东北大学考博英语题型分析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：61
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Passage One⑴None of the much flaunted appeals of cigarette advertisers, such as superior taste and mildness, induces us to become smokers or to choose one brand in preference to another. Despite the emphasis put on such qualities by advertisers, they are minor considerations. This is one of the first facts we discovered when we asked several hundred people from all walks of life, why they liked to smoke cigarettes. Smoking is as much a psychological pleasure as it is a physiological satisfaction.What is the nature of this psychological pleasure? It can be traced to the universal desire for self-expression. (2) None of us ever completely outgrows our childhood. We are constantly hunting for the carefree enjoyment we knew as children. As we grew older, we had to subordinate our pleasures to work and to the necessity for unceasing effort. Smoking, for many of us, then, became a substitute for our early habit of following the whims of the moment; it becomes a legitimate excuse for interrupting work and snatching a moment of pleasure.Most of us are hungry for rewards. We want to be patted on the back. A cigarette is a reward that we can give ourselves as often as we wish. When we have done anything well, for instance, we can congratulate ourselves with a cigarette, which certifies, in effect, that we have been “good boys.”Passage Two(3) There is increasing media coverage surrounding carbon footprints. Businesses are facing mounting stakeholder pressure to show their commitment to measuring and reducing carbon emissions. As awareness amongst consumers is growing, organizations are being asked to report on the activities they are undertaking to reduce their carbon footprint. Until recently, most carbon offsets were commonly done by planting trees.Yet how effective are new trees in offsetting the carbon footprint? A new study suggests that the location of the new trees is an important factor when considering such carbon offset projects. (4) Planting and preserving forests in the tropics is more likely to slow down global warming. But the study concludes that planting new trees in certain parts of the planet may actually warm the Earth. The new study, which combines climate and carbon-cycle effects of large-scale deforestation in a fully interactive three-dimensional climate-carbon model, confirms that planting more tropical rainforests could help slow global warming worldwide.The research, led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory atmospheric scientist Govindasamy Bala, appears in the April 9-13 online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.According to the study, new forests in mid-to high-latitude locations could actually create a net warming. Specifically, more trees in mid-latitude locations like the United States and most of Europe would only create marginal benefits from a climate perspective. But those extra trees in the boreal forests of Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia could actually be counterproductive, Bala said.Forests affect climate in three different ways: they absorb the greenhouse gas ― carbon dioxide — from the atmosphere and help keep the planet cool; they evaporate water to the atmosphere and increase cloudiness, which also helps keep the planet cool; and they are dark and absorb sunlight (the albedo effect), warming the Earth. Previous climate change mitigation strategies that promote planting trees have taken only the first effect into account.“Our study shows that only tropical rainforests are strongly beneficial in helping slow down global warming,” Bala said. “It is a win-win situation in the tropics because trees in the tropics, in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide, promote convective clouds that help to cool the planet. In other locations, the warming from the albedo effect either cancels or exceeds the net cooling from the other two effects.”The study concludes that by the year 2100, forests in mid-and high-latitudes will make some places up to 10 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than would have occurred if the forests did not exist.(5) The authors caution that the cooling from deforestation outside the tropics should not be viewed as a strategy for mitigating climate change. “Preservation of ecosystems is a primary goal of preventing global warming, and the destruction of ecosystems to prevent global warming would be a counterpr oductive and perverse strategy.” Said Ken Caldeira, from the Carnegie Institution and a co-author of this report.Directions: Each of the following two passages has some underlined parts. Translate the underlined parts into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.【答案】Passage One（1）【参考译文】香烟广告商所十分炫耀的香烟吸引力中，如出众的味道和温和，没有一种引诱我们去变为吸烟者或偏好地选择一个品牌。
【VIP专享】东北大学英语考试
东北大学博士研究生入学考试英语科目（1001）考试规定东北大学博士生入学考试英语试题共有4部分：完形填空（15%）、阅读理解(45%)、翻译（20%）、写作（20%）。
考试时间为180分钟。
一、测试目标：此考试旨在通过笔试形式，检测考生在科研、学习、工作中对于英语的文字处理能力，即读、写、译的准确程度、熟练程度和速度。
二、题型结构：1. 完形填空（Cloze）：本部分以段落为单位，为考生提供一定的语境，旨在考查学生对上下文理解的准确程度，同时，甄选恰当、准确表达的能力。
此部分30小题，每题0.5分，总计15分。
2．阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）：阅读理解分作2部分，仔细阅读（Close Reading）和快速阅读（Fast Reading）。
仔细阅读以段落为单位，为考生提供相对完整的信息链条，要求考生在规定时间内阅读文章，并根据其内容按题目要求从每题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案回答问题，以检验理解的准确程度，把握细节的敏锐性和信息分析、推理能力。
此部分分为4个相对独立的短文，阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为2500词左右，共设30个问题。
每题1分，总计30分。
快速阅读以段落为单位，为考生提供一定长度的文章，要求其在较短时间内通过跳读（skim and scan）获取指定信息，旨在考察考生在日常生活和科研活动中用英文准确、快速获取信息的能力。
此部分分为2-3个相对独立的短文，阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为2000词左右，设15个问题。
每题1分，总计15分。
3．翻译：本部分主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性，要求将具有一定语境的段落或句子翻译成中文，题型可有两种形式：A.将阅读理解短文中的句子翻译成汉语；B.给出一个短文，翻译短文中的某些段落。
翻译的总量不少于250英文单词。
从译文的语言判断考生的翻译能力。
此部分总计20分。
4．写作：本部分旨在检测考生的英文文字组织能力，语言表述能力，以及英文写作的基本表达、写作格式、学术性文章的标点符号使用的基本知识。
东北大学博士研究生入学考试英语科目考试规定
180分钟
东北大学博士生入学考试日语科目（1102）考试规定
东北大学博士生入学考试日语试题包括基础日语、科技日语两部分，共由五种题型构成，满分100分。题型及所占卷面分值比重分别为：文字与词汇（15%）、语法（15%）、读解（30%）、日译汉（20%）、写作（20%）。考试时间为180分钟。
二、题型结构：
1.完形填空（Cloze）：
本部分以段落为单位，为考生提供一定的语境，旨在考查学生对上下文理解的准确程度，同时，甄选恰当、准确表达的能力。
此部分30小题，每题0.5分，总计15分。
2．阅读理解（ReadingComprehension）：
阅读理解分作2部分，仔细阅读（Close Reading）和快速阅读（Fast Reading）。仔细阅读以段落为单位，为考生提供相对完整的信息链条，要求考生在规定时间内阅读文章，并根据其内容按题目要求从每题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案回答问题，以检验理解的准确程度，把握细节的敏锐性和信息分析、推理能力。此部分分为4个相对独立的短文，阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为2500词左右，共设30个问题。每题1分，总计30分。
一、测试目标：本考试旨在通过笔试形式考查考生在科研、学习、工作中对日语的实际应用能力，即重点考察读、写、译的准确度、熟练度及速度。
二、题型结构：
1．文字与词汇：
本部分以选择题的形式考查对文字词汇读音、书写的掌握情况及对词义理解、辨别使用的能力。要求考生的词汇量达到8500个左右。
本部分30小题。每题0.5分，共计15分。
东北大学博士研究生入学考试英语科目（1101）考试规定
东北大学博士生入学考试英语试题共有4部分：完形填空（15%）、阅读理解(45%)、翻译（20%）、写作（20%）。考试时间为180分钟。
东北大学博士研究生英语考试真题
东北大学博士研究生英语考试真题Northeastern University Doctoral Graduate English Exam Sample QuestionsPart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below:The proliferation of social media in recent years has brought both benefits and drawbacks to society. On one hand, social media platforms have revolutionized communication, allowing people to stay connected with friends and family regardless of geographical distance. They have also provided a platform for individuals to express themselves, share their opinions, and engage in discussions on a wide range of topics.However, the rise of social media has also led to concerns about privacy and security. Many users unknowingly disclose personal information that can be exploited by malicious actors. Moreover, the spread of fake news and misinformation on social media has become a significant issue, impacting public discourse and even elections in some cases.1. What are the benefits of social media according to the passage?2. What are the drawbacks of social media according to the passage?3. In your opinion, what measures could be taken to address the concerns raised about social media?Part II: WritingWrite an essay of 500 words on the following topic:Discuss the impact of social media on society. How has social media changed the way we communicate, interact, and consume information? What are the potential risks and benefits of social media, and what steps can be taken to mitigate the negative consequences?Part III: Listening ComprehensionListen to the following audio and answer the questions below:(An audio clip will be played, followed by questions related to the content of the audio.)Part IV: SpeakingYou will be given a topic to discuss for 3 minutes. Prepare a short presentation outlining your thoughts and arguments on the topic.Please note that this sample exam is for practice purposes only and does not reflect the actual questions that may appear on the Northeastern University Doctoral Graduate English Exam. Good luck!。
考博英语题型
考博英语题型
【原创版】
目录
1.考博英语概述
2.考博英语的题型及分值分布
3.各种题型的备考策略
4.总结
正文
一、考博英语概述
考博英语，全称为博士研究生入学考试英语科目，是我国博士研究生招生全国统一考试的一部分。
其主要目的是测试考生的英语语言应用能力，以确保考生具备良好的英语水平，能够适应博士研究生阶段的学习和科研工作。
考博英语考试分为笔试和口试两个部分，其中笔试是主要的考试形式。
二、考博英语的题型及分值分布
考博英语笔试部分主要包括以下几种题型：
1.阅读理解（占总分值的 20%）
2.完形填空（占总分值的 10%）
3.翻译（占总分值的 15%）
4.写作（占总分值的 25%）
5.语法与词汇（占总分值的 10%）
6.逻辑与推理（占总分值的 10%）
三、各种题型的备考策略
1.阅读理解：提高阅读速度和理解能力，注重文章的主旨和细节。
可以通过多阅读英文文章和进行模拟练习来提高。
2.完形填空：注重词汇和语法的积累，分析句子结构，理解上下文。
可以多做真题练习，总结规律。
3.翻译：中英文互译都需要掌握。
注意翻译时要忠实原文，表达通顺。
可以通过翻译练习和积累词汇短语来提高。
4.写作：熟悉各类作文类型，注重文章结构和逻辑。
多进行写作练习，积累素材和表达。
5.语法与词汇：系统学习英语语法，积累词汇，加强练习。
6.逻辑与推理：提高逻辑思维能力，熟悉题型，多进行练习。
四、总结
考博英语考试对考生的英语语言应用能力有较高要求，需要考生在各个方面都具备一定的实力。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第38期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Drinking water is（）when sewage seeps into the water supply.问题1选项A.concealedB.consumedC.contemplatedD.contaminated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项consume“消耗，消费”；C选项contemplate“沉思；注视”；D选项contaminate“污染，弄脏”。
句意：当污水渗入到供水系统后，饮用水会被污染。
根据句意判断出D选项正确。
2.单选题Once you get to know your mistakes, you should（）them as soon as possible.问题1选项A.rectifyB.reclaimC.refrainD.reckon 【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项rectify“纠正”；B选项reclaim“开拓；回收再利用；改造某人”；C选项refrain“节制，克制；避免；制止”；D选项reckon“测算，估计；认为”。
句意：一旦你认识到自己的错误，那么你应该尽可能快地纠正它们。
结合句意，A选项正确。
3.单选题The coast（）slowly as our ship sailed out to sea.问题1选项A.recededB.concededC.proceededD.exceeded【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项recede“后退；减弱”；B选项concede“承认；退让；给予”；C选项proceed“开始；继续进行；发生；行进”；D选项exceed“超过；胜过”。
句意：这个海岸随着我们的船驶向大海而慢慢地后退。
结合此处语义，A选项正确。
4.单选题Rocks which have solidified directly from molten materials are called igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are commonly referred to as primary rocks because they are the original source of material found in sedimentaries and metamorphics. Igneous rocks compose the greater part of the earth’s crust, but they are generally covered at the surface by a relatively thin layer of sedimentary or metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are distinguished by the following characteristics: (1) they contain no fossils; (2) they have no regular arrangement of layers and (3) they are nearly always made up of crystals.Sedimentary rocks are composed largely of minute fragments derived from the disintegrationof existing rocks and in some instances from the remains of animals. As sediments are transported, individual fragments are assorted according to size. Distinct layers of such sediments as gravel, sand, and clay build up, as they are deposited by water and occasionally wind. These sediments vary in size with the material and the power of the eroding agent. Sedimentary materials are laid down in layers called strata.When sediments harden into sedimentary rocks, the names applied to them change to indicate the change in physical state. Thus, small stones and gravel cemented together are known as conglomerates; cemented sand becomes sandstone; and hardened clay becomes shale. In addition to these, other sedimentary rocks such as limestone frequently result from the deposition of dissolved material. The ingredient parts are normally precipitated by organic substances, such as shells of clams or hard skeletons of other marine life.Both igneous and sedimentary rocks may be changed by pressure, heat, solution, or cementing action. When individual grains from existing rocks tend to deform and interlock, they are called metamorphic rocks. For example, granite, an igneous rock, may be metamorphosed into a gneiss or a schist. Limestone, a sedimentary rock, when subjected to heat and pressure may become marble, a metamorphic rock. Shale under pressure becomes slate.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to （）.2.All of the following are sedimentary rocks EXCEPT （）.3.The passage would be most likely to appear in a （）.4.The relationship between igneous and sedimentary rocks may best be compared to the relationship between （）.5.The author’s tone in the passage can be best de scribed as （）.问题1选项A.explain the factors that may cause rocks to change in formB.show how the scientific names of rocks reflect the rock’s compositionC.define and describe several diverse kinds of rocksD.differentiate between different kinds of igneous rocks问题2选项A.shaleB.schistC.sandD.gravel问题3选项A.newspaper feature explaining how oil is foundB.pamphlet promoting conservation of natural resourcesC.teaching manual accompanying an earth science textD.nonfiction book explaining where to find fossils问题4选项A.water and landB.sand and clayC.nucleus and cell wallD.leaves and compost问题5选项A.objectiveB.meditativeC.concernedD.ironic【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：55
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United States has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid 1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort of newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents. UCLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fourth generation is marginally worse off than the third. James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants. Telles fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks — that large parts of the community may become mired in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration heat up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest wave of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.1.How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?2.What does the author think of the new immigrants?3.What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?4.What should be done to help the new immigrants?5.According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is （）. 问题1选项A.They were of inferior races.B.They were a source of political corruption.C.They were a threat to the nation’s security.D.They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.问题2选项A.They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B.They can do just as well as their predecessors.C.They will be very disappointed on the new land.D.They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.问题3选项A.They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B.They will do better in terms of educational attainment.C.They will melt into the African-American community.D.They may forever remain poor and underachieving.问题4选项A.Rid them of their inferiority complex.B.Urge them to adopt American customs.C.Prevent them from being marginalized.D.Teach them standard American English.问题5选项A.How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB.How to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC.How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD.How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：5
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Recently a number of cases have been reported of young children（）a violent act previously seen on television.问题1选项A.modifyingB.duplicatingC.acceleratingD.stimulating【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项modify“修改，修饰；更改”；B选项duplicate “复制；模仿”；C选项accelerate“加速；促进；增加”；D选项stimulate“刺激；鼓舞，激励”。
句意：最近，许多有关少年儿童模仿先前在电视上所看到的暴力行为的案件被报道。
根据句意，判断出B选项正确。
2.单选题A popular way of keeping fit is to go （）, which is a kind of slow-to medium-paced running. 问题1选项A.trottingB.saunteringC.strollingD.jogging【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。
句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。
结合此处语境，D选项正确。
3.单选题His newly published book advanced the（）that whales are as intelligent as humans.问题1选项A.rulingB.proposalC.hypothesisD.protocol【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
A选项ruling“统治，支配；裁定”；B选项proposal“提议，建议；求婚”；C选项hypothesis“假设”；D选项protocol“协议；草案；礼仪”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷4
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed（1）over the centuries. During the 1950’s and 1960’s especially, increased attention has been devoted to（2）the reading process.（3）specialists agree that reading（4）a complex organization of higher mental（5）, they disagree（6）the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds,（7）reading as simply the decoding of symbols into the sounds they stand（8）.These authorities（9）that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is inexplicably related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without（10）their meaning is not truly reading.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazine: a never-ending flood of words. In（11）a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend（12）can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are（13）readers. Most of us develop poor reading（14）at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（15）in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have（16）meaning until they are strung to gather into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.（17）, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing tovocalization — sounding each word either orally or mentally as（21）reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an（22）, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate（23）the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast,（24）word-by-word reading, regression and sub vocalization, practically impossible. At first（25）is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster,（26）your comprehension will improve. Many people have found （27）reading skill drastically improved after some training.（28）Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute（29）the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can（30）a lot more reading material in a short period of time.问题1选项A.substantivelyB.substantiallyC.substitutivelyD.subjectively问题2选项A.define and describeB.definition and descriptionC.defining and describingD.have defined and described问题3选项A.AlthoughD.Until问题4选项A.involvesB.involves toC.is involvedD.involves of问题5选项A.opinionsB.effectsC.mannersD.functions问题6选项A.ofB.aboutC.forD.into问题7选项C.reassureD.agree问题8选项A.byB.toC.offD.for问题9选项A.contentB.contendC.contemptD.contact问题10选项A.interpretingB.sayingC.explainingD.readingA.applyingB.actingC.offeringD.getting问题12选项A.quicklyB.easilyC.roughlyD.decidedly问题13选项A.goodB.curiousC.poorD.urgent问题14选项A.trainingB.habitsC.situationsD.custom问题15选项A.liesbinesC.touchesD.involves问题16选项A.someB.a lotC.littleD.dull问题17选项A.FortunatelyB.BesidesC.LogicallyD.Unfortunately问题18选项A.reuseB.rereadC.rewrite问题19选项A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if问题20选项A.scalesB.cutsC.slowsD.measures问题21选项A.some oneB.oneC.heD.reader问题22选项A.acceleratorB.actorD.observer问题23选项A.thenB.asC.beyondD.than问题24选项A.enablingB.leadingC.makingD.indicating问题25选项A.meaningprehensionC.gistD.regression问题26选项A.butC.orD.for问题27选项A.ourB.yourC.theirD.such问题28选项A.Look atB.TakeC.MakeD.Consider问题29选项A.forB.inC.afterD.before 问题30选项B.go overC.presentD.get through【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:A第11题:D第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:A第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:C第21题:B第22题:A第23题:D第24题:C第25题:B第26题:A第27题:C第28题:B第29题:D第30题:D【解析】1. 【试题解析】考查副词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：90
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （）at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】句意: 记者和摄像师们都因为这个演员在采访中的无礼行为而感到被冒犯。
名词辨析。
恼怒, 生气; offence冒犯; 常用于短语take offence at sth.表示“因为某事而感到被伤害、被冒犯”； resentment怨恨; irritation愤怒。
因此根据句意及搭配推断B项正确。
2.单选题（） for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain 【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于长时间没下雨，所有的农田都干涸了。
语法题。
考查there be的非限定性形式。
题干后半部分已经是完整句子,因此前半部分应该为独立主格结构,即there be的非限定形式在做状语there being形式。
而由题干关键词for a long time判断此处应该用现在完成时。
3.单选题It was the worst tragedy in maritime history, six times more deadly than the Titanic.When the German cruise ship Wilhelm Gust off was hit by torpedoes fired from a Russian submarine in the final winter of World War II, more than 10,000 people-mostly women, children and old people fleeing the final Red Army push into Nazi Germany-were packed aboard. An ice storm had turned the decks into frozen sheets that sent hundreds of families sliding into the sea as the ship tilted and began to go down. Others desperately tried to put lifeboats down. Some who succeeded fought off those in the water who had the strength to try to claw their way aboard. Most people froze immediately. I’ll never forget the screams, says Christa Ntitzmann, 87, one of the 1,200 survivors. She recalls watching the ship, brightly lit, slipping into its dark grave-and into seeming nothingness, rarely mentioned for more than half a century.Now Germany’s Nobel Prize-winning author Gunter Grass has revived the memory of the 9,000 dead, including more than 4,000 children-with his latest novel Crab Walk, published last month. The book, which will be out in English next year, doesn’t dwell on the sinking; its heroine is a pregnant young woman who survives the catastrophe only to say later: “Nobody wanted to hear about it, not here in the West (of Germany) and not at all in the East.” The reason was obvious. As Grass put it in a recent interview with the weekly Die Woche: “Because the crimes we Germans are responsible for were and are so dominant, we didn’t have the energy left to tell of our own sufferings.”The long silence about the sinking of the Wilhelm Gust off was probably unavoidable-and necessary. By unreservedly owning up to their country’s monstrous crimes in the Second World War, Germans have managed to win acceptance abroad, marginalize the neo-Nazis at home and make peace with their neighbors. Today’s unified Germany is more prosperous and stable than at any time in its long, troubled history. For that, a half century of willful forgetting about painful memories like the German Titanic was perhaps a reasonable price to pay. But even the most politically correct Germans believe that they’ve now earned the right to discuss the full historical record. Not to equate German suffering with that of its victims, but simply to acknowledge a terrible tragedy.1.Why does the author say the sinking of the Wilhelm Gust off was the worst tragedy in maritime history?2.Hundreds of families dropped into the sea when （）.3.The Wilhelm Gust off tragedy was little talked about for more than half a century becauseGermans（）.4.How does Gunter Grass revive the memory of the Wilhelm Gust off tragedy?5.It can be learned from the passage that Germans no longer think tha （）.问题1选项A.It was attacked by Russian torpedoesB.It caused the largest number of causalitiesC.Most of its passengers were frozen to deathD.Its victims were mostly women and children问题2选项A.the badly damaged ship leaned toward one sideB.a strong ice storm tilted the shipC.the cruise ship sank all of a suddenD.the frightened passengers fought desperately for lifeboats问题3选项A.were eager to win international acceptanceB.had been pressured to keep silent about itC.were afraid of offending their neighborsD.felt guilty for their crimes in World War II问题4选项A.By describing the ship’s sinking in great detailB.By giving an interview to the weekly Die WocheC.By presenting the horrible scene of the torpedo attackD.By depicting the survival of a young pregnant woman问题5选项A.the Wilhelm Gust off tragedy is a reasonable price to pay for the nations past misdeedsB.Germany is responsible for the horrible crimes it committed in World War IIC.they will be misunderstood if they talk about the Wilhelm Gust off War IID.it is wrong to equate their suffering with those of other countries【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：31
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Basic research provides the （）fund of scientific knowledge, on which the applied researchers draw to give society a rich rate of interest.问题1选项A.capitalB.endowedC.enhancedD.initiative【答案】A【解析】句意: 基础研究为科学知识提供了资本基金，应用研究人员从中提取资本基金后以高利率回报社会。
形容词辨析。
Capital fund资本基金; endowed fund捐助基金; enhanced fund增强型基金; initiative fund项目基金。
因此A符合句意。
2.单选题That the driver （）in order to avoid an accident could be proven by examining the marks on the pavement.问题1选项A.swervedB.acceleratedC.dissolvedD.withdrew【答案】A【解析】句意: 那个司机突然转向是为了避免意外发生，这可以通过检查路面印记予以证实。
动词辨析。
Swerve突然转向; accelerate加速，促进; dissolve溶解，解散; withdraw撤退，离开。
故A符合句意。
3.单选题Salaries for （）positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.问题1选项A.legalB.optionalC.voluntaryD.temporary【答案】D【解析】句意: 做临时性的工作拿到的工资好像比固定工作要高。
形容词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：9
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题（） at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.问题1选项A.LookingB.lookedC.Being lookedD.to look【答案】B【解析】句意:该形势在他看来似乎没有如此令人沮丧。
语法题。
考查被动语态。
由句中主语是situation(形式), 这里应该指代该形势被看。
因此B项“looked”正确。
2.单选题The boy has admitted to （）the window while playing football yesterday.问题1选项A.breakingB.having been brokenC.breakD.be breaking 【答案】A【解析】句意: 那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗子。
语法题。
考查动词时态。
admit to中的to是介词，后接动词吋需用-ing形式, 排除C，D；并且break 是瞬间动词不能用完成时态，故答案选项为A。
3.单选题This traditional entertainment for children in America has never, （）I know, become popular in China.问题1选项A.as far asB.as muchC.to the extent thatD.so long as【答案】A【解析】句意:据我所知，美国小孩的这种传统娱乐方式在中国并不流行。
固定搭配。
as far as I know 据我所知。
4.单选题Outside my office window there is a fire （）on the right.问题1选项A.escapedderC.stepsD.stairs【答案】A【解析】句意: 我办公室的窗外右侧有一个安全出口。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第74期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题（） quantities of water are being used nowadays with the rapid development of industry and agriculture.问题1选项A.ExcessiveB.ExtensiveC.ExtremeD.Exclusive【答案】B【解析】句意: 如今，随着工农业快速发展水的消耗很大。
形容词辨析。
Excessive过多的，过分的; Extensive广泛的，大量的; Extreme极端的; exclusive独有的，排外的。
因此B符合句意。
2.单选题Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we （）during the day.问题1选项A.should have doneB.may have doneC.would have doneD.must have done【答案】B【解析】句意: 研究表明，无论白天做了什么，我们每晚睡觉时都会有两个小时的时间在做梦。
语法题。
考查情态动词+have done。
should have done表示“本该发生而实际上未发生”；may have done表示“对过去发生的行为的一种推测”；would have done表示“本来会做某事，但实际没有做成”；must have done表示“对过去事情的肯定推测”。
故选B。
3.翻译题Put the following 5 sentences into Chinese. Write them in the proper spaces on your answer sheet.The All-China Federation of Women has recently dropped the label and now refers to ‘old’ unmarried women —but the left over expression remains widely used elsewhere.The protoplanet would take tens of thousands of years to grow up, and scientists hope to study the entity and glean insights into how it was created and how it might evolve.Human longevity has improved so rapidly over the past century that 72 is the new 30, scientists have claimed. Moreover, it is no longer clear where the possible outer boundaries of human life stand.The best way to clean your glasses is to run them under warm water and put a tiny drop of dishwashing detergent on the tip of your fingers to create a lather on the lens. Then rinse with warm water, and diy with a clean, soft cotton cloth.Innovative companies are led by innovative chief executives. They spend their time asking provocative questions, observing the world like anthropologists, networking with people who don't think, act or talk like them.If you're taking risks, and you probably should, you can find yourself failing 90% of the time. The trick is to get paid while you're doing the failing and to use the experience to gain skills that will be useful later. We should be taught that failure is a process, not an obstacle.The following three basic processes promise help with great inefficiency: collecting tasks and projects from all your notebooks, calendars and files into one organizing system; deciding on the next steps and desired outcomes for each item; and making a habit of frequently checking and updating your to-dos and plans.Studies show that at least half of the variation in intelligence quotient is inherited. But while scientists have identified some genes that can significantly lower IQ --- in people afflicted with mental retardation, for example --- truly important genes that affect normal IQ variation have yet to be pinned down.According to scientists, sending your child to piano or violin lessons in a bid to boost their academic achievement is a waste of money. Although research has shown that youngsters who take music lessons are more likely to be top of their class, psychologist Glenn claims this link is misleading.Money makes the world go round, but it is not the key to happiness, according to other studies.In 2008, a survey from the Office for National Statistics found that British families were healthier and twice as well off as they were 20 years ago, but are no happier.【答案】中国妇联近日己经弃用“剩女”一词，改用“大龄未婚女青年”，但是“剩女”一词在其它地方还是被广泛使用。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：25
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I’m sorry （）so long. I forgot to tell you in advance where I had been.问题1选项A.to keep you waitB.to keep you waitingC.to keep you waitedD.to have kept you waiting【答案】D【解析】句意我抱歉让你等了这么久。
我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了。
语法题。
考查完成时态。
由句中关键词“I forgot to tell you in advance where I had been我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了”可知“你等了这么久”这个事情发生在过去的过去，故这里应该用完成时态，由此知D项“to have kept you waiting”正确。
2.单选题（） for a long time, the fields are all dried up.问题1选项A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain 【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于长时间没下雨，所有的农田都干涸了。
语法题。
考查there be的非限定性形式。
题干后半部分已经是完整句子,因此前半部分应该为独立主格结构,即there be的非限定形式在做状语there being形式。
而由题干关键词for a long time判断此处应该用现在完成时。
3.单选题The boxer （）and almost fell when his opponent hit him.问题1选项A.staggeredB.shatteredC.scatteredD.stamped【答案】A【解析】句意: 当被对手打中的时候，拳击手摇摇晃晃，差点摔倒了。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷1
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in（）to his income.问题1选项A.proportionB.propositionC.proposalD.proponent【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。
in proportion to“与……比较起来”。
句意：同他的收入相比较，他在度假和奢侈品上的花费太高了。
结合此处语义，A选项正确。
2.单选题A popular way of keeping fit is to go （）, which is a kind of slow-to medium-paced running. 问题1选项A.trottingB.saunteringC.strollingD.jogging【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项trot“小跑”；B选项saunter“漫步；闲逛”；C选项stroll“漫步；闲逛；巡回演出”；D选项jog“慢跑；轻推，轻撞”。
句意：保持健康的流行方式是去慢跑，其是一种缓慢到中等步伐的跑步。
结合此处语境，D选项正确。
3.单选题Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have （） vision.问题1选项A.vigorousB.exactC.acuteD.vivid【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项exact“准确的，精密的；精确的”；C选项acute“敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；D选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的”。
句意：尽管大多数鸟类只有微不足道的嗅觉，但是它们却有敏锐的视觉。
根据句意可知C选项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：97
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Bullied by two classmates, the boy began to cry and tear slowly（）down his face.问题1选项A.oozedB.trickledC.dribbledD.leaked【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项ooze“渗出；泄漏”；B选项trickle“使……滴；一滴滴地流”；C选项dribble“连击；使滴下；运球”；D选项leak“使渗漏，泄露”。
句意：受到两位同班同学的欺负后，这位男孩开始哭，然后眼泪顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流下。
结合此处句意眼泪应该是顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流，判断出B选项正确。
2.单选题After a slow sales start early in the year, mobile homes have been gaining favor as an（）to increasingly expensive conventional housing.问题1选项A.optionB.alternativeC.supplementD.addition【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
A选项option“选项；选择权；买卖的特权”；B选项alternative“替换物，替代品”；C选项supplement“增补，补充”；D选项addition“添加；加法；增加物”。
句意：在销售放缓在这一年早些时候开始出现后，流动房屋作为日益昂贵的传统房屋的一种替代物而一直受到青睐。
结合句意，B选项正确。
3.单选题In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War. Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available ideologies —feminism, socialism, trade unionism —and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs. In thus maintaining that wage-work helped to produce a new “consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tender that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to Tender, the degrading conditions under which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contrast, Eisenstein’s study insists that wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that wage-work enabled women to become aware of themselves as a distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. Eisenstein insists that as a group working-class women were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one another.Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis. Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its cur rent form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on. She uses the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answers, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to （）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that, in Eisenstein’s view, working women at the turn of the century had3.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?4.What does the word “tantalizing” (Line 2, Para. 2) probably mean?5.Which of the following would the author of the passage be most likely to approve as a continuation of Eisenstein’s study?问题1选项A.criticize a scholar’s assumptions and methodologyB.evaluate an approach to women’s studypare two sociological theoriesD.correct a misconception about feminist theory问题2选项A.They resented the dominant ideology as degrading.B.They preferred the dominant ideology to other available ideologies.C.They believed that the dominant ideology isolated them from one another.D.They accepted some but not all aspects of the dominant ideology.问题3选项A.A chronological account of a historical development is presented, and then future developments are predicted.B.A term is defined according to several different schools of thought, and then a new definition is formulated.C.A theory is presented, an alternative viewpoint is introduced, and then the reasoning behind the initial theory is summarized.D.A tentative proposal is made, reasons for and against it are weighed, and then a modified version of the proposal is offered. 问题4选项A.temptingB.annoyingC.dubiousD.formal问题5选项A.A theoretical study of how socialism and feminism influenced one another at the turn of the century.B.An analysis of letters and diaries written by typical female wage earners at the turn of the century.C.An assessment of what different social and political groups defined as the dominant ideology in the early twentieth century.D.A documentary account of labor’s role in the introduction of women into the labor force.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。
2022年东北大学博士研究生入学考试英语科目考试规定
东北大学博士硕士入学考试英语科目（1101）考试规定东北大学博士生入学考试英语试题共有4部分：完形填空（15%）、阅读理解(45%)、翻译（20%）、写作（20%）。
考试时间为180分钟。
一、测试目旳：此考试意在通过笔试形式，检测考生在科研、学习、工作中对于英语旳文字处理能力，即读、写、译旳精确程度、纯熟程度和速度。
二、题型构造：1. 完形填空（Cloze）：本部分以段落为单位，为考生提供一定旳语境，意在考察学生对上下文理解旳精确程度，同步，甄选恰当、精确体现旳能力。
此部分30小题，每题0.5分，总计15分。
2．阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）：阅读理解分作2部分，仔细阅读（Close Reading）和迅速阅读（Fast Reading）。
仔细阅读以段落为单位，为考生提供相对完整旳信息链条，规定考生在规定期间内阅读文章，并根据其内容按题目规定从每题所给旳四个选择项中选出一种最佳答案回答问题，以检查理解旳精确程度，把握细节旳敏锐性和信息分析、推理能力。
此部分分为4个相对独立旳短文，阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为2500词左右，共设30个问题。
每题1分，总计30分。
迅速阅读以段落为单位，为考生提供一定长度旳文章，规定其在较短时间内通过跳读（skim and scan）获取指定信息，意在考察考生在平常生活和科研活动中用英文精确、迅速获取信息旳能力。
此部分分为2-3个相对独立旳短文，阅读总量(不包括题目及选择项)为词左右，设15个问题。
每题1分，总计15分。
3．翻译：本部分重要测试考生对英语原文理解旳精确性，规定将具有一定语境旳段落或句子翻译成英文，题型可有两种形式：A.将阅读理解短文中旳句子翻译成汉语；B.给出一种短文，翻译短文中旳某些段落。
翻译旳总量不少于250英文单词。
从译文旳语言判断考生旳翻译能力。
此部分总计20分。
4．写作：本部分意在检测考生旳英文文字组织能力，语言表述能力，以及英文写作旳基本体现、写作格式、学术性文章旳标点符号使用旳基本知识。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：87
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Hardly a day goes by （）I write to my family.问题1选项A.whenB.sinceC.butD.before【答案】C【解析】句意: 我几乎每天都跟家人写信。
语法题。
But在这里为关系词, 相当于that+not。
2.单选题We left the meeting, there obviously（）no point in staying.问题1选项A.wereB.to beC.beingD.having 【答案】C【解析】句意: 我们离开了会议，因为留下来显然没有什么意义。
语法题。
考查there be句型。
there is no point in doing sth.表示“做某事没有用或没有意义”, 因此排除D。
前半句已经是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非谓语充当原因状语。
因此C项being正确。
3.单选题All the flights （）because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.问题1选项A.were canceledB.had been canceledC.having canceledD.having been canceled【答案】D【解析】句意: 所有航班因暴风雪都被取消，我们不得不改乘火车。
语法题。
考查独立主格结构。
题干后半句已经完整,所以前半句是独立主格结构,排除A,B。
由于动作发生在“改乘火车”之前,而且是“被取消”,所以用having been canceled。
4.单选题The research requires more money than （）.问题1选项A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be put in【答案】B【解析】句意:该研究需要的经费比己经投入的经费要多。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：31
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题It is not advisable to（）in affairs that are of no concern to you.问题1选项A.impartB.ponderC.meddleD.abound【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
A选项impart“给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知，透露”；B选项ponder“考虑；沉思”；C选项meddle“干预；干涉”；D选项abound“富于；充满”。
句意：去干涉与你无关的事情是不明智的。
根据句意判断出C选项正确。
2.单选题She（）to everyone that although her father was in jail she was an upstanding citizen.问题1选项A.veneratedB.veeredC.denouncedD.avowed 【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
A选项venerate“崇敬，尊敬”；B选项veer“使转向；使顺风”；C选项denounce“谴责；告发”；D选项avow“承认；公开宣称；坦率承认”。
句意：她向所有人公开宣称，尽管她的父亲坐牢，但是她却是一位正直的市民。
根据句意，选项D正确。
3.单选题A misconception frequently held by novice writers is that sentence structure mirrors thought: the more convoluted the structure, the more（）the ideas.问题1选项plicatedB.inconsequentialC.fancifulD.blatant【答案】A【解析】考查形容词同义辨析。
A选项complicated“难懂的，复杂的”；B选项inconsequential“不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的”；C选项fanciful“想象的；稀奇的”；D选项blatant“喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：95
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The contestants had to stay within the（）of the playing field or they would be eliminated. 问题1选项A.symptomaticB.corollaryC.punditD.parameter【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。
A选项symptomatic“有症状的；症候的”；B选项corollary“推论；必然的结果”；C选项pundit“专家；博学者；梵文学者”；D选项parameter“参数；起限定作用的因素；界限”。
句意：参赛者必须停留在比赛场地的界限内，否则他们将被淘汰。
结合此处语义，D选项正确。
2.单选题The most（）technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution. 问题1选项A.solemnB.prominentC.prosperousD.prevalent 【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
A选项solemn“严肃的；隆重的，郑重的”；B选项prominent“突出的，显著的；杰出的”；C选项prosperous“繁荣的；兴旺的”；D选项prevalent“流行的；普遍的”。
句意：20世纪最显著的技术成功或许是计算机革命。
结合句意，选B。
3.单选题Poor Williams is in hospital again. The unlucky fellow seems（）to accidents.问题1选项A.proneB.destinedC.boundD.disposed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。
A选项prone“俯卧的；有……倾向的，易于……的”；B选项destined“注定的；命定的”；C选项bound“有义务的；必定的；受约束的”；D选项disposed“有……倾向的；打算做……的”。
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2015东北大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、东北大学考博英语题型Part1:完型30题15分；Part2：阅读理解45题45分；Part3：翻译英译汉20分；Part4：作文20分；三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。
如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种：（1）、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
（2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
(3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认，这是最好的情况，你可以放心的去考，一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然，像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题，可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事，关系只是占一部分，自己努力了就行，不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后，一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况，交流一下科研方向，这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造，另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍，包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容，大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣：四一六九二五五五九。
电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群：一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目，就放弃它，千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉，听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了，而是改错了。
因此轻易别选，但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时，考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项，预测考点，从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项，可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”，所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实，听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制：约每分钟140词，每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定，我们要做的是跟上节奏，过分的紧张只会造成混乱，直接影响发挥。
答题时，考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题)，剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案，马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水，否则破坏了节奏，可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气，然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试，它往往考的不是考生是否听见，而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里，等着考生把它挑出来，在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目，要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳，对应到选项中。
如此一来，我们不光得竖起耳朵听，还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字，却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况，请注意正确答案的固定特征：(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样，说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中，专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实，他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶，也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而，从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段，听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的，看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架，具体的问题我们可以不管，但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次，具体的问题才好归类，结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上，细枝末节上基本没有涉题，于是就会发现，原文几百字的文章，真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已，其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余，就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见，对于考博阅读，若要高效正确的征服，必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读，上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析：（1）主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次，个人以为要弄清文章主旨，段落中心以及段落内部的次中心，这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况，这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练，常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析，这样能力就能够很快地提升。
（2）常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑，那么，一般的都有哪些逻辑呢？通过一般归纳总结，大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容，阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读，辨明逻辑主线，在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上，会有很好的效果。
也许，在做考博阅读之初，很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面，出现这种情况，并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知，而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下：框架1：提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2：叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3：提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4：两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析，弄清逻辑，以上列出的是主干，还需进一步分析到枝叶，这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别，文章中心也容易辨出，多数文章中心在首末，少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候，在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句，观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况，较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案，当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
（3）暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方，也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中，出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方，常见的有段落的中心和次中心；对于非中心，考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽，但对于微观题，我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节：1）所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2）转折和因果。
在阅读中，最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来，因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度，相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如：because，for，but，however……3）表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现，当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点，但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情，所以平时应做好积累。
例如：agree，acknowledge，assert，see，insist，according to，find，think，believe，show，point out，content，acclaim，say等4）特殊标点符号，有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等，均有或强或弱的强调意味，主要的特殊标点符号有：——、（）、“”等。
5）情态动词。
should，must都能表达作者感情的因素，能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点，理应重点阅读。
6）特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety，……，Significantly，……副词在句中起着很大作用，能反映态度，能表程度，这种特殊句型更有强调的成分，值得多阅读分析。
7）有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多，无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候，仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点，仅阅读含有重点特征的句子，对文章进行“减肥”，以提高阅读效率。
（4）选项特点1）正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化，如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面，即原文句子的否定形式，答案变成肯定的正面叙述；原文是肯定形式，从正面叙述，答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度，原文从A角度叙述某事，而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情，本质不变。
e、具体抽象，即原文具体事例，答案变为抽象概括，或反之。
2）干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文，个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文，一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语，如only，always，never，all，everything，anything，everywhere，everybody，nobody。
g、逻辑错误，因果颠倒等。
最后，育明考博提醒：要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上，从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。
平时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上，试题上最好不要标注答案，以后再练习时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步，看到自己的不足。