英汉翻译教程第四章翻译方法技巧

sound: n. “声音”； v. “发声”或“测量深度”； adj. “健康的”或“正确的”。 Air carries sound.
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sound noun: 1.sth that you can hear a high/low sound the different sounds smells of the forest
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（二）英语中有些词是中立的本身不表示褒贬 义，但在一定的上下文中可能有褒贬的意味， 译时要相应地表达出来。 The president promised to work to repeat state and federal laws that discriminate Against women. 总统承诺将力求废除歧视（贬义）妇女的州法 及联邦法。 By a 6-3 vote, the court held that this official discriminate did not violate the Constitution. 法院以六票对三票的裁决的认定，政府对这个 问题上才去的区别对待（中性词）的办法并不 违反宪法。
2 ． Nixon was pleased by the distinction, but not overwhelmed. 3.We are all human beings, and have the same organs and share the same experiences and agonies.
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Tony is only nineteen and is the baby of our crew. 托尼只有十九岁，是我们当中最年轻的
He was a man to let his heart rule his head. 他是一个感情用事的人。
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He was a tough proposition. 他是个难对付的人。
We must fight again corruption and injustices. 我们必须同贪污腐化以及各种不公正现 象作斗争。
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I knew I would encounter extremes of weather. 我知道会遇到最冷和最热的天气。 He visited all the tourist attractions in the city. 他游览了这座城市所有旅游景点。
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4.The exciting news soon carried round. 5.The earth goes round the
sun
.
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（二）根据上下文 联系以及在句中的 搭配关系来选择和确定词义
This method worked very well. 这种方法行之有效。
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3. produce sound The bell sounded for the end of the class. 4. give warning/signal When I saw the smoke, I tried to sound the alarm.
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ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
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（二）将词义作具体化的引申
用代表抽象概念或属性的词来表示一种 具体事物，译成汉语一般可作具体化引申。 The great wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing 长城是大多数外国游客在北京必不可少的游览 项目. Must抽象词引申为具体的“必不可少的游览 项目”.
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The car in front of me stopped and I missed the green. 我前面的车停了，我错过了绿灯。 This book is beyond a beginner. 这本书初学者看不懂。 Very soon he was surrounded by a crowd and snowed under with question. 群人立刻把他围住，向他提出一个又一 个问题。
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4.Before work you must carefully check whether flat tool is fastened on the tool carrier. 工作前必须仔细检查平口刀是否紧固在 刀架上。
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5.The pilot landed his plane on the aircraft carrier. 驾驶员将飞机落在航空母舰上。
He Hamleted at a chance and regretted for it. 机会到来时他犹豫不决，过后又后悔了。 Hamlet 原是沙士比亚（王子复仇记） 中主人公名，用此人优柔寡段性格来比 喻类似情况。译时抽象化了。
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We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street. 我们主张国际贸易不应该是有来无往。 One-way street 原意是“单行道” 引申“有来无往”。
and
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2. the effect that is produced by the music of a particular singer or group of musicians I like their sound. 3. impression the sound of sth. From the sound of things you were lucky to find him.
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Her husband was a brave pilot during the Second World War. 她丈夫在二战时期是一个勇敢的飞行员。 The boy is appreciated by all his teachers for his carefullness in his homework. 这个男孩因作功课认真仔细儿受到所有 老师的赞扬。
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3. The solder glass is in a powdered form and is suspended in a liquid carrier for ease and accuracy of application. 为了便于使用和精确控制，焊料玻璃呈 粉末状，并悬浮于液态载体中。
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（二）词义的引伸
在词典上找不到适当的词义 根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本 含义出发，进一步加以引申，选择适当 的词来表达。 1.A sofa is a compromise between a chair and a bed.
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5. produce You don’t sound the “b” in the word comb. 6. measure depth
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adj; not damaged/hurt
We arrived sound.
home
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(三)根据专业内容来确定词义
1.A porter is a baggage carrier. 搬运工就是搬运行李的人。 2. Flies and mosquitoes are carriers of infectious diseases. 苍蝇和蚊子是传染病的传播者。
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I was pratically on my knees but he still refused. 我几乎苦苦哀求，但他仍然拒绝。
The matter was finally settled Under the table. 事情终于私下了解了。
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round 1.In the first round our football team has had three wins and one defeats. 2.The earth rounds the sun. 3.The earth is round
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2. It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many wonders in the past few decades. 正是由于发明了电子计算机，人类才能 够在过去的几十年中创造出这么多的奇 迹。
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第四章 英译汉常用的方 法和技巧
主讲：常士杰
1
第一节 词义的选择、引申 和褒贬
2
第二节 词类转译法
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一 词义的选择
英汉语言；一词多类 一词多义 弄清原句结构 选择确定原句中关键词的词义
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（一）、根据词在句中的词类来选择 和确定词义
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（一）将词义作抽象化的引申
用一个表示具体形象的词来表示一种属 性、一个事物或一种概念，一般可将其 词义作抽象化的 引申。
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Evrybody has his smile and tears 眼泪、微笑引申为快乐和悲哀 The technological process was then a newcomer in the U.S. So application was not numerous. 这种工艺流程在美国刚刚问世，因此应用得并 不多。
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4. water ( of place names) a narrow passage of water that joins two larger areas of water syn:strait海湾
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verb 1. give impression His voice sounded strange on the phone. 2. sounding fine-sounding words
safe
and
The house needs attention but the roof is sound. sleep: deep and peaceful To have a sound night’s sleep
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5. good, but not excellent a sound piece of writing 6. physical punishment to give sb. a sound beating
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三
词义的褒贬
（一）词的褒贬意义表达，有些词本身就带有 褒义或贬义色彩 Famous/notorious He was known as a famous professor. 他是一个著名的教授 He was a notorious rouge in Shanghai in the old times. 他是旧上海臭名昭著的大流氓。
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4.Every life has its roses and thorns.
误：每种生活都有它的玫瑰花和刺。 正：每个人的生活总是有甜也有苦。
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5.There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. 误：在帝国主义者的性格中有老虎和猿 的混合物。 正：帝国主义者的性格即残暴又狡猾。