英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解doc资料

主语从句即一个句子作主语如：what he said is true. what he said是一个句子具备最短的句子所应有的主语（he）和谓语动词(said)。又应有what引导词所以做从句，又Is 是大句子中的谓语动词，在主句中，所以其前的成分为主语，主语是一个句子，叫做主语从句。

宾语从句和主语从句同理，事不过宾语从句是在谓语动词后的句子，谓语后的成分是宾语。如：He said that the girl is beautiful. that the girl is beautiful为宾语从句，做动词said后的宾语。

表语从句依然如此，只是动词为系动词或感官动词，动词后为表语从句。如：He is who I am looking for. who I am looking for. 为表语从句，做系动词is的表语。

前几种句子均为名词性从句，引导词指人用who whose whom,指物用which，what。其中which有范围what没范围。连接副词有：when where why how四种。如：I don't know where he is going.（宾从）

定语从句为形容词性从句，即一个句子像一个形容词，修饰一个名词或代词，而被修饰的词在句子前面，叫做先行词。如：The girl who wears a red coat is my classmate. 其中who wears a red coat 是定语从句，修饰the girl, 所以the girl为先行词，主句为The girl is my classmate。定语从句引导词指人和名词性从句相同，who whose whom；指物只用which，没有what；that 即指人又指物。关系副词没有how 即when,where,why.如：The year when I arrived there is 2000. （when I arrived there为从句）

状语从句考点比较简单，记住他引导词的意思就行了，如时间是when while等，地点是where wherever,原因是why 结果because 等就可以了

英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简讲解

一．主语：

主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。

1．名词作主语。

A tree has fallen across the road. (倒下横在)

Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)

2

You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。

He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑)

3

Three is enough. 三个就够了。

Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。

4

The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。

Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。

5

Now is the time. 现在是时候了。Carefully does it. 小心就行。

6

The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.

7

To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。

It would be nice to see him again.

8

Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work.

9

The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age.

To Beijing is not very far. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.

Whenever you are ready will be fine.

Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we hav e to.

"How do you do ?" is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。

谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。

谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。

1．由简单的动词构成。

(1). What happened? 发生了什么事？

(2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。

(3). The plane took off 飞机是十点起飞的。

2

(1). I am reading. 我在看书。

(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？

(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。

3

这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have, get, take, give 等。如：

(1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水

(2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（

(3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。

(4). I got a good shake-up.我受到了很大的震动。

表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中，联系动词只是形式上的谓语，真正起谓语作用的则是表语。

可以作表语的词有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。

1．The wedding was that Sunday. 婚礼是在那个星期天举行的。（名词）

2．So that’s that.

3．We are seven. 我们一共7人。（数词）

4．Are you busy? 你有空吗？（形容词）

5．Are you there? 你在听吗？（电话用语）（副词）

Is anybody in? （副词）

6．All I could do was to wait. 我只能等待。（不定式）

was to hit him on the nose. （不定式）

7．Complimenting（赞美，祝贺）is lying.

Is that asking so much?

8．I was so much surprised at it. 我对此事感到很惊讶。（过分）

I’m very pleased with what he has done. 我对他所做的很满意。（过分）

9．She is in good health. 她很健康。（介词短语）

The show is from seven till ten. 演出时间为7点至10点。（介词短语）

10．Is that why you were angry?

11．This is where I first met her. 这就是我初次与她会面的地方。（从句）

补充：

能做系动词的实义动词：

come , go , run, turn ,get , become , keep , stay , make (表变化的动词)

fell，sound ,smell , look , taste （感观动词）seem, appear (似乎，好像)

1．Our dream has come true. 我的梦想实现了。（Come后常加easy ,loose natural 等）

2. He fell sick. Keep fit.保重。

keep，calm ，cool，well，warm ，silent，clean，dry

3．The well ran dry. 这口井干枯了。（short , loose , wild , cold 等）

4．A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is.

四．宾语

宾语（object）在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。如：

Our team beat all the others. 我们的球队打败了所有其他球队。

可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、从句等。

1．Do you fancy a drink? 你想喝一杯吗？（名词）

2．They won’t hurt us. （代词）

3．If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 5加5等于10。（数词）。

4．I shall do my possible. （名词化形容词）

5．He left there last week. 他上个星期离开了那里。（副词）

6．Does she really mean to leave home? 她真的要离开家吗？（不定式）

7．He never did the unexpected(). （名词化的分词）

8．Do you understand what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？（从句）

扩展：双宾语问题

宾语中有些动词需要两个同等的宾语，即直接宾语(direct object)与间接宾语(indirect object)。

直接宾语一般指动作的承受者，间接宾语指动作所向的或所为的人和物（多指人）。

具有这种双宾语的及物动词叫做与格动词(dative verb)。间接宾语一般须与直接宾语连用，通常放在直接宾语之前。

常用的有：answer, bring, buy, do, find, get, give, hand, keep, leave, lend, make, offer, owe, pass, pay, play, promise, read, save, sell, send, show, sing, take 等。