adhesion n.粘附8.adipose n.脂肪9.agglutination n.凝集10.aggregation n.聚集11.air hunger n.气短12.albumin n.白蛋白13.alkaline adj.碱性的14.allogeneic adj同种异体的15.alopecia n.脱发16.amniotic fluid羊水17.amyloidosis n.淀粉样变性18.analysis n.分析19.anemia n.贫血20.angina n.心绞痛，咽峡炎21.anisocytosis n.红细胞大小不等22.anorexia n厌食23.antibiotic n.抗生素24.antibody n.抗体25.antiemetic n.止吐药26.antigen n.抗原27.antithrombin-III n.抗凝血酶-III28.anxiety n.焦虑29.APL n.急性早幼粒细胞性白血病30.aplastic anemia n.再生障碍性贫血31.ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征32.arsenic trioxide n.亚砷酸33.ascorbic acid n.抗坏血酸34.asymptomatic adj无症状的35.atypical adj不典型的36.autoimmune adj自身免疫37.autologous adj.自体的38.axillary adj.腋窝的39.barrier n.屏障40.benzene n.苯41.bilirubin n.胆红素42.biopsy n.活检43.blast crisis n.原始细胞危象44.bleeding time n.出血时间45.blood film n.血涂片46.blood loss n.失血47.blurring of vision视物模糊48.bone marrow n.骨髓49.busulfan n.白消安50.candidiasis n.念珠菌病51.capillary n.毛细血管52.cardiac output n.心输出量53.case n.病例54.CBC complete blood coun全血细胞计数55.cerebrospinal fluid n.脑脊液56.cervical adj.颈部的57.chemotherapy n.化疗58.chloroma n.绿色瘤59.chromosomal adj.染色体的60.chromosome n.染色体61.chronic adj慢性的62.classification n.分类63.clinical presentation n.临床表现S n.中枢神经系统65.colchicine n.秋水仙碱a n.昏迷pensate v.代偿plement n.补体plication n.并发症ponent n.成分71.concentration n.浓度72.conjunctiva n.结膜73.consolidation n.巩固，实变74.consumption n.消耗75.contraindication n.禁忌症76.conventional adj.常规的77.criteria n.标准78.cryoprecipitate n.冷沉淀物79.curve n.曲线80.cyclophosphamide n.环磷酰胺81.cyclosporin n.环孢菌素82.cytogenetics n.细胞遗传学83.cytokine n.细胞因子84.cytomegalovirus n.巨细胞病毒85.cytoplasm n.细胞浆86.daunorubicin n.柔红霉素87.debility n.虚弱88.deficiency n.缺乏89.dehydrate v.脱水90.dehydrogenase n.脱氢酶91.depletion n.缺失92.deposition n.沉积93.dexamethasone n.地塞米松94.diagnosis n.诊断95.diaphoresis n.出汗96.differential diagnosis n.鉴别诊断97.differentiate v.分化98.disease-free survival n.无病生存99.disorder n.障碍100.dissociation n.解离101.distention n.膨胀102.distinguish v.区别103.dizziness n.头晕104.dosage n.剂量105.dry rale n.干罗音106.dullness n.浊音107.dyspnea n.呼吸困难108.edema n.水肿109.electrophoresis n.电泳110.embolism n.栓塞111.endothelial cell n.内皮细胞112.enlargement n.增大113.eosinophilia n.嗜酸粒细胞增多症114.episode n.发作115.epistaxis n.鼻衄116.eradication n.根除117.erythrocyte n.红细胞118.erythroleukemia n.红白血病119.erythropoietin n.促红细胞生成素120.essential adj.必需的121.esterase n.酯酶122.estrogen n.雌激素123.etiology n.病因124.evaluation n.评价125.excess n.adj过度的126.excessive adj过度的127.extramedullary adj髓外的128.fatigue n.乏力129.favism n.蚕豆病130.febrile n.发热131.ferritin n.铁蛋白132.ferrous sulfate n.硫酸亚铁133.fever n.发热134.fibrinogen n.纤维蛋白原135.fibrinolysis n.纤溶136.flatness n.实音137.flow cytometry n.流式细胞计数138.folate n.叶酸139.formation n.形成140.fusion n.融合141.gammopathy n.丙种球蛋白病142.gene n.基因143.general diet n.普食144.giant adj巨大的145.gingiva n.牙龈146.gingivitis n.牙龈炎147.gram-negative adj.革兰染色阴性148.granule n.颗粒149.granulocytopenia n.粒细胞减少150.headache n.头痛151.hemarthrosis n.关节积血152.hematocrit n.红细胞压积153.hematoma n.血肿154.hematopoiesis n.血细胞生成155.hematuria n.血尿156.hemocultule n.血培养157.hemoglobin n.血红蛋白158.hemoglobinopathy n血红蛋白病159.hemolysis n.溶血160.hemolytic crisis n.溶血危象161.hemolytic uremic溶血尿毒综合征syndrome162.hemoptysis n.咯血163.hemorrhage n.出血164.hemorrhoid n.痔165.hemostasis n.止血166.heparin n.肝素167.hepatitis n.肝炎168.hepatosplenomegaly n.肝脾大169.hereditary n.遗传性的170.herpes n.疱疹171.heterogeneous adj异质的172.histochemical adj.组织化学的173.histocyte n.组织细胞174.hospitalization n.住院175.humoral adj体液的176.hydroxyurea n.羟基脲177.hypercalcemia n.高钙血症178.hypermenorrhea n.月经过多179.hypersplenism n.脾功能亢进180.hyperuricemia n.高尿酸血症181.hyperviscosity n.高粘滞性182.hypoproliferative adj.低增生的183.hypovolemia n.低血容量184.hypoxia n.乏氧185.idiopathic adj特发性186.immature adj.不成熟的187.immune adj.免疫188.immunoglobulin n.免疫球蛋白189.immunosuppressive adj免疫抑制的190.incidence n.发病率191.induction n.诱导192.infarction n.梗塞193.infection n.感染194.infiltrate n.浸润195.inguinal adj.腹股沟的196.insecticide n.杀虫剂197.interstitial fluid n.组织间液198.intestine n.肠199.intracranial adj颅内的200.intrathecal adj.鞘内的201.intravascular adj血管内的202.intrinsic factor n.内因子203.involve v.累及204.iron n.铁205.irregular adj.不规则的206.irreversible adj.不可逆的207.ischemia n.缺血208.ischemic adj..缺血的209.jaundice n.黄疸210.kidney n.肾ctate n.乳酸盐212.lesion n.损害213.leukemia n.白血病214.leukocyte n.白细胞215.leukostasis n.白细胞淤滞216.lineage n.血统，系217.lymph node n.淋巴结218.lymphocyte n.淋巴细胞219.lymphoma n.淋巴瘤220.macrocytic adj大细胞的221.maintenance n.维持222.malaise n.不适223.malignant adj.恶性的224.marrow aspiration n.骨髓穿刺225.maturation n.成熟226.MCH mean cell红细胞平均血红蛋白量hemoglobin227.MCHC 红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度228.MCV mean cell volume平均红细胞体积229.mediastinal adj.纵隔的230.medical history n.病史231.megakaryocyte n.巨核细胞232.melphalan n.美法仑,苯丙酸氮芥233.meningeal adj脑膜的234.metabolic adj新陈代谢的235.metastasis n.转移236.methotrexate n.甲氨蝶呤237.methylprednisolone n.甲基强的松龙238.microcytic adj小细胞的239.microvascular adj微血管的d adj.轻度的241.moderate adj中度的242.moist rale n.湿罗音243.monitor n.监护244.monocyte n.单核细胞245.Morphology n.形态学246.mucositis n.粘膜炎247.mucous membrane n.粘膜248.murmur n.杂音249.myeloblast n.原粒细胞250.myelofibrosis n.骨髓纤维化251.myeloid adj.髓样的252.myeloperoxidase n.髓过氧化物酶253.nail bed n.甲床254.nasopharynx n..鼻咽255.necrocytosis n.细胞坏死256.neuropathy n.神经病257.neutropenia n.中性粒细胞减少症258.night sweats n.盗汗259.normochromic adj正色素的260.normocytic adj正细胞的261.nucleated RBC n.有核红细胞262.nucleolus n.核仁263.nucleus n.细胞核264.obstruction n.梗阻265.oliguria n.少尿266.oncology n.肿瘤学267.optimal adj.最佳的268.orbit n.眶269.osteoclast n.破骨细胞270.osteopenia n.骨质疏松271.ovary n.卵巢272.overt adj.明显的273.oxygen n.氧274.packed adj.浓缩的275.pallor n.苍白276.palmar creases n.手掌皱褶277.palpitation n.心悸278.patial thromboplastin time部分凝血活酶时间279.pelvis n.骨盆280.peripheral adj.外周的，周围的281.pernicious anemia n.恶性贫血282.peroxidase n.过氧化物酶283.petechiae n.瘀点284.phosphatase n.磷酸酶285.physical examination n.体格检查286.placental abruption胎盘早剥287.plasma n.血浆288.plasmacytoma n.浆细胞瘤289.plasmapheresis n.血浆置换290.plasminogen n.纤溶酶原291.platelet n.血小板292.pluripotent adj多潜能的293.poikilocytosis n.异型红细胞症294.polycythemia vera n.真性红细胞增多症295.polysaccharide-iron n.多糖铁296.positive adj.阳性的297.postural hypotension n.体位性低血压298.precursor n.祖细胞299.prednisone n.强的松300.primary adj原发的301.primitive adj原始的302.prodrome n.前驱症状303.prognosis n.预后304.proliferate v.增生305.prolongation n.延长306.promyelocyte n.早幼粒细胞307.prophylaxis n.预防308.prothrombin time n.凝血酶原时间309.protocol n.原始记录310.purge v.净化311.purpura n.紫癜312.pyrexia n.发热313.rale n.罗音314.rash n.疹315.recover n.恢复316.reduction n.减少，还原317.refractory adj.难治的318.registration n.挂号319.relapse v.复发320.remission n.缓解321.remove v.去除322.renal adj.肾脏的323.renal failure n.肾功衰竭324.reticulocyte n.网织红细胞325.reticuloendothelial adj.网状内皮的326.retinoic acid n.维甲酸327.rheumatoid arthritis n.类风湿性关节炎328.rigor n.寒战329.rouleau adj缗钱状的330.routine adj.常规的331.rubella n.风疹332.sarcoidosis n.结节病333.secondary adj.继发的334.secrete v.分泌335.sedimentation n.沉降336.septicemia n.败血症337.sequela n.后遗症338.serum n.血清339.severity n.严重340.shock n.休克341.sickle cell n.镰刀型红细胞342.skull n.头颅343.spleen n.脾344.splenectomy n.脾切除术345.splenomegaly n.脾大346.spontaneous adj自发的347.stain n.染色348.stem cell n.干细胞349.sternal adj.胸骨的350.stethoscope n.听诊器351.subsequent visit n.复诊352.sufficient adj足够的353.susceptibility n.易感性354.symptom n.症状355.syncope n.晕厥356.synthesis n.合成357.tachycardia n.心动过速358.telangiectasis n.毛细血管扩张359.tendency n.倾向360.tenderness n.压痛361.terminal adj终末的362.testis n.睾丸363.thalassemia n.地中海贫血364.thrombin time凝血酶时间365.thrombocytopenia血小板减少症366.thrombus n.血栓367.tinnitus n耳鸣368.tolerate v.忍受369.toxemia n.毒血症370.transfusion n.输血法371.translocation n.易位372.treatment n.治疗373.tyrosine n酪氨酸374.uniform adj.一致的375.urine n.尿376.urokinase n.尿激酶377.vasculitis n.血管炎，脉管炎378.venipuncture n.静脉穿刺379.vessel wall n血管壁380.vincristine n.长春新碱381.weight loss n.体重下降泌尿内科第一章总论glomerulus 肾小球urea 尿素creatinine 肌酐renin 肾素erythropoietin 促红细胞生成素nephritic 肾炎的nephrotic 肾病的hematuria . 血尿proteinuria 蛋白尿edema 水肿hypoalbuminemia 低白蛋白血症cast 管型efferent 出球的afferent 入球的nephron 肾单位第二章肾小球疾病概述glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎membranous 肾病mesangial 系膜的crescentic 新月体的第三章肾小球肾炎oliguria 少尿crescent 新月体methylprednisolone 甲基强地松龙cyclophosphamide 环磷酰胺dialysis 透析latent 隐匿的asymptomatic 无症状的第四章肾病综合征glomerulosclerosis 肾小球硬化purpura 紫癜lupus 狼疮diabetic 糖尿病的amyloidosis 淀粉样变myeloma 骨髓瘤hyperlipidemia 高脂血症thiazide 噻嗪类第五章IgA肾病macroscopic 肉眼的第六章间质性肾炎interstitial 间质的glycosuria 糖尿hyperuricemia . 高尿酸血症第七章尿路感染urinary 泌尿的pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎cystitis 膀胱炎micturition 排尿bacteriuria 菌尿leukocyturia . 白细胞尿pyuria 脓尿pyeloureterography 肾盂输尿管造影urethra 尿道第八章肾小管疾病acidosis 酸中毒hyperchloremia 高氯血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症第九章肾血管疾病ischemic 缺血的benign 良性的malignant 恶性的nephrosclerosis 肾硬化第十章急性肾衰竭anuria 无尿hyperkalemia 高钾血症polyuria . 多尿第十一章慢性肾衰竭azotemia 氮质血症uremia 尿毒症polycystic . 多囊的hypermagnesemia 高镁血症ostitis 骨炎osteomalacia 骨软化症osteoporosis 骨质疏松osteosclerosis 骨硬化症hemodialysis 血液透析诊断学部分（呼吸系统）第二章一般检查第一节全身状态检查sex 性别age 年龄vital 生命征temperature 温度respiratory 呼吸development 发育cachexia 恶病质Obesity 肥胖consciousness 意识tone 语调V oice 语态Position 体位expression 表情posture 姿势Gait 步态disturbance 紊乱，干扰facial 面部的active 积极的,主动的passive 被动的waddle 蹒跚而行ataxic 共济失调的, 混乱的festination 慌张步伐claudication 跛行第二节皮肤eruption 出疹Pallor 苍白Redness 发红Cyanosis 发绀Pigmentation 色素沉着leukoplakia 白斑moisture 湿度Elasticity 弹性papules 丘疹urticaria 荨麻疹petechia 瘀点Ecchymosis 瘀斑Purpura 紫癜Hematoma 血肿edema 水肿scar 瘢痕roseola 玫瑰疹maculopapule 斑丘疹desquamation 脱落, 剥离angioma 血管瘤, 血管肿subcutaneous 皮下的, 皮下用的microcephalous 畸形小头人的reflex 反射的, rosacea 红斑痤疮teeth 牙齿pharynx 咽parotid 腮腺第三章头部第一节头发和头皮hair 毛发、头发scalp 头皮第二节头颅skull 头颅oxycephaly 尖颅第三节颜面及其器官eyebrow 眼眉conjunctiva 结膜eyeball 眼球exophthalmos 眼球突出sclera 巩膜cornea 角膜pupil 瞳孔visual 视力Auricle 耳廓Mastoid 乳突Epistaxis 鼻出血Tongue 舌Thirst 渴感第四章颈部Larynx 喉Torticollis 斜颈Thyroid 甲状腺第五章胸部第一节胸部的体表标志xiphoid 剑突rib 肋骨scapula 肩胛骨manubrium 柄,柄状突起sternal 胸骨的parasternum 旁胸骨scapular 肩胛,肩胛的axillary 腋窝的visceral 内脏的parietal 体壁的, 腔壁的第二节胸壁、胸廓与乳房breast 乳房nipple 乳头consistency 硬度barrel 桶rachitic 佝偻病的mobility 活动性第三节肺和胸膜size 大小Elasticity 弹性Symmetry 对称性Contour 外形Location 部位Crepitation 捻发音Tachypnea 呼吸促迫, 呼吸急促Bradypnoea 呼吸迟缓Fremitus 震颤Tactile 触觉的Fremitus 震颤Moist 潮湿的Bubble 泡, 起泡Rhonchus 鼾音症状学部分第一节发热pyrogen n.热原质，致热源fever n.发热，热balance n.天平，平衡exogenous a.外生的，外源的endogenous a.内生的，内源的leukocyte n.白细胞interleukin interferon n.白介素n.干扰素TNF n.肿瘤坏死因子setpoint n.调定点infective a.传染性的，感染性的dehydration n.脱水，失水autonomic a.自主的，自律的disorder n.混乱，障碍，失控crisis n.危机，危象，骤降，极期lysis a.溶解，分解，消退，消散continuous a.连续不断的，持续的remittent a.缓解的，驰张的intermittent a.间歇的，周期的undulant a.波动的，波状的recurrent a.再发的，复发的，回归的irregular a.不齐的，不规则的antibiotic a.抗菌的，抗生的n.抗菌素rigor n.寒战，强直，僵硬第二节皮肤粘膜出血mucosa n.粘膜hemorrhage n. , vi出血heritage n.继承物，传统，遗产coagulation n.凝结，凝固thrombasthenia n.血小板无力症thrombopathy n.血小板病thrombase n.凝血酶fibrinogen fibrinolysis menorrhea menstrualn.纤维蛋白原n.纤维蛋白溶解n.行经，月经，月经过多a.月经的第三节水肿edema n.水肿osmolality n.渗克分子浓度albumin n.白蛋白，清蛋白anasarca reabsorb n.全身水肿vi , vt重吸收rennin angiotensin aldosterone prostaglandin nutrition myxedema idiopathicn.肾素n.血管紧张素n.醛固酮n.前列腺素n.营养，营养品n.粘液水肿a.自发的，特发的第四节咳嗽与咳痰cough vi.咳嗽vt.咳出n.咳嗽reflex n.反射a.反射的sputum expectorationn.痰，唾沫（sputua 复数）n.咳出痰（物），痰第五节咯血hemoptysis n.咯血throat n.咽，喉，咽喉alkalotic n.碱中毒的acidic a.酸的，酸性的第六节胸痛chest pain n.胸痛threshold n.界限，阈radiating pain n.发射痛temporarily ad.暂时地persistent a.持续的第七节发绀cyanosis n.发绀，青紫analogue n.类似物saturation n.饱和central a.中央的，中心的，主要的peripheral a.外周的，周围的，末梢的Raynaud disease n.雷诺氏病第八节呼吸困难dyspnea inspiration dyspnea expiration dyspnea sighing dyspnea nocturnal dyspnea n.呼吸困难n.吸气性呼吸困难n.呼气性呼吸困难n.叹气性呼吸困难n.夜间呼吸困难frequence n.次数，频率depth n.深度，深rhythm n.节奏，节律inspiratory a.吸入的，吸气的expiratory orthopnea toxic a.呼气的n.端座呼吸a.有毒的，中毒的Kussaul respiration n.酸中毒大呼吸第九节心悸palpitation n.心悸cardiac asthma n.心源性哮喘第十节恶心与呕吐nausea n.恶心vomiting n.呕吐projective vomiting n.喷射性呕吐hysterical vomiting n.癔病性呕吐bilious vomiting n.胆汁性呕吐vomiting center n.呕吐中心第十一节呕血hematemesis n.吐血, 咯血hematin n.血红蛋白jaundice n.黄疸第十二节便血hematochezia n.便血melena n.黑便occult blood n.隐血tarry stool n.柏油便第十三节腹痛abdominal pain n.腹痛tenesmus n.里急后重acute abdominal pain n.急性腹痛chronic abdominal pain n.慢性腹痛epigastric pain n.上腹痛diffuse pain n.弥漫性痛rebound pain n.反跳痛第十四节腹泻diarrhea n.腹泻bacterial diarrhea n.细菌性腹泻osmotic diarrhea n.渗透性腹泻viral diarrhea n.病毒性腹泻nervous diarrhea n.神经性腹泻inflammatory diarrhea n.感染性腹泻secretory diarrhea n.分泌性腹泻第十五节便秘constipation n.便秘acute constipation n.急性便秘chronic constipation n.慢性便秘functional constipation n.功能性便秘第十六节黄疸nuclear jaundice n.核黄疸hemolylic jaundice n.溶血性黄疸obstructive jaundice n.梗阻性黄疸hepatocellular jaundice n.肝细胞性黄疸cholestatic n.胆汁淤滞性黄疸bilirubin n.胆红素conjugated bilirubin n.结合胆红素unconjugated bilirubin n.非结合胆红素hemoglobinuria n.血红蛋白尿urobilinogen n.尿胆原urobilin n.尿胆素stercobilinogen n.粪胆原stercobilin n.粪胆素第十七节腰背痛lumbodorsalgia n.腰背痛polymyalgia rheumatica n.风湿性多肌痛referred pain n.牵涉痛radiculalgia pain n.神经根痛deep pain n.深部痛radiculopaty n.神经根病spondylopathy n.脊柱病splanchnopathy n.内脏病myospasm n.肌肉痉挛第十八节关节痛arthralgia n.关节痛ossification n.骨化fibrosis n.纤维化swelling n.肿胀empyema n.积脓deformity n.变形arthritis n.关节炎第十九节血尿hematuria n.血尿microscopic hematuria n.显微镜尿macroscopic hematuria n.肉眼血尿functional hematuria n.功能性血尿glomerular hematuria n.肾小球性血尿vesical hematuria n.膀胱性血尿第二十节尿频、尿急与尿痛frequent micturition n.尿频urgent micturition n.尿急dysuria urodynia n.尿痛neurogenic bladder n.神经源性膀胱urethrostenosis n.尿路狭窄dysuria n.排尿困难vesical trigone n.膀胱三角区第二十节少尿与多尿oliguria n.少尿polyuria n.多尿miction n.排尿diuretic n.利尿剂antidiuretic hormone n.抗利尿激素diabetes insipidus n.尿崩症glucosuria n.葡萄糖尿polydipsia n.烦渴polyphagia n.多食emaciation 第二十二节头n.消瘦痛headache n.头痛megrim n.偏头痛 neurosiscluster headache n.神经官能症 n.丛集性头痛 projectile vomiting n.喷射性呕吐 visual disturbance n.视力障碍 impulsivity n.搏动性 papilledema n.视乳头水肿 smarting pain n.刺痛 cervicodynian.颈痛第二十三节 眩晕dizziness vertigo n.眩晕 tinnitusn.耳鸣 hard-of-hearing n.听力减退 nystagmus n.眼球震颤 car-sick n.晕车 ametropia n.屈光不正 dystaxian.共济失调 ophthalmoplegia n.眼肌麻痹 numbnessn.麻木 faint第二十四节 晕厥n.晕厥syncopen.昏厥postural hypotension n.体位性低血压 agrypnian.失眠 unconsciousness n.意识丧失vasovagal syncope n.血管迷走神经性晕厥 carotid sinus syncope n.颈动脉窦晕厥 inertia n.乏力 tetanyn.手足搐搦第二十五节 抽搐与惊厥ticn.抽搐 convulsion n.惊厥 rigor n.强直 clonus n.阵挛 epilepsy n.癫痫 myosalgia n.肌痛 hysteria n.癔症 spasm n.痉挛 eclampsian.子痫第二十六节意识障碍disturbance of consciousness n.意识障碍somnolence n.嗜睡confusion coma stupor delirium ischemia hallucination anoxia n.意识模糊n.昏迷n.昏睡n.谵妄n.缺血n.幻觉n.缺氧。
内科学专业英语
内科学专业英语In the realm of medical education, Internal Medicine stands as a pivotal discipline, encompassing a breadth of knowledge and skills essential for diagnosing and managing diseases affecting adults. As the field continues to evolve, the language of Internal Medicine has also expanded, necessitating a proficiency in both general medical English and specialized terminology. This fusion of general and specialized language is crucial for effective communication among healthcare providers, ensuring that patients receive the best possible care.The foundation of Internal Medicine lies in a solid understanding of basic medical sciences, including anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology. This knowledge is further augmented by a deep dive into the intricacies of internal diseases, their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment modalities. The language of Internal Medicine is thus a blend of basic medical terminology and specialized vocabulary, reflecting the unique challenges and complexities of diagnosing and managing internal disorders.Effective communication in Internal Medicine requires a mastery of both medical English and specialty-specific terminology. Medical English, being the lingua franca of global healthcare, facilitates the exchange of ideas and information among healthcare providers across borders. Specialty-specific terminology, on the other hand, ensures precision and accuracy in diagnosing and treating patients, as it captures the nuances and subtleties of internal diseases.The importance of Internal Medicine terminology cannot be overstated. Accurate diagnosis, for instance, hinges on a healthcare provider's ability to recognize and interpret the signs and symptoms presented by a patient. This requires a thorough understanding of Internal Medicine terminology, enabling providers to quickly and accurately identify the underlying condition. Similarly, effective treatment relies on a provider's familiarity with thelatest evidence-based guidelines and therapies, which are often communicated using specialized terminology.In addition to clinical practice, Internal Medicine terminology also plays a crucial role in research andeducation. The development of new therapies and treatment strategies hinges on the ability of researchers to communicate their findings using a common language. Similarly, medical students and residents rely on Internal Medicine terminology to gain a fundamental understanding of diseases and their management.In conclusion, Internal Medicine terminology is a vital component of effective healthcare delivery. It serves as a bridge between general medical English and specialized knowledge, facilitating communication and collaboration among healthcare providers. As the field of Internal Medicine continues to progress, so must our proficiency in its language, ensuring that we are equipped to diagnose and treat the diseases of tomorrow.**内科学专业英语：沟通之桥**在医学教育领域，内科学是一门至关重要的学科，涵盖了诊断和治疗成人疾病的广泛知识和技能。
中医内科专业英语术语
中医内科专业英语术语Chinese Medicine Internal Medicine Terminology.1. Basic Principles of Chinese Medicine.Yin and Yang: The fundamental opposing forces in nature, representing opposite yet complementary aspects of all phenomena. In health, the body maintains a dynamic balance between Yin and Yang.Qi (Chi): The vital energy that flows throughout the body, maintaining life and promoting all bodily functions.Five Elements: A philosophical system representing interactions among Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water, which correspond to different bodily organs and functions.2. Diagnostic Methods.Four Diagnostic Methods: Inspection, auscultation andolfaction, inquiry, and palpation, used to gather information about a patient's condition.Tongue Diagnosis: Evaluation of the tongue's color, shape, coating, and other characteristics to assess a patient's health status.Pulse Diagnosis: Feeling the pulse at specific locations on the wrist to detect abnormalities in the flow of Qi and blood.3. Internal Medicine Conditions.Qi Deficiency: A condition characterized by a lack of vital energy, manifesting as fatigue, weakness, and a tendency to illness.Blood Deficiency: A condition where there is a lack of nourishment to the body, leading to paleness, dizziness, and other symptoms.Yang Deficiency: A condition in which the warming andprotective aspect of Qi is deficient, manifesting as cold symptoms, fatigue, and a weakened immune system.Yin Deficiency: A condition in which the nourishingand moisturizing aspect of Qi is deficient, causing dryness, heat symptoms, and possible impaired cognitive function.4. Therapeutic Principles and Methods.Syndrome Differentiation: The process of diagnosing a patient based on their symptoms, signs, and overall condition, to determine the underlying cause of their illness.Herbal Medicine: The use of plants and other natural substances to correct imbalances in the body and treat disease.Acupuncture: The insertion of fine needles at specific points on the body to stimulate the flow of Qi and调和气血.Moxibustion: The burning of mugwort on specificacupoints to warm meridians, disperse cold, and promote the flow of Qi and blood.5. Common Conditions and Their Treatment.Digestive Disorders: Conditions affecting the gastrointestinal system, such as indigestion, diarrhea, and constipation, are commonly treated with herbal formulasthat harmonize the Spleen and Stomach functions.Respiratory Disorders: Conditions like asthma, bronchitis, and cough are often treated with herbs that nourish the Lungs and disperse Lung Qi stagnation.Cardiovascular Disorders: Conditions affecting the heart, such as angina and arrhythmias, are treated with herbs that nourish the Heart and regulate blood flow.Emotional Disorders: Conditions like anxiety, depression, and insomnia are often addressed with herbsthat nourish the Heart and Liver, and harmonize the Spirit.6. Conclusion.The terminology of Chinese Medicine Internal Medicineis vast and deep, reflecting a complex yet harmonious understanding of the human body and its relationship to the universe. The principles of Yin and Yang, the Five Elements, and the flow of Qi through the meridians underlie all diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The art of diagnosing and treating patients requires a profound knowledge ofthese principles, as well as a keen observation of the patient's condition and response to treatment. The use of herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion are just afew of the tools employed by Chinese Medicine practitioners to restore balance and promote health in their patients.。
内科英语知识点考试总结
内科英语知识点考试总结The field of internal medicine covers a wide range of diseases and conditions that affect the internal organs of the body. As a result, there are many important knowledge points that internal medicine doctors need to understand and remember in order to diagnose and treat their patients effectively. In this summary, we will review some of the key knowledge points that are commonly tested in internal medicine exams.1. Cardiovascular DiseasesCardiovascular diseases are some of the most common and deadly conditions that internal medicine doctors encounter. Knowledge of cardiovascular diseases is therefore crucial for any doctor in this field. Some important cardiovascular diseases to know about include:- Coronary artery disease- Heart failure- Hypertension- Arrhythmias- Valvular heart disease- Myocardial infarctionIn addition to understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions, it is also important for doctors to be able to interpret ECGs and other cardiac imaging studies.2. Pulmonary DiseasesKnowledge of pulmonary diseases is also critical for internal medicine doctors. Some key pulmonary diseases that doctors should be familiar with include:- Asthma- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)- Pulmonary embolism- Pneumonia- Lung cancerIn addition to understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions, it is important for doctors to be able to interpret pulmonary function tests and chest imaging studies.3. Gastrointestinal DiseasesGastrointestinal diseases are also commonly encountered in the field of internal medicine. Some important gastrointestinal diseases to know about include:- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)- Peptic ulcer disease- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)- Hepatitis- Cirrhosis- PancreatitisIn addition to understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions, it is important for doctors to be able to interpret endoscopic studies and imaging of the abdomen.4. Endocrine DiseasesEndocrine diseases are another important area of knowledge for internal medicine doctors. Some key endocrine diseases to be familiar with include:- Diabetes mellitus- Thyroid disorders- Adrenal disorders- Pituitary disorders- Parathyroid disordersIn addition to understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions, it is important for doctors to be able to interpret hormone tests and imaging studies of the endocrine glands.5. Renal DiseasesUnderstanding renal diseases is also critical for internal medicine doctors. Some key renal diseases to be familiar with include:- Acute kidney injury- Chronic kidney disease- Nephrotic syndrome- Nephritic syndrome- Renal calculi- GlomerulonephritisIn addition to understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions, it is important for doctors to be able to interpret renal function tests and imaging studies of the kidneys.6. Infectious DiseasesInfectious diseases are a common reason for patients to seek medical care, and it is therefore important for internal medicine doctors to be familiar with them. Some important infectious diseases to know about include:- Upper respiratory tract infections- Lower respiratory tract infections- Urinary tract infections- Skin and soft tissue infections- Sepsis- Sexually transmitted infectionsIn addition to understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions, it is important for doctors to be able to interpret microbiological tests and imaging studies of the affected areas.7. Hematologic DiseasesHematologic diseases are another important area of knowledge for internal medicine doctors. Some key hematologic diseases to be familiar with include:- Anemia- Thrombocytopenia- Leukemia- Lymphoma- Hemophilia- Thrombotic disordersIn addition to understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions, it is important for doctors to be able to interpret hematologic tests and imaging studies of the blood and bone marrow.8. Rheumatologic DiseasesRheumatologic diseases are also commonly encountered in the field of internal medicine. Some important rheumatologic diseases to know about include:- Rheumatoid arthritis- Systemic lupus erythematosus- Sjogren's syndrome- Scleroderma- Polymyalgia rheumatica- Giant cell arteritisIn addition to understanding the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of these conditions, it is important for doctors to be able to interpret rheumatologic tests and imaging studies of the affected joints and tissues.In addition to understanding these specific diseases, internal medicine doctors also need to have a good understanding of general medical knowledge, including pharmacology, ethics, and communication skills. Passing an internal medicine exam requires a thorough understanding of these knowledge points and the ability to apply them in clinical practice. It is therefore important for doctors to study and review these knowledge points regularly in order to maintain their expertise in this field.。
专升本《内科学》考试大纲
《内科学》考试大纲一、呼吸系统1.总论掌握：呼吸系统疾病的主要治疗方法：抗感染（常用药物、应用原则）、氧气治疗、祛痰镇咳、解除支气管痉挛2.慢性支气管炎掌握：（1）概念；（2）主要临床表现、分型和分期；（3）诊断标准3.慢性阻塞性肺气肿掌握：（1）概念；（2）临床症状和体征；（3）常见并发症4.慢性肺源性心脏病掌握：（1）病因；（2）肺动脉高压形成的发生机制；（3）临床表现；（4）心肺功能失代偿期的治疗5.支气管哮喘掌握：（1）概念；（2）哮喘严重发作的诱发因素、重度发作和危重状态的临床表现；（3）哮喘的治疗目标和常用药物分类；（4）哮喘严重发作的抢救6.呼吸衰竭掌握：（1）呼吸衰竭的概念和分类（按病程分类、按动脉血气分类）；（2）慢性呼吸衰竭的临床表现；（3）慢性呼吸衰竭的治疗7.肺炎掌握：（1）社区获得性肺炎和医院获得性肺炎的概念；（2）肺炎球菌性肺炎的常见并发症；（3）休克型肺炎的治疗；（4）肺炎（肺炎球菌性肺炎、军团菌肺炎、支原体肺炎、葡萄球菌肺炎）的抗菌素选择8.肺结核掌握：（1）感染途径；（2）肺结核病理的基本病变和播散途径；（3）结核菌感染和肺结核的发生发展（即临床分型）；（4）临床表现；（5）诊断方法；（6）化疗原则和常用药物（异烟腓、利福平、链霉素、毗嗪酰胺、乙胺丁醇、对氨基水杨酸）二、循环系统1.总论掌握：心血管疾病诊断要求，包括：病因诊断、病理解剖诊断、病理生理诊断、心功能诊断（心功能分级）、并发症诊断2.心力衰竭掌握：（1）慢性心力衰竭的基本病因和诱因；（2）左心衰和右心衰的主要临床表现；（3）慢性心力衰竭的治疗原则及治疗措施；（4）急性心力衰竭的抢救措施3.心律失常掌握：（1）心律失常的分类（发病机制分类、治疗学分类）；（2）心律失常的治疗手段（病因治疗、药物治疗、电学治疗、手术治疗）；（3）心房颤动（病因、临床表现、心电图特征、治疗要点）4.原发性高血压掌握：（1）概念；（2）临床表现和特殊类型高血压；（3）鉴别诊断；（4）治疗要点（一般治疗、药物治疗、危重症处理）和用药原则5.冠心病掌握：（1）主要危险因素；（2）冠心病分型；（3）心绞痛（临床表现、发作时心电图表现、分型诊断、治疗）；（4）急性心肌梗塞（主要病因、临床表现、血清心肌酶学和心电图改变、诊断标准和诊断步骤、鉴别诊断要点、常见并发症、治疗措施）三、消化系统1.胃食管反流病掌握：（1）胃食管反流病和Barrett食管的概念；（2）临床表现；（3）治疗原则2.慢性胃炎掌握：（1）常见病因（幽门螺杆菌感染等）；（2）临床分类和病理分型3.消化性溃疡掌握：（1）发病机制；（2）临床特点和特殊类型的溃疡；（3）鉴别诊断；（4）常见并发症；（5）治疗4.肝硬化掌握：（1）病因；（2）失代偿期的临床表现；（3）常见并发症；（4）治疗（腹水的治疗和继发感染的抗生素使用原则）5.原发性肝癌掌握：（1）分类（按大体形态分类、按细胞分型）；（2）常见转移途径；（3）临床表现；（4）甲胎蛋白检测、超声显像和CT的诊断价值；（5）主要的鉴别诊断；（6）主要治疗手段6.肝性脑病掌握：（1）常见诱因；（2）发病机制的几个主要学说；（3）临床表现及分期；（4）治疗7.急性胰腺炎掌握：（1）常见病因；（2）临床表现（特别是重症胰腺炎的表现）和常见并发症；（3）淀粉酶、脂肪酶、B超和CT在急性胰腺炎诊断中的价值；（4）治疗8.溃疡性结肠炎掌握：（1）概念；（2）主要病理学特点；（3）临床表现和常见并发症；（4）治疗原则和常用药物9.上消化道出血掌握：（1）概念；（2）常见原因；（3）临床表现；（4）诊断思路（诊断与鉴别诊断）；（5）治疗要点四、泌尿系统1、肾小球疾病掌握：（1）原发性肾小球疾病的分型；（2）肾病综合征（病因分类、病理生理、常见并发症、治疗目的）2.尿路感染掌握：（1）概念；（2）常见的致病菌、细菌入侵途径、机体易感因素；（3）临床表现；（4）尿常规检查和尿细菌检查的意义；（5）主要的鉴别诊断要点；（6）急性肾盂肾炎的抗菌治疗方法及疗程3.慢性肾功能衰竭掌握：（1）概念和临床分期；（2）发病机制的主要学说；（3）主要的临床表现；（4）治疗要点、血液净化的类型、高钾血症的处理措施五、造血系统1.贫血掌握：（1）概念和分类；（2）临床表现；（3）缺铁性贫血（病因、常用的实验室指标、治疗要点和铁剂补充的注意事项）2.白血病掌握：（1）白血病的概念和临床分类；（2）急性白血病（分型、临床表现、血象和骨髓象特点、支持治疗、化疗原则和常用方案）3.出血性疾病掌握：（1）出血性疾病分类；（2）弥漫性血管内凝血（概念、常见病因、病理和病理生理、临床表现、诊断标准、治疗）六、内分泌和代谢性系统1.总论掌握：内分泌疾病的诊断原则（病因诊断、病理诊断即定性和定位诊断、功能诊断）2.弥漫性甲状腺功能亢进症掌握：（1）临床表现；（2）抗甲状腺药物治疗的适应证、禁忌证、治疗方法、不良反应、停药指征；（3）手术治疗的适应证和禁忌证；（4）甲亢危象的治疗3.糖尿病掌握：（1）1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病发病机制的主要区别点；（2）糖尿病的临床表现和常见并发症；（3）诊断标准（1997年）和诊断要点；（4）治疗；（5）糖尿病酮症酸中毒（诱因、临床表现、治疗）七、风湿性疾病1.系统性红斑狼疮掌握：（1）临床表现；（2）自身抗体八、神经系统1.脑出血掌握：（1）常见病因；（2）临床表现；（3）诊断要点；（4）急性期治疗。
内科学考试大纲
内科学教学大纲（临床医学、精神卫生、临床病理、心理，108学时）绪论（Generalintroduction）一、课程说明学时：1二、课程教学的目的与任务了解内科学在临床医学中的地位，了解内科学的范围、内容和学习方法。
了解内科疾病的诊断方法，内科学进展，医学模式的转变。
三、课程教学的基本内容及学时分配内科学的学习方法：内科学的范围、内容、在临床医学中的地位和学习方法；内科疾病的诊断：详细地询问病史，系统地体格检查和必要的实验室及其他检查，以后病情发展的验证；内科学的进展：我国内科学近年的成就，病因和发病机理方面，诊断技术方面，治疗和预防方面，医学模式的转变，中西医结合方面。
四、教学方法1、利用多媒体课件辅助教学，配合板书；2、典型心血管系统疾病病人照片幻灯示教，增强感性认识。
五、考核及成绩评定方式笔试六、教材及参考书目（一）教材陆再英、钟南山主编《内科学》第7版，，人民卫生出版社出版（二）主要参考书目1、医学本科教材《病理生理学》、《生物化学》、《诊断学》。
2、医学本科教材《病理学》《内科学》心血管系统疾病（InternalMedicine-CardiovascularDiseases）一、课程说明课程编号：总学时：23学时学时分配：课堂讲授23学时适用专业：5年制临床医学、精神卫生、临床病理、心理课程类型：考试二、课程教学的目的与任务心血管内科学是内科学中一个重要的专业学科，与生命的关系最为直接。
心血管系统疾病在内科疾病中发病率和死亡率最高，同时与其他系统疾病密切联系和互相影响。
心血管内科学的教学任务和目的是使学生熟悉和掌握心血管内科常见病和多发病的病因和发病机理、临床表现、诊断和鉴别诊断方法、防治原则和措施。
为学生从事临床医学工作或医学基础研究打下良好的基础。
心血管内科学教学分为课堂系统授课和临床见习实习两个阶段。
授课学时、内容、重点和难点按照教学大纲要求部署安排。
实习阶段通过参加临床诊疗实践活动，深入的了解和认识疾病，培养科学的临床思维方式方法，逐步学会独立处理疾病，并着重培养与病人交流的方法和技巧，不断提高医务人员的职业道德素质和临床工作能力。
内科学考试大纲.doc
《内科学》考试大纲课程编号:01010010课程名称：内科学(Medicine)学分：1]总学时：198学时理论学时：99学时见习学时：99学时适应专业：临床医学五年制本科一、课程在培养方案中的地位、目的和任务内科学是临床医学教学中极为重要的一门学科，它不仅是临床医学各科的基础，而且与临床各科存在密不可分的联系，是学好临床医学的关键。
该课程通过对呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病、消化系统疾病、泌尿系统疾病、血液系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病、代谢疾病和营养疾病、结缔组织病和风湿性疾病以及理化因素所致疾病的病因和发病机制、临床表现、实验室和其他辅助检查、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗以及预防的讲授；结合常见病、多发病的临床病例进行重点讲解及讨论；以及大量临床见习的结合。
提高学生内科学的理论水平，发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力, 较扎实地掌握内科学的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能。
最终能独立防治常见病和多发病，促进相关临床学科的学习。
本门课程考试要求由低到高共分为“了解”、“”、掌握“三个层矢其含义为：了解，指学生能懂所学知识，能在有关问题中认识或再现它们，例如疾病的病因病理。
，指学生清楚地理解所学知识（例如疾病的临床表现、诊断标准、治疗原则等），并在各种临床见习以及病案分析中正确应用所学知识，得出较正确的诊断和治疗。
掌握，指学生能较为深刻理解所学知识（例如常见病、多发病的临床表现、诊断和治疗），在此基础上能够准确、熟练地使用，分析解决较为实际的问题。
二、考试内容第一篇绪论［目的要求］1.内科学的方法。
2・内科学的发展。
第二篇呼吸系统第一章总论［目的要求］1 •呼吸系统疾病的诊断。
第三章慢性阻塞性肺疾病第一节慢性支气管炎［目的要求］1•慢支的定义，临床表现（主要症状特点）、诊断（症状+时间）、鉴别诊断及治疗原则（急性加重期，缓解期）。
2・病因。
第二节慢性阻塞性肺疾病［目的要求］1.C0PD的定义，临床表现（症状，体征）、诊断和严重程度评估、鉴别诊断及治疗原则（稳定期和急性加重期）。
最新内科英文复习呼吸资料
[名词解释]Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)，是一种具有气流受限特征的可以预防和治疗的疾病，气流受限不完全可逆、进行性发展，与肺部对香烟烟雾等有害气体或有害颗粒的异常炎症反应有关。
COPD主要累及肺脏，但也可引起全身(或称肺外)的不良反应。
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease with some significant extrapulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in individual patients. Its pulmonary component is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. The airflow limitation is usually progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases.Horner综合征:肺尖部肺癌又称肺上钩瘤(Pancoast瘤)，易压迫颈部交感神经，引起病侧眼睑下垂、瞳孔缩小、眼球内陷，同侧额部和胸壁少汗或无汗。
Horner’s syndrome :Horner’s syndrome is caused by sup erior sulcus tumors that invade the inferior cervical ganglion, symptoms include enophthalmos (sinking of the eyeball into its cavity), ptosis (droopy upper eyelid), miosis (abnormal contraction of the pupil), anhidrosis (absence of facial sweat).Respiratory failureRespiratory failure is a failure of the process of delivering O2 to the tissues and/or removing CO2 from the tissues. The diagnosis can be confirmed by arterial blood gas analysis. When the level of O2 partial pressure(PaO2) is less than 60mmHg, without PCO2 reduction, it is called respiratory failure type I. When the level of CO2 partial pressure(PaCO2) is more than 50mmHg, it is called respiratory failure type II.Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome :Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is defined as repeated episodes of cessation of airflow with sleep being greater than 30 times per night, or defined with Apnea- Hypopnea Index (AHI) being greater than 5hepatopulmonary syndrome :hepatopulmonary syndrome is a syndrome of shortness of breath and hypoxemia caused by vasodilation in the lungs of patients with advanced liver disease. The mechanism is unknown but is thought to be due to increased hepatic production or decreased hepatic clearance of vasodilators, possibly involving nitric oxide. The vascular dilatations cause overperfusion relative to ventilation, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatch and hypoxemia.Apnea- Hypopnea Index:Hypopnea in adults are defined as a 50% reduction in air flow for more than 10 s, followed by a 4% desaturation, and/or arousal. The Apnea- Hypopnea Index (AHI) is expressed as the number of apneas and hypopneas per hour of sleep.[简答题]简述发热患者，应用抗菌药物治疗48～72小时后，症状无改善，其可能的原因是什么？其可能原因有：1.药物未能覆盖致病菌或耐药；2.特殊病原体感染，如结核分枝杆菌、真菌、病毒等；3.出现并发症或存在影响疗效的宿主因素(如免疫抑制)；4.非感染性疾病误诊为肺炎；5.药物热。
内科学考试大纲
内科学考试大纲一、试卷满分及考试时间:本试卷满分为300分，考试时间为180分钟。
二、答题方式:答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
三、试卷内容结构基础医学 (15)临床医学…………约85%诊断学约15%内科学约50%循环系统约10%呼吸系统10%消化系统10%血液系统约5%泌尿系统5%内分泌与代谢5%风湿与免疫系统5%急救医学5%神经病学5%儿科学(内科10%四、试卷题型结构A型题第1～40小题，每小题2分，共80分B型题第41～70小题，每小题2分，共60分X型题第71～90小题，每小题2分，共40分简答题第91～100题，每题5分，共50分病例分析题第101～107题，每题14分，共70分1.病例分析题101～104题为必答题（心、呼、消、诊断基础）2.病例分析题105～107题为选答题（神经、儿科、急救）三选一一、基础医学（一）疾病的病因1．肝性脑病的病因、胃食管反流病的病因、慢性胃炎的病因、肝硬化的病因、胰腺炎的病因、急性中毒的病因。
2．心力衰竭的病因及诱因、急性左心衰竭的病因、期前收缩、阵发性心动过速、扑动、颤动、房室传导阻滞的病因；心搏骤停和心脏性猝死的病因；急性心肌梗死的病因、原发性高血压的基本病因、原发性心肌病的病因、急性心包炎及缩窄性心包炎的病因。
3．慢性支气管炎及阻塞性肺气肿(含COPD)的病因、慢性肺源性心脏病的病因、支气管哮喘的病因、支气管扩张的病因、肺脓肿的病因、胸腔积液的病因、气胸的病因。
4．肾小球肾炎和肾病综合征的病因、尿路感染的病因、急性和慢性肾功能不全的病因。
5．缺铁性贫血的病因、再生障碍性贫血的病因。
6．甲状腺功能亢进症(主要是Graves病)的病因、Cushing综合征的病因。
7．类风湿关节炎的病因、系统性红斑狼疮的病因。
（二）与疾病相关的病理、病理生理1．心力衰竭的病理生理；心搏骤停和心脏性猝死的病理生理；心脏瓣膜病的病理生理；急性心肌梗死的病理；原发性心肌病的病理。
内科考试题库及答案英文
内科考试题库及答案英文Internal Medicine Exam Question Bank and AnswersIntroductionThe field of internal medicine encompasses a broad range of medical conditions and diseases, requiring comprehensive knowledge and expertise. In order to assess and improve understanding in this field, an internal medicine exam question bank is essential. This article aims to provide an overview of such a question bank, along with its importance in medical education, and how it can benefit both students and healthcare professionals. Additionally, answers to sample exam questions will be provided to demonstrate the practicality and effectiveness of using such a resource.Importance of an Internal Medicine Exam Question Bank1. Assessing Knowledge: An internal medicine exam question bank serves as a valuable tool for evaluating the knowledge and understanding of medical students and practitioners. By testing their comprehension of various topics within internal medicine, it helps gauge their level of proficiency and identify areas that require further study and improvement.2. Comprehensive Coverage: A well-constructed question bank providesa wide range of questions covering different aspects of internal medicine. These questions may encompass topics such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal conditions, and infectious diseases, among others. This comprehensive coverage ensures that individuals are well-prepared for dealing with the diverse patient population encountered in clinical practice.3. Exam Preparation: Access to an internal medicine question bank enhances exam preparation for medical students and residents. It allows them to familiarize themselves with the format and style of questions commonly asked in exams. By repeatedly practicing these questions, individuals can improve their test-taking skills, boost their confidence, and increase their likelihood of success on the actual exam.4. Continual Learning: For healthcare professionals in practice, the question bank serves as a valuable resource for continual learning. Medical knowledge evolves rapidly, and staying updated is essential for providing the best care to patients. Regular use of the question bank helps professionals to stay abreast of new developments, guidelines, and advancements in internal medicine.Sample Questions and AnswersTo illustrate the practicality of using an internal medicine exam question bank, let's consider some sample questions along with their respective answers:Question 1:A 55-year-old male presents with chest pain radiating to the left arm, associated with diaphoresis and dyspnea. EKG reveals ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate management?a) Immediate thrombolytic therapyb) Administration of aspirinc) Cardiac catheterizationd) Immediate percutaneous coronary interventionAnswer:d) Immediate percutaneous coronary interventionQuestion 2:A 35-year-old female presents with a history of polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss. Laboratory findings reveal hyperglycemia, glucosuria, and ketonuria. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?a) Type 1 diabetes mellitusb) Type 2 diabetes mellitusc) Gestational diabetesd) Diabetic ketoacidosisAnswer:a) Type 1 diabetes mellitusQuestion 3:A 65-year-old male presents with complaints of exertional dyspnea and bilateral lower extremity edema. On examination, a diastolic murmur is auscultated along the left sternal border. Echocardiography reveals thickened and calcified aortic valve cusps. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?a) Aortic stenosisb) Aortic regurgitationc) Mitral stenosisd) Mitral regurgitationAnswer:a) Aortic stenosisConclusionIn conclusion, an internal medicine exam question bank is an invaluable resource for medical students, residents, and healthcare professionals practicing in this field. It offers a comprehensive assessment of knowledge, aids in exam preparation, facilitates continual learning, and ensures individuals are well-equipped to manage the multifaceted challenges of internal medicine. By utilizing such a resource, medical professionals can enhance their understanding, improve patient care, and ultimately contribute to the advancements in the field of internal medicine.。
华西口腔内科学专业英语教学大纲
华西口腔内科学专业英语教学大纲For the Students of Five-Year and Seven Year Classesof the West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityDept. of conservative dentistry, West China College of Stomatology of Sichuan University四川大学华西口腔医学院口腔内科教研室2005年6月2006年9月修订一、教学目的及要求:Objective of the course is to train the students in reading, translating, apprehending and writing of professional English in the field of Cariology, Endodontology, Periodontology and Oral Medicine. The students will be required pre-reading the text, listening the teachers’ lecture and complete assigned homework. After each lesson, the students should be able to thoroughly understanding the context, remembering the related professional terms, bring forward questions and answer by their own. based on the text.The teachers’desire is to teach not only the professional knowledge, but also the professionalEnglish skills as a tool of catching up international modern advances in the field of Cariology, Endodontology, Periodontology and Oral Medicine for the students of the West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University.二、教学内容（各章节主要内容、学时分配及重点、难点）The course will be delivered in 12 units of lectures, each in 2 hours.Lesson 1. Clinical Features Of Dental CariesTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand the characteristic features of dental cariesRecognize the characteristic features of root surface caries and occlusal caries.Be familiar macroscopic features and Surface features of t he clinical ‘white spot’ lesionLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:dental caries n. 龋white spot lesion 白恶班损害facet-area n. 面，面区dental floss 牙线brown spot lesion棕褐色的，褐色班损害remineralization 再矿化interproximal a. 邻面perikymata n 釉面横纹discoloration n. 变色fissure caries 沟裂，沟裂龋focus n. 病灶groove-fossa system 窝沟系统Lesson 2. Stages And Steps In Cavity PreparationTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand the proper stages and steps in cavity preparation.Recognize the initial stage and the final stage of cavity preparationBe familiar with the concept of outline form, initial depth, resistance form, retention form, convenience form, final procedures.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:cavity preparation 制备，洞型制备，预备outline form 外形，洞缘形resistance form 抗力形retention form 固位形convenience form 便利形varnishing n. 上洞漆conditioning 指修复前的一些准备工作cavosurface angle 洞缘角air syringe 喷枪、注射机，气枪cling 附着microleakage 微漏Lesson 3. Amalgam RestorationsTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand concept of AmalgamRecognize Class 1 and 2 preparations and insertion techniques for dental amalgam.Be familiar with advantages and disadvantages of dental amalgamLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:amalgam n. 汞合金faciolingual a. 面舌的，颊舌的resin fissure sealant树脂窝沟封闭剂marginal ridge a. 边缘嵴mesiodistally adv. 近远中向地etchant n. 刻蚀剂slot restoration 开槽性修复round bur 钻针，球钻handpiece n. 牙科用手机Lesson 4 . Initial Endodontic Treatment ProblemsTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand symptoms, clinical signs, prognosis and treatment of reversible pulpitis, irreversible pulpitis, acute periapical inflammation.Recognize three categories of endodontic treatment problemsBe familiar with symptoms, clinical signs, prognosis and treatment of chronic periapical inflammation.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:r eversible pulpitis 可复性牙髓炎analgesic n. 止痛药sequela n. 后遗症irreversible pulpitis 不可复性牙髓炎broach 髓针pulpotomy n. 牙髓切断术formocresol n. 甲醛甲酚ubperiosteal adj. 骨膜下的intraseptal adj. 间隔内的interligamentary adj. 韧带内的exudates 渗出物，渗出液radiolucency 射线透射性Lesson 5. Rationale and Application of Endodontic Therapy Teaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand root canal preparation, obturation of the root canal.Recognize surgical procedures.Be familiar with the definition of rationaleLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:rationale n 基本原理，理论基础sepsis n. 脓毒症apicoectomy n. 根尖切断术file n. 锉reamer n. 扩大针obturation 封闭gutta percha 牙胶root perforation根管穿孔curettage n. 刮除术root resection 根尖切除术hemisection n. 半切术Lesson 6. Nonsurgical Treatment for Endodontic Emergencies Teaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand the diagnosis for Endodontic EmergenciesRecognize the electric pulp test, thermal tests, percussion and palpationBe familiar with a philosophy of EndodonticsLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:chief complaint 主诉electric pulp test 牙髓电活力测试neuralgia n. 神经痛hydrodynamic theory 流体动力学说thermal test 温度诊percussion n. 叩诊palpation n. 扪诊periosteum n. 骨膜purulent adj. 化脓的Lesson7 . Examination of the PeriodontiumTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand concept , and concent of periodontal examination .the examinatin og the gingiva and periodontal pocketsRecognize How to determin the activity of periodontal diseaseBe familiar with the determination of the attachment lossLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinesecorrectly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentenceschosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writingin English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:Periodontium 牙周组织supragingival plaque 龈上菌斑stipple 点彩periodontal pocket 牙周袋supraybony 骨上的infrabony 骨下的bleeding on probing 探诊出血juvenile periodontitis 青少年牙周炎mucogingival junction 膜龈联合gingival sulcus 龈沟Notes1）give rise to 导致，造成2）.penetrate into 插入3）confuse with 把与混淆Lesson 8. Clinical Features of GingivitisTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:1Understand what changes will occur when gingiva was inflamed. How do you describe the manifestation of gingivitis. What are the color changes in the gingivitis.Recognize the reasons coused the changes of clinical features of gingivitisBe familiar with the classification of gingivitis,the definition of recessionLanguage Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:gingivitis 牙龈炎acute gingivitis 急性牙龈炎subacute gingivitis 亚急性牙龈炎recurrent gingivitis 复发性龈炎chronic gingivitis 慢性牙龈炎localized gingivitis 局限性牙龈炎generalized ginginvitis 广泛性牙龈炎marginal gingivitis 边缘性龈炎papillary gingivitis 龈乳头炎diffuse gingivitis 弥散性牙龈炎gingival bleeding 牙龈出血acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis 急性坏死溃疡性龈炎herpetic gingivostomatitis 疱疹性龈口炎pigmentation 色素沉着edematous 水肿的recession 退缩Self-study:the eiology of the clinical changes of gingivitis.the histopathologic changes in gingival consistencyLesson 9. Supragingival Scaling TechniqueTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand.the characteristic of supragingival scaling and subgingivalscaling.the instruments of supragingival scaling 、subgingival scaling and root planning.Recognize ultrasonic scaling techniqueBe familiar with how to ues the instrumants of the supragingival scaling and subgingival scaling,the evaluation of scaling and root planing.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:supragingival scaling 龈上洁治术subgingival scaling 龈下洁治术root planing 根面平整sickle 镰形器curette 匙形器hoe 锄形器chisel 凿modified pen grasp 改良握笔式finger rest 支点overlapping 叠瓦式的Lesson 10. Aphthous ulcersTeaching hours: 2.By the end of this chapter, the students will be able to:Understand concept ,clinical feature and types of recurrent aphthous ulcersRecognize the synonyms , etiology, course and treatment principle of recurrent aphthous ulcers.Be familiar with the triggering factors ,the associated diseases, histopathology and laboratory diagnosis ,differential diagnosis of recurrent aphthous ulcers.Language Training:From language learning point of view, the student are required reading the text fluently, translating the text into Chinese correctly and vice versa, completing dictation of some sentences chosen from the text to exercise ability of comprehending and writing in English if the course time allowed.Terms should be taken into mind:Disease terms: aphthae(口疮，小溃疡), crohn’s disease(克罗恩病，局限性肠炎), herpangina(疱疹性咽峡炎), Behcet’s disease( 白塞氏病)，herpes simplex virus(单纯疱疹病毒)，sialometaplasia（涎腺化生），fixed drug eruption（固定性药疹），cold sore（感冒疮），lymphadenopathy（淋巴结病），dermatoses（皮肤病），canker sore 口腔溃疡，papule（丘疹）。
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湖南师范大学附属长沙医院内科学硕士研究生入学考试自
命题考试大纲
考试科目代码：[xxx] 考试科目名称：专业英语
一、考试形式与试卷结构
1）试卷成绩及考试时间：
本试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。
2）答题方式：
闭卷（可自带词典，电子词典除外）、笔试。
3）试卷内容结构：
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
考生将答案按要求写在答题卡上。
4）题型结构：
试卷为3000-4000词左右的一个或几个英语文献段落。
二、考试内容与考试要求
Ⅰ.考试内容：
英译汉。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为3000-4000词左右的一个或几个英语文献段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
考生在答题卡上作答。
共100分。
Ⅱ.考查内容：
考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语、阅读和理解英语文献资料的能力，考查考生医学文献翻译的基本原则和翻译方法。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
Ⅲ.考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：
（一）语言知识
1.语法知识
考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：
（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；
（2）动词的时态、语态的构成及其用法；
（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；
（4）常用连词的词义及其用法；
（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；
（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法
（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句）及强调句型的结构及其用法；（8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
2.词汇
考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组，并了解原文的前提下，借助词典工具书，考虑到医学本身的特点，使用正确的词语进行翻译和读懂文章。
（二）语言技能
考生应根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文读懂不同文体的医学文献，含科普宣传材料、病历记录、分析报告、论文等多种文献，根据所读材料，考生能：
1.理解主旨要义；
2.理解文中的具体信息
3.理解文中的概念性含义；
4.进行有关的判断、推理和引申；
5.根据上下文推测生词的词义；
6.理解文中的总体结构以及单句之间、段落之间的关系；
7.理解作者的意图、观点或态度；
8.区分论点和论据。
三、参考文献来源：SCI期刊数据库。