TOEFL全真试题
2024年TOEFL试题
(c) the book is too long.
(d) he doesnt usually read spy thrillers.
7. (a) she hurt her foot.
(b) her health problem has come back again.
(c) hes a good tennis player.
(d) he rarely uses his computer.
9. (a) more doctors should be doing research.
(b) he is studying to be a doctor.
(c) an important new medical treatment may be available soon.
(c) hes completely satisfied with his job.
(d) hed like to be able to work more hours per week.
3. (a) try to get a ride with pete.
(b) take an airplane to boston.
(d) buy a money order to send with the application.
13. (a) shes too busy to run for class president.
(b) she hasnt considered running for class president.
2. Intended to display the work of twentieth-century artists, in 1929.
toefl试题及答案
toefl试题及答案TOEFL试题及答案一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1. 根据所听对话，选出正确的答案。
A. 学生在图书馆找书。
B. 学生在询问课程安排。
C. 学生在讨论课题研究。
D. 学生在讨论作业问题。
答案：A2. 根据所听讲座，选出正确的答案。
A. 教授在讨论历史事件。
B. 教授在分析文学作品。
C. 教授在讲解科学理论。
D. 教授在介绍艺术作品。
答案：B二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）1. 阅读以下段落，回答以下问题："The Industrial Revolution brought about significant changes in the way people worked and lived."A. What was the main impact of the Industrial Revolution?B. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the daily life of people?答案：A. The main impact of the Industrial Revolution was the significant changes in the way people worked and lived.B. The Industrial Revolution affected the daily life of people by altering their work patterns and living conditions.2. 阅读以下段落，选择最佳 "The role of technology in education has been a topic of debate for many years. Some argue that it enhances learning, while others believe it can be a distraction."A. The Pros and Cons of Technology in EducationB. The History of Technology in EducationC. The Debate Over Technology in EducationD. The Future of Technology in Education答案：C三、口语表达（Speaking Expression）1. 根据以下提示，进行口语回答：- Describe a memorable event from your childhood.- Explain why it was memorable.答案示例：One of the most memorable events from my childhood was the day I learned to ride a bicycle. It was a sunny afternoon, and my father was teaching me. After several attempts and falls, I finally managed to ride without support. The feeling of accomplishment and the joy of mastering a new skill madeit an unforgettable experience.2. 根据以下情景，进行口语回答：- You are planning a trip with friends. Discuss thefactors you consider when choosing a destination.答案示例：When planning a trip with friends, I consider several factors such as the interests of the group, the budget, the weather, and the accessibility of the destination. We usually discuss our preferences and make a list of potential places. Then, we evaluate them based on the mentioned factors and make a decision that suits everyone.四、写作任务（Writing Task）1. Write an essay discussing the importance of environmental protection and the role individuals can play in it.答案示例（略）：考生需根据题目要求，撰写一篇不少于300字的议论文，阐述环境保护的重要性以及个人如何参与其中。
TOEFL全真试题
TOEFL全真试题为了让大家更好的预备托福考试，我给大家整理了托福练习试题,下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
TOEFL全真试题1Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat inwhich it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal? (A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word discrete in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题2Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, oftendistorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal? (A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelledby them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited (D) identified12 The word discrete in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题31. A microscope can reveal vastly ______detail than is visible to the naked eye.(A) than(B) than more(C) more than(D) more 2. Narcissus bulbs ______ at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drained soil.(A) should be planted(B) to plant(C) must planting(D) should plant 3. Industrialization has been responsible for ______ most radical of the environmental changes caused by humans.(A) a (B) the(C) some of which (D) which are the 4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land ______ excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.(A) neither permit(B) without permitting(C) nor permitting(D) do not permit 5. Color and light, taken together, ______ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.(A) very powerfully influence (B) very influence powerfully(C) powerfully very influence(D) influence powerfully very 6. ______ that Rachel Carsons 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.(A) There is likely(B) Likely to be(C) It is likely(D) Likely7. Total color blindness, ______, is the result of a defect in the retina.(A) a rare condition that(B) a rare condition(C) that a rare condition (D) is a rare condition8. ______ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and then diffused to the rest of the world.(A) Even(B) But(C) Although (D) So9. Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ______ in various forms.(A) abundant (B) the abundance(C) an abundant(D) it abundantTOEFL全真试题4Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes. Structure 1 Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by______ the trails of meteors passing through it.(A) to watch (B) watching (C) watched (D) watch 2 Thomas Edison s first patented invention was a device ____in Congress.(A) votes counted for (B) had been counting votes (C) for counting votes (D) be a counted vote3 Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1992 s,retired______she was unable to make the transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless (B) in spite of (C) because (D) and for4 Built in 1882,the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2058-foot length.(A) who (B) to whom (C) which they (D) that which5 A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the people and vehicles that use it.(A) as well (B) so well (C) as well as (D) so well as6 The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests in California each spring.(A) to returned (B) who returned (C) they returned (D) for returning7 In the fourteenth century, ____ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery (B) it was discovered (C) with the discovery (D) if it was discovered8 _____ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A) When (B) Whereas (C) Which (D) Whether9 Many modem photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs.(A) than light is (B) than light (C) being light (D) light 10 For any adhesive to make a really strong bond _____ to be glued must be absolutely or grease.(A) and surfaces (B) when surfaces (C) the surfaces (D) surfaces that11 Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island.(A) brought (B) to be brought (C) being brought (D) is being brought12 _____unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) Fora star to become (B) how a star becomes (C) A star becomes(D) That a star is becoming13 Not until linoleum was invented in 1860_____hard-wearing, easy-to-clean flooring.(A) any house did have (B) did any house have (C) house had any (D) any house had14 Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the United States Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _____ he was elected in 1870.(A) which (B) to which (C) and which (D) being which15 Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____.(A) to constantly flow into them (B) is constantly flowing into them (C) constantly flows into them (D) constantly flowing into them Written Expression16 Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of protein,__________ _____ _____A B C a virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself.______D17 The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, or color._____ _____ _____ ______ A B C D18 In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York metropolitan Opera, where her became_________ ___ A B C the star soprano.__D19 The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termites.___ ___ ________ ______ A B C D20 Because of the availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate of farms____has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from markets._______ ________ ____ A B C D21 The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed as ________ _____uniquely, innovative, and valuable._________ A B C D22 Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages _ ___________________of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.__________A B C D23 Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolism in a____ _______ ______ _____ A B C D given poem.24 Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops.______ ___ _____ ____ A B C D25 The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commerciallyas bay leaves and are used for___________ ____ __ A B C seasoning foods.____D26 When contented, and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound.___ _____ _______ ____ A B C D27 The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities, and a refined of______ ______ _ ____ A B C D these adaptations.28 In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States Surgeon General, launched several programs to______ _____ A B address particulate problem that young people have.______ ______ C D29 Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent, responsible, _______ ________ A B and competent in childhood are likely more than others to become motivated to achieve. _______ ________ C D30 The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieve a________ ______ A B C carefully chosen goal.______D31 As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms._____ ______ _ ______ A B C D32 Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after being buried for many_____ ______ _______ A B C years, ceramics and glassware, although easily broken, survive well in the ground._____ D33 Margaret Mead achieved world famous through her studies of child-rearing, personality, and_____ _____ ________ A B C culture._____D34 The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful for the_______ _____________ ____ A B C treatment of infectious diseases until 1940._______D35 In the United States, the Cabinet consist of a group of advisers, each of whom is chosen by ____ _______ __________ _____ A B C D the President to head an executive department of the government.36 Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the________ ____ A B American Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum in response of social demands._____ ______ C D37 Humus is formed during soil microorganisms decompose animal and plant material into ____ ____________ A B elements usable byplants.______ _____ C D38 Ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen.__ ____ ___ ______ A B C D39 The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to nineteenth century.__________________ ____ __________ A B C D40 Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profound influences on ________ _______ A B C education and thought in the United States and elsewhere.___ D。
托福试题及答案2020
托福试题及答案20201. 阅读部分A. 阅读材料一1.1. 问题一：文章中提到的主要观点是什么？答案：文章主要讨论了城市化进程对环境的影响。
1.2. 问题二：作者在文中使用了哪些论据来支持他的观点？答案：作者使用了统计数据、专家意见和历史案例来支持他的观点。
B. 阅读材料二2.1. 问题一：文章中提到的主要观点是什么？答案：文章主要探讨了教育对于个人发展的重要性。
2.2. 问题二：作者在文中使用了哪些论据来支持他的观点？答案：作者使用了教育研究结果、个人经历和比较分析来支持他的观点。
2. 听力部分A. 听力材料一1.1. 问题一：讲座中教授提到了哪种类型的动物？答案：教授提到了迁徙鸟类。
1.2. 问题二：教授是如何解释这种动物的行为的？答案：教授通过观察和实验数据来解释这种动物的迁徙行为。
B. 听力材料二2.1. 问题一：对话中两位学生讨论了什么话题？答案：两位学生讨论了即将到来的期末考试。
2.2. 问题二：他们对这个话题的态度如何？答案：他们对这个话题感到紧张和焦虑。
3. 口语部分A. 口语任务一1.1. 问题一：描述一个你曾经遇到的挑战，并解释你是如何克服它的。
答案：我遇到的挑战是准备一个重要的演讲。
我通过多次练习和向老师寻求建议来克服它。
B. 口语任务二2.1. 问题一：你更喜欢在图书馆学习还是在咖啡馆学习？为什么？答案：我更喜欢在图书馆学习，因为它提供了一个安静和专注的环境。
4. 写作部分A. 写作任务一1.1. 问题一：描述一个你认为重要的社会问题，并提出解决方案。
答案：我认为环境污染是一个重要的社会问题。
解决方案包括提高公众意识和推动可持续能源的使用。
B. 写作任务二2.1. 问题一：你同意还是不同意以下观点：学校应该要求学生穿校服？给出你的理由。
答案：我同意这个观点，因为校服可以减少学生之间的社会压力，并促进学校精神。
新托福测试题及答案
新托福测试题及答案一、听力部分1. 听力对话A. 学生与教授讨论课程内容。
B. 图书管理员与学生讨论图书借阅。
2. 听力讲座A. 教授关于环境保护的讲座。
B. 学生介绍一个科学实验。
二、阅读部分1. 阅读文章A. 描述一个历史事件。
B. 讨论一种文化现象。
2. 问题与选项A. 根据文章A，以下哪项是事件的主要原因？a) 经济因素b) 社会因素c) 政治因素d) 自然因素B. 文章B中提到的文化现象主要影响了哪个群体？a) 年轻人b) 中年人c) 老年人d) 全社会三、口语部分1. 独立口语任务A. 描述一个你曾经克服的困难。
2. 综合口语任务A. 根据听力对话和阅读文章，讨论学生如何解决遇到的问题。
四、写作部分1. 综合写作任务A. 阅读一篇文章，然后听一个相关的讲座，最后写一篇文章总结两者的主要观点和论据。
2. 独立写作任务A. 你同意以下观点吗？“教育是个人成功的关键因素”。
请给出你的理由和例子。
五、答案1. 听力部分A. 正确答案：教授建议学生阅读额外的资料来加深理解。
B. 正确答案：学生需要在一周内归还图书。
2. 阅读部分A. 正确答案：b) 社会因素B. 正确答案：a) 年轻人3. 口语部分独立口语任务答案示例：我克服的困难是学习新语言。
起初，我感到非常困难，但通过不断练习和使用语言，我最终提高了我的语言技能。
综合口语任务答案示例：学生可以通过与教授讨论问题，寻求同学的帮助，或者利用图书馆资源来解决遇到的问题。
4. 写作部分综合写作任务答案示例：文章和讲座都认为环境保护很重要，但文章强调政府的作用，而讲座强调个人的责任。
独立写作任务答案示例：我同意教育是个人成功的关键因素。
教育不仅提供了知识和技能，还培养了解决问题的能力，这对于个人的职业发展至关重要。
请注意：以上内容为示例，实际测试题和答案可能会有所不同。
TOEFL全真试题4
TOEFL全真试题4TOEFL全真试题4TOEFL全真试题（4-1）Structure and Written ExpressionTime: 25 minutes (including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes.Structure1 Wind motion can be observed in the mesosphere by ______ the trails of meteors passing through it.(A) to watch (B) watching (C) watched (D) watch2 Thomas Edison s first patented invention was a device ____in Congress.(A) votes counted for (B) had been counting votes (C) for counting votes (D) be a counted vote3 Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1992 s,retired______she was unable to make the transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless (B) in spite of (C) because (D) and for4 Built in 1882,the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County, Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2058-foot length.(A) who (B) to whom (C) which they (D) that which5 A bridge must be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the people andvehicles that use it.(A) as well (B) so well (C) as well as (D) so well as6 The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests in California each spring.(A) to returned (B) who returned (C) they returned (D) for returning7 In the fourteenth century, ____ that glass coated with silver nitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery (B) it was discovered (C) with the discovery(D) if it was discovered8 _____ recurring fear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A) When (B) Whereas (C) Which (D) Whether9 Many modem photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs.(A) than light is (B) than light (C) being light (D) light10 For any adhesive to make a really strong bond _____ to be glued must be absolutely or grease.(A) and surfaces (B) when surfaces (C) the surfaces (D) surfaces that11 Although still underwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to thesurface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to the island.(A) brought (B) to be brought (C) being brought (D) is being brought12 _____unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) For a star to become (B) how a star becomes (C) A star becomes(D) That a star is becoming13 Not until linoleum was invented in 1860 _____hard-wearing, easy-to-clean flooring.(A) any house did have (B) did any house have (C) house had any (D) any house had14 Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the United States Senate, served as senator fromMississippi, an office _____ he was elected in 1870.(A) which (B) to which (C) and which (D) being which15 Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____.(A) to constantly flow into them (B) is constantly flowing into them (C) constantly flows into them (D) constantly flowing into themWritten Expression16 Because of it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell of protein,__________ _____ _____A B Ca virus cannot eat or reproduce by itself.______D17 The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, or color._____ _____ _____ ______A B C D18 In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hired by the New York metropolitan Opera, where her became__ _______ ___A B Cthe star soprano.__D19 The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the ground to catches ants and termites.___ ___ ________ ______A B C D20 Because of the availability of trucks and easy access tomodern highways, the locate of farms____ has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance from markets._______ ________ ____A B C D21 The homes created by the legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed as ________ _____uniquely, innovative, and valuable.______ ___A B C D22 Geologists find it useful to identification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages _ ___________________of species are characteristic of specific geologic time periods.__________A B C D23 Many poets enhance their work by creating a contrast among realism and symbolism in a____ _______ ______ _____A B C Dgiven poem.24 Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports to augment their own crops.______ ___ _____ ____A B C D25 The fragrant leaves of the laurel plant to sell commercially as bay leaves and are used for___________ ____ __A B Cseasoning foods.____D26 When contented, and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound.___ _____ _______ ____27 The evolution of fishes is a history of constant adaptation to new possibilities, and a refined of______ ______ _ ____A B C Dthese adaptations.28 In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States Surgeon General, launched several programs to______ _____A Baddress particulate problem that young people have.______ ______C D29 Some psychologists believe that those who are encouraged to be independent, responsible, _______ ________A Band competent in childhood are likely more than others to become motivated to achieve._______ ________C D30 The central purpose of management is for making every action or decision help achieve a________ _ _____A B Ccarefully chosen goal.______D31 As a poetry Nikki Giovanni makes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms._____ ______ _ ______32 Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after being buried for many_____ ______ _______A B Cyears, ceramics and glassware, although easily broken, survive well in the ground._____D33 Margaret Mead achieved world famous through her studies of child-rearing, personality, and_____ _____ ________A B Cculture._____D34 The discovery of the antibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful for the_______ _____________ ____A B Ctreatment of infectious diseases until 1940._______D35 In the United States, the Cabinet consist of a group of advisers, each of whom is chosen by ____ _______ __________ _____A B C Dthe President to head an executive department of the government.36 Colleges in the newly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the________ ____A BAmerican Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum in response of social demands._____ ______C D37 Humus is formed during soil microorganisms decompose animal and plant material into ____ ____________A Belements usable by plants.______ _____C D38 Ozone is an unstable, faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen.__ ____ ___ ______A B C D39 The development of professional sports in the United States dates back to nineteenth century._________ _________ ____ __________A B C D40 Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profound influences on _____ ___ _______A B Ceducation and thought in the United States and elsewhere.___D <BR。
托福toefl真题9610
6-10 96年10月TOFEL 听力(Page45)A1. (A) He is playing tennis tomorrow.(B) Someone else has borrowed his racket.(C) His racket is not usable.(D) The woman should buy a new tennis racket.2. (A) The shirt is clean.(B) The shirt was not expensive.(C) The man should try to get his money back.(D) The shirt needs to be washed again.3. (A) She's willing to help the man.(B) She's sorry that she injured the man.(C) She'd like the man to repeat what he said.(D) She wants to know what happened to the man.4. (A) He tried to call the woman.(B) He was too busy to call the woman.(C) He didn't know he was supposed to call the woman.(D) He spoke to the woman on the phone last night.5. (A) She's annoyed by the man.(B) She'd like a sandwich.(C) She has already eaten.(D) She doesn't want anything to eat now.6. (A) She's not qualified to write the report.(B) She's too busy to help the man.(C) She's surprised by the man's request.(D) She'd rather meet the man tonight.7. (A) Write a check to pay for the books.(B) Place an order for more books.(C) Open the box of books that the company shipped.(D) Call the company she ordered the books from.8. (A) She has to type two more pages.(B) She finished her work long ago.(C) The man can help her when he's done.(D) They'll complete their work at about the same time.9. (A) It predicted the mayor would lose the election.(B) It clarified the mayor's position.(C) It didn't accurately represent the mayor's speech.(D) It listed the mayor's accomplishment.10. (A) He doesn't have time to go to a movie.(B) He's upset with the woman.(C) He doesn't usually enjoy comedies.(D) He has almost finished his work.11. (A) The bookstore is rarely crowded.(B) She's bought all her textbooks for this semester.(C) Many students have used books to sell.(D) Last semester's books cost her several hundred dollars.12. (A) The graph belongs in the center of the page.(B) She can't discuss the problem until later.(C) She's only finished half of the document.(D) They should look for another graph immediately.13. (A) He's supposed to go to the meeting.(B) He wants the woman to give George the message.(C) He doesn't know why George can't attend the meeting.(D) He forgot to deliver a message.14. (A) End his conversation quickly.(B) Make several calls for the woman.(C) Take the phone off the hook.(D) Write down his phone number.15. (A) Where to meet Sally.(B) Why Sally wants to meet them.(C) The location of the park.(D) The time of the meeting.16. (A) The woman does not remember her brother's address.(B) The letters were probably lost in the mail.(C) The woman will soon get used to college life.(D) The woman' s brother probably hasn't had time to write.17. (A) The man ordered his favorite flavor for the woman.(B) The woman doesn't have a favorite flavor.(C) The man didn't like the new flavor.(D) The woman has tasted the new flavor.18. (A) He started to work in a paint shop.(B) He hasn't started looking for an apartment.(C) He had an appointment with a painter today.(D) He isn't on schedule with his painting.19. (A) The woman's health has improved.(B) He does not have enough energy to exercise.(C) By themselves diets are not useful(D) Diets can be harmful.20. (A) His neighbors don't need his help.(B) His neighbors aren't very sociable.(C) His neighbors intend to go on vacation.(D) He's too busy to meet his neighbors.21. (A) Move the lamp.(B) Replace the rug.(C) Pick up one side of the desk.(D) She'll meet the man at the bank in half an hour.22. (A) The man should have gone to a different bank.(B) The man should do business at her bank.(C) She wouldn't have waited so long.(D) She'll meet the man at the bank in half an hour.23. (A) She is a good cook.(B) She lives far away from the woman.(C) She often takes trips abroad.(D) She often helps people.24. (A) The station is at the end of the street.(B) She met an old friend on the subway.(C) Her friend lives near the subway station.(D) She's picking someone up at the subway station.25. (A) Which company the woman will do business with.(B) Where the woman's business will take place.(C) Which hotel the woman will stay in.(D) Where the woman will fly to.26. (A) She hasn't liked the recent weather.(B) She's been a little sick.(C) She's finally gotten over her fever.(D) She's had a lot of bad luck lately.27. (A) Borrow the money for the first two months' rent.(B) Look for a less expensive apartment(C) Ask his landlord to reassure the owners of the apartment.(D) Write a letter to the owners of the apartment.28. (A) The man lost his address book.(B) The man and the woman already know each other.(C) The man is sorry to bother Jack Easton.(D) Jack Easton and the woman work for the same company.29. (A) The two o'clock train has a dining car.(B) The two o'clock train will arrive later than the nonstop one.(C) She plans to eat on the train.(D) She prefers to take the two o'clock train.30. (A) The woman is worried about losing some papers.(B) The woman wants the man to find the report.(C) The woman saved her report until the last minute.(D) The woman's report was thrown out by the man.31. (A) A physics exam.(B) A lecture they plan to attend(C) An assignment.(D) Their favorite poets.32. (A) When the report is due.(B) How he chose his topic.(C) If he passed the course.(D) Whether her talk is clear.33. (A) Listen to the woman's talk.(B) Study for a test.(C) Go to class.(D) Prepare his presentation.34. (A) In the library.(B) In the woman's dormitory.(C) In an empty classroom.(D) In the dining hall.35. (A) A professor's lecture.(B) A magazine article.(C) A television program.(D) A doctor's report.36. (A) Body size and shape.(B) Influence from the parents(C) Physical characteristics of the head.(D) Conditioning from the environment.37. (A) Different sections of the brain control different body functions.(B) Blows to certain areas of the skull will affect some brain functions.(C) Stimulating certain sections of the brain will increase brain functions.(D) Physical and mental abilities are localized in one section of the brain.38. (A) The growth of the publishing industry.(B) The history of papermaking.(C) The uses of paper in the nineteenth century.(D) The composition of wood fiber.39. (A) Publishers wanted higher quality paper.(B) Paper made from rags deteriorated too quickly(C) Wood pulp had become too expensive.(D) The supply of rags was insufficient.40. (A) It turned out high-quality paper.(B) It used wood imported from the United States.(C) It caused a serious deforestation problem.(D) There was a ready marker for its product.41. (A) It is difficult to obtain.(B) Paper cannot be made without it.(C) It causes paper to deteriorate.(D) It prevents wood from being turned into pulp.42. (A) Many of their books are in poor condition.(B) They have too many books from the early 1800's.(C) They don't have enough space to store government documents.(D) They have to import most of the paper they use.43. (A) Attitudes toward employment.(B) Attitudes toward leisure activities.(C) Shifting job opportunities.(D) The evolution of the weekend.44. (A) Which days people should work.(B) How the week is divided into days.(C) Which day begins the work.(D) How many weeks there are in a month.45. (A) The weekend has decreased in length.(B) The number of national holidays has increased.(C) People work fewer days per week.(D) People work more hours each day.46. (A) It was six days long.(B) It didn't include Saturday afternoon.(C) It always included at least one holiday.(D) It didn't allow the workers time off.47. (A) It would make the workday longer.(B) It would allow people to work on the weekend.(C) It would make leisure activities expensive.(D) It would create much more free time.48. (A) She went to college nearby.(B) She won a contest.(C) Her family vacationed there.(D) She was a friend of Leonard Bernstein's.49. (A) It's difficult to hear.(B) The lawn is usually very crowded.(C) The setting isn't very pretty.(D) The audience might get wet.50. (A) It is held in Boston.(B) All the seats are indoors.(C) It is not well known.(D) It has been going on for a long time.96年10月TOFEL 语法(Page46)B1. Charlie Parker, _____ was one of the creators of the music style called "bop."(A) a great jazz improviser who(B) to improvise great jazz(C) a great jazz improviser(D) improvised great jazz.2. The world's deepest cave, Pierre St. Martin in the Pyrenees Mountains, is almost three times as deep _____.(A) as the Empire State Building is high.(B) That the Empire State Building is higher.(C) Is higher than the Empire State Building(D) And the Empire State Building's height.3. When Columbus reached the New World, corn was the _____ in the Americas.(A) widely most grown plant.(B) Most widely grown plant(C) Most grown widely plant(D) Plant widely grown most.4. Because kaolin shrinks in firing at a different rate than ordinary clay, _____ when creating pottery using both types of clay.(A) special handling is required(B) special handling required(C) a requirement of special handling(D) the required special handling5. The ceremonial Chilcat blanket of the Northwest Tlingit Indians was generally _____ from cedar bark, wool, and goats' hair.(A) wove(B) to weave(C) weaving(D) woven6. _____ composed traditionally has been a subject of debate among scholars.(A) Were ballads how(B) Ballads were how they(C) How ballads that were(D) How ballads were7. Jupiter, the closest of the giant planets to Earth, has _____ solid surface and is surrounded by zones of intense radiation.(A) not(B) nor(C) no(D) neither.8. The black-billed cuckoo has been known to steal eggs _____ to other birds.(A) belong(B) which belonging(C) which they belong(D) that belong9. The purpose of phonetics is _____ an inventory and a description of the sounds found in speech.(A) to provide(B) provided(C) which provided(D) providing that10. Earthquakes can damage a tree _____ violently, and it can take several years for the tree to heal.(A) to cause shaking(B) when shaking it causes(C) by causing it to shake(D) to cause to shake it11. _____ bacteria in foods are killed, as they are during baking or stewing, decay is slowed down.(A) What(B) The(C) If(D) So12. The colors and patterns of the wings of butterflies and moths help _____ the organism against predators.(A) protect(B) being protected(C) protecting(D) protection of13. In 1993 the Library of Congress appointed author Rita Dove _____ of the United States.(A) as was poet laureate(B) was poet laureate(C) poet laureate(D) and poet laureate14. At the South Pole _____, the coldest and most desolate region on Earth.(A) Antarctica lies where(B) Where Antarctica lies(C) Antarctica lies and(D) Lies Antarctica15. Tornados, powerful, destructive wind storms, occur most often in the spring when hot winds _____ over flat land encounter heavy cold air.(A) which to rise.(B) that rising(C) are rising(D) rising16. Many exercises such as calisthenics, running, or to swim involve producingABmuscle tension through a range of movements that are called isotonics.CD17. Intelligence, education, and experience all helps shape management style.A B CD18.The basic elements of public-opinion research are interviewers, questionnaires,A Btabulating equipment, and to sample population.C D19. Conservation organizations help for to preserve the ecology of an area by keepingA BCtrack of endangered species.D20. Gwendolyn Brooks, which won a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1950, had 75 poems publishedAB Cby the time she was twenty.D21. Halifax is largest city and chief port of Nova Scotia and is the eastern terminus ofA B Canada's two great railway systems.C D22. T. S. Eliot received wide recognition after publishes The Waste Land, which fusedABpoetic traditions with elements of modern music and language.C D23.Numerous types of cells, such as skin cells and white blood cells, have the power reproduceA BC Dasexually.24. The knee is more likely to be damage than most other joints because it is subjectA BCto tremendous forces during vigorous activity.D25. Although ferns lack flowers, they do have leaves, stems, and root.A B CD26. Crazy Horse is generally recognized for his courageous and skill, and he wasA Brevered by the Sioux as their greatest leader.C D27. In medicine, certain plastics have important uses because they do not affected byA BCchemicals in the body, and they do not harm the body.D28. Since a hospital is organized to protect and treat people who are ill, its goals,Astructures, and functions depend on the currently state of medical science.B C D29. A change in direction of the monsoon winds result from the differences betweenABthe heating or cooling of landmasses and that of oceans.C D30.Small distinctions among stamps, unimportant to the person average, would meanAB Ca great deal to the stamp collector.D31. Members of a nation's foreign service represent that country's interests abroadABand report on the conditions, trends, and policies of the country which they areCDstationed.32. Abraham Lincoln's boyhood home resembled those of many others mid-westernABpioneers, with its dirt floor, sleeping loft, and crude fireplace.C D33. Dwelling primarily in the ice northern polar seas, beluga whales areA BCcharacteristically small, white, agile, and elusive.D34.There is evidence that the caribou originated into North America and crossed overA BCal land bridge into Asia and evolved into the Old World's reindeer.D35. The bold way in which Margaret Mead defined the terms "family" - based asA BCmuch on choice as on biological relationship - is possibly the most enduring of herDlegacies.36.The planet Mars is a freezing, barren deserts with huge, dry canyons and toweringA B CDvolcanoes.37. Of the many machines invented in the late nineteenth century, none had a greatAB Cimpact on the United States economy than the automobile.D38. A number of the Pacific Islands are volcanoes that have pushed up from the oceanABfloor, others are the tops sunken mountain ranges.C D39. It has been reported that during any twenty-four hour period, a minimal of threeA BBhundred North American women start their own businesses.D40. Archeological studies have provided evidence that the use of plants for decorationA B Cas well as for food developed early in the history.D96年10月TOFEL 阅读(Page47-48)CQuestion 1-8When Jules Verne wrote Journey to the Center of the Earth in 1864, there were many conflicting theories about the nature of the Earth's interior. Some geologists thought that it contained a highly compressed ball of incandescent gas, while others suspected that it consisted of separate shells, each made of a different material. Today, well over a century later, there is still little direct evidence of what lies beneath our feet. Most of our knowledge of the Earth's interior comes not from mines or boreholes, but from the study of seismic waves - powerful pulses of energy released by earthquakes.The way that seismic waves travel shows that the Earth's interior is far from uniform. Thecontinents and the seabed are formed by the crust - a thin sphere of relatively light, solid rock. Beneath the crust lies the mantle, a very different layer that extends approximately halfway to the Earth's center. There the rock is the subject of a battle between increasing heat and growing pressure.In its high levels, the mantle is relatively cool; at greater depths, high temperatures make the rock behave more like a liquid than a solid. Deeper still, the pressure is even more intense, preventing the rock from melting in spite of a higher temperature.Beyond a depth of around 2,900 kilometers, a great change takes place and the mantle gives way to the core. Some seismic waves cannot pass through the core and others are bent by it. From this and other evidence, geologists conclude that the outer core is probably liquid, with a solid center. It is almost certainly made of iron, mixed with smaller amounts of other elements such as nickel.The conditions in the Earth's core make it a far more alien world than space. Its solid iron heart is subjected to unimaginable pressure and has a temperature of about 9,000oF. Although scientists can speculate about its nature, neither humans nor machines will ever be able to visit it.1. The word "conflicting" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) controlling(B) outdated(C) opposing(D) important2. What is today's richest source of information about the Earth's interior for geologists?(A) Boreholes(B) Shells(C) Seismic waves(D) Mines3. The word "There" in line 12 refers to the(A) mantle(B) crust(C) seabed(D) Earth's center.4. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of the Earth's mantle?(A) Light, solid rock(B) Uniformity of composition(C) Dramatically increasing pressure(D) Compressed, incandescent gas5. The phrase "gives way to" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) runs along(B) rubs against(C) turns into(D) floats on6. The word "it" in line 19 refers to(A) mantle(B) core(C) change(D) depth7. Why does the author state in line 22 that the Earth's core is "more alien" than space?(A) Government funds are not available to study the Earth's core.(B) Scientists aren't interested in the characteristics of the Earth's core.(C) It is impossible to go to the Earth's core to do research.(D) The Earth's core is made of elements that are dangerous to humans.8. The word "speculate" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) report(B) learn(C) worry(D) hypothesizeQuestion 9-20Despite the road improvements of the turnpike era (1790-1830). Americans continued as in colonial times to depend wherever possible on water routes for travel and transportation. The larger rivers, especially the Mississippi and the Ohio, became increasingly useful as steamboats grew in number and improved in design.River boats carried to New Orleans the corn and other crops of northwestern farmers, the cotton and tobacco of southwestern planters. From New Orleans, ships took the cargoes on to eastern seaports. Neither the farmers of the west nor the merchants of the east were completely satisfied with this pattern of trade. Farmers could get better prices for their crops if the alternative existedof sending them directly eastward to market and merchants could sell larger quantities of their manufactured goods if these could be transported more directly and more economically to the west. New waterways were needed. Sectional jealousies and constitutional scruples stood in the way of action by the federal government and necessary expenditures were too great for private enterprise. If extensive canals were to be dug, the job would be up to the various states.New York was the first to act. It had the natural advantage of a comparatively level route between the Hudson River and Lake Erie, through the only break in the entire Appalachian Mountain chain. Yet the engineering tasks were imposing. The distance was more than 350 miles and there were ridges to cross and a wilderness of woods and swamps to penetrate. The Erie Canal begun in 1817 and completed in 1825, was by far the greatest construction job that Americans had ever undertaken. It quickly proved a financial success as well. The prosperity of the Erie encouraged the state to enlarge its canal system by building several branches.The range of the New York canal system was still further extended when the states of Ohio and Indiana, inspired by the success of the Erie Canal, provided water connections between Lake Erie and the Ohio River.9. What does the passage suggest was the principal route for transporting crops to the east prior in1825?(A) River to road(B) Canal to river(C) River to ocean(D) Road to canal.10. It can be inferred from the passage that shipping cargo east by way of New Orleans was(A) Advantageous for manufactures(B) Inexpensive for merchants(C) Not economical for farmers(D) Considered economical by the government11. The word "alternative" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) option(B) transition(C) intention(D) authorization12. The word "them" in line 9 refers to(A) crops(B) farmers(C) prices(D) merchants13. Which of the following products would a northwestern farmer in the early nineteenthcentury be most likely to purchase from the east?(A) Grain(B) Vegetables(C) Textiles(D) Fruit.14. According to the passage, where was the Erie Canal located?(A) Between Ohio and Indiana.(B) Along the Appalachian Mountains(C) Between Lake Erie and the Ohio River(D) Across New York State.15. The word "imposing" in line 18 could best be replaced by(A) impractical(B) successful(C) demanding(D) misleading16. The word "penetrate" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) cut down(B) go through(C) fill up(D) take over17. The word "its" in line 22 refers to(A) prosperity(B) Erie(C) System(D) State18. The word "extended" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) increased(B) constructed(C) deepened(D) measured19. According to the passage, Indiana and Ohio supported the development of the New Yorkcanal system by(A) helping to build the Erie Canal.(B) Building branches to connect it with the Ohio River(C) Providing much of the water for the Erie Canal.(D) Contributing financially to the construction costs20. What does the paragraph following the passage probably discuss?(A) Industry on Lake Erie(B) Canals in Ohio and Indiana(C) Sectional jealousies in Indiana and Ohio(D) Travel on the Erie Canal.Question 21-31Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) a government train carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm and had to be abandoned. The driver returned the next spring to see what had become of his cargo. Instead of the skeletons he had expected to find, he saw his oxen, living, fat, and healthy. How had they survived?The answer lay in a resource that unknowing Americans lands trampled underfoot in their haste to cross the "Great American Desert" to reach lands that sometimes proved barren. In the eastern parts of the United States, the preferred grass for forage was a cultivated plant. It grew well with enough rain, then when cut and stored it would cure and become nourishing hay for winter feed. But in the dry grazing lands of the West that familiar bluejoint grass was often killed by drought. To raise cattle out there seemed risky or even hopeless.Who could imagine a fairy-tale grass that required no rain and somehow made it possible for cattle to feed themselves all winter? But the surprising western wild grasses did just that. They had wonderfully convenient features that made them superior to the cultivated eastern grasses. Variously known as buffalo grass, grama grass, or mesquite grass, not only were they immune to drought; but they were actually preserved by the lack of summer and autumn rains. They were not juicy like the cultivated eastern grasses, but had short, hard stems. And they did not need to be cured in a barn, but dried right where they grew on the ground. When they dried in this way, they remained naturally sweet and nourishing through the winter. Cattle left outdoors to fend for themselves thrived on this hay. And the cattle themselves helped plant the fresh grass year after year for they trampled the natural seeds firmly into the soil to be watered by the melting snows of winter and the occasional rains of spring. The dry summer air cured them much as storing in a barn cured the cultivated grasses.21. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Western migration after the Civil War(B) The climate of the western United States(C) The raising of cattle.(D) A type of wild vegetation22. What can be inferred by the phrase "Legend has it" in line 1?(A) The story of the train may not be completely factual.(B) Most history books include the story of the train.(C) The driver of the train invented the story.(D) The story of the train is similar to other ones from that time period.23. The word "they" in line 5 refers to(A) plains(B) skeletons(C) oxen(D) Americans24. What can be inferred about the "Great American Desert" mentioned in line 7?(A) It was not originally assumed to be a fertile area.(B) Many had settled there by the 1860's.(C) It was a popular place to raise cattle before the Civil War.(D) It was not discovered until the late 1800's.25. The word "barren" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) lonely(B) dangerous(C) uncomfortable(D) infertile.26. The word "preferred" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) ordinary(B) available(C) required(D) favored27. Which of the following can be inferred about the cultivated grass mentioned in the secondparagraph?(A) Cattle raised in the western United States refused to eat it.(B) It would probably not grow in the western United States.(C) It had to be imported into the United States.(D) It was difficult for cattle to digest.28. Which of the following was NOT one of the names given to the Western grasses?(A) Grama grass(B) Bluejoint grass(C) Buffalo grass(D) Mesquite grass29. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a characteristic of western grasses?(A) They have tough stems.(B) They are not affected by dry weather.(C) They can be grown indoors.(D) They contain little moisture.30. The word "hard" in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) firm(B) severe(C) difficult(D) bitter31. According to the passage, the cattle helped promote the growth of the wild grasses by(A) stepping on and pressing the seeds into the ground(B) naturally fertilizing the soil(C) continually moving from one grazing area to another(D) eating only small quantities of grass.Question 32-44Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. Inventories of colonial libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone, or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone,。
托福全真试题
93-01 93年1月TOEFL听力A1. (A) Did you move the chair or did Ed do it?(B) Ed wants to move the chair.(C) Please move the chair Ed.(D) Ed forgot to move the chair, so will you do it?2. (A) Diane respects her teacher.(B) The teacher is looking at Diane.(C) Diane is taller than her teacher.(D) Diane doesn't like her teacher's looks.3. (A) I must take my groceries home.(B) I didn't bring my shopping list with me.(C) My left wrist is sore.(D) I need to go home for a rest.4. (A) I thought the novel would be better.(B) The novel is surprisingly good.(C) The novel is just what I hoped it would be.(D) I think the novel is quite boring.5. (A) Someone assisted him with the work.(B) Someone should do the work, or him.(C) He didn't quite finish the work.(D) He didn't work long enough.6. (A) At what time must you leave?(B) Have you forgotten what day it is?(C) What still needs to be done today?(D) Who left the tray here yesterday?7. (A) No one knew what the formal requirements were.(B) There was no need for us to get dressed up.(C) They asked for our former address.(D) Everyone was wearing formal suits or gowns.8. (A) I seldom have meat.(B) I like to eat early.(C) I never buy meat.(D) I prefer my meat rare.9. (A) Rita's roommate helped her to pack.(B) Rita's roommate needed help packing.(C) Rita's got the package for her roommate.(D) Rita had her baggage with her.10. (A) I figured the expenses on the last page.(B) Your plan will cost too much.(C) Drawing can be an expensive hobby.(D) You should go back to your original plan.11. (A) Both of us were exhausted.(B) We always tried to rest after exercising.(C) I turned over and went to sleep again.(D) I was overtired and couldn't sleep.12. (A) How could you forget to put the salt out.(B) I thought I bought salt last week, but I could be wrong.(C) I bought salt a few days ago; it can't be finished yet.(D) Did someone else also buy salt?13. (A) Let's not make them at all.(B) Don't make them use it all.(C) Leslie wouldn't share her work with them.(D) We should share the work with them.14. (A) She left the hospital and resumed her classes.(B) She went to the hospital after class.(C) She didn't complete her classes because she went to the hospital.(D) She was released from class so she could go to the hospital.15. (A) Our phone service was turned off.(B) They added another telephone.(C) Our phone service began today.(D) They refused to repair our telephone.16. (A) The frightened puppy was licking Lois hand.(B) Lois is not afraid to give a speech now.(C) Some people came over to speak to Lois.(D) Lois will hear about the fair tonight.17. (A) It's too bad you haven't worked harder.(B) We haven't heard a word about your work.(C) We'd like to walk to work with you.(D) You'll be well repaid for working so hard.18. (A) You can honestly say what you think.(B) Believe me the tray is not much use.(C) Frankly, I don't think much of Ray.(D) In my opinion the play was not very good.19. (A) She overlooked my paper by mistake.(B) She wanted us to review our own papers.(C) She asked us over to discuss the errors.(D) She said she would look at the papers again.20. (A) Two people walked in late for the movie.(B) Most of the people left before the movie was over.(C) A few people had to stand to watch the movie.(D) Some people moved their seats during the movie.21. (A) He can't go this weekend.(B) He has a hole in his bathing suit.(C) They should stay at the beach longer.(D) They shouldn't spend much money.22. (A) Turn the alarm off.(B) Live on a farm.(C) Move his alarm clock.(D) Go to bed earlier.23. (A) He hasn't had time to find another apartment.(B) His mother dusted her apartment the day before last.(C) He hasn't cleaned the apartment since his mother visited.(D) His mother was the last person to come over to his apartment.24. (A) Making a pot of coffee.(B) Trying different brands of coffee.(C) Drinking less coffee.(D) Getting a different coffeepot.25. (A) Some music cassettes.(B) Some school supplies.(C) Something to drink.(D) Something to eat.26. (A) He has finished his biology project.(B) He'll feel happier when the project is completed.(C) He's annoyed with everyone.(D) He took a nap in biology class.27. (A) She knows very little about bicycles.(B) She doesn't want the man to study.(C) The man likes to study outdoors.(D) The man isn't ready to study yet.28. (A) Try to find it in the house.(B) Repair the roof.(C) Lend his friend a pen.(D) Become extremely angry.29. (A) She agrees with the man.(B) She didn't hear what the man said.(C) She is surprised by his opinion.(D) She thinks he should look at it again.30. (A) The weather forecast has often been wrong.(B) No more rain is needed.(C) It's going to rain today.(D) They'll have more time tomorrow.31. (A) Ann should shut the door.(B) Ann should be quieter.(C) Ann shouldn't have stayed at the library so long.(D) Ann shouldn't have returned home.32. (A) Doris asked someone to build them.(B) Both she and Doris worked on them.(C) They didn't need to be fixed.(D) Not all of them were hers.33. (A) Bob doesn't have to stay until after his exams.(B) Bob will get into trouble if he doesn't stay.(C) Bob can't take his exams home with him.(D) Bob can't find a way to solve the problem.34. (A) He lost it.(B) He used it last night.(C) He was the last to use it.(D) He finally brought it back.35. (A) The novel wasn't so difficult to read.(B) She can't remember the author's name.(C) There were many comic characters.(D) She read it a long time ago.36. (A) One of his classes finished early.(B) He wanted to get some studying done.(C) The library had a special display on the industrial Revolution.(D) His books were ten days overdue.37. (A) Checked them out.(B) Took notes on them.(C) Returned them to the shelves.(D) Put them in his book bag.38. (A) They are marked with colored labels.(B) They are specially coded.(C) They are checked out.(D) They are inspected by the guard.39. (A) Copies down the name and the address of each borrower.(B) Checks all books for missing pages.(C) Demagnetizes the books as they are checked out.(D) Helps students use the card catalog.40. (A) To explain the importance of learning rhythm and harmony in jazz.(B) To show that jazz is not really music at all.(C) To point out similarities between jazz and classical music.(D) To describe what makes a good jazz performance.41. (A) They memorize their music before performing it.(B) They are more famous than performers of other kinds of music.(C) They perform their music as a means of individual self expression.(D) They possess detailed knowledge of the rules of jazz performers.42. (A) Practice various jazz rhythms.(B) Interview a jazz musician.(C) Watch a film about jazz performers.(D) Listen to some recordings of jazz music.43. (A) To Colorado.(B) To Arizona.(C) To the Nile River.(D) To the Museum of Natural History.44. (A) Archaeological.(B) Biological.(C) Meteorological.(D) Sociological.45. (A) In a cave.(B) In a river.(C) In a tree.(D) In a boat.46. (A) Solve a mystery.(B) See the canyon.(C) Find some driftwood.(D) Take some photographs.47. (A) A radio broadcast.(B) A political discussion.(C) A sales promotion.(D) A health documentary.48. (A) Where fruit is grown.(B) How fruit becomes ripe.(C) Why fruit falls from trees.(D) Which fruits are edible.49. (A) The fruit itself.(B) The air surrounding the fruit.(C) The spray applied by farmers.(D) The tree or vines to which the fruit is attached.50. (A) The fruit loses its sweetness.(B) The fruit falls off the tree.(C) Bees begin to pollinate the fruit.(D) The temperature inside the fruit increases.B1. --- that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates er unit of tissuedecrease, and they generally live longer.(A) The truth(B) If true(C) It is true(D) To be true2. Asteroids are small and therefore very difficult to identify, even when --- to Earth.(A) quite closely(B) are being quite close(C) are they quite closely(D) they are quite close3. A number of modern sculptors have rejected --- of minimal and environmental art anddeveloped a style of extreme realism.(A) which abstract qualities(B) there are abstract qualities(C) the abstract qualities(D) the qualities are abstract4. --- tributaries of the Mississippi River system were navigated by steamboats during the periodbefore the outbreak of the Civil War.(A) More than forty(B) More than forty were(C) Forty more than(D) There were more than forty5. Mary Eliza McDowell's introduction to social service came --- , when she assisted victims ofthe great Chicago Fire of 1871.(A) was sixteen years old(B) had sixteen years(C) at age sixteen(D) sixteen6. Young herons are helpless for a few weeks --- they learn to fly.(A) how(B) before(C) despite(D) since 7. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with ---.(A) ever made the very first pictures(B) the ever made very first pictures(C) the very first ever made pictures(D) the very first pictures ever made8. The center of gravity of the human body --- behind the hip joint.(A) locates(B) locating(C) to locate(D) is located9. The leaves and stems of the alfalfa plant are the only parts of the plant ---.(A) the uses for livestock fees(B) for using livestock feed(C) used for livestock feed(D) they are used for livestock feed10. --- choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of citylife.(A) So large numbers of people to(B) There are large numbers of people(C) Large numbers of people(D) Large numbers of people who11. --- to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces.(A) Danger can be(B) They can be dangerous(C) What can be dangerous(D) While danger12. Organic chemistry has made many new products---.(A) possible(B) as possible(C) are possible(D) they are possible13. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, --- a far higher price than the same pearlssold individually.(A) in order to bring(B) their bringing(C) bringing(D) bring14. Some metropolitan newspapers would make sizable volumes --- in book form.(A) than the print(B) print them(C) if printed(D) they are printed15. Pennsylvania ranks high among the states population --- many areas are sparsely settled.(A) and yet(B) so even(C) if not(D) except for16. Since the beginning of this century, the United States government has played an role in the A supervision and use of the nation's natural resources.B C D17. Between 1906 and 1917, political activist Emma Goldma devoted most of her efforts to A B Cwriting, traveling and lectured. D18. Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. A B C D19. Many of society's wealth is controlled by large corporations and government agencies. A B C D20. Pieces of eighteenth-century porcelain they are frequently dug up in excavations at A B C D williamsburg Virginia.21. A major purpose of scientific analysis is to identify and examine causal connections between A B Cindependent and dependence variables.D22. Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease. A B C D23. Recause it is a healthful way to exercise aerobic dancing is considered an excellent method A B Cfor release tension.D24. Doppler radar can be used to determine the direction which in the particles of a cloud are A B Cmoving. D25. Applied research aims at some specific objective, such as the development of a new produce, A B C process, or material. D26. Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks.A B C D27. The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological A B C DLaboratory in the 1930's.28. Clementine Hunter's primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries, included A B C Done at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.29. Alike a chicken, the grouse has four toes, with the hind one raised above the ground.A B C D30. Membership in labor unions in the United States reached its peak of 17 millions members in A B C D1960.31. The newer kinds of seeds produce corn it has much greater food value than older kinds.A B C D32. In meteorology, either the formation of clouds and the precipitation of dew, rain, and snoware A Bknown as condensation.C D33. Varieties of yellow grapes that have tender skin, rich flavor and high sugar content are A B Cespecially suited with making raisins.D34. Despite resistance in some parts of Canada, the conversion to metric measurement have been A B Csaid to be largely successful.D35. The most safest way to watch a solar eclipse is for one to look at it in a mirror while wearing A B C Ddark glasses.36. Chied Joseph La Flesche, a vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation aproud A B C and progressive one. D37. The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.A B C D38. In 1941 Orson Welles produced Citizen Kane a film noted for its technical brilliant, structural A Bcomplexity, and Literate treatment of a controversial biographical subject.C D39. Wildlife conservationists say the cover that foliage provides for animals is equal in A B Cimportance to the food supplying.D40. The Leyden jar was one of the earliest form of condensers invented to store an electrical A B C Dcharge.CPassage 1Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tallEven with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.1 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?(A) The characteristics of bacteria(B) How bacteria reproduce(C) The various functions of bacteria(A) How bacteria contribute to disease2. Bacteria are measured in(A) inches(B) centimeters(C) microns(D)millimeters3. Which of the following is the smallest?(A) A pinhead(B) A rounded bacterium(C) A microscope(D)A rod - shaped bacterium4. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see(A)tiny dots(B) small "hairs"(C) large rods(D) detailed structures5. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to which of the following?(A) A rider jumping on a horse's back(B) A ball being hit by a bat(C) A boat powered by a motor(D) A door closed by a gust of wind6. In line 16, the author compares water to molasses, in order to introduce which of the following topics?(A) The bacterial content of different liquids(B) What happens when bacteria are added to molasses(C) The molecular structures of different chemicals(D) How difficult it is for bacteria to move through waterPassage 2One of the most popular literary figures in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China, a country on a continent thousands of miles from the Unite States. In her lifetime she earned this country's most highly acclaimed literary award: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary recognition in the world, the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific literary output, which consisted of some eighty - five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty - five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were set in China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life served as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the product of those two cultures she became as the described herself, "mentally bifocal." Her unique background made her into an unusually interesting and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be aware that we are in fact meeting three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist. One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning about each of the three. Though honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in addition to the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes. Pearl Buck as a total human being, not only a famous author. i s a captivating subject of study.1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage?(A) To offer a criticism of the works of Pearl Buck.(B) To illustrate Pearl Buck's views on Chinese literature(C) To indicate the background and diverse interests of Pearl Buck(D) To discuss Pearl Buck's influence on the cultures of the East and the West2. According to the passage, Pearl Buck is known as a writer of all of the following EXCEPT(A) novels(B) children's books(C) poetry(D) short stories3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as an award received by Pearl Buck?(A) The Nobel Prize(B) The Newberry Medal(C) The William Dean Howell medal(D) The Pulitzer prize4. According to the passage, Pearl Buck was an unusual figure in American literature in that she(A) wrote extensively about a very different culture(B) published half of her books abroad(C) won more awards than any other woman of her time(D) achieved her first success very late in life5. According to the passage, Pearl Buck described herself as "mentally bifocal" to suggest thatshe was(A) capable of resolving thc differences between two distinct linguistic systems(B) keenly aware of how the past could influence the future(C) capable of producing literary works of interest to both adults and children(D) equally familiar with two different cultural environments1. The author's attitude toward Peart Buck could best be described as(A) indifferent(B) admiring(C) sympathetic(D) tolerantPassage 3When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it-at this moment in time.It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history.Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, We see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range. Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any star depends on its temperature; today(and for ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward both the longer and shorter light waves.That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen fuel-which it is now doing at the spanking rate of half a billion tons a second- it will become steadily colder and redder.1.What is the passage mainly about?(A)Faint dwarf stars(B)The evolutionary cycle of the Sun(C)The Sun's fuel problem(D)The dangers of invisible radiation2.What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?(A) It appears yellow(B) It always remains the same(C) It has a short history(D) It is too cold3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?(A)They are short- lived.(B) They are mysterious.(C)They are frightening.(D) They are nearly invisible.4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to age, it is likely to become what color?(A) Yellow(B) Violet(C) Red(D) White5.In line 15,to which of the following does "it"refer?(A)yellow "hump"(B)day(C)Sun(D)hydrogen fuelPassage 4If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830'sand 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abuttedthe older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse - drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass - scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class whose desires for homeownership In neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single - family housing tracts.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(A) The growth of Philadelphia(B) The Origin of the Suburb(C) The Development of City Transportation(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class2. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during periods of(A) industrialization(B) inflation(C) revitalization(D) unionization3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to which of the following?(A) The smell of the factories(B) The growth of mill towns(C) The development of waterways(D) The loss of jobs4. Which of the following was NCT mentioned in the passage as a factor in nineteenth - century suburbanization?(A) Cheaper housing(B) Urban crowding(C)The advent of an urban middle class(D) The invention of the electric streetcar5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by(A) automobile(B) cart(C)horse - draw trolley(D)electric streetcar6. Where in the passage does the author describe the cities as they were prior to suburbanization.(A)Lines 3-5(B)Lines S-9(C)Lines 12- 13(D) Lines 15-18Passage 5The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His intrial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Giblert and hisship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the regionthat he named "Virgina." Under Raleigh's direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587. The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?(A)The Regulation of Trading Companies(B)British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World(C)Early Attempts at Colonizing North America(D)Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century2. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing colonies in North America?(A)They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.(B)They were members of large trading companies.(C)They were immediately successful.(D)They were acting on their own.3.According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir HumphreyGilbert is true?(A) He never settled in North America.(B) His trading company was given a patent by the queen.(C) He fought the Spanish twice.(D) He died in 1587. 4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition set out for North America?(A)1577(B)1579(C)1582(D)15845. Which of the following can be infered from the passage about members of the first Roanoke settlement?(A)They explored the entire coastal region.(B)Some did not survive.(C)They named the area "Virginia".(D) Most were not experienced sailors.6. According to the passage, the first English settlement on Roanoke Island was established in(A)1578(B)1583(C)1585(D)15877. According to the passage, which of; the following statements about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true?(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.(B) It lasted for several years.(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.(D) It was conquered by the Spanish. 。
2014年6月21日托福全真试题
2014年6月21日托福全真试题（内地考）Reading①Climates have a lot of things to do with people’s life.The N’s tribe is one of the most obvious examples to show us how clima tes can affect people’s life.This N’s tribe used to live in the younger dry times and they lived i n a wild life style.However,climates was gonna change and it turned dry.The river and the source of water turned dry day by day with the games turned less and less.The drought made the N’s trib e difficult to find any food to make a living in a wild life style.So that people needed to invent much more precise hunting skills in order to make a living.In order to hunt more for food,they invented new tools,like the arrowhead.But they still could not get enough food so that they moved,then settled and tried to find new ways to live on.They happened to start to cultivate rye crop,and “tamped” wild rye generally.This became a new food resource for them and support them for a short period.Archaeo logists found the rye in a small village at around 11100 to 11020 B.C,which is the first man-made rye in our history.But this did not work for too long because of the growing human beings.The amount of people were growing bigger and bigger so that they could not just live on those small amount of rye.In order to solve this problem, they bronzed their scale of hunting and started to plant more grains.Even so,this still could not support their life or satisfy their demand.So they just changed from settling down back to nomadism.As a related consequence of that was the domestic rye went back to wild.The N’s tribe used to live in woodland where their ancestor lived for hundreds of years.Because of the change of the climate,the turning from humid to drought,with the process of arid of the water source,they could not make a living just in woodland.So they moved to Jordan river,where there were fertile soil and full source of water.②MetamorphosisIt is acknowledged that amphibious animals have to go through the stage of metamorphosis before they evolve into mature ones. There exists some protection actions, which are called metamorphosis, during the process of transforming into pupil from juvenile, and moreover, the process of metamorphosis always lasts for several hours or even several days. Then they will finally turn into the adult. For instance, tadpoles can evolve into frogs and larvae can evolve into butterflies, and all of these action can be assorted as the metamorphosis.The things in the nature always possess the reasonable advantages because of which they could survive in the process of natural selection. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the metamorphosis? As for the advantages, they can assign their life cycle effectively, with the consideration of different environment. But also due to the ability of doing effective plan, they have to consume a large amount of energy to support their behavior. Why do they choose this approach with such vast energy being consumed?Let us take the metamorphosis of frogs as an example. Mostly, the spawns of frogs are always born in a fierce environment, which is not suitable for their survival and development. That is why the frogs are inclined to consume most of their energy on the life cycle containing the reproduction and laying eggs stages. It is the same with the situation of the butterflies, that is to say, they also choose the stage which is considered as most significant to consume their energy.However, it is difficult for all these animals to go through this stage, since some of them will be given birth in a mild environment, in which , they possess sufficient water and food to support their life, and in addition, the climate or temperature are also suitable for their survival. In this situation, these animals will ignore the stage of metamorphosis.So with the explanation above, we can conclude the situation of possessing metamorphosis. If the juveniles of animals are born in a fierce environment, in order to survive, they have to go through metamorphosis, if not, they are likely to ignore the metamorphosis. Owing to the fact that, the environment in which these animals live in can change with the time passing by, they probably change the stage with the changing climate.③Coral reefGenerally, the coral reefs always can be assigned as three types: atoll, barrier reef and fringing reef, and all of these organisms let the sea world become a colorful one. Some scientist claim that the atoll always get together near the Indian Ocean, which contains huge lagoon. As for the barrier reef and the fringing reef, we can find them everywhere, and they are difficult to be distinguished from each other by scientist, that is why they are usually considered as the same kind.Referring to the Darwin suppose, the atoll which lives in the volcanic island can gradually transform into barrier reef with the force produced by precipitation of sea water, ultimately turning into the fringing reef. This theory not only provides an explanation to the formation of lagoons, but also clarify the reason of its existence. However, this theory cannot explain all the formation of barrier reef and fringing reef, since the natural phenomenon has various reasons and the slow process of precipitation is necessary.With the time passing by, many scientist has queried the Darwin suppose, with some evidences as well as analysis brought about, however, one specialist drilled the limestone which was more than 3000 miles deep, figuring out the atoll layer on the volcanic island, which support the Darwin suppose directly. It also attracted thousands of scientist put weights on researching it.Even though this scientist has provided us with strong evidence to support the ancient theory, we cannot easily conclude the explanation of the formation due to the complicated natural situation. If one day, specialist can collect all of the documentary of these formations, we maybe can get one conclusion and give the through explanation of this phenomenon.Considering the atoll can be found in a dense area and easy to discover as well as analyze, scientist have some significant materials for individuals. It is acknowledged that the atoll cannot form in the ocean in which the precipitation is quick and to some degree, it may be difficult for them to find the barrier reef or fringing reef.ListeningConversation 1Student: Hi professor, could I come in?Professor: Of Course. How is your preparation for the portfolio?Student: Actually this is why I am coming here today. I am here to ask you about some advice.Professor: I have seen it and I think it was quite amazing.Student: Oh thanks f or the compliment! I kind of trying to combine music and art together, you know…to create a new form. I really want to do something new.Professor: Yes I noticed it. Why don’t you keep doing research on the project you are doing now? I guess it will help y ou to apply to art schools.Student: I will, but now I am quite confused about the final paper. Can I write something about my project?Professor: Oh actually I would like you to do a summary about what we mentioned in the class. Edward Monte…Student: You mean a review?Professor: Not exactly, just a summary of his life and work.Student: That is not hard I guess.Professor: You can also write things what we discussed in the class. It is your option. I will give you some detail in the next class.Student: OK. Thank you professor. Well…back to me portfolio, do you think I need to add something?Professor: Yes, maybe more conception. You can come back when you finish it.Student：Thank You!Lecture 1The extreme Arctic climate makes the region a forbidding place to travel and a challenging place to live. Even so, people have found ways to explore and live in the Arctic. Indigenous peoples have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years. Explorers, adventurers, and researchers have also ventured into the Arctic to explore its unique environment and geography.Residents of the Arctic include a number of indigenous groups as well as more recent arrivals from more southern latitudes. In total, only about 4 million people live in the Arctic worldwide, and in most countries indigenous people make up a minority of the Arctic population.Archaeologists and anthropologists now believe that people have lived in the Arctic for as much as twenty thousand years. The Inuit in Canada and Greenland, and the Yu'pik, Iñupiat, and Athabascan in Alaska, are just a few of the groups that are native to the Arctic. Traditionally, Arctic native peoples lived primarily from hunting, fishing, herding, and gathering wild plants for food, although some people also practice farming, particularly in Greenland. Northern people found many different ways to adapt to the harsh Arctic climate, developing warm dwellings and clothing to protect them from frigid weather. They also learned how to predict the weather and navigate in boats and on sea ice. Many Arctic people now live much like their neighbors to the south, with modern homes and appliances. Nonetheless, there is an active movement among indigenous people in the Arctic to pass on traditional knowledge and skills, such as hunting, fishing, herding, and native languages, to the younger generation.Arctic people today face many changes to their homes and environment. Climate change is causing sea ice to melt and permafrost to thaw, threatening coastal villages with bigger storms and erosion. And the declining sea ice means that the Arctic Ocean could open up for commercial shipping or tourist cruises.Lecture 2The deep sea is cold, dark and under enormous pressure and the fishes that live there have adapted in strange and wonderful ways to this environment.Many deep sea creatures give out blue light, called bioluminescence, but the stoplight loosejaw is unusual as it emits red light as well. This is invisible to both its prey and its predators, and probably acts like a torch, to search out shrimps and small fishes. It may also be used to communicate with other stoplight loosejaws.The range of animals that live on the deep seabed has only recently been uncovered. They may live thousands of metres down, but they are as diverse as the inhabitants of a tropical rainforest or coral reef. Here are some of them.The oarfish has a flattened, snake-like body that grows up to almost 10m long. It has a bright red dorsal fin and a crest of long stiff rods, or fin-rays, on the top of its head.This strange and harmless fish is seen occasionally at the surface and may even be washed on to the shore. Because we see it so rarely, little is known about the oarfish's lifestyle. Its stomach contents reveal that it feeds mainly on tiny animals that drift through the water.Oarfish occasionally appear around Britain and one was caught by an angler in Yorkshire a few years ago. Sadly it was eaten before the Natural History Museum could get to it.There may be giants in the deep sea that we do not yet know about. In 1976, American scientists working in the Pacific hauled aboard a shark 4.5m long, previously unknown to science. If such a large and relatively shallow-living fish could remain totally unknown for so long then the deep ocean may still hold many surprises.Conversation 2Student：Hi, I kind of lost my ID card, I am really in a mess now. I was told that you can help me with this.Teacher: ID card? I am sorry but I think you are coming to a wrong place. You can go downstairs. They will help you.Student: Well…ehh…OK. I also lost my bike actually. I put it outside the dorm in March…I think it has been taken away by school.Teacher: Now is September. Why you wait so long to get it?Student: I just…well I have been busy… I…Teacher: I can be quite sure that we have no methods to find it anymore.Student: What? I cannot believe it. You should keep it until I get it don’t you think so?Teacher: You have to know that we don’t run warehouse here. We normally clean it every summer vacation.Student: So what could I do now? You cannot treat my stuff as garbage.Teacher: I am sorry but rules are rules.Student: I can’t believe it I…Teacher: How new is your bike?Student: It is not brand new but it was in a very good condition.Teacher: It might already belong to somebody who needs it. I am sorry but there is nothing I can do for the moment.Lecture 3Galaxies are the basic unit of cosmology. They contain stars, gas, dust and alot of dark matter. They are the only `signposts' from here to the edge of the Universe and contain the fossil clues to this earlier time.The physics of galaxy formation is complicated because it deals with the dynamics of stars, thermodynamics of gas and energy production of stars. For example, stars form from gas clouds, but new stars heat these clouds, which dissipates them and stops the formation of other stars. After recombination, density enhancements either grew or dispersed. According to our hybrid top-down/bottom-up scenario, an assortment of enhancements formed of various sizes. Small, dense ones collapsed first, large ones formed slower and fragmented as they collapsed.As the gas in the protogalaxy loses energy, its density goes up. Gas clouds form and move around in the protogalaxy on orbits. When two clouds collide, the gas is compressed into a shock front.The first stars in a galaxy form in this manner. With the production of its first photons by thermonuclear fusion, the galaxy becomes a primeval galaxy.After their formation, galaxies can still change their appearance and star formation rates by interactions with other galaxies. Galaxies orbit each on in clusters. Those orbits can sometimes cause two galaxies to pass quite close to each other to produce interesting results.Solid objects, like planets, can pass near each other with no visible effects. However, galaxies are not solid, and can undergo inelastic collisions, which means some of the energy of the collision is transferred internally to the stars and gas in each galaxy.Lecture 4Leonardo was notorious for incorporating landscapes behind his subjects in the foreground, utilizing dramatic chiaroscuro and rugged terrain, possibly as psychological cues. As the Renaissance revived the classical ideals, naturalistic elements like scenery and landscape sparked a new interest in studying Nature and its importance.Derivative of the Dutch word, idealized landscapes truly began in the Netherlands, the location of a steadily growing population of Protestants that wanted a secular option to the contemporary religious subject-matter. Aelbert Cuyp was one of the most poetic, drawing from his surroundings to paint bright and imaginative scenes. By the seventeenth century, the landscape was perfected, displaying an idealized, classical harmony where Nature was balanced and serene, evoking a classical simplicity. Landscapes were still not the highest form of painting recognized by the royal academies, but they remained popular, steadily growing in importance. Finally, late in the eighteenth century, the Academy recognized landscapes as historic and important, documenting nature as an educational study.By the late nineteenth century, some of the world’s most beloved landscapes were being painted by artists like Van Gogh and M onet, practicing the technique of en plein air, or painting outdoors. Now that pre-mixed boxed paints were readily available, the artists could travel outdoors to paint amids a more natural setting, further developing the quickly changing social customs and the idea of the weekend. The bourgeoisie could take the train to the countryside on the weekends, escaping the drab of the city. Moments like these were captured by the Impressionists and their contemporaries, documenting this new lifestyle in paintings of landscapes and social scenes. Their modern masterpieces broke ground for today’s contemporary landscape artists.Speaking1、Describe a subject of academy you enjoy learning and explain why you enjoy it.2、Do you agree or disagree: Children should help their parents with house chores when they are old enough?3、R: There is a proposal that the theater assistants should be paid and trained.L: The man holds a positive attitude towards it.1) Firstly, he says that most assistants have their main job. For example, one of his friends gave up the rehearsal because it conflicts with his boss’s job.2) Furthermore, he says the training will help the assistants work better. Some professional staffs teach the assistant how to use the equipments will also improve the quality of the play.R: The term is the subject-expectancy effective, it means that the thoughts of people will depends on what they already know.L: (The professor) Well, today we will talk about the subject-expectancy effective. I will give some examples to illustrate this term. For instance, a manager told a group of officers that they will be offered more works and they should be more concentrated on it. However, the amount of works was the same as the amount before the officers were told, the results showed that the officers work harder before they were told, just because they knew there will be more works. Another experiment is a company gave their fatigue and tired workers a kind of vitamin which can energy people up, but actually the pills are normal placebo, the results showed that the work efficient improved after works took the fake vitamin.5、The girl’s parents will come to her apartment this weekend, but her apartment is in a mess.Two suggestions, 1) The girl’s parents will arrive in the evening, but she has a chemistry meeting in the afternoon. She coul d skip that class to clean her apartment, but this class is quite important and if she skip it, she can not make it up.2) She can go back to apartment immediately after the class and clean quickly after the meeting, although the room will not be that clear, her parents will understand her. Above all, her parents know that she is a lazy girl who do not like to clean up.6、Birds migration at a long distance.1) First reason is that birds will eat enough food to store energy. For example, humming bird eat much food to store energy a few weeks before the migration, the food they eat will turn into body fat and its weight can added at least 40%2) Second reason is to take advantage of the air flow. For example, hawk can save energy by soaring-flying without flapping wings by thermals.WritingIntegrated WritingReading:Three benefits of establishing an international fund to preserve forests.Preventing agricultural damage.2) Developing forest village.3) Promoting the biodiversity.Listening:Disagree.1) The limited farm land has nothing to do with food demand, so the farmer will use more intensive farming ways, thus making harmful damage to lands.2) The money goes to real landowners and central government but not people who live in the forest village.3) Not all trees will help improve the biodiversity. For example, only signal species like robber trees and oil palm trees are in the forests which are for commercial usage. There is no positive impact on biodiversity.Independent Writing:People who cannot accept criticism from others will not be successful at working in a group.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
托福全真试题
0-1 ９０年１月ＴＯＥＦＬ听力 A1. (A) I have the key s to my sister's house.(B) My sister may have forgotten her skis.(C) My keys are probably at my sister's house.(D) I had to leave a pair of skis for my sister.2. (A) We should have graduated sooner.(B) The graduation ceremony is to be held as early as possible.(C) Early arrivals don't need to reserve seats for the ceremony.(D) It's necessary for us to arrive at the ceremony early.3. (A) Sara taught me how to use the computer.(B) Sara is spending too little time on computer projects.(C) I use the computer half as much as Sara does.(D) I have one computer and Sara has two.4. (A) Robert warned us to listen carefully.(B) We should pay attention to Robert.(C) Robert is talking instead of listening.(D) Let Robert hear the good news.5. (A) Stop that!(B) Go outside!(C) Do it again!(D) Put the scissors away!6. (A) Lois should work harder.(B) You should look for Lois.(C) Lois works very hard.(D) You are expecting too much of Lois.7. (A) Dean Williams asked the president to speak to the faculty.(B) The president asked Dean Williams to speak to the faculty.(C) Dean Williams and the president were invited to the faculty meeting.(D) The faculty must notify the president of a change of address.8. (A) Soon I'll be finished.(B) I've just finished.(C) I finished it a while ago.(D) I'll never finish it.9. (A) He doesn't like his work.(B) He isn't doing a good job.(C) He became ill at the office.(D) He's tired of looking for a job.10. (A) You don't find posters interesting, do you?(B) I believe framed posters are good for decorating.(C) Collecting posters is an interesting hobby.(D) He's tired of looking for a job.11. (A) I brought a camera just like that one.(B) I bought the wrong type of camera.(C) That camera ought to take very sharp photographs.(D) A camera is precisely what we need.12. (A) He gave back only the quizzes.(B) He gave only one quiz.(C) We wish he would return our quizzes.(D) We would like him to stop giving us quizzes.13. (A) I'm sorry to have inconvenienced you.(B) I'm not the cause of your problems.(C) I came because I heard you were in trouble.(D) I don't intend to worry about it very much.14. (A) One section of students is the best.(B) The students are very fond of playing football.(C) It's interesting to watch football practice.(D) I enjoy sitting with the students at the game.15. (A) We cannot attend the meeting at the airport.(B) Doesn't anyone want to go to the airport?(C) I believe that we'll be met at the airport.(D) Do you want to see someone at the airport?16. (A) These things take time to learn.(B) Will you study any more?(C) Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?(D) It will be a good learning experience for you.17. (A) That doesn't look like my suitcase.(B) Don't you recognize my suitcase?(C) Don't I usually lock my suitcase?(D) As far as I know, my suitcase should be open.18. (A) If you can see the movie on television, why pay for it?(B) Would it be foolish to watch that movie on television?(C) Why did you pay to see a movie on television?(D) When you saw that movie on television, was it silly?19. (A) I had no idea which report was due.(B) I thought only one report was due.(C) I didn't know they were both reporters.(D) I don't report what I do every day.20. (A) The sessions are very short.(B) The sessions may become longer.(C) The classes are too long.(D) The classes should be made smaller.21. (A) At a hairdresser's.(B) At a tailor's.(C) At a butcher's.(D) At a photographer's.22. (A) He is not used to big cities.(B) He is very tall and thin.(C) He will be hard to find.(D) he should watch what he does.23. (A) Cash a check for the man.(B) Get money to pay a bill.(C) Return Bill's books to the store.(D) Check to see whether she can pay in cash.24. (A) Five may be too many.(B) The decision must be made soon.(C) It would be smart to take more.(D) Four People are enrolled in them.25. (A) Find the newspaper editor.(B) Find a job working as a reporter.(C) Stay awake for the midnight news program.(D) Prepare an editorial for this week's newspaper.26. (A) A furnished house.(B) A recent book.(C) A refinished cellar.(D) A new record.27. (A) He hasn't had time to do the experiment.(B) The experiment turned out well.(C) The experiment took a lot of time.(D) He only did part of the experiment that day.28. (A) Keeping the check.(B) Sending a wire.(C) Inspecting the wiring.(D) Replacing the lamp.29. (A) It is in the center of the campus.(B) It should have a map of the city.(C) It has information about summer camps.(D) It probably has a campus map.30. (A) The paper must be in on time.(B) The question wasn't very clear.(C) He should ask a different person.(D) His request was made too late.31. (A) They have arrived late.(B) She agrees with the man.(C) They are uncertain about the weather.(D) She didn't think the man was ever late.32. (A) Her room isn't the one that's messy.(B) Joan's room is the large one.(C) She would like to change the subject.(D) She shares her room with Joan.33. (A) Happy.(B) Resentful.(C) Disappointed.(D) Sentimental.34. (A) Continue to drive.(B) Pay a traffic ticket.(C) Let the passenger out.(D) Park at the corner.35. (A) The woman hadn't sent a thank you note.(B) The woman hadn't noticed him.(C) The woman had left him a note.(D) The woman hadn't gotten his note.36. (A) Biomedical engineers.(B) Nursing students.(C) Students of philosophy.(D) Mechanics.37. (A) During the first week of classes.(B) During the second week of classes.(C) After the second week of classes.(D) Just before the final exam.38. (A) The mind can be completely understood through scientific observation.(B) The mind is too complex to be considered part of the "vital force".(C) The mind and the brain have the same chemical and physical functions.(D) The mind may function separately from the brain.39. (A) Decide whether they are mechanists or vitalists.(B) Take an article home and read it.(C) Transfer to the introductory class.(D) Write an essay about vitalism and mechanism.40. (A) An art student.(B) A chemistry student.(C) A newspaper reporter.(D) A landscape designer.41. (A) The name of an art school.(B) The differences between two kinds of paint.(C) Information about a course.(D) Locations about a course.42. (A) They dry in a short time.(B) They are easy to find in stores.(C) They come in many unusual colors.(D) They feel pleasant to the touch.43. (A) Experiment with achieving textures in painting.(B) Learn to mix their own paints.(C) Learn to appreciate abstract designs.(D) Copy the works of master painters.44. (A) Complete unfinished projects.(B) Practice techniques he has learned before.(C) Teach less advanced students how to use acrylic paints.(D) Learn how to apply paints with different kinds of brushes.45. (A) See the woman's work.(B) Ask his roommate for advice.(C) Order some supplies.(D) Sign up for a painting class.46. (A) On a Tuesday.(B) On a Wednesday.(C) On a Thursday.(D) On a Friday.47. (A) A final copy of the research project.(B) Copies of the midterm.(C) A textbook and pencils.(D) A few pens.48. (A) There will be only multiple-choice questions.(B) The exam will be both multiple-choice and essay questions.(C) The exam will have an oral and a written section.(D) There will be only essay questions.49. (A) it will be easy to understand.(B) Students will be tested on all the material discussed in class.(C) It will cover topics from a wide variety of academic fields.(D) Students must complete all parts of it.50. (A) During the first week of class.(B) During midterm week.(C) On the last day of class.(D) On the last day of exam week. ＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ ＦＩＶＥ B1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A) A(B) It is a(C) Although a(D) There is a2. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A) such(B) more(C) as(D) than3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A) it grows(B) what grows(C) does it grow(D) what does it grow4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to makesteel.(A) bridge-building(B) building of bridges(C) building a bridge(D) bridges are built5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A) Contrary to general belief(B) General belief contrary to(C) Belief contrary to general(D) Contrary belief general to6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for aseat in the United States Congress.(A) Barbara Jordan's campaign being(B) Barbara Jordan campaigned(C) Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D) Barbara Jordan campaigning7. The values of a people, their customs, and their perceptions of the world ---their language.(A) are influenced(B) be influenced(C) influencing(D) influence8. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's ---is equal to the probabilitythat it will not occur.(A) occurs(B) will occur(C) can occur(D) occurring9. ---fashioned from a wick floating in a bowl of oil functioned according to the principle ofcapillary action.(A) All lamps early(B) Lamps all early(C) All early lamps(D) Early all lamps10. Annie Jump Cannon, ---discovered so many stars that she was called "the census taker of thesky." (A) a leading astronomer who(B) who, as a leading astronomer,(C) was a leading astronomer(D) a leading astronomer,11. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ---to thebody.(A) the stress it is greater(B) greater is the stress(C) greater stress is(D) the greater the stress12. And ideal is a standard ---people judge real phenomena.(A) how(B) of(C) by which(D) for it13. Maine has ---weather than most of the other states in the continental United States.(A) coolest(B) the coolest(C) cooler(D) the cooler14. Amoebas are ---small to be seen without a microscope.(A) far too(B) far and(C) so far(D) as far as15. Graphite conducts electricity ---does not burn.(A) because(B) if(C) when(D) and16. The methods of spectrum analysis vary according to the wavelength region were studied. A B C D17. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour who originateover A B C D tropical ocean waters. 18. A great proportion of the seeds of desert flora they possess germination-inhibiting substances. A B C D19. Window treatment, furniture arrangement and color combine all contribute to the overall A B C impression of a room. D20. Harvesting of grains is affected by annual changes in temperature or in the amount of A B Cmoisture, but both. D21. Due to its excellent tensile strength, acetate rayon is an important material for products so as A B C balloons, parachutes, fire hoses, and webbing. D22. It has not been determined how years sea turtles can live in their natural environment, butthey A Bwill reach a very old age if left undisturbed by humans. C D23. A footnote is characteristically employed to give information that is too long or too detailed A B C Dbe included in the body of a text. 24. Watercolors dry more faster than other paints. A B C D25. In mathematical terms, modern algebra is set of objects with rules for connecting or relating A B C D those objects. 26. Alike most fruit trees, the quince is normally propagated from shoots or cuttings. A B C D27. A patent gives inventors exclusive rights to their inventions for a fix period of time. A B C D28. In 1981 the fossil jaw of a previously unknown small mammal was found onto a Navaho A B C Dreservation in Arizona. 29. The wild carrot, knew as Queen Anne's lace, gave rise to the cultivated carrot in its A B Cdomesticated form. D30. A statue, a monumental, a building, or a park may be dedicated to commemorate a A B Cdistinguished individual. D31. The Earth's magnetic poles are not stationary, but slowly shift its position. A B C D32. A emotion is not necessarily aroused by something in the outside world. A B C D33. The elbows are joints that connected people's up arms with their forearms. A B C D34. Ants have an elaborate structure social, and enjoy a longevity far greater than that of most A B C Dinsects. 35. Municipal planners deal chiefly for the physical layout of communities. A B C D36. A musician with multiply talents, Aretha Franklin is able to write songs that are unusually A B C consistent in style and content. D37. Whether a healthy adult tends to feel hungry two, three, or four times a daily is a question of A B C Dphysiology and of culture. 38. One of the most distinction dialects of North American English, Gullah is spoken by many A B Cpeople in the South Carolina area. D39. The novels of John Cheever belongs to a literary tradition that is concerned primarily with A B C D manners. 40. Pennsylvania has the most institutions of higher learning than any other state has.A B C DＥＸＥＲＣＩＳＥ ＦＩＶＥ CPassage 1The railroad industry could not have grown as large as it did without steel. Thc first rails were made of iron. But iron rails were not strong enough to support heavy trains running at high speeds. Railroad executives wanted to replace them with steel rails because steel was ten or fifteen times stronger and lasted twenty times longer. Before the 1870's, however. steel was too expensive to be widely used. It was made by a slow and expensive process of heating. stirring. and reheating iron oreThen the inventor Henry Bessemer discovered that directing a blast of air at melted iron in a furnace would burn out the impurities that made the iron brittle As the air shot. through the furnace. the bubbling metal? would erupt in showers of sparks. When the fire cooled. the metal had been changed. or converted. to steel. The Bessemer converter made possible the mass production of steel. Now three to five tons of iron could be changed into steel? in a matter of minutes.Just when the demand for more and more steel developed. prospectors discovered huge new deposits of iron ore in the Mesabi Range, a 120 - mile - long region in Minnesota near Lake Superior. The Mesabi deposits were so near the surface that they could be mined with steam' shovels.Barges and steamers carried the iron ore through Lake Superior to depots or: the southern shores of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. With dizzying speed Gary. Indiana. and Toledo. Youngstown. and Cleveland. Chic. became major steel - manufacturing centers Pittsburgh was the greatest steel city of all.Steel was the basic building material of the industrial age. Production skyrocketed from seventy - seven thousand tons in 1870 to over eleven million tons in 1900. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage( A) The Railroad industry(B) Famous Inventors( C) Changing Iron into Steel(D)' Steel Manufacturing Centers2.According to the passage. the railroad industry try preferred steel to iron because steel was(A) cheaper and more plentiful(B) lighter. and easier to mold(C) cleaner. And easier to mine(D)stronger and more durable 3. According to the passage, how did the Bessemer method make the mass production ofsteel possible? (A) It directed air at melted iron in a furnace. removing all impurities. (B) It slowly heated iron ore.. then stirred itand heated it again.C) It changed iron ore into iron, which was a substitute for steel.( D It could quickly find deposits 6f iron oreunder the ground.4.The furnace that Bessemer used to process iron into steel was called a(A)heater(B)steamer(C)converter(D)shower5.According to the passage. where were large deposits of iron one uncovered?(A)In Pittsburgh(B)In the Mesabi Range(C)Near Lake Michigan(D)Near Lake Erie6.In line 17 the words 'Barges and steamers could best be replaced by which of the following?(A)Trains(B)Planes(C)Boats(D)Trucks7.It can be inferred from the passage that the mass production of steel caused(A)a decline in the railroad industry (B)a revolution in the industrial world (C) an increase in the price of steel(D) a feeling of discontent among steel workPassage 2The origins of the horse go back to eohippus the "dawn horse" of me Eocene only 10 to 20 inches tall. Like its relatives the ancient tapir and rhinoceros, eohippus had four toes on its front feet, three on the rear, and teeth adapted to a forest diet of soft leaves. Bohippus died out about5(1 million years ago in both North America and Europe.Late ancestral horse types moved from their forest niche out onto the grassy plains. Their teeth ac to accommodate to hard siliceous grass. No longer could these protohorses slip away through thick forest when dancer threatened Escape now demanded speed and endurance Limbs crew longer. Extra toes became vestiges that were not visible externally1.The passage mainly discusses the(A) evolution of the horse(B) 5iZC of eohippus(C) animals of the Eocene(D) plight of endangered species2.The author states that eohipous was related to the(A) horsefly(B)tapeworm (C)hippopotamus(D)rhinoceros3.What did the eohippus eat? (A) Rhinoceros meat (B) Soft leaves (C) Hard siliceous grass (D) Other horses 2. In what way did predators present less of a threat to eohiopus than to later proto horses. (A) Eohippus was hidden by the forest.(B)Eohippus could run farther.(C)Eohiopus was not edible.(D) Eohipous was larger and stronger5.Tne paragraph following the passage most probably discusses(A)other changes that the rhinoceros has undergone(B)more reasons for the extinction of eohiopus(C)further development of early horse types.(D)the diet of eohippus.Passage 3In terrestrial affairs we think of "big" as being complicated; a city is more intricate than a village. an ocean more complicated than a puddle. For the universe. the reverse seems to be the case bigger is simpler Galaxies have some puzzling features. but on the whole. they are scarcely more complicated than the stars that compose them Beyond the galaxies. in the hierarchy of the cosmos. there are clusters of galaxies; these clusters are loosely bound by the gravity of their largest members and tend to look very much the same in all directions. Simplest of all is the universe at large. it is far less complicated than the Earth, one of its most trivial members. The universe consists of billions of galaxies flying apart as if from an explosion that set it in motion'. it is not lopsided. nor does it rotate. The more thoroughly scientists investigate the universe. the more clearly its simplicity shines through.1. What is the main point made in the passage? (A)The Earth is more complicated than the solar system(B) The universe is filled with puzzling materials.(C) The universe is a relatively simple phenomenon.(D) Galaxy clusters are an illusion.2.Acoording to the passage. clusters of galaxies are(A) indiscernible in the cosmos(B) held together by gravity(C) made up of only one or two galaxies(D) created when stars explode3.According to the passage, which of the fllowing is the most complicated?(A) The Earth(B) A cluster of galaxies(C) The universe(D) A galaxy4. It can be inferred from the passage that future research will support which of thefollowing statements?(A) Scientists in the past have been misled by the apparent simplicity of the universe.(B) The chaos and confusion of the universe will never be understood(C) Findings will confirm the belief that the universe is simple(D) Billions of galaxies are predicted to explode, adding to universal complexity.Passage 4Arid regions in the southwestern United States have become increasingly inviting playgrounds for the growing number of recreation seekers who own vehicles such asmotorcycles or powered trail bikes and indulge in hill - climbing contests or in carving new trails in the desert. But recent scientific studies show that these off - road vehicles can cause damage to desert landscapes that has long - range effects on the area' 5 water - conserving characteristics and on the entire ecology, both plant and animal. Research by scientists in the western Mojave Desert in California revealed that the compaction of the sandy arid soilresulting from the passage of just one motorcycle markedly reduced the infiltration ability of the soil and created a stream of rain runoff water that eroded the hillside surface. In addition, the researchers discovered that the soil compaction caused by the off - road vehicles often killed native plant species and resulted in the invasion of different plant species within a few years. The native perennial species required many more years before they showed signs of returning. The scientists calculated that roughly a century would be required for the infiltration capacity of the Mojave soil to be restored after being compacted by vehicles.1. What is the main topic of the passage?(A) Problems caused by recreational vehicles(B) Types of off - road vehicles(C) Plants of the southwestern desert(D) The increasing number of recreation seekers2. According to the passage, what is being damaged?(A) Motorcycles(B) The desert landscape(C) Roads through the desert(D) New plant species3. According to the passage, the damage to plants is(A) unnoticeable(B) superficial(C) long-lasting(D) irreparable4. According to the passage, what happens when the soil is compacted?(A) Little water seeps through (B) Better roads are made(C) Water is conserved (D) Deserts are expanded5. What is happening to the desert hillsides?(A)The topsoil is being eroded(B)The surface is being irrigated(C) There are fewer types of plants growing on them(D)There are fewer streams running through them6.According to the passage, what is happening to native plants in these areas?(A)They are becoming more compact(B)They are adapting(C)They are invading other areas(D)They are dying7.It can be inferred that which of the following people would probably be most alarmed by the scientists' findings?(A)Historians (B)Mapmakers (C)Farmer (D) EcologistsPassage5 Certainly one of the most intelligent and best educated women of her day, MercyOtis Warren produced a variety of poetry and prose. Her farce The Group ( 1776) was the hit of revolutionary Boston. a collection of two plays and poems appeared in 1790,and he three - volume History of the Rise. Progress. and Termination of the American Revolution. Interspersed with Biographical and Moral Observations appeared in 1805 She wrote other farces. as well as anti -Federalist pamphlet. Observations on the New Constitution. and on the Federal and State Conventions(1788) There is no modern edition of her works. but there are two twentieth - century biographies. one facsimile edition of The Group. and a generous discussion of her farces and plays in Arthur Hubson Quinn's A History of the American Drama From the Beginning to the Civil Wa r. Of her non-dramatic poetry. critics rarely speakMercy Otis was born into a prominent'. family in Barnstable. Massachusetts. In 1754, she married James Warren. a Harvard friend of James Otis and John Adams. comes Warren was to become a member of the Massachusetts legislature just before the war and a financial aide to Washington during the war with the rank of major general). The friendship of the Warrens and Adamses was lifelong and close: Abigail Adams was one 0* Mercy Warren's few close friends. Following the war. James Warren reentered politics to oppose the Constitution because he feared that it did not adequately provide for protection of individual rights. Mercy Warren joined her husband in political battle. out the passage of the Bill of flights marked the end of their long period of political agitation.In whatever literary form Warren wrote. she had but one theme-liberty. In her farces and history. it was national and political freedom. In her poems. it was intellectual freedom. In her anti - Federalist pamphlet. it was individual freedom. Throughout all of these works. moreover.runs the thread of freedom (equal treatment) for women. Not militant. she nevertheless urged men to educate their daughters and to treat their wives as equals.1. Which of the following is the main topic of the Passage?(A) Mercy Otis Warren and other poets of the Revolutionary War period(B) The development of Mercy Otis Warren' 5 writing style(C) Mercy Otis Warren' 5 contributions to American literature and society(D) The friends and acquaintances of Mercy Otis Warren2. In what year was Warren's pamphlet about the Constitution written?(A)1776(B) 1788(C)1790(D)18053. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a kind of writing done by Warren?(A) Farces(B) Poetry(C) Plays(D) Advertisements4. The author implies that Mercy Otis Warren felt the Constitution would fail to Protect(A) literary progress(B) political parties(C) the American economy(D) personal freedom5.In line 21 the word "but" could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) only (B) yet (C) still (D) however6.According to the passage. the kind of liberty emphasized in Warren's poems was(A) national (B) intellectual (C) political (D) religious7.In lines 24 - 25, the author refers to Warren as "not militant" to indicate that she (A)remainedpolitically aloof(B)did not continue agitating for a Bill of flights(C)did not campaign aggressively for women's rights(D)did not support military conscription。
2023年9月托福考试试题
2023年9月托福考试试题一、听力部分（30分）（一）对话理解（15分）1. 有一段校园对话，男生在向女生抱怨他的室友总是在他学习的时候大声放音乐，问女生有什么建议。
这题的答案是女生建议男生先和室友好好沟通，告诉他自己的困扰。
解析就是在室友关系中，沟通是解决问题的第一步，很多时候大家可能没有意识到自己的行为给他人带来了不便，通过沟通能避免不必要的矛盾。
2. 还有一个对话是关于选课的，女生想选一门艺术课，但是担心作业太多会影响她的其他课程。
这题答案是男生告诉她可以去问上过这门课的学长学姐，这样能了解实际的作业量。
解析就是学长学姐有实际的上课经验，他们能提供比较准确的信息。
（二）讲座理解（15分）1. 有一个关于生物学的讲座，讲的是某种珍稀动物的栖息地保护。
问题是这种动物栖息地面临的主要威胁是什么。
答案是人类活动导致的栖息地破坏和气候变化。
解析就是人类的开发建设使得动物的生存空间不断缩小，气候变化也改变了它们栖息地的生态环境。
2. 另一个讲座是关于历史的，讲的是古代某个文明的贸易路线。
问题是这条贸易路线的重要意义。
答案是促进了不同地区文化和商品的交流。
解析就是贸易路线就像桥梁一样，连接了不同的地区，让各地的文化和商品能够相互传播。
二、阅读部分（30分）（一）文章阅读一（15分）这篇文章是关于科技对教育的影响的。
有个问题是科技给教育带来的最大改变是什么。
答案是让教育资源的获取更加便捷。
解析就是现在通过网络，学生可以在世界范围内获取各种学习资料，不再局限于本地的教育资源。
（二）文章阅读二（15分）文章是关于环境保护的，讲到了海洋污染的问题。
问题是海洋污染的主要污染源有哪些。
答案是工业废水排放、海上石油泄漏和生活垃圾倾倒。
解析就是工业生产产生大量含有污染物的废水排入海洋，海上石油开采和运输过程中可能发生泄漏，还有人们日常生活中的垃圾也会被倒入海洋。
三、写作部分（20分）题目是关于是否应该在大学校园里推广共享单车。
托福试题全部及答案
托福试题全部及答案1. Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:In the realm of environmental conservation, the concept of sustainable development has gained significant traction over the past few decades. It is predicated on the idea that economic growth and environmental protection are not mutually exclusive but can coexist harmoniously. The key to achieving this balance lies in the efficient use of resources, the implementation of eco-friendly practices, and the promotion of policies that prioritize both economic and ecological health.Question 1: What is the primary focus of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Efficient use of resourcesD) Both A and BAnswer: D) Both A and BQuestion 2: According to the passage, what is essential for achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental protection?A) Inefficient use of resourcesB) Implementation of eco-friendly practicesC) Neglect of policiesD) Overexploitation of resourcesAnswer: B) Implementation of eco-friendly practices2. Directions: Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions that follow.Conversation:Speaker 1: "I've been learning about the history of the internet and it's fascinating how it has transformed our lives."Speaker 2: "Absolutely, it's hard to imagine life without it now. It's become an integral part of our daily routines."Question 1: What are the speakers discussing?A) The history of the internetB) The future of the internetC) The impact of the internet on daily lifeD) The disadvantages of the internetAnswer: C) The impact of the internet on daily lifeQuestion 2: What does Speaker 2 imply about the internet?A) It is a new inventionB) It is a luxuryC) It is an essential part of daily lifeD) It is a hindrance to daily routinesAnswer: C) It is an essential part of daily life3. Directions: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words from the list provided.List of words:a) accelerateb) diminishc) enhanced) mitigatee) prosperSentence 1: The introduction of new technologies has the potential to _____ the economy.Answer: c) enhanceSentence 2: The company's profits have _____ significantly due to poor management.Answer: b) diminishSentence 3: The government is implementing policies to _____ the effects of climate change.Answer: d) mitigateSentence 4: The new highway will _____ traffic congestion in the city.Answer: a) accelerateSentence 5: The small business _____ after receiving a large investment.Answer: e) prosper4. Directions: Write an essay on the following topic: "The Role of Education in Promoting Social Equality."In your essay, you should:- Discuss the importance of education in reducing social inequalities.- Explain how education can empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds.- Provide examples of educational policies or programs that have been successful in promoting social equality.Essay:Education plays a pivotal role in promoting social equality by providing individuals with the tools and knowledge necessary to succeed in life. It is a powerful equalizer that can break the cycle of poverty and empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. By offering equal access toquality education, societies can reduce social inequalities and create a more level playing field for all.One of the ways education can empower individuals is by providing them with the skills and qualifications needed to secure better job opportunities. For instance, vocational training programs can equip individuals with practical skills that are in high demand in the job market, thus increasing their chances of employment and improving their economic prospects.Moreover, educational policies and programs that focus on inclusivity and accessibility have proven successful in promoting social equality. For example, scholarship programsfor underprivileged students can ensure that financial constraints do not hinder their pursuit of education. Similarly, affirmative action policies in higher education institutions can provide equal opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds.In conclusion, education is a cornerstone of social equality. It has the potential to transform lives and societies by fostering a more inclusive and equitable world. By investing in education, we invest in the future of our communities and the well-being of all individuals.Note: The essay provided is a sample response and should be tailored to the specific requirements of the prompt.。
托福测试题及答案
托福测试题及答案1. 阅读部分阅读下列段落，然后回答问题。
段落：In recent years, the popularity of urban farming has surged in cities around the world. This trend is driven by several factors, including a desire for fresher and more sustainable food, as well as the need for urban green spaces that can improve the quality of life for city dwellers. Urban farming can take many forms, from rooftop gardens to community plots, and it offers a range of benefits, such as reducing food miles, enhancing local food security, and providing opportunities for community engagement.问题1：城市农业的流行是由哪些因素推动的？A. 追求新鲜和更可持续的食物B. 城市居民对生活质量的改善需求C. 减少食物里程和增强当地食品安全D. 所有上述因素答案1：D. 所有上述因素问题2：城市农业可以采取哪些形式？A. 屋顶花园B. 社区地块C. 屋顶花园和社区地块D. 以上都不是答案2：C. 屋顶花园和社区地块2. 听力部分听录音材料，然后回答问题。
录音材料：[录音内容省略]问题1：演讲者主要讨论了什么主题？A. 环境保护B. 教育改革C. 科技发展D. 健康饮食答案1：D. 健康饮食问题2：演讲者提到了哪些健康饮食的好处？A. 提高能量水平B. 减少慢性疾病风险C. 改善心理健康D. 所有上述好处答案2：D. 所有上述好处3. 口语部分根据以下提示，准备并回答口语问题。
历年托福考试试题及答案
历年托福考试试题及答案1. 阅读部分A. 阅读材料11.1 问题1答案：A1.2 问题2答案：B1.3 问题3答案：C1.4 问题4答案：DB. 阅读材料22.1 问题1答案：B2.2 问题2答案：C2.3 问题3答案：A2.4 问题4答案：DC. 阅读材料33.1 问题1答案：C3.2 问题2答案：D3.3 问题33.4 问题4答案：B2. 听力部分A. 对话11.1 问题1答案：A 1.2 问题2答案：B 1.3 问题3答案：C 1.4 问题4答案：DB. 对话22.1 问题1答案：B 2.2 问题2答案：C 2.3 问题3答案：A 2.4 问题4答案：DC. 讲座13.1 问题1答案：C 3.2 问题2答案：D 3.3 问题33.4 问题4答案：B3. 口语部分A. 口语任务11.1 问题1答案：A 1.2 问题2答案：B 1.3 问题3答案：C 1.4 问题4答案：DB. 口语任务22.1 问题1答案：B 2.2 问题2答案：C 2.3 问题3答案：A 2.4 问题4答案：D4. 写作部分A. 独立写作1.1 问题1答案：A 1.2 问题2答案：B1.3 问题3答案：C 1.4 问题4答案：DB. 综合写作2.1 问题1答案：B 2.2 问题2答案：C 2.3 问题3答案：A 2.4 问题4答案：D。
2018最新TOEFL全真试题
最新TOEFL全真试题2018最新TOEFL全真试题TOEFL全真试题Reading ComprehensionTime: 55 minutes (including the reading of the directions). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in somecases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of thepetals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landingstrip to attract the specific insect the orchid has chosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids even change their scents to interest different insects at different times.Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstaclecourses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same timethey have made themselves irresistible to collectors.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers(D) Perfume2 The orchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) the structure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made from it(D) the length of its life3 The word "fused" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced4 How many orchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C) 20,000(D) 200,0005 Which of the following is a kind of petal?(A) The column(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum6 The labellum(line7) is most comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course(C) an airport runway(D) a racetrack7 The word "lure" in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B) Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word "their" in line 13 refers to(A) orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the following statements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They are effective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects are repelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change at different times.11 The word "placed" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word "discrete" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functional。
TOEFL全真试题(1-2)
TOEFL全真试题（1-2）READING�燙OMPREHENSIONQuestions 1-9�牐牐燭he ocean bottom ------a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of theEarth ---- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Untilabout a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneathwaters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. Totally without light and subjected to intensepressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth s surface, the deep-ocean bottomis a hostile environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as the voidof outer space.�牐牐燗lthough researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments forover a century, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did notactually start until 1968, with the beginning of theNational Science Foundation s DeepSea Drilling Project (DSDP).Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil andgas industry, the DSDP s drill ship, theGlomar Challenger, was able to maintain asteady position on the ocean s surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samplesof sediments and rock from the ocean floor.�牐牐燭he Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program thatended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600,000 kilometers andtook almost 20,000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sitesaround the world. The Glomar Challenger s core samples have allowed geologiststo reconstruct what the planet looked like hundred of millions of years ago and tocalculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largelyon the strength of evidence gathered during the GlomarChallenger s voyages, nearlyall earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift thatexplain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.�牐牐燭he cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also yieldedinformation critical to understanding the world s past climates. Deep-ocean sedimentsprovide a climatic record stretching back hundreds of millions of years, because theyare largely isolated from the mechanical erosion and the intense chemical and biologicalactivity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record hasalready provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change ---information that may be used to predict future climates.1.The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in line 2 because it(A)is not a popular area for scientific research(B)contains a wide variety of life forms(C)attracts courageous explorers(D)is an unknown territory2.The word "inaccessible" in line 3 is closest in meaningto(A)unrecognizable(B)unreachable(C)unusable(D)unsafe3.The author mentions outer space in line 7 because(A)the Earth s climate millions of years ago was similar to conditions in outer space.(B)it is similar to the ocean floor in being alien to the human environment(C)rock formations in outer space are similar to thosefound on the ocean floor(D)techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in oceanexploration4. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger?(A) It is a type of submarine.(B) It is an ongoing project.(C) It has gone on over 100 voyages(D) It made its first DSDP voyage in 19685. The word " extracting " in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing6. The deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was(A) an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas(B) the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom(C) composed of geologists form all over the world(D) funded entirely by the gas and oil industry7. The word " strength " in line21 is closest in meaning to(A)basis(B)purpose(C)discovery(D)endurance8.The word " they " in line26 refers to(A)years(B)climates(C)sediments(D)cores9.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep SeaDrilling Project?(A) Geologists were able to determine the Earth s appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.(B) Two geological theories became more widely accepted(C) Information was revealed about the Earth s pastclimatic changes.(D) Geologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.。
TOEFL全真试题阅读部分
TOEFL全真试题阅读部分TOEFL全真试题阅读部分TOEFL全真试题（2-2） VOCABULARY AND READING COMPREHENSION Questions 1-13 Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to 10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, the sequoia tree can pump water to its very top,more than 100 meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century , themovement of water s in trees and other talls plants was a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps, but many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanations for the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom of the plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees, Furthermore, the conifers, which are among the tallest trees have unusually low root pressures. If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, .and if it is not pushed, to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask. How does it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation of water at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves,a negative pressure or tension is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water .are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes of very small bore, the forces of cohestion (the attraction between water molecules) arc so great that the strength of a column of water compares with the strength of a. steel wire of the same diameter.This cohesive strength permits columns of water to be pulled to great heights without being broken. 1. How many theories does the author mention?(A) One (B) Two (C) Three (D) Four 2. The passage answers which of the following questions ? (A) What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage? (B) When do dead cells harm plant growth? (C) How does water get to the tops of trees? (D) Why is root pressure weak? 3. The word demonstrated in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A)ignored (B) showed (C) disguised (D) distinguished 4. What do the experiments mentioned in lines 6-8 prove? (A) Plant stems die when deprived of water. (B) Cells in plant sterns do not pump water. (C) Plants cannot move water to high altitudes.(D) Plant cells regulate pressure within stems. 5. How do botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants? (A) Some very tall trees have weak root pressure. (B) Root pressures decrease in winter. (C) Plants can live after their roots die. (D) Water in a plant s roots is not connected to water in its stem. 6. Which of the following statements does the passage support? (A) Water is pushed to the tops of trees. (B) Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps. (C) Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall trees. (D) Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants. 7. The word it in line 13 refers to (A) top (B) tree (C) water (D) cohesion-tension theory 8. The word there in line 15 refers to (A)treetops (B) roots (C) water columns (D) tubes 9. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant?(A) Humidity (B) Plant growth (C) Root pressure (D) Evaporation 10. The word extend in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) stretch (B) branch (C) increase (D) rotate 11. According to the passage, why does water travel through plants in unbroken columns? (A) Root pressure moves the water very rapidly. (B) The attraction between water molecules is strong. (C) The living cell of plants push the water molecules together. (D) Atmospheric pressure supports the columns. 12. Why does the author mention steel wirein line 24? (A) To illustrate another means of pulling water (B) To demonstrate why wood is a good building material (C) To indicate the size of a column of winter (D) To emphasize the strength of cohesive forces in water 13. Where in the passage does the author give an example of a plant with low root pressure? (A.) Lines 3-5 (B) Lines 6-8 (C) Lines 11-12 (D) Lines 13-14 Questions 14-22 Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted outpeople and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urbon life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fulled what we now know as urban sprawl.Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them. located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six millionpeople. Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. There excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportationurban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly and near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceededmuch faster than population growth. 14. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? (A) Types of mass transportation (B) Instability of urban life (C) How supply and demand determine land use (D) The effects of mass trans- city portation on urban expansion 15. The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT (A) growth in city area (B) separation of commercial and residential districts (C) changes in life in the inner city (D) increasing standards of living. 16. The word vast in line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) large (B) basic (C) new (D) urban 17. The word sparked in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) brought about (B) surrounded (C) sent out (D) followed 18. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago? (A)To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth (B) To show that mass transit changed many cities (C) To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation (D) To contrast their rates of growth 19. The word potential in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) certain (B) popular (C) improved (D) possible 20.The word many in line 21 refers to (A) people (B) lots- (C) years (D) developers 21.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion? (A) It was expensive. (B) It happened too slowly. (C) It was unplanned. (D) It created a demand for public transportation. 22.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city (A) that is large (B) that is used as a model for land development (C) where land development exceededpopulation growth (D) with an excellent mass transportation system Questions 23-33 The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rate occurrence in the fossil record.The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroy by before they can be fossilized.Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance of beingpreserved than did terrestrial creaturesbecause,asmarine animals, they tended to liveinenvironments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilizationrequired a suiteof factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lackof swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairlyrapidburial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black , bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousandsof speciments of marine reptiles, fish, and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition,the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are sorare elsewhere? The quality of preservation, is almost unmatched and quarry operationshave been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But thesefactors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such aconcentrationof pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth. 23.The passage supports which of the following conclusions? (A) Some species of ichthyoeaurs decayed more rapidly than other species. (B) Ichthyosaur newborns are smaller than other new born inarine reptiles. (C) Ichthyosaurs were more advanced than terrestrial creatures. (D) Ichthyosaurs may have gathered at Holzmaden lo give birth.24. The word they in line 3 refers to (A) skelectons (3) scavengers (C) creatures (D) environments 25. All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization EXCEPT the (A) speed of buring (B) conditions of the water (C) rate at which soft tissues decay (D) cause of death of the animal 26. Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage ? (A) They include examples of newly discovered species. (B) They contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens. (C) They are older than fossils found in other places. ( D ) They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils. 27. The word outstanding in line 15 is closest in meaning to (A) extensive (B) surprising (C) vertical (D) excellent 28. The word site in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) example (B) location (C) development (D) characteristic 29. Why does the author mention the speciment preserved in the birth canal (line 21-22)? (A) To illustrate that the embryo fossils are quite advanced in their development (B) To explain why the fossils are well preserved (C) To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died (D) To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine animals 30. The word they in line 25 refers to (A) pregnant females and young (B) quarry operations (C) the value of the. fossils (D) these factors 31. The phrase account for in line 27 is closest in meaning to (A) record (B) describe (C) equal (D) explain 32. Which of the following best expresses the relationship between the first and second paragraphs? (A) The first paragraph describes a place which the second paragraph describes a field of study. (B) The first paragraphdefines the terms that are used in the second paragraph (C) The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general topic discussed in the first paragraph (D) The second paragraph presents information that contrasts with the information given in the first paragraph 33. Where in the passage does the author mention the variety of fossils found at holzmaden? (A) Line 1 (B) Lines 3-5 (C) Lines 13-15 (D) Lines 21-23 Questions 34-41 The Lewis and Clark expedition, sponsored by President Jefferson, was the most important official examination of the high plains and the Northwest before the War of 1812. The President s secretary. Captain Meriwether Lewis, had been instructed to explore the Missouri River, and such principal streams of it as,by its course and communication with the waters of the Pacific Ocean. . . may offer the most direct and practicable water communication across the continent, for the purposes of commerce. Captain William Clark, the younger brother of famed George Rogers Clark, was invited to share the command of the exploring party. Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammoths wandering around the unknownregion and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent, the two captains set out. The date was May 14,1801. Their point of departure was the mouth of the Wood River, just across the Mississippi from the entrance of the Missouri River. Aftertoiling up the Missouri all summer , the group wintered near the Mandan villages in the center of what is now North Dakota. Resuming their journey in the spring of 1805. the men worked their way along the Missouri to its source and then crossed the mountains of western Montana and Idabo. Picking up a tributary of the Columbia River , they continued westward until they reached the Pacific Ocean, where they stayed until the following spring. Lewis and Clark brought back much new information, including the knowledge that the continent was wider than originally supposed. More specifically, they learned a good deal about river drainages and mountain barriers. Theyended speculation that an easy coast-to-coast route existed via the Missouri-Columbia River systems, and their reports of the climate, the animals and birds, the trees and plants, and the Indians of the West -- though not immediately published -- were made available to scientists.34.With what topic is the passage primarily concerned? (A)The river systems of portions of North America (B)Certain geological features of the North America (C)An exploratory trip sponsored by the United States government (D)The discovery of natural resources in the United States 35.According to the passage, the primary purpose of finding a water route across the continent was to (A)gain easy access to the gold and other riches of the Northwest (B)become acquainted with the inhabitants of the West (C)investigate the possibility of improved farmland in the West (D)facilitate the movement of commerce across the continent 36. The river Meriwether Lewis was instructed to explore was the (A) Wood (B) Missouri (C) Columbia (D) Mississippi 37. According to the passage ,the explorers spent their first winter in what would become (A) North Dakota (B) Missouri (C) Montana (D) Idaho 38. The author states that Lewis and Clark studied all of the following characteristics of the explored territories EXCEPT(A) mineral deposits (B) the weather (C) animal life (D) native vegetation39. The phrase Picking up in line 20 could best be replaced by which of the following? (A) Searching for (B) Following (C) Learning about (D) Lifting 40. It can be Inferred from the passage that prior to the Lewis and Clark expedition the size of the continent had been (A) of little interest (B) understimated (C) known to native inhabitants of the West (D) unpublished but known to most scientists 41. Where in the passage does the author refer to the explorersfailure to find an easy passageway to the western part of the continent? (A) Lines 1-3 (B) Lines 7-9 (C) Lines 18-20 (D) Lines 23-25 Question 42-50 For a century and a half the piano has been one of the most popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlikestring and wind instruments, the piano is completely self-sufficient ,as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the fa- vorite household instrument of the nineteenth century. The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries-the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord s tone was metallic and never powerful, nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for intimate chamber music.The harpsichord with its bright, vigrous tone was the favorite instrument for supporting the bass of the small orchestra of the period and for concert use but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices .The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker inItaly (though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument). This instrument was called a piano e forte (soft Mid loud), to indicate its dynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in. the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a BR liquid, singing tone to sharp, percussive brilliance. 42. What does the passage mainly discuss ? (A) The historical development of the piano (B) The quality of tone produced by various keyboard instrument (C) The uses of keyboard instruments invarious types of compositions (D) The popularity of the piano with composers 43. Which of the following instruments was widely used before the seventeenth century? (A) The harpsichord (B) The spinet (C) The clavichord (D) The organ 44. The words a supremacy in line 9 are closest in meaning to (A ) a suggestion (B) an improvement (C) a dominance (D) a development 45.The word supplanted in line 10 is closest in meaning to (A) supported (B) promoted (C) replaced (D) dominated 46.The word it in line 12 refers to the (A) supported (B) promoted (C) replaced (D) dominated47.According to the passage, what deficiency did the harpsichord have?(A) It was fragile. (B) It lacked variety in tone. (C) It sounded metallic.(D) It could not produce a strong sound. 48.Where in the passage does the author provide a translation? (A) Lines 4-5 (B) Lines 13-17 (C) Lines 20-22 (D) Lines 23-28 49. According to the information in the third paragraph , which of the following improvements made it possible to lengthen the tone produced by the piano? (A) The introduction of pedals (B) The use of heavy wires (C) The use of felt-padded hammerhead s (D) The metal frame construction 50. The word myriad in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) noticeable (B) many (C) loud (D) unusual BR。
TOEFL试题
TOEFL试题TOEFL试题篇11.Between 1870 and 1 890 the total population of tile United States---.(A) that doubled(B) doubled(C) It doubled(D) when doubled2. Intended to display the work of twentieth-century artists, in 1929.(A) the opening of the Museum of Modern Art(B) so the Museum of Modern Art opened(C) why tile Museum of Modern Art opened(D) the Museum of Modern Art opened3. The Earth has a tremendous amount of water, but--- in the ocean.(A) almost all of it is(B) it is almost all of(C) is of it almost all(D) all is of it almost4. --- have sense organs in a canal known as the lateral line, which allows them to respond to changes in water pressure caused by nearby motion.(A) That tile fish(B) Fish(C) When fish(D) If tile fish5. Direct information on the chemical composition of the Moon became available in 1969 --- of the first Apollo mission to land on the Moon.(A) with tile return(B) returning(C) when returned(D) and the return6. --- completely harmless to the environment is very difficult and usually economically unsound.(A) Cleaning products that(B) Cleaning products are(C) Cleaning products are made(D) Making a cleaning product7. One of Ulysses S. Grants first acts as President of the United States was to name tile Seneca chief Donehogawa --- of Indian Affairs.(A) as was Commissioner(B) Commissioner(C) was Commissioner(D) him Commissioner8. One of the most ancient arts,--- in different parts of the world.(A) for weaving to develop independently(B) the independent development of weaving(C) weaving, to develop independently(D) weaving developed independently9. --- classified as a carnivore, the North American grizzly bear cats berries and even grass.(A) Just as(B) Because of(C) Although(D) Either10. Not only --- mucTOEFL试题篇21. (a) shell get the things the man needs.(b) sally wants to go to the bookstore too.(c) there isnt enough time to go to the bookstore.(d) the student center closes at four oclock.2. (a) he doesnt feel qualified for the job.(b) hed like a higher salary.(c) hes completely satisfied with his job.(d) hed like to be able to work more hours per week.3. (a) try to get a ride with pete.(b) take an airplane to boston.(c) ask pete the name of his hotel.(d) drive her car to boston.4. (a) shell give the man the newspaper after class.(b) she doesnt read the newspaper for her class.(c) she doesnt have a newspaper to give the man.(d) she only reads one section of the newspaper.5. (a) his roommate doesnt like to talk much.(b) hes upset with his roommate.(c) someone other than his roommate caused the problem.(d) he doesnt want the woman to be friendly with his roommate.6. (a) the book was very interesting.(b) he hasnt read the book yet.(c) the book is too long.(d) he doesnt usually read spy thrillers.7. (a) she hurt her foot.(b) her health problem has come back again.(c) shes feeling better now.(d) she needs an operation soon.8. (a) he has been working outdoors lately.(b) hed like to get some exercise over the weekend.(c) hes a good tennis player.(d) he rarely uses his computer.9. (a) more doctors should be doing research.(b) he is studying to be a doctor.(c) an important new medical treatment may be available soon.(d) he has already tried the new medicine.10. (a) she couldnt find her watch.(b) she feels bad about being late.(c) she forgot what time the library closed.(d) she had never agreed to meet the man.11. (a) shes a professional photographer.(b) shell take the camera to her car before the concert.(c) she just had an argument with her roommate.(d) shes concerned about leaving the camera with the man.12. (a) decide against sending the application.(b) order his checks by mail.(c) enclose a twenty-dollar bill with his application.(d) buy a money order to send with the application.13. (a) shes too busy to run for class president.(b) she hasnt considered running for class president.。
托福考试历年试卷真题
托福考试历年试卷真题一、阅读部分Passage 1: The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution, which took place from the 18th to 19th centuries, was a period during which predominantly agrarian, rural societies in Europe and America became industrial and urban. This article discusses the causes and effects of this transformative period, including technological advancements, economic changes, and the social implications for the working class.Questions:1. What were the primary causes of the Industrial Revolution?2. How did the Industrial Revolution affect the economy of the affected regions?3. What were the social implications of the Industrial Revolution for the working class?Passage 2: Biodiversity and EcosystemsBiodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular ecosystem, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. This text explores the importance of biodiversity for the health of ecosystems, the threats to biodiversity, and the efforts being made to conserve it.Questions:4. Why is biodiversity important for the health of ecosystems?5. What are some of the main threats to biodiversity?6. Describe some of the conservation efforts aimed at preserving biodiversity.二、听力部分Conversation 1: Library Research AssistanceTwo students are discussing their research project for a history class. They are at the library and are seeking assistance from a librarian regarding the use of resourcesand the organization of their research.Questions:7. Why are the students at the library?8. What kind of assistance is the librarian providing?9. What is the main topic of the students' research project?Lecture 1: The History of PhotographyA professor discusses the invention of photography and its development over time. The lecture covers the technical aspects of early photography, the impact of photography on art, and the evolution of photographic technology to the present day.Questions:10. What was the significance of the invention of photography?11. How did photography influence the art world?12. What are some of the technological advancements in photography discussed in the lecture?三、口语部分Task 1:Describe a memorable event from your childhood. Explain whythis event was significant to you.Task 2:Some people prefer to spend their free time outdoors, while others prefer to stay indoors. Which do you prefer and why?四、写作部分Integrated Writing Task:Read the following passage about the benefits of using solar energy and listen to a lecture that challenges some of these benefits. Then, write a summary of the main points made inthe reading and lecture, and explain the relationship between them.Independent Writing Task:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made life more complicated rather than simpler. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.结束语：希望这份模拟的托福考试真题能够帮助你更好地准备考试。
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TOEFL全真试题为了让大家更好的准备托福考试，给大家整理了托福练习试题,下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
TOEFL全真试题1Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of thedirections). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12 Orchids areunique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usualmale and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called thecolumn. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic andlight they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are threesepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distortedinto gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable ofthe petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramaticallymarked asan unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid haschosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids useappropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended toattract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchids evenchange their scents to interest different insects at different times. Once theright insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in thewild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does thepassage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 Theorchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) thestructure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made fromit(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How manyorchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C)20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal?(A) Thecolumn(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) ismost comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course (C) an airportrunway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaningto(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the followingis NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B)Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13refers to(A)orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the followingstatements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They areeffective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects arerepelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change atdifferent times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A)estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word discretein line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) complicated(B) separate (C)inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题2Reading Comprehension Time: 55 minutes (including the reading of thedirections). Now set your clock for 55 minutes.Question 1-12 Orchids areunique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which themale and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called thecolumn. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic andlight they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are threesepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distortedinto gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable ofthe petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked asan unmistakable landing strip to attract the specific insect the orchid haschosen as its pollinator.To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids useappropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended toattract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds. Some orchidschange their scents to interest different insects at different times. Once theright insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in thewild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors. 1. What does thepassage mainly discuss?(A) Birds(B) Insects(C) Flowers (D) Perfume 2 Theorchid is unique because of(A) the habitat in which it lives(B) thestructure of its blossom(C) the variety of products that can be made fromit(D) the length of its life 3 The word fused in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced 4 How manyorchid seeds are typically pollinated at one time?(A) 200(B) 2,000(C)20,000(D) 200,000 5 Which of the following is a kind of petal?(A) Thecolumn(B) The sepal(C) The stem(D) The labellum 6 The labellum(line7) ismost comparable to(A) a microscope(B) an obstacle course (C) an airportrunway(D) a racetrack7 The word lure in line 10 is closest in meaningto(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help8 Which of the followingis NOT mentioned as a means by which an orchid attracts insects?(A) Size(B)Shape(C) Color(D) Perfume9 The word their in line 13 refers to(A)orchids(B) birds(C) insects(D) species10 Which of the followingstatements about orchids scents does the passage support?(A) They areeffective only when an insect is near the blossom.(B) Harmful insects arerepelled by them.(C) They are difficult to tell apart.(D) They may change atdifferent times.11 The word placed in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A)estimated(B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified12 The word discretein line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) complicated(B) separate (C)inoffensive(D) functionalTOEFL全真试题31. A microscope can reveal vastly ______detail than is visible to the nakedeye.(A) than(B) than more(C) more than(D) more 2. Narcissus bulbs ______at least three inches apart and covered with about four inches of well drainedsoil.(A) should be planted(B) to plant(C) must planting (D) shouldplant 3. Industrialization has been responsible for ______ most radical of theenvironmental changes caused by humans.(A) a (B) the(C) some of which(D)which are the 4. In many areas the slope and topography of the land______excess rainfall to run off into a natural outlet.(A) neither permit (B)without permitting(C) nor permitting(D) do not permit 5. Color and light,taken together, ______ the aesthetic impact of the interior of a building.(A)very powerfully influence(B) very influence powerfully(C) powerfully veryinfluence(D) influence powerfully very 6. ______ that Rachel Carsons 1962book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.(A) There is likely(B) Likely to be(C)It is likely(D) Likely7. Total color blindness, ______, is the result of adefect in the retina.(A) a rare condition that(B) a rare condition (C) thata rare condition(D) is a rare condition8. ______ no conclusive evidenceexists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and thendiffused to the rest of the world.(A) Even(B) But(C) Although(D) So9.Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is ______ invarious forms.(A) abundant (B) the abundance(C) an abundant(D) itabundantTOEFL全真试题4Structure and Written Expression Time: 25 minutes (including the readingof the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes.Structure 1 Wind motioncan be observed in the mesosphere by ______ the trails of meteors passingthrough it.(A) to watch (B) watching (C) watched (D) watch 2 Thomas Edison sfirst patented invention was a device ____in Congress.(A) votes counted for(B) had been counting votes (C) for counting votes (D) be a counted vote 3Clara Bow, a popular actress in the 1992 s,retired______she was unable to makethe transition from silent films to sound films.(A) nevertheless (B) in spiteof (C) because (D) and for 4 Built in 1882,the Kinzua Viaduct in Mckean County,Pennsylvania, is open only to those visitors _____ are able to walk its 2058-foot length.(A) who (B) to whom (C) which they (D) that which 5 A bridgemust be strong enough to support its own weight _____ the weight of the peopleand vehicles that use it.(A) as well (B) so well (C) as well as (D) so wellas 6 The swallows of Capistrano are famous _____ to the same nests inCalifornia each spring.(A) to returned (B) who returned (C) they returned (D)for returning7 In the fourteenth century, ____ that glass coated with silvernitrate would turn yellow when fired in an oven.(A) the discovery (B) it wasdiscovered (C) with the discovery (D) if it was discovered8 _____ recurringfear is out of proportion to any real danger, it is called a phobia.(A)When(B) Whereas (C) Which (D) Whether9 Many modem photographers attempt tomanipulate elements of photography other _____ in their photographs.(A) thanlight is (B) than light (C) being light (D) light10 For any adhesive to make areally strong bond _____ to be glued must be absolutely or grease.(A) andsurfaces (B) when surfaces (C) the surfaces (D) surfaces that11 Although stillunderwater, Loihi Seamount, the newest Hawaiian island, _____ closer to the surface by frequent volcanic eruptions that add layers of lava to theisland.(A) brought (B) to be brought (C) being brought (D) is being brought12 _____unstable and explodes as a supernova is not known.(A) For astar to become (B) how a star becomes (C) A star becomes(D) That a star isbecoming13 Not until linoleum was invented in 1860 _____hard-wearing,easy-to-clean flooring.(A) any house did have (B) did any househave (C) househad any (D) any house had14 Hiram Revels, the first Black member of the UnitedStates Senate, served as senator from Mississippi, an office _____ he waselected in 1870.(A) which (B) to which (C) and which (D) being which15Oceans continually lose by evaporation much of the river water _____.(A) toconstantly flow into them (B) is constantly flowing into them (C) constantlyflows into them (D) constantly flowing into them Written Expression 16 Becauseof it consists only of a relatively short strand of DNA protected by a shell ofprotein,__________ _____ _____ A B C a virus cannot eat or reproduce byitself.______D17 The oxygen in the air we breathe has no tasted, smell, orcolor._____ _____ _____ ______ A B C D18 In 1977 Kathleen Battle was hiredby the New York metropolitan Opera, where her became__ _______ ___A B C thestar soprano.__D19 The aardvark is a mammal that burrows into the groundto catches ants and termites.___ ___ ________ ______ A B C D 20 Because ofthe availability of trucks and easy access to modern highways, the locate offarms____has become relatively unimportant with respect to their distance frommarkets._______ ________ ____ A B C D21 The homes created by the legendaryarchitect Frank Lloyd Wright are still viewed as ________ _____uniquely,innovative, and valuable.______ ___ A B C D22 Geologists find it useful toidentification fossils in a rock sample because certain assemblages ____________________of species are characteristic of specific geologic timeperiods.__________ A B C D23 Many poets enhance their work by creating acontrast among realism and symbolism in a____ _______ ______ _____ A B CD given poem.24 Most countries depend to few extent on cereal imports toaugment their own crops.______ ___ _____ ____ A B C D25 The fragrant leavesof the laurel plant to sell commercially as bay leaves and are usedfor___________ ____ __ A B C seasoning foods.____ D26 When contented,and occasionally when hunger, cats frequently make a purring sound. ___ ____________ ____ A B C D27 The evolution of fishes is a history of constantadaptation to new possibilities, and a refined of______ ______ _ ____ A B CD these adaptations.28 In 1991 Antonia Novello, the United States SurgeonGeneral, launched several programs to______ _____ A B address particulateproblem that young people have.______ ______ C D29 Some psychologistsbelieve that those who are encouraged to be independent, responsible, _______________ A B and competent in childhood are likely more thanothers to becomemotivated to achieve._______ ________ C D30 The central purpose ofmanagement is for making every action or decision help achieve a ________ ______ A B C carefully chosen goal.______D31 As a poetry Nikki Giovannimakes effective use of jazz and blues rhythms._____ ______ _ ______ A B CD32 Unlike wood, paper, and fabric, which tendency to disintegrate after beingburied for many_____ ______ _______ A B C years, ceramics and glassware,although easily broken, survive well in the ground._____D 33 Margaret Meadachieved world famous through her studies of child-rearing, personality, and_____ _____ ________ A B C culture._____ D34 The discovery of theantibiotic penicillin in 1928 has not produced antibiotics useful forthe_______ _____________ ____ A B C treatment of infectious diseases until1940._______D35 In the United States, the Cabinetconsist of a group ofadvisers, each of whom is chosen by ____ _______ __________ _____ A B C D thePresident to head an executive department of the government.36 Colleges in thenewly formed United States, in recovering from the adverse effects of the________ ____ A B American Revolution, inaugurated a broad curriculum inresponse of social demands._____ ______ C D37 Humus is formed during soilmicroorganisms decompose animal and plant material into ____ ____________ AB elements usable by plants.______ _____C D38 Ozone is an unstable,faintly bluish gas that is the most chemical active form of oxygen.__ ____ _________ A B C D39 The development of professional sports in the United Statesdates back to nineteenth century._________ _________ ____ __________ A B CD40 Long before his death, John Dewey saw his philosophy have a profoundinfluences on _____ ___ _______ A B C education and thought in the UnitedStates and elsewhere.___ D。