13年考研英语二真题答案
2013年考研英语二真题及答案解析
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly tothe cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decadesbut have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electroniconly to 4itself several means of payment “would s oon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checksit takes several days11a check is cashed and funds gives consumers several days of “float”—are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there.The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. ［A］However［C］Therefore ［D］Otherwise2. ［A］off［B］back［C］over［D］around3. ［A］power ［B］concept ［C］history［D］role4. ［A］reward ［B］resist［C］resume ［D］reverse5. ［A］silent ［B］sudden［C］slow［D］steady6. ［A］for［B］against［C］with［D］on7. ［A］imaginative ［B］expensive［D］productive8. ［A］similar ［B］original ［C］temporary ［D］dominant9. ［A］collect ［B］provide ［C］copy ［D］print10. ［A］give up ［B］take over ［C］bring back ［D］pass down11. ［A］before ［B］after ［C］since ［D］when12. ［A］kept ［B］borrowed ［C］released ［D］withdrawn13. ［A］Unless ［B］Until ［C］Because［D］Though14. ［A］hide［B］express［C］raise［D］ease15. ［A］analyzed ［B］shared［C］stored［D］displayed16. ［A］unsafe ［B］unnatural［C］uncommon ［D］unclear17. ［A］steal［B］choose［C］benefit［D］return18. ［A］consideration ［B］prevention［C］manipulation ［D］justification19. ［A］cope with ［B］fight against ［C］adapt to［D］call for20. ［A］chunk［B］chip［C］path［D］trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, Cor D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.（40 points）Text 1vidson relates a joke from In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Dacotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average millhas only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the ma chines.”Davidson s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making thepoint that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreignworker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle.But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won t earn you what it used to. It can twhen so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheapforeign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out inwhatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “ In the 10 years ending in2009, ［U.S.］factories shed workersso fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of everythree manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate.［A］the impact of technological advances［B］the alleviation of job pressure［C］the shrinkage of textile mills［D］the decline of middle class incomes22.According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to.［A］work on cheap software［B］ask for a moderate salary［C］adopt an average lifestyle［D］contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that.［A］gains of technology have been erased［B］job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed［C］factories are making much less money than before［D］new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is.［A］to accelerate the I.T. revolution［B］to ensure more education for people［C］to advance economic globalization［D］to pass more bills in the 21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?［A］New Law Takes Effect［B］Technology Goes Cheap［C］Average Is Over［D］Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came thosewho had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens tobe kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health care aides and physicists are among today s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be bothhere and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sidesof the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means openingup the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.“Birds of passage” refers to those who.［A］immigrate across the Atlantic［B］leave their home countries for good［C］stay in a foreign country temporarily［D］find permanent jobs overseas27.It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the U.S..［A］needs new immigrant categories［B］has loosened control over immigrants［C］should be adapted to meet challenges［D］has been fixed via political means28.According to the author, today s birds of passage want.［A］financial incentives［B］ a global recognition［C］opportunities to get regular jobs［D］the freedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated.［A］as faithful partners［B］with economic favors［C］with legal tolerance［D］as mighty rivals30.Which is the best title for the passage?［A］Come and Go: Big Mistake［B］Living and Thriving: Great Risk［C］Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake［D］With or Without: Great RiskText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a momentand think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects ofour quick, hard wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. Butwe need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studiesshow, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating.We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we re doing. Subjects exposed to fast food flashes also tend to think a musicalpiece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products orhousing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estateagents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screenersare more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.formation reliably John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” in only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” longterm study. When Dr. Gottmanreally wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for amuch longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dog can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historicallywe have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technologymight change the way we react, it hasn t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high speed trend.31.The time needed in making decisions may.［A］vary according to the urgency of the situation［B］prove the complexity of our brain reaction［C］depend on the importance of the assessment［D］predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32.Our reaction to a fast food logo shows that snap decisions.［A］can be associative［B］are not unconscious［C］can be dangerous［D］are not impulsive33.To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should.［A］trust our first impression［B］do as people usually do［C］think before we act［D］ask for expert advice34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on.［A］critical assessment［B］“thin sliced” study［C］sensible explanation［D］adequate information35.The author s attitude toward reversing the high speed trend is.［A］tolerant［B］uncertain［C］optimistic［D］doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe s top corporate governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, womenhold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain acertain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration.Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly asthey balance work and family?Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” “Personally, I don t like quotas,” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions onplacing women in top business positions.I understand Reding s reluctance—and her frustration. I don t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as theUS are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Shery Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any otherhighly capable person living in a more just society.36.In the European corporate workplace, generally.［A］women take the lead［B］men have the final say［C］corporate governance is overwhelmed［D］senior management is family friendly37.The European Union s intended legislation is.［A］ a reflection of gender balance［B］ a reluctant choice［C］ a response to Reding s call［D］ a voluntary action38.According to Reding, quotas may help women.［A］get top business positions［B］see through the glass ceiling［C］balance work and family［D］anticipate legal results39.The author s attitude toward Reding s appeal is one of.［A］skepticism［B］objectiveness［C］indifference［D］approval40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of. ［A］more social justice［B］massive media attention［C］suitable public policies［D］greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A G for each numbered paragraph (4145).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）［A］Live like a peasant［B］Balance your diet［C］Shopkeepers are your friends［D］Remember to treat yourself［E］Stick to what you need［F］Planning is everything［G］Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London s best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his careere community mental health team saved my life. burned out and his drinking became serious.“ThAnd I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gaveme the validation and confidence that I d lost. But it s still a day by day thing.”Now he s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He s feeling positive, but he ll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well on a budget. Here s his advice for economical foodies.41.Impulsive spending isn t an option, so plan your week s menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it s not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It s also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you ll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42.This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there s not thesame embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly,you ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whateverweight is pre packed in the supermarket chiller.43.You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that s not good enough.Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage,but if you have surplus vegetables you ll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off”will be cooked or juiced.44.Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis andfish sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you ll feel comfortableasking if they ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses andfish heads for stock which, more often than not, they ll let you have for free.45.You won t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treatyourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you￡21—more than enough for a three course lunch at Michelin starred Arbutus. It s ￡16.95there—or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino s: I know which I d rather eat.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation onANSWER SHEET 2.（15 points）I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened inthe news and even the day of the week. I ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seemsto be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I dowhat everybody does—try to put it to one side. I don t think it s harder for me just because mymemory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I canrecall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the daybefore. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day—they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name atthe end of the letter. U se “Li Ming” instead. Dont write your address.（10 points）Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words.（15 points）某高校学生兼职情况【2013年试题超精解】1.［答案］［A］［考点］上下文逻辑关系［解析］此类考题形式表明本题考查上下文之间存在的逻辑关系，理解上下文并破解其逻辑关系是解题的关键。
2013考研英语二真题及答案详解
慕课考研
4. [A] reward 5. [A] silent 6. [A] for [B] resist [B] sudden [B] against [C] resume [C] slow [C] with [D] reverse [D] steady [D] on [C] sensitive [D] productive
Use of English
பைடு நூலகம்
Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. [A] However 2. [A] off 3. [A] power [B] Moreover [B] back [B] concept [C] over [C] history [C] Therefore [D] around [D] role [D] Otherwise
2013年考研英语二真题原文及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise
2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around
3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role
4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse
Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.
2013年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的安全隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A （However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D “角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D 选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解
2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解说明：由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an accele ration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the UnitedStates came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage wan t___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferablyfive. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into wh atever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Altho ugh technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Redingissued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a littlegreengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350gof shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planningahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do avegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for threemonths gives you ?21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET .Section I Use of English1.【答案】A(However)【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
2013考研英语真题及答案解析(英语二)完整版 (一)
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and fundsare 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We。
2013年考研英语二真题及答案(完整版)
2013年研究生入学考试英语一真题与解析英语二完型Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of thistype of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail答案：1-5: ADBDC6-10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABAD英语二阅读原文及出处：Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,”in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines。
2013考研英语二答案解析
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】A(However)【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案A。
B. moreover表递进C. therefore 表结果D. Otherwise表对比2.【答案】D (around)【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止B. back 返回C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around出现。
3.【答案】B (concept)【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念(定义)，而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4.【答案】D (reverse)【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize (变革)意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
”5.【答案】C (slow)【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。
A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady稳定不变的。
2013年考研英语二真题及优化详解【试卷打印版】
2013年全国硕士研究生英语二入学统一考试Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)Given the advantage of electronic money, you might think that we should move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been___2___for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very___3___of money itself,” only to___4___itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so___5___in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work___6___the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very___7___to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the___8___form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they___9___receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"---it takes several days___11___a check is cashed and funds are___12___from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may___14___security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___there. The fact that this is not an___16___occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and___17___funds by moving them from someone else's accounts. The___18___of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to___19___security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic___20___that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D] ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A] , [B] , [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (40 points)Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the quantum advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment. Average is over.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. As they say, if horses could have voted, there never would have been cars. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, (U.S.) factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs — about 6 million in total — disappeared.”There will always be changes —new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the IT revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average. Here are the latest unemployment rates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for Americans over 25 years old: those with less than a high school degree, 13.8 percent; those with a high school degree and no college, 8.7 percent; those with some college or associate degree, 7.7 percent; and those with bachelor’s degree or higher, 4.1 percent.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate__________.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_________.[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _________.[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is__________[A] to accelerate the IT revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who________[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foreign country temporarily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US________[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adapted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixed via political means.28. According to the author, today’s birds of passage want_________[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __________[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with legal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 Which of the following is the most appropriate title?[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving: great risk.[C] with or without: great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may________.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions________.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should________.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on___________.[A] critical assessment[B] “thin sliced” study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is__________.[A] tolerant [B] uncertain [C] optimistic [D] doubtfulText4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But I like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance—and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_________.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women _________.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism [B] objectiveness [C] indifference [D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._______________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43________________________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45_________________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week, I’ve been able to do this, since I was 4.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does – try to put it to one side. I don't think it's harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn't make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical Hair opened on Broadway on the same day – they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47 WritingSuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help.Write your classmates an email to(1) inform them about the details and(2) encourage them to participate 100 words use Li Ming. Don't write your address.(10 points)48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should(1) interpret the chart, and(2) give your commentsYou should write about 150 words. (15 points)某高校学生兼职情况2013年考研英语二真题答案Section I Use of English1.【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
2013考研英语二真题及答案(详细版)
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2013考研英语二真题及答案(详细版)Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for twodecades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself, only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of float -it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We oftenhear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail答案：1-5: ADBDC6-10: BBDBA11-15: ADCCC 16-20: CABAD[考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为a true cashless society isprobably not around the corner . (一个无现金社会不太可能马上出现)，而文章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进入一个无现金社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。
13年考研英语二答案解析
13年考研英语二答案解析2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析来源：万学教育发布时间：2013-01-06 11:33:39【阅读：579次】万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案A。
B. moreover表递进C. therefore 表结果D. Otherwise表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止 B. back 返回 C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
”5．【答案】C （slow）【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。
13年考研英语二答案解析
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析来源：万学教育发布时间：2013-01-06 11:33:39【阅读： 579次】万学海文教研中心英语教研室Section I Use of English1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。
”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案A。
B. moreover表递进 C. therefore 表结果 D. Otherwise表对比2．【答案】D （around）【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止 B. back 返回 C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B （concept）【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A“力量”,C“历史”,D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择 role的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D （reverse）【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词 revolutionize （变革）意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中 A. reward 奖励 B. 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D选项reverse“颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
”5．【答案】C （slow）【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。
2013年考研《英语二》试题及答案：完形填空
2013年考研《英语⼆》试题及答案（完形填空）已公布，具体内容请各位考⽣及时查看如下，尽请关注！Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming? Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there. Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy. 1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise 2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around 3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role 4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse 5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady 6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on 7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive 8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant 9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print 10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down 11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when 12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn 13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though 14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease 15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed 16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear 17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return 18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification 19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for 20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail 答案： 1-5: ADBDC 6-10: BBDBA 11-15: ADCCC 16-20: CABAD 【答案详解】 1. [标准答案] [A] [考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系 [选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原⽂信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(⼀个⽆现⾦社会不太可能马上出现)，⽽⽂章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进⼊⼀个⽆现⾦社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。
考研英语二13年真题
考研英语二13年真题一、词汇单选题。
（每题 1 分，共 20 分）1. Small class sizes ensure close interaction between students and faculty.中划线单词的释义为______。
[单选题] *A. 设备B. 能力C. （高等院校的）全体教员(正确答案)D. （政府的）专门机构答案解析：1. C。
本句句意为：小班授课确保了学生和教师之间的密切互动。
在本句中，faculty 意为“（高等院校的）全体教员”。
2. The threat of unemployment has been looming on the horizon. 中划线单词的释义为 ______。
[单选题] *A. 消失B. 收获C. 跟随D. 逼近(正确答案)答案解析：2. D。
本句句意为：失业的威胁已经在逼近。
在本句中，loom 意为“逼近”。
3. Multiple clinical trials are underway to investigate potential treatments.中划线单词的释义为______。
[单选题] *A. 审判B. 琐事C. 试验(正确答案)D. 踪迹答案解析：3. C。
本句句意为：目前正在进行多项临床试验，以研究潜在的治疗方法。
在本句中，trial 意为“试验”。
4. They called for assurances that the government is committed to its education policy.中划线单词的释义为______。
[单选题] *A. 津贴B. 保证(正确答案)C. 保险D. 自信答案解析：4. B。
本句句意为：他们要求政府保证切实执行其教育方针。
在本句中，assurance 意为“保证”。
5. The reporting in the papers is entirely partial and makes no attempt to be objective.中划线单词的释义为______。
2013年考研英语二真题及解析
7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the auth or Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away f rom the machines.”Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middleclass incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle. But，today，average is officially over.Being average just won't earn you what it used to. It can't when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius.Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there's been acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In th e 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.”There will always be change—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to posthigh school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate ________.[A] the impact of technological advances [B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills [D] the decline of middleclass incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to ________.[A] work on cheap software [B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle [D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ________.[A] gains of technology have been erased [B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before [D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is ________.[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution [B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization [D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect [B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over [D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home healthcare aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding thatmanaging immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26. “Birds of passage” refers to those who________.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic [B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily [D] find permanent jobs overseas27. It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US________.[A] needs new immigrant categories [B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges [D] has been fixed via political means28. According to the author, today's birds of passage want________.[A] financial incentives [B] a global recognition[C] opportunities to get regular jobs [D] the freedom to stay and leave29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated ________.[A] as faithful partners [B] with economic favors[C] with legal tolerance [D] as mighty rivals30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ________.[A] Come and go: big mistake [B] Living and thriving: great risk[C] With or without: great risk [D] Legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hardwired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hardwired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or openmindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fastfood logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing. Subjects exposed to fastfood flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” longterm study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hardwired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doges can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the highspeed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may________.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation [B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment [D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fastfood logo shows that snap decisions________.[A] can be associative [B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous [D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should________.[A] trust our first impression [B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act [D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on________.[A] critical assessment [B] “thin sliced” study[C] sensible explanation [D] adequate information35. The author's attitude toward reversing the highspeed trend is________.[A] tolerant [B] uncertain [C] optimistic [D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a genderequality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely familyfriendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe's top corporategovernance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don't like quotas，” Reding said recently.“But I like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding's reluctance—and her frustration. I don't like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure” is put u pon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children's caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally________.[A] women take the lead [B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed [D] senior management is familyfriendly37. The European Union's intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance [B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding's call [D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ________.[A] get top business positions [B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family [D] anticipate legal results39. The author's attitude toward Reding's appeal is one of ________.[A] skepticism [B] objectiveness [C] indifference [D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ________.[A] more social justice [B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies [D] greater “soft pressure”Part BRead the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subtitle from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Shopkeepers are your friends[B] Remember to treat yourself[C] Stick to what you need[D] Live like a peasant[E] Balance your diet[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ￡60 a week to spend, ￡40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ￡130，000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. “The community mental he alth team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a dayby day thing.” Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies. 41.________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42.________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is prepacked in the supermarket chiller.43.________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to “go off” will be cooked or juiced.44.________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fishsellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they'll let you have for free.45.________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you ￡21—more than enough for a threecourse lunch at Michelinstarred Arbutus. It's ￡16.95 there—or ￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this, since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everybody does—try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day—they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Directions: Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details, and2) encourage them to participate.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)48. Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠ Use of English文章分析本篇文章是一篇议论文。
2013年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本篇文章是一篇议论文。
阐述了当代社会电子支付方式已日益成为人们生活中不可或缺的生活方式之一。
由此引发的问题是我们是否会迎来一个无现金社会(社会中不存在现金交易，电子支付方式完全将其取代)。
作者认为这样的无现金社会还需很长时间才可实现。
因为虽然电子支付方式相较于现金支付方式有很多优势，但仍存在一定的安全隐患，比如可能泄漏用户信息，不能保障用户的隐私安全等。
试题解析Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.__1__a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed, predictions have been__2__for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Weekpredicted in1975that electronic means of payment would soon“revolutionize the very__3__of money itself，”only to __4__itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so__5__in coming?【译文】鉴于电子化付款方式的优势，你或许会认为，我们将很快进入一个无现金社会，所有的交易都由电子支付方式完成。
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13年考研英语二真题答案Section I Use of English1. However2. around3. concept4. reverse5. slow6. against7. expensive8. dominant9. provide10. give up11. before12. withdrawn13. Because14. raise15. stored16. uncommon17. steal18. prevention19. cope with20. trail【点评】2013考研英语二完形填空文章节选自论文The Root of All Evil，原文名称Are we moving to a Cashless Society? 文章探讨电子金融的发展会否使社会走向无现金化。
文章首先指出无现金流通暂时还不会实现并对其不能实现的原因进行了说明。
第一个原因是电脑、读卡系统、电子流通网络等使得电子金融得以顺畅的基础设施太贵；二是纸质支票本身有许多便利；三是纸质支票目前给客户提供一个兑现的周期。
文章重点讲了第四个原因是电子金融可能导致个人隐私安全问题。
本次完形文章难度及题目难度与往年持平，考察对英语文章上下文逻辑关系的把握能力以及对词汇的理解和辨析能力。
完形填空是考研英语各题型中难度较大的题型，也是能够考察考生英语综合能力的题型。
对于14年考生老说，平时要养成良好的做题习惯，多加训练，切勿因为完形填空分值低而放弃这一题型，这样才能保证总分高。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121. the impact of technological advances22. contribute something unique23. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed24. to ensure more education for people25. Average is Over【点评】文章来自《纽约时报》，文章名为Average is over。
本文主要是讲科技变革对整个社会的工作量、工作人员等的影响。
本篇文章难度不大。
文章开篇先用一个笑话引出科技的提高直接导致需雇佣的人减少，紧接着进一步指出正是机器替代人工劳动力造成高失业率。
然后提出公司员工要想在这种情况下赢得高薪工作，与以往相比，员工不能甘于平庸，而要有所特殊贡献。
一方面新技术导致越来越多的工作岗位被取缔，另一方面新技术也创造了许多新的工作机会、新的产品和新的服务，这样的变化要求更多的人受教育，以满足这些工作的需求。
最后，作者提出政府应该提出解决如何让美国更多人能够受到高等教育的问题。
除25题为主旨题外，其余均为细节题。
考生在做题过程中要注意根据段落指示，具体定位到该段仔细查找，答案不难找到。
这里提醒考生的是细节题建议一定先读题干和选项，后确定答案出自原文，不可有主观意识。
另外，21题稍微需要考生将第一段和第二段首句两者相互对照进行归纳阅读，得出结论。
Text 226. stay in a foreign temporarily27. should be adopted to meet challenges28. the freedom to stay and leave29. with legal tolerance30. legal or illegal: big mistake【点评】本篇文章节选自Washington Post《华盛顿邮报》，文章的标题为We see all immigrants as legal or illegal. Big mistake. 本文主要讲述当今人们需要改变关于移民分类的思考方式，突破合法和非法的严格限制。
本篇文章难度不大。
文章开篇用一个世纪前移民的状况引出当时移民的分类。
紧接着提出当今人们关于移民的分类过于狭隘，不能解决当代移民问题面临的挑战。
当代人多跟着机会走，来去自如。
他们可以在一个地方立业，在另一个地方成家。
因而，我们应该超越移民合法性方面的文化之争，重现看待中间地段，充分意识到当今的移民管理体系需要各种途径取得多样化的结果，从而解决现今法律手段很难解决的一些移民问题。
文章最后一句“包括在现行的移民体系中不容易合法实现的一些事情”也反映了文章的中心，即从合法和不合法角度对于移民的分类是错误的。
26和28题为细节题。
考生在做题的过程中要注意根据段落指示，具体定位到该段仔细查找，答案不难找到。
这里提醒考生的是细节题建议一定先读题干和选项，后确定答案出自原文，不可有主观意识。
27和29题为推理判断题。
考生在做题过程中要注意理解相关段落的意思，细心推敲。
30题为主旨大意题。
主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，但只要在理解文章内容的基础上仔细对比四个选项之间的差异，定能选出正确答案。
Text 331. predetermine the accuracy of our judgment.32. can be associative33. think before we act34. adequate information35. optimistic【点评】本文主要围绕着快速反应这一话题展开。
作者在第一段提出：如果我们在作出反应之前花点时间思考，那么将会减少甚至消除快速反应会带来的负面影响。
在后面，作者分别谈了快速反应与处理人际关系的关系；接着，作者就人们对快餐商标的反应一例提出，让人做出仓促决定的刺激因素不仅先于人际关系。
在文章的后半部分，作者就如何逆转仓促决定带来的负面影响做了阐述。
作者在最后提出：尽管技术可能改变我们反应的方式，但它并没有改变我们人类的本性，我们仍然有能力去克服这种趋势。
Text 436. men have the final say37.a reflection of gender balance38. get top business positions39. approval40. suitable public policies【点评】本篇文章节选自The New Dawn的一篇文章，主要讲述的是目前欧洲存在的性别不平等，比如女性在欧洲公司董事会仅占了14%的席位，男性掌握了主要话语权。
欧洲国家也曾尝试考虑立法来迫使公司董事增加女性的比例，但这一举措并未得到大力支持。
欧洲委员会的副总裁Viviane Reding无奈的表示：“就个人来说，我也并不喜欢通过强制的手段来进行比例调整。
但它能推动事情的进展。
文章作者也对此表示赞同。
最后，作者表示：如果有合理的政策来帮助所有的女性，那么对于某位女性成为公司高管这样的事情也就不会成为一条大新闻了。
Part B41．F Planning is everything42．E Stick to what you need43．G Waste not, want not44．C Shopkeepers are your friends45．D Remember to treat yourself【点评】2013考研英语二阅读PartB部分（即通常我们说的“新题型”）考察了给段落选标题。
题目文章节选自英国报刊The Observer（观察家）2012年7月的一篇文章，原文标题为How to eat well on a tight budget.文章第一段说the Skint Foodie博客记述了Tony如何在经济状况不佳的情况下保证饮食。
之后具体描述了Tony的境遇。
接下来的五段列举了Tony给出的建议。
我们要选择的小标题就是对这五段建议的概括。
做这类题目，我们首先需要注意这个段落是否有明显的概括句，即段落主旨句，比如，第41题所在的段落，段落首句即是主旨句“Impulsive spending isn’t an option, so plan your work’s menu in advance...”，其余句子是对它的具体论述。
其次，要注意段落中有没有转折词汇或者隐形转折，段落的重心往往出现在转折词汇之后，比如43、44、45题所在的段落。
对于没有明显主题句的段落，我们需要通过段中每一个描述细节的句子进行概括，比如42题。
我们需要选出的这些小标题就是原文中原本的标题，没有做任何修改。
所以，大家在复习备考时需要多多关注这些原版期刊。
Section III Translation46. 参考译文从过去的53年中，任意选出一天，我就能立即想起那天我去过哪儿，当天有什么新闻，甚至这一天是这周的第几天。
从四岁起，我就有了这种能力。
我从未被脑海中容纳的海量信息湮没。
我的头脑似乎能够很好的处理这些信息，然后把这些信息存储得井井有条。
当我想起悲伤的回忆，我和其他人的做法一样-试图把它搁在一旁。
我并没有因为我比别人记得更清楚，就更难把悲伤的过往搁在一边。
强大的记忆能力并没有使我在情感上比他人体验得更敏锐深刻、更生动丰富。
我能回忆起祖父去世的那天，以及他去世前一天我们去医院看望他时的悲伤；我也能回忆起同一天在百老汇上映的音乐剧-这些回忆都以同样的方式突然涌入我的脑海中。
【点评】2013考研英语（二）翻译来源于卫报的一篇的文章Experience: I remember every day of my life。
文章讲述了作者具有超强的记忆力，因此能记得每一天的每一个细节。
从难度而言，与往年持平。
在翻译过程中，考生应注意首先理顺上下文的连贯性，而不是逐字逐句地去译。
同时注意对一些细节的处理，不能依赖字面意思，而要采用意译。
另外，本文是一篇记叙文，因此翻译过程中注意时间的先后顺序。
比如，文中多次出现的the day，在不同的句子中，译文则稍有不同。
Section IV WritingPart A47. 参考范文：Dear classmates,I am writing to inform you that our class is going to hold a charity sale in order to help those orphans in the welfare house near our university.Any books, clothes and toys that are not needed any more can be donated andsold into cash. All the money will be used to buy Spring Festival presents for the kids. The charity sale will be held in the auditorium of our college from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. on January 10th. All the classmates of our class are encouraged to take part in the activity and you could also call on your friends to participate.Your participation is the best gift for the kids who need help.Yours sincerely,Li Ming【点评】2013年考研英语（二）应用文（小作文）仍然考察信函，要求给同学写信告知他们，为了帮助有需要的孩子，班里要举办慈善义卖活动，并号召他们积极参加。