which引导的定语从句
which的用法及短语和搭配
which的用法及短语和搭配一、 which的基本用法which是英语中常用的关系代词，用于引导定语从句，通常用来表示选择或确定一个特定的事物。
1. 引导非限制性定语从句当which引导非限制性定语从句时，其前面往往有逗号隔开，“which”指代前面整个主句中的某个名词或名词短语。
例如：- The Internet, which has revolutionized the way people communicate, is widely used nowadays.（互联网已经彻底改变了人们交流的方式，现在被广泛使用。
）- My sister loves hiking in the mountains, which is both challenging and rewarding.（我姐姐喜欢在山上徒步旅行，这既具有挑战性也有回报。
）2. 引导限制性定语从句当which引导限制性定语从句时，表示对先行词进行选择或确定，并且该从句对先行词有必要进行修饰。
例如：- The book which you borrowed from the library must be returned by tomorrow.（你从图书馆借来的书必须明天归还。
）- I have a friend who speaks three languages fluently, one of which is French.（我有个朋友能说三种语言，其中之一就是法语。
）3. 引导选择疑问句当“which”作为关系代词出现在选择疑问句中时，询问的是事物的几个可选项中的哪一个。
例如：- Which shirt do you prefer, the black one or the white one?（你更喜欢哪件衬衫，黑色的还是白色的？）- Which city did you visit last summer, Beijing or Shanghai?（去年夏天你访问了哪个城市，北京还是上海？）二、 which常见短语和搭配1. of which用来表示一个整体中部分事物的特征或属性。
which引导的定语从句
which引导的定语从句which引导的定语从句which在句子中用来作为修饰事物的先行词，通常在which引导的定语从句中可见。
一般情况下，which多用来引导非限制性定语从句，主语，宾语，表语，句子等多为which在定语从句中充当的部分，下面店铺为大家带来的which引导的定语从句！which引导的定语从句which可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。
例如：He was reading a book，which was about war. 他正在读一本关于战争的书。
（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当主语。
）He was reading a book， which he had bought from London. 他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。
（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当宾语。
）which引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解），which仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
例如：He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。
把非限定性定语从句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行词视为主句中的“the birds”显然不符合整句的语境，被“which was a celebration for his success”所修饰的是整个主句，which所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明，which常可译为“这一点，这件事”。
［考题1］ You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre， ____ is always busy at the weekend. （2006上海春）A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which［答案］ D［解析］引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰the shopping centre，应选用D选项中的关系代词which，which在该定语从句中充当主语。
which引导的定语从句详解
which引导的定语从句详解which引导的定语从句详解定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。
定语从句是定语的一种，特殊之处在于采用了从句的形式，位于被修饰的名词或代词之后，往往拖得比较长，惹人心烦。
以下是店铺精心为大家整理的有关which引导的定语从句详解，希望对大家有所帮助，欢迎阅读。
定语从句详解定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。
定语从句是定语的一种，特殊之处在于采用了从句的形式，位于被修饰的名词或代词之后，往往拖得比较长，惹人心烦。
拖得再长，定语从句也是定语，是用来修饰某名词或代词的，地位谈不上有多高。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词就是所谓的先行词，先行词要先行，位于定语从句之前。
定语从句既然是从句，就是一个句子，一定要有句子主干，也就是说，一定要有谓语动词。
有的选项定语从句中没有谓语动词，动作由非谓语动词表示，就是错的。
定语从句既然是从句，就是从属于主句的，一定要由关系代词或关系副词引导，把自身的谓语动词独立性取消，保证主句谓语动词地位不动摇。
有的选项定语从句没有关系代词或关系副词，直接上谓语动词，也是错的。
which是定语从句的关系代词之一。
GMAT语法考试限定，which 有且仅有两种用法。
一，which前面有逗号，逗号前面是个名词，which就近指代那个名词。
(1) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which did not cheer Pea up.which就近指代photos，定语从句中谓语动词did not cheer (Pea up)的发出者即从句主语即先行词photos，是photos没让豌豆家属高兴起来。
(2) Tankfield emailed Pea some photos, which Pea did notfind interesting.which就近指代photos，photos是定语从句中的.宾语，把定语从句还原成一个完整句就是Pea did not find the photos interesting.可以看到，上面两个句子都可以以that为关系代词改写，即(1)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that did not cheer Pea up.(2)’ Tankfield emailed Pea some photos that Pea did not find interesting.改写与原版区别在哪儿？就在一个逗号。
which 在定语从句中的用法
which在定语从句中的用法xxxx关系代词which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
下面就进行归纳总结：1.引导限制性定语从句A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party.这是要搬进城里的一家。
2.引导非限制性定语从句。
（1）用来指代一个句子。
因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。
（2）用来指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
（3）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which前要加and.He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to hisfriend.他买了本xx写的书，他决定送给朋友。
3.名词＋of＋which（＝ofwhich＋名词＝whose+名词）通常放在先行词的后面。
I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room ofwhich the window looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out overthe sea.我要一间窗户面临xx的房间。
4.介词＋which的替代作用。
（1）作时间状语替代when。
There used to be a time at which / during which（= when）the Chinese peoplestruggled for freedom.xx人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。
which 在定语从句中的用法
which 在定语从句中的用法关系代词which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
下面就进行归纳总结：1. 引导限制性定语从句A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party.这是要搬进城里的一家。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句。
（1 ）用来指代一个句子。
Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen.因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。
（2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
（3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which 前要加and.He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend.他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。
3. 名词＋of ＋which （＝of which ＋名词＝whose + 名词）通常放在先行词的后面。
I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。
which在非限制性定语从句的用法
非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都需要用逗号隔开。
which引导的非限制性定语从句。
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
① which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。
如：These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
She is an artist，which I am not.她是一位艺术家，而我不是。
Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。
② which指代主句中的形容词。
如：She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
She is always careless，which we should not be.她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。
③ which指代主句中的某个从句。
如：He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
定语从句that和which以及who的用法实用
定语从句that和which以及who的用法实用定语从句是修饰名词的从句，常用的引导词有that、which和who。
它们的用法如下：1. that引导的定语从句：-用于修饰人或物，在从句中既可以作主语也可以作宾语。
-可用于限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
-通常不用逗号与主句隔开。
限定性定语从句的例子：- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.- I have a friend that can speak five languages.非限定性定语从句的例子：- My brother, that lives in New York, is a lawyer.2. which引导的定语从句：-只用于修饰物，不能修饰人。
-通常用于非限定性定语从句。
-用逗号与主句隔开。
非限定性定语从句的例子：- I bought a new car, which is very fast.3. who引导的定语从句：-只用于修饰人。
-可用于限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
-通常不用逗号与主句隔开，但在非限定性定语从句中使用逗号。
限定性定语从句的例子：- The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.- We need to find a person who can speak French.非限定性定语从句的例子：- The CEO, who was born in Australia, speaks fluent Mandarin.。
which 在定语从句中的用法
which 在定语从句中的用法江苏朱姝关系代词 which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
下面就进行归纳总结：1. 引导限制性定语从句A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party.这是要搬进城里的一家。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句。
（ 1 ）用来指代一个句子。
Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen.因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。
（ 2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
（ 3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个 which 前要加 and.He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend.他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。
3. 名词＋ of ＋ which （＝ of which ＋名词＝ whose + 名词）通常放在先行词的后面。
I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。
定语从句的which的用法
定语从句的which的用法在英语中，定语从句是一种用来修饰名词或代词的句子。
它通常由关系代词引导，其中之一就是which。
在本文中，我们将探讨which作为关系代词时的用法。
一、which作为定义性定语从句的引导词1.1、先行词是事物或非人物主体当先行词是事物或非人物主体时，which可以引导一个定义性定语从句。
这种定语从句对于理解主句意思至关重要，去掉它会使原句丧失明确性。
例如：- I bought a new car, which is very expensive.（我买了一辆新车，很贵。
）这里的which引导了一个修饰先行词car的定语从句"which is very expensive"。
1.2、指示前面提到的所有内容有时候，which也可以表示指示前面提到的所有内容，而不仅仅是先行词本身。
例如：- She showed me all her photos, which were taken during her vacation in Hawaii. (她给我看了她所有在夏威夷度假期间拍摄的照片。
)这里的which引导了修饰先行词photos的定语从句"which were taken during her vacation in Hawaii"。
二、which作为非限制性定语从句的引导词2.1、用来提供额外的信息当which引导的定语从句是非限制性定语从句时，它提供的信息只是增加了对先行词的陈述，而不是对先行词进行限制或区分。
这种定语从句通常被逗号括起来。
例如：- The weather was terrible, which ruined our plans for a picnic. (天气太糟糕了，搞砸了我们的野餐计划。
)这里的which引导了修饰先行词weather的定语从句"which ruined our plans for a picnic"。
which 在定语从句中的用法
which在定语从句中的用法江苏朱姝关系代词which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
下面就进行归纳总结：1.引导限制性定语从句A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party.这是要搬进城里的一家。
2.引导非限制性定语从句。
（1）用来指代一个句子。
因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。
（2）用来指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
（3）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which前要加and.He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to hisfriend.他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。
3.名词＋of＋which（＝ofwhich＋名词＝whose+名词）通常放在先行词的后面。
I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room ofwhich the window looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out overthe sea.我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。
4.介词＋which的替代作用。
（1）作时间状语替代when。
There used to be a time at which / during which（= when）the Chinese peoplestruggled for freedom.中国人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。
which 在定语从句中的用法
which 在定语从句中的用法江苏朱姝关系代词 which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
下面就进行归纳总结：1. 引导限制性定语从句A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.商店应存有最畅销的货物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party.这是要搬进城里的一家。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句。
（ 1 ）用来指代一个句子。
Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen.因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。
（ 2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
（ 3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个 which 前要加 and.He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend.他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。
3. 名词＋ of ＋ which （＝ of which ＋名词＝ whose + 名词）通常放在先行词的后面。
I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room of which the window looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。
which在定语从句中的用法
1.首先关系代词which在定语从句指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
1. 1. 引导限制性定语从句E.g: A shop should keep a stock of those goods wh ich sell best. 商店应存有最畅销的货物。
1.2. 引导非限制性定语从句。
（ 1 ）用来指代一个句子。
E.g:Internet is so interesting, which makes all poss ible happen. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。
（ 2 ）用来指代句子的一部分。
E.g:When deep in thought, which he often was, he w ould forget all around him.他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
（ 3 ）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which 前要加and.E.g:He bought a book, which was written by Lu Xun, and which he decided to give to his friend.他买了本鲁迅写的书，他决定送给朋友。
2.which和that在定语从句中的区别2.1使用that的情况：1）当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。
E.g: Do you have anything that is important to tell me?2）当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等修饰时。
E.g: I have some books that are very good.3）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。
E.g:This is the first book that I bought myself.The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.4）主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时E.g: Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting.5)当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时,无论先行词是人还是物.E.g:China is no longer the country that she was.6）如有两个定语从句,其中一个已用which引导,另一个宜用that .E.g:Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.7）在there be句型中,只用that.E.g：He asked for the latest book (that) there is on the subject.8)当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only 等词修饰时。
which、who和whose引导的定语从句,练习和答案,句子翻译
which、who引导的定语从句一、which引导的定语从句which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。
例如：The building which / that stands near the river is our school. (先行词在从句中作主语)The house (which / that) we live in is not large. (先行词在从句中作live in宾语)= The house where we live is not large. (先行词在从句中作live的状语)= The house in which we live is not large.(先行词在从句中作live的宾语，介词后面的which不能省略)小试牛刀：The school is very beautiful. I study in the school.This is the watch. He was looking for a watch.【2012•河南】Tony, tell me the result of the discussion_____ you had with your dad yesterday.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. who【2013•湖北】The place _______interested me most was the Children’s Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which【2013•浙江】This is the hotel _______last month.A. at which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. that they stayed二、who、whom引导的定语从句1、who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。
定语从句用which的八种情况
定语从句用which的八种情况1.引导非限制性定语从句：Which is a non-restrictive clause, is used when the additional information provided in the clause is not essential in identifying the noun. For example: My favorite book, which I read three times, is a classic. 。
2.用来引导表语从句：3.引导一个表示时间、原因、地点、条件、方式等的定语从句：Which is often used to introduce a clause of time, reason, place, condition, or manner. For example: I will remember this day forever, which was the day I passed my final exams.4.用于引导主语从句：Which is used to introduce the subject of a sentence. This is often done when the subject is a question or clause. For example: Who will be the winner of the contest, which is still a mystery? 。
5.引导宾语从句：Which is used to introduce an object clause which contains information about an object of the sentence. For example: I heard the news, which surprised me. 。
由Which引导的定语从句
由Which引导的定语从句2.由which引导的定语从句1）which在从句中作主语、谓语动词或介词的宾语。
例如：The building which stands near the river is our school.(作主语）This is the book which you want.（作宾语）The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(作介词宾语）2）引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which,不用that。
例如：I have lost my pen,which I like very much.（关系代词which作宾语，代表主语中的pen）New Concept English is intended for foreign students,which is known to all of us.(关系代词which作主语，代表整个主句）She was awarded a gold medal,which the whole family considered a great honour. (关系代词which作宾语，代表整个主句）3）of which 的用法of which 是which 的所有格形式，就像 whose 是 who 的所有格形式一样，在从句中作主语时，有以下两种结构：Do you see the house,the windows of which(of which the windows)are all broken?说明：“名词+ of which”的形式常用于非限制性定语从句中。
of which 所修饰的名词前应带定冠词。
4）in which case 等的用法有时，用抽象名词（case,point,reason,situation,time等）来总结主句的内容时，可以用“介词+which+抽象名词”构成从句。
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which在定语从句中的用法
关系代词which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语，既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性定语从句。
下面就进行归纳总结：
1.引导限制性定语从句
A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.
商店应存有最畅销的货物。
This is the family which is planning to move to the party.
这是要搬进城里的一家。
2.引导非限制性定语从句。
（1）用来指代一个句子。
因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。
（2）用来指代句子的一部分。
When deep in thought, which he often was, he would forget all around him.
他常常陷入沉思，这时他就会忘掉周围的一切。
（3）如果要引导两个非限制性定语从句，第二个which前要加and.
He bought a book, which was written by LuXun, and which he decided to give to his friend.
他买了本xx写的书，他决定送给朋友。
3.名词＋of＋which（＝ofwhich＋名词＝whose +名词）通常放在先行词的后面。
I'd like a room the window of which looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room of which thewindow looks out over the sea. / I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我要一间窗户面临大海的房间。
4.介词＋which的替代作用。
（1）作时间状语替代when。
There used to be a time at which / during which（= when）the Chinese people struggled forfreedom.
xx人曾有一段为自由而斗争的日子。
（2）作地点状语替代where。
This is the office in which（= where）I used to work.
这是我过去工作过的办公室。
（3）作原因状语替代why。
I'd like you to explain the reason for which（＝why）you were absent.
我想让你解释一下缺席的原因。
（4）作方式状语替代that或省略。
There are many ways in which（＝that /省略）we can solve the problem.
解决这个问题有很多方法。
5. which, when, where关系词的选择。
关系副词when与where用于引导定语从句时，往往修饰句中表示地点或时间的名词。
但是，有时候在表示时间或地点的名词后面却不能用when或where，而该用which或that。
Is this the factory which / that produces all kinds of washing machines?（which / that在定语从句中作主语，指代前面的the factory）这就是生产各种洗衣机的那家工厂吗？I often think of the days which / that we spent together on the seaside.（which / that在定语从句中作宾语，指代the days，此时可省略。
）我
经常想起我们一起在海滩度过的日子。
The river where I used to swim is now seriously polluted.
（where在定语从句中作状语，where = in which = in the river）我过去常去游泳的那条河现在已被严重地污染了。
I still rember the day when I first came to Beijing.
（when在定语从句中作状语，when = on which = on the day）我仍然记得我第一次来北京的日子。
总结：
在表示时间或地点的名词后面，选择何种关系词，应看它们在从句中的作用，即在从句中充当什么成份。
如果在定语从句中充当时间或地点状语，就该用when或where；如果在定语从句中充当主语或宾语等，则应用which / that。
6.引导非限制性定语从句关系代词which, as的选择。
关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句时可以用整个句子作为先行词，指代上文或下文所说的一件事。
He said he'd been working in the office for an hour, which / as was true.
他说他一直在办公室工作了一个小时，这是真的。
总结：
（1）Which指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这件事，这一点”等；as 具有“正如、像、由……而知、与……一致”的意思。
He was elected mayor of the city, which made us happy.
他被选为这个市的市长，这使我们很高兴。
As we expected, he didn't appear at the party.
正如我们所预料，他没有在聚会上出现。
（2）Which在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系；句法上，as常作一些实义动词（如see, know, report, watch, rember,say, tell, show, expert, guess等）的宾语。
I bought my sister a big toy, which（= and that）delighted her greatly.
我给妹妹买了一个大玩具，这使她非常高兴。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
众所周知，月球每个月环绕地球运行一次。
（3）which引导的非限定性定语从句位置比较固定，通常位于句末，不可移至句首；而as所引导的非限定性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以位于句末，也可以位于句首或句中。
Taiwan is a beautiful island, as（＝which）we know.
正如我们所知，xx是一个xx的岛屿。
As（不用Which）he realized, I was very useful to him.
他意识到我对他很有用。
Mary, as we had expected, passed the exam.
正如我们所预料，Mary通过了考试。
（4）当从句的谓语动词是否定形式或从句谓语动词接了一个复合宾语结构时，一般用which而不用as。
He pretended not to know me, which I didn't understand.
他假装不认识我，我真不xx为什么。
He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite strange.
他羡慕班里的每个学生，我觉得很奇怪。
（5）不能省去非限定性定语从句中的be动词时，用which（反之则用as）。
Jane told me she won the match, which was a lie.
简告诉我她赢得了比赛，这是谎话。
（was不可省略）
As (was)planned, we met at the airport.
正如计划那样，我们在飞机场见面了。
（was可省略）。