(完整word版)【优质】兰大考博英语试题.doc
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：43
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled pain-free life equals to happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true; more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain.As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, and self-improvement.Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment, for commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation.I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children will never know the joys of watching a child growing up or of playing with a grandchild.Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying a new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.1. According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because .2. Raising children, in the author’s opinion, is .3. From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from .4. To understand what true happiness is, one must .5. What is the author trying to tell us?问题1选项A.he is reluctant to take on family responsibilitiesB.he believes that life will be more cheerful to remain singleC.he finds more fun in dating than in marriageD.he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement问题2选项A.a moral dutyB.a rewarding taskC.a thankless jobD.a source of inevitable pain问题3选项A.hatredB.misunderstandingC.prejudiceD.ignorance问题4选项A.have as much fun as possible during one’s lifetimeB.make every effort to liberate oneself from painC.put up with pain under all circumstancesD.be able to distinguish happiness from fun问题5选项A.iIt is pain that leads to happinessB.One must know how to attain happinessC.It is important to make commitmentsD.Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：23
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题With the severe shortage of energy supply, we are facing the （） of a very hard winter. 问题1选项A.expectationB.prospectC.promiseD.damage【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。
expectation “预料” ; prospect “前景”；promise “承诺”;damage “毁坏”。
句意：因为能源供应的严重短缺，我们将面临一个艰难的冬天。
选项B符合题意。
2.翻译题在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。
它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。
【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.3.单选题I don’t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive （） for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解
兰州大学考博英语真题及其精解1.This rock has to be_______in order to build a road.A.blastedB.exploredC.hiredD.maintained2.He did not go to the party last night,which_______her feelings deeply.A.woundedB.injuredC.hurtD.injury3.When they returned to the river,they found that the boat had _______away.A.framedB.frostedC.frownedD.floated4.If you need further information,please_______our office.A.constantB.constructC.contactD.contain5.During the war,many soldiers were killed not by_______,but by disease.A.bulledtsB.devilC.bibleD.depth6.We watched the ship until it became only a_______in the distance.A.pointB.jarC.stoveD.dot7.The English proverb‘_______the rod and spoil the child’means that if you deep from punishing the child,you will spoil its character.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.A.ruleB.rugC.clapD.spare8.The_______was only sentenced to pay a fine of$10,000.A.wormB.trialC.tubeD.criminal9.Higher education in China is free but the_______for entrance is strong.parisonB.consequencepetitionD.crawl10.The light is too_______for me to read.I can not stand any more.A.ridB.ripeC.soupD.dim11.The water_______from the tap and damaged all the books in my study.A.sprayedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.exported12.In the United States,Congress makes the laws and the President _______them.A.ordersB.conquersC.executesD.hedges13.She is too_______to answer questions in the class.A.eagleB.coughC.eagerD.couch14.We enjoy seeing the glorious_______of the rising sun.A.beamsB.beansC.beefD.beer15.In the_______English reading course,the students have to read a lot.A.extensiveB.mechanicalC.mercuryD.opera16.He gave up his study in college in_______.A.bundleB.butcherC.ashD.despair17.Several people_______the car accident.A.witnessedB.provedC.swallowedD.drugged18.They will_______the project with the necessary funds.A.referB.relateC.furnaceD.furnish19.I took it for_______that you wouldn’t come here again.A.grandB.tameC.grantedD.thumb20.He was sent to London on a special_______.A.missingB.missileC.missionD.mistress21.This light shelf is strong enough to_______all the books here.A.wipeB.waxC.surveyD.sustain22.The_______Court is the highest court in the United States.A.VitalB.ThunderC.ReverseD.Supreme23.Our university has an international student exchange_______ with the University of Wyoming in the United States.A.processionB.provisionC.professionD.program24.He________of me the best way to go.A.investigatedB.inquiredC.frightenedD.resorted25.Mr.White tried to_______this job through the influence of his father.A.harnessB.fetchC.curseD.obtain26.The police dog finally found the_______of the prisoners of war.A.steepB.resolutionC.porterD.trail27.As the only_______in the small village,he not only fixedthe furniture but also made furniture for the villagers.A.symbolB.sourceC.panD.carpenter28.A big crowd gathered around the bus,almost_______the traffic.A.affectingB.blockingC.creatingD.mating29.As far as I see,this book has its own_______.A.meritB.signalC.visibleD.swift30.This tree is too_______to be planted in this area.A.tremendousB.vigorousC.shyD.tender31.This product is_______to change without notice.A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust32.I don’t know how he can_______himself for such conduct.A.justifyB.locateC.rearD.swear33.The stolen watch has been_______to its owner.A.retiredB.pitchedC.restoredD.cured34.It is_______cold this winter in Xi’an.A.considerablyB.tightC.navalD.moreover35.It has been my_______to meet with this accident.A.journalB.reductionC.affectD.fate36.Her smile_______her secret even though she didn’t admit the fact.A.reviewedB.reversedC.respondedD.revealed37.He________that he could finish the job without any help.A.designedB.headedC.claimedD.preserved38.Professor Li_______his success to his mother.A.ownsB.ruinsC.owesD.roars39.The election_______for the State governor has begun this year.A.campaignB.boltC.hellD.immense40.Anyone without_______illness can do this simple job.dB.mindC.mentalD.mend41.Glass may_______at high temperature.A.profitB.pronounceC.stingD.melt42.Silver_______electricity far better than other materials.A.equipsB.strikesC.cracksD.conducts43.Everyone is encouraged to_______food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the flood.A.attributeB.distributeC.contributeD.drift44.White teeth are a sharp_______to black skin.A.contentB.contractC.contrastD.contain45.Tom is_______about photography.He spends nearly all his money on it.A.justiceB.innocentC.fierceD.crazy46.We need help from the other countries.But we do not_______ on others for support.A.engageB.leanC.stripD.multiply47.We will_______the plan because of the cost.A.councilB.journalC.dampD.oppose48.Our train is_______at Shanghai at seven o’clock this evening.A.dueB.crystalC.cushionD.cooperation49.Her voice was_______in the noise.A.filledB.entertainedC.enormousD.drowned50.He is very_______in his family and never does anything against his wife.A.henceB.possessC.outerD.humble答案：1.A2.C3.D4.C5.A6.D7.D8.D9.C10.D11.A12.C13.C14.A15.A 16.D17.A18.D19.C20.C21.D22.D23.D24.B25.D26.D27.D28.B29.A 30.D31.C32.A33.C34.A35.D36.D37.C38.C39.A40.C41.D42.D43.C 44.C45.D46.B47.D48.A49.D50.D本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
医学考博英语试题及答案
医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案：A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案：A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案：A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案：D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案：A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案：DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案：A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案：A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
(完整word版)【优质】兰大考博英语试题.doc
兰州大学 2003 年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section Ⅰ(20%)1.To control intelligence in the attempt to insure only benevolentconsequences would sentence the human race to ignorance, stagnation and decadence, and probably would be impossible.A. deceptionB. declineC. revelationD. disclosure2. During the 1800s and early 1900s the academic disciplines such aschemistry and physics made great headway.A. sacrificeB. progressC. forefrontD. preconceptions3. The purpose of the law is to prevent discrimination on the grounds of.SexA. nationalityB. raceC. genderD. profession4. The governor`s helicopter hovered over the field for a long time beforelanding.A. stayedB. adjustedC. confrontedD. subdued5.The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it wasor even where it came from.A. loudB. frighteningC. generalD. indistinct6.An understanding of the quantum theory is vital in the study ofsolid-state physics.A. helpfulB. aliveC. acquiredD. essential7. No longer is the population of that county as nearly homogeneous as it once was .A. united in political outlookB. uniform throughoutC. inclined toward cooperationD. politically conservative8.It is not possible for people to remember everything that they have thought, felt, or done.A. appreciateB. recallC. repeatD. discuss9. Much to Michael`s surprise, his professional competence and languid manner attracted clients to his law practice.A. showing understandingB. sharp and preciseC. lacking vigorD. positive and unswerving10.Probably the only protection for contemporary man is to discoverhow to use his intelligence in the service of love and kindness.A. modernB. simultaneousC. meditativeD. considering11.But even more scandalous is the treatment the society inflicts on themajority of people during their youth and their maturity.A. imposesB. suffersC. affectsD. brings12. To the astonishment of his colleagues, he appeared to regard hesuggestion as a panacea.A. universally welcome thoughtB. practical solutionC. remedy for all difficultiesD. laughable idea13. The American lost the nuclear weapon monopoly when the Sovietsexpioded their first atomic bomb.A. businessB. controlC. superiorityD. pribilege14. Migrant worker have difficulty finding steady employment.A. eligibleB. transientC. diligentD. Unmotivated15.The campaign seemed to signal a switch in the paper`s editorialpolicy.A. orientationB. reversalC. adjustmentD. changeover16. A darkened sky in the daytime is usually an indication that a storm isimminent.A .expected to be severe B. close byC. about to take placeD. possibly coming17.During the 1800s, hunters and trappers returned from theYellowstone region with reports of strange natural wonders.A. marvelsB. occurrencesC. thoughtsD. surprises18.Because of harsh weather conditions, more than a dozen states inthe United States wer declared disaster areas in 1977.A. improbableB. bizarreC. moistD. Severe19. The fundamental element of a word is known as its root.A. finalB. basicC. importantD. simple20.Flying may be classified as energy technology, but modern aviationwould be impossible without elaborate electronic communications and controls.A. sophisticatedB. skillfulC. inflamedD. powerful SectionⅡ(20%)21. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, he is likely tosmile and reach out to another infant.A. ifB. wheneverC. whereasD. so that22. When he arrived, he found the aged and the sick at home.A. no other thanB. none other thanC. nothing butD. none but23. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas today and are beingmodified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are challengingB. are to challengeC. may be challengedD. have been challenged24.Man has been profoundly concerned and anxious about his ability tosurvive in the face of his comparative physical weaknessesand the multiple dangers of his environment.A. positivelyB. wiselyC. extremelyD. increasingly25. The new appointment of our president from the verybeginning of next semester.A. takes effectB. takes partC. takes placeD. takes turns26.Lightning is a of electrical current from a cloud to the ground of fromone cloud to another.A. ribbonB. rainbowC. rackD. rush27. It has been revealed that some government leaders theirauthority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. abuseB. employC. takeD. overlook28. A healthy life is frequently thought to be with the opencountryside and homegrown food.A. tiedB. associatedC. boundD. involved\29.Jean doesn`t want to work right away because she thinks that if shea job she probably wouldn`t be able to see her friends veryoften.A. had gotB. has to getC. were to getD. could have got30. They took measures to prevent poisonous gases fromesvaping.A. fruitfulB. effectiveC. beneficialD. valid\31. She was so in her job that she didn`t hear anybodyknocking at the door.A. drawnB. attractedC. absorbedD. concentrated32. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that noamount of money could .A. make up forB. stand up toC. come up withD. put up with33. You will want two tress about ten feet apart, from to suspendyour tent.A. thereB. whereC. whichD. them34. It is recommended that the project until all the preparationshave been made.A. is not to be startedB. is not startedC. will not be startedD. not be started35. He decided to make further improvements on the computer`s designthe light of the requirements of customers.A. onB. inC. forD. with36. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Had it not beenB. Not beingC. Without beingD. Not having been37. We don`t need air conditioning .A. nor can we afford itB. and nor we can afford itC. neither can afford itD. and we can neither afford it38. We to start our own business, but we never had enoughmoney.A. have hopedB. had hopedC. would hopeD. should hope39. He made such a contribution to the university that they arenaming one of the new buildings after him.A. generousB. genuineC. minimiumD. modest40. We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any changein plants.A. has informedB. informsC. informedD. informPart Two Translation (40%)Section Ⅰ(From English into Chinese)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (20%)What does the phase“Stats Wars”mean? (1) “Stats Wars”is a United States research program designed to determine whether a defense system can be built to block intercontinental ballistic missiles. Its official name is the Strategic Defense Initiative. The long-range goal is the erection of aspace “shield”to destroy enemy warheads after the are launched,while they are in space flight or as they re-enter the atmosphere.Space-based and land-based weapons would include several varieties of X-ray and other lasers; nonexplosive projiectiles called “smart rocks”, and other devices. (2) The weapons would require advanced computers and other technologies to detect the missiles and computers their paths,to ditect intercepting weapons over great distances and to maintain constant communications between the many component parts of the overall system.Where did the idea come from? (3) In March 1983, in a speechproposing that nuclear weapons be made “impotent and obsolete.”President Reagan stepped up the pace of missile-defense research. Hewas urged on by , among others, Dr. Edward Teller, who led developmentof the hydrogen bomb.What is the status of the program? (4) The administration has suggested spending $33 billion on “Star Wars”over six fiscal years, spending would probably rise sharply later. Some preliminary lasers have, in fact, been tested and have hit targets in space; and an anti-satellite weapon, which represent a related element of missile defense, has been fired at and destroyed a satellite.Few of the basic building blocks of a sonce network are now available, (5) and the best estimate are that it will not be before the late 1980`s that an assessmentcan be made as to whether a defense shield would actually work.Section Ⅱ (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the under lined sentences into English. (20%)我为乘客服务（6）有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。
兰州大学年博士研究生招生考试试题.doc
2019党员创先争优承诺书4篇_承诺书党员就是旗帜，党员就是榜样，党员就是先锋，党员就是表率。
在创先争优活动中，我郑重作出如下承诺：1、带头学习提高。
自觉坚定理想信念，争做报效轧钢的楷模；努力学习科学文化知识和各项技能，积极主动思考和解决工作中存在的问题，争做勤奋学习的典范。
2、带头争创佳绩。
有强烈的事业心和责任感，干一行爱一行，埋头苦干、刻苦钻研，在本职岗位上业绩突出，争做爱岗敬业的先锋。
3、带头服务职工群众。
加强党内团结，维护企业稳定，加强与群众之间的交流，积极帮助职工群众解决实际困难，争做职工群众的贴心人。
4、带头遵纪守法。
自觉遵守党的纪律，模范遵守国家法律法规和企业各项规章制度。
做到党员身边无事故、无违章、无违纪、无盗窃，争做遵章守纪的表率。
5、带头弘扬正气。
转变工作作风，廉洁奉公，敢于同不良风气、违纪违法行为作斗争，争做爱厂护厂的卫士。
社区党总支党员创先争优承诺书为进一步推进社区党组织创先争优活动的深入开展，充分发挥共产党员的先锋模范作用，社区党总支各位党员根据实际情况，现向社区党总支作出承诺，敬请社区党组织予以监督。
1、严格履行党员义务，树立社会主义荣辱观，服从组织分配，积极完成党的任务，在社区建设等方面起先锋模范作用。
2、遵纪守法，遵守社会公德，带头维护并保持社区环境卫生。
3、积极参与社区建设，不定期参加社区义务劳动，积极为社区发展建言献策。
4、密切联系群众，及时向党反映群众的意见和要求，维护群众的正当利益。
5、服从社区管理，参加社区党支部组织的各项活动。
6、关心群众生活，积极为居民做好事，办实事。
7、发扬正气，坚决与各种违法犯罪和不良行为作斗争。
8、积极参加党组织活动，开好民主生活会，开展批评与自我批评。
党员创先争优公开承诺书为积极参加“争先创优”活动，据机关党委的统一部署和要求，争当优秀共产党员，始终体现党的先进性。
作为一个党员的我承诺：一、严格遵守党章的各项规定，清正廉洁，秉公办事，履行职责，牢固筑起廉洁自律的防线，做到“一身正气、两袖清风”，不断提高拒腐防变能力，时刻牢记“权为民所用，情为民所系，利为民所谋”，认真做好组织上交办的各项工作。
2015年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年南京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．The ambassador was accused of having______on domestic affairs.A．trespassedB．encroachedC．entrenchedD．invaded正确答案：B解析：近义词词义辨析。
encroach，invade，trespass这三个词均指损害他人权利，侵占其财产或侵犯别国的领土。
encroach通常指蚕食，即逐渐地、不声不响或偷偷摸摸地进入别国的领土，或攫取别人的财物，侵犯他人的权利，常与介词on或upon连用。
invade暗示着明目张胆、凶残与暴行，常用来指一国武装侵略另一国。
也可用来指疾病、虫害的侵袭。
trespass是个法律用语，指未经许可进入私人土地，或非法侵入，常与on或upon连用。
句中提及侵犯他国内政，encroach更加符合语境。
entrench与on搭配使用时表示挖掘壕沟，与题意不符。
故答案为B。
2．The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste______the petroleum that fuels much of American manufacturing.A．in terms ofB．in favor ofC．in spite ofD．in place of正确答案：D解析：介词词组辨析。
句中crops，weeds，animal waste与petroleum“石油”对比可知，这两组是性质不同的能源，由此可知空格处的词组应为“取代”的意思，选项中只有D表示“取代，替换”的意思。
最新兰大入学测试题--英语（含答案）
最新兰大入学测试题--英语（含答案）英语考试试题第一部分：单项选择题31.If the test taker finds an item to which an answer is not known, it may be ___ B _____ to leave it blank and go on with the test.a、valuableb、advisablec、considerabled、probable32. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people_______C______ harm them.a、more thanb、other thanc、rather thand、better than33. ____C_______ lunch, the finance committee resumed the meeting.a、Having to eatb、Have to eatc、Having eatenc、Having eat34.When he applied for a ______D_______ in the office of the local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.a、locationb、professionc、careerd、position35.Much of their success can be ____A____ to Wilson.a、creditedb、cultivatedc、criticizedd、created36. Mr. Johnson preferred ______A________ heavier work to do.a、to be givenb、to be givingc、to have givend、having given37.She has devoted all her energies ___ B ____ the care of homeless people.a、intob、toc、ford、on38.I was just congratulating her ___ D _____ having won her race.a、forb、offc、ind、on39.Are there any matters _____ A ____ from the meeting held yesterday?a、arisingb、arousingc、risingd、raising40.She want to be a fashion model, but her parents didn’t ______B _____ her so doing.a、boast ofb、approve ofc、leave outd、suck up41..I'll take down your name and address in case you __ A __ as a witness.a. are neededb. will be neededc. needd. were needed42.Thank you for your cooperation. I'm really sorry to __ D __ your valuable time.a. takeb. be takingc. have had takend. have taken43.He listened to me __ D __ what Mr. Smith had said the day before.a. to repeatb. to be repeatedc. to repeatingd. repeat44. There are hundareds of missiles aimed ___ A _the main city.a .atb.toc.ond. over45.Everyone in the town knew him so we ____ A ____ his house.a. had no trouble in findingb. had not trouble in findingc. had not trouble to findd. had some trouble to find46. ___ B_____ twice, he didn't want to try again.a.To have failedb. Having failedc. Failedd. Having been failed47.The teacher's lecture on Chinese history was three hours long, and Morris felt very ___ B_________.a、upsetb、boredc、disturbedd、neglected48. There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck, out of ______A_ ____ open mouth the tea was supposed to come.a、whoseb、whichc、itsd、that49.Every dog that came _____A______ sight was a terror to me.a、inb、toc、atd、on50.It is forbidden by law to mail through parcel post any merchandise that might prove ____ A ______ in transport.a、dangerousb、dangerouslyc、with dangerd、to the danger51—Would you like to have dinner with us this evening?—__B_____.A. Ok, but I have to go to meeting now.B. Sorry, but this evening I have to go to the airport to meet my parents.C. No, I can’t.D. I don’t know.52—I have left my sports shoes at home.—___D____. Use mine, please.A. Here my shoes are.B. Here you’re.C. Here it is.D. Here they are.53—I’m sorry to take your umbrella b y mistake.—____A___.A. It doesn’t matter.B. You’re welcome.C. Not at all.D. That’s all right.54—_____C__?—I’ve got a pain in my head.A. How are you?B. How are things with you?C. What’s the matter?D. How about your body?55—May I sit here?—___ A ____.A. Please don’t.B. My pleasure.C. I’m afraid you can.D. You’re welcome.56、Has Jenny's plane landed? No, but it__ B _here in a few minutes.A、may have beenB、ought to beC、should have beenD、has to be57、It is essential to be on friendly__ D _with neighbors.A、connectionB、associationC、termsD、relationsB 58、It is___to make a long train journey to have a look at so beautiful a scene.A、worthB、worthwhileC、worthyD、deserveD 59、___in the earthquake, the theatre had to be renovated in 1956.A、Having damagedB、It was damagedC、DamagedD、Having been damagedC 60、On second day, he had his car thoroughly ______ before embarking on the journey.A、to be examinedB、being examinedC、examinedD、was examinedD61、This broadcast comes to us ______ from the stadium.A、livelyB、livingC、aliveD、liveA 62、The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly,___.A、her long hair flowing in the breezeB、her long hair was flowing in the breezeC、her long hair flowed in the breezeD、her long hair flow in the breezeB 63、The professor paused as if___his students to ask questions on the point he had just made.A、expectingB、to expectC、having expectedD、to have expectedB64、We must make some investigations___we can draw any conclusion.。
大学英语兰州大学考试
词汇与语法(Vocabulary and Structure)比如题目，Which is country, Canada or Russia?A. a largerB. largerC. the largerD. the largest解题分析：本题涉及形容词比较级和定冠词、冠词用法考查。
本句大意为：加拿大或俄罗斯，哪个国家更大呢？通过语境的理解可以知道，本题的核心含义是确立正确的比较级表达方式，即如何正确表示“更大”这个意思。
分析选项，因为D选项是largest，是large的最高级，而本题只有二者的比较，所以直接排除；另外，本题中的两个国家Canada or Russia都是特指的，所以前面应该用定冠词the，结合本题，排除A、B，本题选C。
再比如，After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small townhe grew as a child.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when解题分析：首先浏览四个选项，确立考点为定语从句关系词的正确使用。
再阅读题目涉及的context （语境），本题说：在巴黎生活了近50 年后，他回到了他曾经长大的小镇。
很明显，the small town为先行词，后面he grew as a child，为一个定语从句，结合填空处的关系副词，形成完整的定语从句契合结构。
根据语境含义，应该有where做为关系副词，表达“成长的地点”。
而which、that为关系代词，when虽未关系副词，但表达含义是“当…时候”，与本题不符。
综上所述，本题选C。
相关练习:1.Two amazing central parks in the past four years.A. are builtB. have been builtC. would be builtD. are building2.He has a lot of experience and we should it.A. communicate withB. look afterC. make use ofD. join in3.The reason he didn' t go to school yesterday was hewas ill.A. why；thatB. that；becauseC. that；thatD. for which；what3.阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)阅读理解的文章一般包括以下几类文体：说明文、应用文和论述文等。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：50
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Starting a new business can be a risky （）.问题1选项A.processingB.attemptingC.undertakingD.overhauling【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。
processing “加工”，attempting “试图”；undertaking “事业”，overhauling “翻修”。
句意：开始一项新业务是件个冒险的事。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial （）on your health.问题1选项A.impactB.generationC.dispositionD.dependence 【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。
impact “影响”;generation “一代，产生” ; disposition “性情，处置”;dependence “独立”。
句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。
选项A符合题意。
3.单选题Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly; he（） childhood processes from adult memory.问题1选项A.reconstructedB.incorporatedC.obstructedD.fostered【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。
reconstruct “重现，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct “阻塞，妨碍”；foster “培养，养育”。
句意：弗洛伊德间接性地推断出了儿童精神分析知识，从成年人的记忆中修复了儿时的记忆。
选项A符合题意。
4.单选题The medicine（） his pain but did not cure his illness.问题1选项A.activatedB.alleviatedC.mediatedD.deteriorated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
兰大大学英语试题及答案
兰大大学英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The new policy will come into _______ next month.A. effectB. useC. serviceD. operation答案：A2. He is too _______ to understand the truth of the matter.A. youngB. tallC. shortD. old答案：A3. The teacher asked us to _______ the text and then answer the questions.A. read throughB. go throughC. look throughD. get through答案：B4. The company has _______ a new marketing strategy to increase sales.A. carried outB. put forwardC. brought upD. come up with答案：D5. The _______ of the meeting has been changed to next Friday.A. dateB. timeC. placeD. subject答案：A6. She is _______ to be the best candidate for the job.A. likelyB. probableC. possibleD. potential答案：A7. The _______ of the project was delayed due to bad weather.A. completionB. accomplishmentC. achievementD. realization答案：A8. He is always _______ in his work and never makes mistakes.A. carefulB. cautiousC. meticulousD. thorough答案：D9. The book is _______ interesting that I can hardly put it down.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite答案：A10. The _______ of the old building has been approved by the city council.A. demolitionB. destructionC. removalD. pulling down答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The _______ (教授) gave us a lecture on the history of the English language.答案：professor2. She has a _______ (天赋) for music and can play the piano very well.答案：talent3. The _______ (会议) was postponed due to the heavy rain.答案：meeting4. He is a _______ (诚实的) person and always tells the truth. 答案：honest5. The _______ (经理) of the company announced the new policy. 答案：manager6. The _______ (孩子) are playing in the park.答案：children7. The _______ (科学家) made a great discovery in the fieldof physics.答案：scientist8. She is a _______ (护士) and works in a hospital.答案：nurse9. The _______ (工程师) designed a new type of bridge.答案：engineer10. The _______ (学生) are studying for their exams.答案：students三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，然后回答1-5题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：40
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题As the world’s largest grain exporter, the United States has （） power over the world food distribution system.问题1选项A.assortedB.unrivaledpoundedD.intrigued【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。
Assorted “各种各样的”；unrivaled “至高无上的,无敌的”；compounded “复合的,”intrigued “好奇的，被迷住的”。
句意：美国作为世界上最大的粮食出口国，对世界粮食分配系统有着最高的权利。
选项B符合题意。
2.单选题They did not realize that they had （）a crime by cutting down the tree.问题1选项A.performedB.undertakenC.mademitted【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。
perform “履行”; undertake “从事” ; make “制造”;commit “犯罪，承诺”。
句意：他们没有意识到砍树这件事情使他们犯罪了。
选项D符合题意。
3.单选题If we accept that we cannot prevent science and technology from changing our world, we can at least try to（1 ）that the changes they make are in the right directions. In a democratic society, this means that the public needs to have a basic understanding of science（2 ） it can make informed decisions and not （3 ） them in the hands of experts. At the moment, the public has a rather ambivalent attitude（4 ）science. It has come to expect the steady increase in the standard of（5 ） that new developments in science and technology have brought to continue, but it also distrusts science because it doesn’t understand it. This distrust is evident in the cartoon （6 ） of the mad scientist working in his laboratory to produce a Frankenstein. It is also an important （7 ） behind support for the Green parties.What can be done to（8 ）this interest and give the public the scientific background it needs to make informed decisions on subjects like acid rain, the greenhouse effect, nuclear weapons, and genetic engineering? Clearly, the basis must lie in what is taught in schools. But in schools science is often（9 ） in a dry and uninteresting manner. Children learn it by rote to pass examinations, and they don’t see its（10 ）to the world around them. Moreover, science is often taught in terms of equations. Although equations are a concise and accurate way of describing mathematics ideas, they frighten most people.问题1选项A.assessB.discernC.ensureD.anticipate问题2选项A.becauseB.so thatC.despite thatD.though问题3选项A.clutchB.leaveC.fabricateD.nurture问题4选项A.aboutB.withC.uponD.toward问题5选项A.livingB.lifeC.survivalD.lives 问题6选项A.literatureB.personC.artD.figure问题7选项A.roleB.conceptC.elementD.index问题8选项A.constrainB.harnessC.fosterD.extinguish问题9选项A.presentedB.conductedC.portrayedD.utilized问题10选项A.meaningB.contributionC.applicationD.relevance【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：78
2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A visitor to a museum today would notice （）changes in the way museums are operated.问题1选项A.cognitiveB.rigorousC.conspicuousD.exclusive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
cognitive “认知的”；rigorous “严格的，严厉的”；conspicuous “显著的”；exclusive “唯一的，独有的”。
句意：如果今天去博物馆参观，就会注意到博物馆的经营方式发生了显著的变化。
选项C符合题意。
2.单选题“Tear’ em apart “Kill the fool!” “Murder the referee!”These are common remarks one may hear at various sporting events. At the time they are made, they may seem innocent enough. But let’s not kid ourselves. They have been known to influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed. Volumes have been written about the way words affect us. It has been shown that words having certain connotations may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to what we consider to be our usual humanistic behavior. I see the term “opponent” as one of those words. Perhaps the time has come to delete it from sports terms.The dic tionary meaning of the term “opponent” is “adversary”，“enemy”，“one who opposes your interests. ’，Thus, when a player meets an opponent, he or she may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy. At such times, winning may dominate one’s intellect, and every ac tion, no matter how gross, may be considered justifiable. I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough. The player proceeded to rub his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then exclaimed. “Are they wet enough now?”In the heat of battle, players have been observed to throw themselves across the court without considering the consequences that such a move might have on anyone in their way. I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play. Off the court, they are good friends. Does that make any sense? It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which departs from normal behavior.Therefore, I believe it is time we elevated the game to the level where it belongs thereby setting an example to the rest of the sporting world. Replacing the term “opponent” with “associate” c ould be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the term “associate” is “colleague”；“friend”；“companion.” Reflect a moment! You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the term 1.“associate” rather than “opponent.”Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?2.Harsh words are spoken during games because the players （）3.What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?4.According to the passage, players in a game may （）.问题1选项A.Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.B.The words people use can influence their behavior.C.Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.D.Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.问题2选项A.are too eager to winB.are usually short-tempered and easily offendedC.cannot afford to be polite in fierce competitionD.treat their rivals as enemies问题3选项A.He refused to continue the game.B.He angrily hit the referee with a ball.C.He claimed that the referee was unfair.D.He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.问题4选项A.deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayB.keep on screaming and shouting throughout the gameC.lie down on the ground as an act of protestD.dash with the ball across the court with force【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。
2021年年全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题
年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生一方面将自己姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二原则答题卡上认真填写清晰，并按"考场指令"规定，将准考证号在原则答题卡上划好。
2. 试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(PaperTwo)答案都作答在原则答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3. 试卷一答题时必要使用28 铅笔，将所选答案按规定在相应位置涂黑:如要改正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在原则答题卡上指定区域。
4. 原则答题卡不可折叠，同步答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5. 听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15 秒左右答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension (30%)Section ADirections：In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers，At the end of each conversation，you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once，After you hear the question，read the four possible answers marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example.You will hear.Woman：1 fell faint.Man：No wonder You haven't had a bite all day Question：What's the matter with the woman? You will read.A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an antC. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answerNow let's begin with question Number 1.1 A. How to deal with his sleeping problem.B. The cause of his sleeping problem.C. What follows his insomnia.D. The severity of his medical problem.2. A.To take the medicine for a longer timeB. To discontinue the medication.C. To come to see her again.D. To switch to other medications.3. A.To tale it easy and continue to workB. To take a sick leave.C. To keep away from work.D. To have a follow-up.4.A. Fullness in the stomach.B. Occasional stomachache.C. Stomach distention.D. Frequent belches.5. A. extremely severe.B. Not very severe.C. More severe than expected.D. It's hard to say.6. A. He has lost some weight.B. He has gained a lot.C. He needs to exercise moreD. He is still overweight.7. A. She is giving the man an injectionB. She is listening to the man's heartC. She is feeling the man's pulse.D. She is helping the man stop shivering8. A. In the gym. B. In the officeC. In the clinic.D. In the boat.9 . A. Diarrhea. B. Vomiting.C. Nausea.D. Acold.10. A. She has developed allergies.B. She doesr1·t know what al|ergies are-C. She doesn't have any allergiesD. She has allergies treated already.11 A. Listen to music. B. Read magazines.C. Go play tennis.D. Stay in the house12 A She isn’t feeling well B. She is under pressure.C. She doesn't like the weather D She is feeling relieved13. A. Mlchael's wife was ill.B. Michael's daughter was illC. Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D. Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. A.She is absent-minded B. She is in high spirits.C. She is indifferent.D. She is compassionate.15. A. Ten years ago B. Five years ago.C. Fifteen years ago.D. Several weeks ago.Section BDirections：In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages，after each of which，you will hear five questions. After each question，read the four possibleanswers marked A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of .your choice on the ANSWER SHEETDialogue16. A.A blood test.B. A gastroscopyC. A chest X-ray exam.D. A barium X-ray test.17. A.To lose some weight.B. To take a few more testsC. To sleep on three pillows.D. To eat smaller lighter meals18. A. Potato chips. B. Chicken. C. Cereal. D. fish.19 . A. Ulcer B. Cancer C. Depression D. Hernia20. A. He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B. He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C. He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D. He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21 A. Anew concept of diabetesB. The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C. The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D. The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A. Because it vaporizes easily.B. Because it becomes overactive easily.C. Because it is usually in injection form.D. Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.23. A. The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longerB.The findings provide insight into how insulin works.C. Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D. Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A. It is stable at room temperature for several years.B. It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C. It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D. It is more chemically complex.25. A. Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B. How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C. Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin.D. What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar form blood. PassageTwo26 . A. Vegetative patients are more aware.B. Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.C. EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patientsD. We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.27 A. The left-hand side of the brain.B. The right-hand side of the brain.C The central part of the brain.D. The front part of the brain28. A. 31 B. 6. C.4. D. 129. A. The patient was brain-deadB. The patient wasn't brain-dead.C. The patient had some control over his eye movements.D. The patient knew the movement he or she was making30. A. The patient is no technically vegetative.B. The patient can communicate in some way.C. We can train the patient of speak.D. The family members and doctors can provide better care.Part 11 Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection：In this section，all the sentences are incomplete. Four word- or phrases marked A，B，C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the word orphrase that best completes the sentence，then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET31 Despite his doctor’s note of caution，he never __ from drinking and smokingA. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to _ their hearingA. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilizeD.supplement33. Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to _ Larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. When the supporting finds were reduced，they should have revised their planA. accordingly B alternatively C. considerably D. relatively35. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_ _ future adults with appreciation of music.A acquaint B. familiarized C. endow D. amuse36. If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices，then inflation should be subsided when energy pricesA. level out B stand out C come off D. wear off37 Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma，asbestosis and internal organ cancers，and of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. Ebola，which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine，and semen，can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. The newly designed system is to genetic transfections，and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenableSection BDirections：Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which can best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41 Every year more than 1,000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists，prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients，but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. Survivors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude..A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone，a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A. negativeB. confusingC. eloquentD. indistinct45. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessonsfrom them，but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47 The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench itA. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze (10%)Directions：In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank，there are four choices marked A，B，C and 0 on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases，51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton，UK，a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeksafter giving birth，52 tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby's cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father，53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child 's body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the first 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier But this is not the case -- microchimerism ，55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child，is thought to be quite common，with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 percent of cases and to go the other way about half 56 .As the BBC pointed out，the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer in this case at least，lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells，which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result，no attack against the invaders was launched.59 according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of "cancer danger" Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby's immune system is extremely low51 A. suggests B. suggestingC. having suggestedD. suggested52. A. since B. althoughC. whereasD. when53. A. what B. whomC. whoD.as54. A. predicted B. notoriousC. provenD. detailed55. A. where B. whenC. ifD. whatever56. A. as many B. as muchC. as wellD. as often57 A. threat B. puzzleC.obstacleD. dilemma58. A. detection B. deletionC. amplificationD. addition59. A. Therefore B. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Conclusively60. A. likelihood B. functionC. influenceD. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions：In this part there are six passages，each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETPassage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference thisweek，going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review，including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.First of all，it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments，engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests，and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percent?Ask Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene，two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma，a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say，a 100 percent response to a cancer drug (or in this case a drug cocktail) is more or less unheard of. Moreover，this combination never would've been two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads togetherAre there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary information?Who's to say，but it seems like withthe amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development，the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent，we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word：cure.61 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Competition and CooperationB. Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News：a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. In cancer drug development，according to the passage，the pharmaceuticals nowA. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lion's shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. From the encouraging advance by the two companies，we can infer thatA. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question _A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. The tone of the author of this passage seems to beA. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. optimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the U.S.，chiefly because once it's determined that a patient needs a new liver it's very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found，there's guarantee a transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab，successfully transplanting culture-gown livers into rats.The livers aren't grown from scratch，but rather within the infrastructure of a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells，leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place，the researchers then seeded the scaffold (支架) with liver cells isolated from healthy livers，as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells，these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats，where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats' vascular systems. However the current method isn't perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can't keep functioning for more than about 24 hours (hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplant)But the initial successes are promising，and the team thinks they can overcomethe blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic，but if nothing goes horribly wrong-and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intended toA. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB. explore the unknown functions of the human liverC. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the U.S.D. address the source of liver transplants67 What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren't grown from scratch?A. The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.B. A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.C. The building of the infrastructure of a donor liverD. Growing liver cells in the donor organ68. The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab untilA. duplicated syntheticallyB. isolated from the healthy liverC. repopulated with the healthy cellsD. the addition of some man-made blood vessels69. What seems to be the problem in the planted liver?A. The rats as wrong recipients.B. The time point of the transplantation .C. The short period of the recellularization.D. The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.70. The research team holds high hopes ofA. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB. the timetable for generating human livers in the labC. stem-cell research as the future of medicineD. building a fully functioning liver into ratsPassage ThreePatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical burns typically experience severe damage to the cornea--the thin，transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye's focusing ability. In a long-term study，Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus，the border between the cornea and the white of the eye，to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study，the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients，and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover，the restored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year，with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful in several patients whose burn injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient's healthy eye，or from the eyes of another person，and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure，however stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient's own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring blindness，but the long-term effectiveness shownhere is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea；it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace，but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The results of the study，based at Italy's University of Modena and Reggio Emilia，were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.71 What is the main idea of this passage?A. Stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by burns.B. The vision in the eyes blinded by burns for 10 years can be restored.C. The restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for 10 years.D. The burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons.72. The Italian technique reported in this passageA. can repair damaged retinasB. is able to treat damaged optic nervesC. is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD. shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea73. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye burns?A. The places in which people work.B. The accidents that involve using household cleaning products.C. The mishaps that involved vehicles batteries.D. The disasters caused by battery explosion at home.74. What is one of the requirements for the current approach?A. The stem cells taken from a healthy eye.B. The patient physically healthy.C. The damaged eye with partial vision.D. The blindness due to damaged optic nerves.75. Which of the following words can best describe the author's attitude towards the new method?A. Sarcastic.B. Indifferent.C. Critical.D. PositivePassage FourHere is a charming statistic：divide the US by race，sex and county of residence，and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country：a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County，South Dakota，for example，will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations，health inequalities based on race，sex and class exist in most societies--and are only partly explained by access to healthcare.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail (开创)，after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city's black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity，so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder，thanks to pioneering studies of British civilservants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation .Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health，similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health，in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects，biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a "soft science" with little that's serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle--fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics，or crude race-based medicineIt's time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important，it's time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications，not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites，rich and poor76. As shown in the 1st paragraph，the shaming statistic reflects -A. injustice everywhereB. racial discriminationC. a growing life spanD. health inequalities77. Which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based project?A. Where to live.B. Which race to belong toC. How to adjust environmentally.D. What medical problem to suffer.78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment79. Which of the following can most probably neglected by sociologists?A. The racial perspective.B. The environmental aspect.C. The biological dimension.D. The psychological angel.80. The author is a big fan ofA. the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB. the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC. the mutual understanding and respect between racesD. public education and health promotionPassage FiveAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine，according to a report published online Thursday，July 8，，in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains，more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered ，according to a report on the findings published in。
兰大考博英语试题
2001年兰州大学2007年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section I1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcassesA. destroyB. identifyC. RemoveD. compare2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urbanaffairsA. outlandishB. Remote C exempted D. exclusive3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making either would do.A. advantageousB. convenientC. identifiableD. equivalent4. With the dawn of space exploration, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the systemwas strengthenedA. continuationB. beginningC. expansionD. Outcome5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age the five Great Lakes of North America were formedA. meltedB. advanced C evaporated D. exploded6. New York is a shopper's paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department storesor rifle though goods displayed on street barrowsA. a fortuneB. a dimeC. MuchD. quite lot7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from onearea and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfullyB. SubsequentlyC. RandomlyD. mercilessly8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9. Of the thousands of known volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are dormantA. unchartedB. unpredictableC. MinorD. inactive10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.A. independent ofB. nearC. obscured byD. within11. One of California's most acute problems is an inadequate water supply.A. criticalB. unusualC. PersistentD. unexpected12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at leastas many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.A. prospectB. StagesC. AspectD. activity13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14.It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was foolish.A. requiringB. sendingC. buyingD. applying15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend16.In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting it at somedistance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.A proscribing B. Protruding C. Provoking D. protracting17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition toB. in spite ofC. because ofD. with regard to18. Most meat-eating animals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. NourishmentC. tragicD. unpardonable20.How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of twohundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at leastC. exactlyD. fewer thanSection II (20%)21.Not until the eighteenth century _____the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A. when scientists began to appreciateB. did scientists begin to appreciateC. scientists who were beginning to appreciateD. the appreciation of scientists began22. Pewte, ____ for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper orbismuth added for hardness.A. widely used itB. was widely usedC. which widely usedD. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States President whose oath of office ____by a woman, Judge SarahTilghman Hughes.A. was administeredB. being directedC. was accomplishedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach _____ ends in the small intestine.A. whenB. whileC. AndD. because25.___fee growth of manufacturing and other industries, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavilydependent on oil and gas.A. AsB. DespiteC. ThoughD. In case26. Probably at about the same time speech, ____laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought aboutC. EvolvedD. resulted27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is ____in a small park surrounded by a number ofimpressive government buildings.A. located B- secluded C formed D. Spotted28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, ____ to cross-bredflocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing attentionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29. Researchers ____ that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it toact more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set up C have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enables us to get along with one another and ___ where we insociety.A. to determineB. determineC. to the determinationD. by determining31. If pollution continues to increase _____the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause theonset of an ice age in about fifty years time.A. withB. inC. ByD. at32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with____ that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the messageC. MessagesD. information33. Americans view business _____based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more firmlyC. as being more firmlyD. as is more firmly34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, ____astonishing expansion credited largely to theMorrill Act of 1862.A was B. because C. to which D. an35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils ____rancid when exposed to air, and thusextend their shelf life.A. from becomingB. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that ……example is better than ____”A. statementB. lessonC. ProverbD. precept37.Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, _____sometimes they are white,various shades of brown or black.A but that B. though C. however D. therefore38. ____they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39.___in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water.A Plants are widely spaced B. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40. Faults in the Earth's crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, _____interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where theyD. thus it。
博士考试试题及答案英语
博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案：D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案：A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案：A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案：D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案：A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案：C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案：C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案：C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案：bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案：savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案：ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案：enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案：eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案：loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案：complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案：strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案：inquisitive三、阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
兰大大学英语网考真题二
1. We even have no idea ____will happen, so we all feel nervous.in whichin whatof whatof which本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： of what标准答案： of what2. Never before _______ see such a terrible car accident on the road!I havehave II diddid I本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： did I标准答案： did I3. _______gravity , there would be life on moon.There wereIf there wasWere thereIf there had been本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： Were there标准答案： Were there4. What I would do is to go ______really quietly somewherereally quiet somewheresomewhere really quietlysomewhere really quiet本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： somewhere really quiet标准答案： somewhere really quiet5. Had he worked harder, he _______ the exams.must have got throughwould have got throughwould get throughcould get through本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： would have got through标准答案： would have got through6. The dry facts of history ________ flesh and blood under his pen.carry outthanks totake onlead to本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： take on标准答案： take on7. ______advantages geographical location, Jersey City became commercially importance early in its history.Since itsItsThat itsBecause of its本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： Because of its标准答案： Because of its8. English is _____ useful language, isn’t it?aanthex本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： a标准答案： a9. Uncle Sam sent him a _______ bicycle as a birthday present.red sports newsports new rednew sports rednew red sports本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： new red sports标准答案： new red sports10. When the owner ran out ______the street,intoofonin本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： into标准答案： into11. Will you_________ me a favor, please?domakebringgive本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： do标准答案： do12. Shall we sit up here on the grass or down there near the water? _____.I'd rather stay here if you don't mindSorry, I don't like neitherCertainly, why notCertainly, why not本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： I'd rather stay here if you don't mind标准答案： I'd rather stay here if you don't mind13. This kind of material expands ____ the temperature increasing.toforwithat本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： with标准答案： with14. No sooner had we reached home_____ a violent storm broke out.whenthatuntilthan本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： than标准答案： than15. Your ship goes into ______ time part every day if you make a five-day journey across the Atlantic Ocean.a differentthe samean interestinga moving本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： a different标准答案： a different16. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ______ other more well informed experimenters faile;whichthatwhatwhere本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： where标准答案： where17. Last weekend, I went to see a film _______Gong Li with my parents.starsstarredstarringis starring本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： starring标准答案： starring18. Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship _____ with all kinds of goods.loadingbeing loadedto be loadedhaving loaded本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： being loaded标准答案： being loaded19. The door was _____and I could not see who she was talking to.shutshuttedshuttingbeing shut本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： shut标准答案： shut20. David injured his leg playing football yesterday. Really? _____.Who did thatWhat's wrong with himHow did that happenWhy was he so careless本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： How did that happen标准答案： How did that happen21. You can take as many as you like because these handouts are free of _______.farechargemoneypay本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： charge标准答案： charge22. May I use your bike for a moment? _____.It's wellIt doesn't matterBy all meansI have no idea本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： By all means标准答案： By all means23. -- May I borrow your paper --_____.By all meansNever mindYou are welcomeIt's my pleasure本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： By all means标准答案： By all means24. Since she is angry, we ______.had better leaving her aloneshould better leaving her alonemight as well leave her alonehad rather leave her alone本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 0.0用户解答： might as well leave her alone标准答案： had rather leave her alone25. If she wants to stay thin, she must make a _____ in her diet.changeturnrungo本题分值： 4.0用户得分： 4.0用户解答： change标准答案： change。
最新兰大入学测试题--英语(含答案)
英语考试试题第一部分：单项选择题31.If the test taker finds an item to which an answer is not known, it may be ___ B _____ to leave it blank and go on with the test.a、valuableb、advisablec、considerabled、probable32. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people_______C______ harm them.a、more thanb、other thanc、rather thand、better than33. ____C_______ lunch, the finance committee resumed the meeting.a、Having to eatb、Have to eatc、Having eatenc、Having eat34.When he applied for a ______D_______ in the office of the local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.a、locationb、professionc、careerd、position35.Much of their success can be ____A____ to Wilson.a、creditedb、cultivatedc、criticizedd、created36. Mr. Johnson preferred ______A________ heavier work to do.a、to be givenb、to be givingc、to have givend、having given37.She has devoted all her energies ___ B ____ the care of homeless people.a、intob、toc、ford、on38.I was just congratulating her ___ D _____ having won her race.a、forb、offc、ind、on39.Are there any matters _____ A ____ from the meeting held yesterday?a、arisingb、arousingc、risingd、raising40.She want to be a fashion model, but her parents didn’t ______B _____ her so doing.a、boast ofb、approve ofc、leave outd、suck up41..I'll take down your name and address in case you __ A __ as a witness.a. are neededb. will be neededc. needd. were needed42.Thank you for your cooperation. I'm really sorry to __ D __ your valuable time.a. takeb. be takingc. have had takend. have taken43.He listened to me __ D __ what Mr. Smith had said the day before.a. to repeatb. to be repeatedc. to repeatingd. repeat44. There are hundareds of missiles aimed ___ A _the main city.a .atb.toc.ond. over45.Everyone in the town knew him so we ____ A ____ his house.a. had no trouble in findingb. had not trouble in findingc. had not trouble to findd. had some trouble to find46. ___ B_____ twice, he didn't want to try again.a.To have failedb. Having failedc. Failedd. Having been failed47.The teacher's lecture on Chinese history was three hours long, and Morris felt very ___ B_________.a、upsetb、boredc、disturbedd、neglected48. There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck, out of ______A_ ____ open mouth the tea was supposed to come.a、whoseb、whichc、itsd、that49.Every dog that came _____A______ sight was a terror to me.a、inb、toc、atd、on50.It is forbidden by law to mail through parcel post any merchandise that might prove ____ A ______ in transport.a、dangerousb、dangerouslyc、with dangerd、to the danger51—Would you like to have dinner with us this evening?—__B_____.A. Ok, but I have to go to meeting now.B. Sorry, but this evening I have to go to the airport to meet my parents.C. No, I can’t.D. I don’t know.52—I have left my sports shoes at home.—___D____. Use mine, please.A. Here my shoes are.B. Here you’re.C. Here it is.D. Here they are.53—I’m sorry to take your umbrella by mistake.—____A___.A. It doesn’t matter.B. You’re welcome.C. Not at all.D. That’s all right.54—_____C__?—I’ve got a pain in my head.A. How are you?B. How are things with you?C. What’s the matter?D. How about your body?55—May I sit here?—___ A ____.A. Please don’t.B. My pleasure.C. I’m afraid you can.D. You’re welcome.56、Has Jenny's plane landed? No, but it__ B _here in a few minutes.A、may have beenB、ought to beC、should have beenD、has to be57、It is essential to be on friendly__ D _with neighbors.A、connectionB、associationC、termsD、relationsB 58、It is___to make a long train journey to have a look at so beautiful a scene.A、worthB、worthwhileC、worthyD、deserveD 59、___in the earthquake, the theatre had to be renovated in 1956.A、Having damagedB、It was damagedC、DamagedD、Having been damagedC 60、On second day, he had his car thoroughly ______ before embarking on the journey.A、to be examinedB、being examinedC、examinedD、was examinedD61、This broadcast comes to us ______ from the stadium.A、livelyB、livingC、aliveD、liveA 62、The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly,___.A、her long hair flowing in the breezeB、her long hair was flowing in the breezeC、her long hair flowed in the breezeD、her long hair flow in the breezeB 63、The professor paused as if___his students to ask questions on the point he had just made.A、expectingB、to expectC、having expectedD、to have expectedB64、We must make some investigations___we can draw any conclusion.A、sinceB、beforeC、untilD、whenD65、The captain received an order that the rescue work___owing to an approaching storm. A、stopB、stopsC、stoppedD、be stoppedA 66、You___us about his departure a week ago.A、ought to have toldB、have toldC、had toldD、might as well tellB67、Many a boy___tried, but ___have succeeded.A、have, manyB、has, fewC、has, a fewD、have, a numberB68、___after his death that he was recognized as a great composer.A、It is untilB、It was untilC、Not untilD、It was not untilD69、The experiment___the discovery of a cure for cancer.A、set upB、called offC、resulted inD、longed forB70、See you later, Jenny. I'm glad___with you for six months.A、to having workedB、to have workedC、to workD、to workingB 71、She looked as if she___miseries of all sorts while telling us her life in the country. A、experiencedB、had experiencedC、experienceD、should experienceB72、Jones seems interested in___you have told her.A、all thatB、all whatC、thatD、thisC73、I appreciate___that letter for meA、Tonny to writeB、Tonny writeC、Tonny writingD、that Tonny writeB74、The coach, together with his team players, ______ warmly welcomed when they got off the train.A、wereB、wasC、has beenD、beA75、I___like that had you told me the truth earlier.A、would not have doneB、would not doC、will not doD、would doD 76、To make room for more machinery, the factory___now.A、is enlargedB、is to enlargeC、is to be enlargingD、is being enlargedD77、A student of average intelligence can be a top student. Cathy is a___in point.A、exampleB、instanceC、caseD、illustrationC78、It was because the applicant was too conceited ___he failed in the interview.A、soB、thatC、so thatD、thereforeB79、She was honest enough to admit___errors in judgment on more than one occasion.A、to makeB、makingC、to commitD、being committedB80、Mother asks Sally ______ up as early as usual though it is Sunday.A、getsB、gotC、had gotD、getA 81 The doctor ___she sent her friend is very famous.A to whomB to whoseC whomD at whomC 82 The day ____you are looking forward to will certainly come.A in whichB whenC whichD whatC83 Is oxygen the only gas _____helps fire burnA which B_____ C that D itA84 Those ____not only from books but through practice will succeed.A who learnB whoC who learnsD learnB85 It is the second time ____you have made such a mistake.A whatB thatC whichD whenC 8 6 Please pass me the book ____cover is green.A thatB whichC whoseD whoA 87 The doctor ___she sent her friend is very famous.A to whomB to whoseC whom d at whomD8 8 Who ___has common sense will do such a thing?A whoB whomC whichD thatD 89 That tree, the branches___are almost bare ,is a very old one.A whoseB in whichC on whichD of whichB90 The babies ____are very healthy.A after whom the nurses lookB whom the nurses look afterC whom the nurses lookD whom the nurses look after themC 91 There is a great deal of oxygen around us,____we could not live.A without itB whichC without whichD thatB92 I can’t believe that restaurant,____I have eaten such wonderful meals ,is going to close down.A at whereB at whichC whichD in whichA93 What especially impressed us was the way____our teacher studied foreign language.A /B whichC by whichD whatD94 The students in Tianjin are using the sane teaching books_____we are now using.A whoseB thatC whichD asA95 The beautiful dress ____ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.A in whichB wearing whichC thatD wearing thatC 96 My hometown is no longer the same ___ it used to be.A likeB thatC asD whichB97 She hasn’t got enough money ___ to buy the rings.A for whichB with whichC thatD whichD98 The Second World War ____millions of people were killed in 1945.A on whichB whereC in thatD during whichA 99 Do you know the reason ___she got so angry yesterday?A whyB whichC for thatD for whyD100 I’ll show you the store ____you may buy all ____you need.A that ,thatB which, thatC where ,whichD in which,/D 101 Can you lend me the book ____the other day?A which you talkedB that you talkedC you talkedD you talked aboutB102 This is one of the best films___this year.A which has been shownB that have been shownC that have shownD have been shownA103 The re isn’t so much noise in the country ____ in big cities.A asB whereC WhichD thatA104 He talked happily about the men and books____interested him greatly in the school.A thatB whenC whoD whichB105 Lily would never forget the evening ____ she lost the ring.A whichB whenC at whichD whereB 106 They talked for about an hour of things and persons ___ they remembered in the school.A whichB thatC whoD whomB107 All ___is a supply of fuel oil.A what is neededB that is neededC the thing is neededD for their needD 108 Those ___ want to see the film please put down your names here.A whichB whatC whoseD whoD 109、______ clear was his statement that it couldn’t be misunderstood.A、TooB、EnoughC、MuchD、SoA110、Like ______ other language skills, reading requires practice.A、most of theB、the mostC、much of theD、the moreA 111.She is my child, and I am______for her.A.responsibleB. primaryC. loyalD. particular学习-----好资料。
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兰州大学 2003 年招收攻读博士学位研究生英语考试试题Section Ⅰ(20%)1.To control intelligence in the attempt to insure only benevolentconsequences would sentence the human race to ignorance, stagnation and decadence, and probably would be impossible.A. deceptionB. declineC. revelationD. disclosure2. During the 1800s and early 1900s the academic disciplines such aschemistry and physics made great headway.A. sacrificeB. progressC. forefrontD. preconceptions3. The purpose of the law is to prevent discrimination on the grounds of.SexA. nationalityB. raceC. genderD. profession4. The governor`s helicopter hovered over the field for a long time beforelanding.A. stayedB. adjustedC. confrontedD. subdued5.The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it wasor even where it came from.A. loudB. frighteningC. generalD. indistinct6.An understanding of the quantum theory is vital in the study ofsolid-state physics.A. helpfulB. aliveC. acquiredD. essential7. No longer is the population of that county as nearly homogeneous as it once was .A. united in political outlookB. uniform throughoutC. inclined toward cooperationD. politically conservative8.It is not possible for people to remember everything that they have thought, felt, or done.A. appreciateB. recallC. repeatD. discuss9. Much to Michael`s surprise, his professional competence and languid manner attracted clients to his law practice.A. showing understandingB. sharp and preciseC. lacking vigorD. positive and unswerving10.Probably the only protection for contemporary man is to discoverhow to use his intelligence in the service of love and kindness.A. modernB. simultaneousC. meditativeD. considering11.But even more scandalous is the treatment the society inflicts on themajority of people during their youth and their maturity.A. imposesB. suffersC. affectsD. brings12. To the astonishment of his colleagues, he appeared to regard hesuggestion as a panacea.A. universally welcome thoughtB. practical solutionC. remedy for all difficultiesD. laughable idea13. The American lost the nuclear weapon monopoly when the Sovietsexpioded their first atomic bomb.A. businessB. controlC. superiorityD. pribilege14. Migrant worker have difficulty finding steady employment.A. eligibleB. transientC. diligentD. Unmotivated15.The campaign seemed to signal a switch in the paper`s editorialpolicy.A. orientationB. reversalC. adjustmentD. changeover16. A darkened sky in the daytime is usually an indication that a storm isimminent.A .expected to be severe B. close byC. about to take placeD. possibly coming17.During the 1800s, hunters and trappers returned from theYellowstone region with reports of strange natural wonders.A. marvelsB. occurrencesC. thoughtsD. surprises18.Because of harsh weather conditions, more than a dozen states inthe United States wer declared disaster areas in 1977.A. improbableB. bizarreC. moistD. Severe19. The fundamental element of a word is known as its root.A. finalB. basicC. importantD. simple20.Flying may be classified as energy technology, but modern aviationwould be impossible without elaborate electronic communications and controls.A. sophisticatedB. skillfulC. inflamedD. powerful SectionⅡ(20%)21. A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, he is likely tosmile and reach out to another infant.A. ifB. wheneverC. whereasD. so that22. When he arrived, he found the aged and the sick at home.A. no other thanB. none other thanC. nothing butD. none but23. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas today and are beingmodified by the work of scientists of our time.A. are challengingB. are to challengeC. may be challengedD. have been challenged24.Man has been profoundly concerned and anxious about his ability tosurvive in the face of his comparative physical weaknessesand the multiple dangers of his environment.A. positivelyB. wiselyC. extremelyD. increasingly25. The new appointment of our president from the verybeginning of next semester.A. takes effectB. takes partC. takes placeD. takes turns26.Lightning is a of electrical current from a cloud to the ground of fromone cloud to another.A. ribbonB. rainbowC. rackD. rush27. It has been revealed that some government leaders theirauthority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.A. abuseB. employC. takeD. overlook28. A healthy life is frequently thought to be with the opencountryside and homegrown food.A. tiedB. associatedC. boundD. involved\29.Jean doesn`t want to work right away because she thinks that if shea job she probably wouldn`t be able to see her friends veryoften.A. had gotB. has to getC. were to getD. could have got30. They took measures to prevent poisonous gases fromesvaping.A. fruitfulB. effectiveC. beneficialD. valid\31. She was so in her job that she didn`t hear anybodyknocking at the door.A. drawnB. attractedC. absorbedD. concentrated32. The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that noamount of money could .A. make up forB. stand up toC. come up withD. put up with33. You will want two tress about ten feet apart, from to suspendyour tent.A. thereB. whereC. whichD. them34. It is recommended that the project until all the preparationshave been made.A. is not to be startedB. is not startedC. will not be startedD. not be started35. He decided to make further improvements on the computer`s designthe light of the requirements of customers.A. onB. inC. forD. with36. for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.A. Had it not beenB. Not beingC. Without beingD. Not having been37. We don`t need air conditioning .A. nor can we afford itB. and nor we can afford itC. neither can afford itD. and we can neither afford it38. We to start our own business, but we never had enoughmoney.A. have hopedB. had hopedC. would hopeD. should hope39. He made such a contribution to the university that they arenaming one of the new buildings after him.A. generousB. genuineC. minimiumD. modest40. We desire that the tour leader us immediately of any changein plants.A. has informedB. informsC. informedD. informPart Two Translation (40%)Section Ⅰ(From English into Chinese)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (20%)What does the phase“Stats Wars”mean? (1) “Stats Wars”is a United States research program designed to determine whether a defense system can be built to block intercontinental ballistic missiles. Its official name is the Strategic Defense Initiative. The long-range goal is the erection of aspace “shield”to destroy enemy warheads after the are launched,while they are in space flight or as they re-enter the atmosphere.Space-based and land-based weapons would include several varieties of X-ray and other lasers; nonexplosive projiectiles called “smart rocks”, and other devices. (2) The weapons would require advanced computers and other technologies to detect the missiles and computers their paths,to ditect intercepting weapons over great distances and to maintain constant communications between the many component parts of the overall system.Where did the idea come from? (3) In March 1983, in a speechproposing that nuclear weapons be made “impotent and obsolete.”President Reagan stepped up the pace of missile-defense research. Hewas urged on by , among others, Dr. Edward Teller, who led developmentof the hydrogen bomb.What is the status of the program? (4) The administration has suggested spending $33 billion on “Star Wars”over six fiscal years, spending would probably rise sharply later. Some preliminary lasers have, in fact, been tested and have hit targets in space; and an anti-satellite weapon, which represent a related element of missile defense, has been fired at and destroyed a satellite.Few of the basic building blocks of a sonce network are now available, (5) and the best estimate are that it will not be before the late 1980`s that an assessmentcan be made as to whether a defense shield would actually work.Section Ⅱ (From Chinese into English)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the under lined sentences into English. (20%)我为乘客服务（6）有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。