专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句

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翻译英文长难句的分析方法

长难句是指语法复杂且信息量较大的句子。

英文翻译中经常会遇到长难句，翻译起来会比较困难，以下是详细说明的英文翻译长难句方法和例子：1.确定主语和谓语：先将长句中的主语和谓语确定下来，帮助理解句子的基本语法结构。

例子：英文：The conference that was held last week to promote the new product was a success. 翻译成中文：上周举办的推广新产品的会议取得了成功。

2.寻找句子中的包含性信息：寻找句子中并列或与主句相关的从句，以获得更多的信息。

例子：英文：The theme of this year's conference, which is being held in Paris, is innovation in technology and design. 翻译成中文：今年在巴黎举办的会议的主题是技术和设计创新。

3.理解从句中的关系：获得复合句和从句之间关系的基础知识，例如因果、条件、同意和对比等。

例子：英文：As the weather got colder this winter, I started wearing multiple layers of clothing to keep warm. 翻译成中文：随着这个冬天天气越来越冷，我开始穿多层衣服保暖。

4.研究并理解上下文：将长句放入文章或段落的上下文中，以便更好地理解句子的含义和目的。

例子：英文：Despite the difficulties we faced last year, we achieved record sales and profits in several key markets. 翻译成中文：尽管去年我们面临重重困难，但我们在几个关键市场实现了创纪录的销售和利润。

5.长句分解成短句：允许句子中的字母、组成单词和整个单词来表示一个概念，从而更容易阅读和翻译句子。

英语长难句分析100句

英语长难句分析100句在MBA联考英语试卷中，阅读理解和翻译共有60分，占到了全卷分数的半壁江山以上。

毫不夸张地说，把这两部分做好，在英语考试中取得理想的成绩便不再是奢望。

那么怎么样才能做好这一部分的试题呢？关键要通过大量的练习，增强阅读英文句子、尤其是其中长难句的能力。

长难句一般是指结构复杂难以理解的句子，也有一些其实结构并不复杂，但因为句子很长也很容易让人困惑。

长难句出现不多，但是常常大大增加我们理解的难度，成为我们获取高分的“拦路虎”。

下面就近年试题中阅读理解和翻译中出现的长难句都列出来，分析它们的结构，指出其中的考查难点，并对如何恰当翻译它们给出建议，希望广大同学能从中得到一些启发。

1. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.[句子主干]Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased …shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…[语法难点]本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。

（全）考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结

（全）考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结真题实战His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.结构分析这个句⼦是⼀个复合句，主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。

其后who must accept the obligation 是⼀个定语从句。

obligation 后⾯的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible，这段状语的位置有点乱放，⽤改放到句末去，也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。

词汇释义function n. 作⽤，职责analogous a. 相似的，类似的judge n. 法官，裁判员obligation n. 义务，责任reveal v. 揭露，显露拆分翻译His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /他的职责与法官相似who must accept the obligation / /必须承担这样的责任of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /以⼀种尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰推理的过程which led him to his decision.导致他做出决定参考译⽂他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：⽤尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰⾃⼰做出决定的推理过程。

专八英语阅读长难句分析

专八英语阅读长难句分析专八英语阅读长难句分析精选引导语：应届毕业生培训网为大家整理英语专业八级考试阅读长难句分析精选，希望能对大家有所帮助。

1. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. (1994. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】尽管一些男人喜欢孩子且有大量与孩子相处的经验，但是很多父亲不会对孩子表示特别的关心，也很少与孩子相处。

【析句】本句的主干由主句和although引导的让步状语从句构成，主句others do not particlularly care for……and spend……, although引导的让步状语从句中，主句there are some men,who lie children and may have……为定语从句修饰some men。

2. It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role. (1994. 阅读. Text 2)【译文】一些作家认为，尽管男人成为父亲这一角色的转变十分困难，却比不上妻子变成母亲的角色转变大。

【析句】主句It is argued by……that,it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主句从句，也是本复合句的重点。

主句从句中，主句为the transition to the father's role is not as great as the transition……,运用了as……as……的否定形式。

长难句结构分析最新经典100句（4）

61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.[参考译⽂]但是，对⼀个⼩部分学⽣来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。

因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到⼯作与否的关键。

62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clonehumans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no onehad proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by PrincetonPresident Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.[参考译⽂]他宣布⾃⼰反对使⽤这种⾮同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆⼈类，并下令．不准联邦政府基⾦⽤于做此类试验--尽管还没有⼈建议这么做--他还请⼀个以普林斯顿⼤学校长哈罗得·夏⽪罗为⾸的独⽴的专家组在90天内向⽩宫汇报关于制定有关克隆⼈的国家政策的建议。

63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had founda broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".参考译⽂]在5⽉17⽇的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序⾔草案中，夏⽪罗提出，专家组已经达成⼴泛共识，那就是"试图通过成⼈细胞核克隆来制造⼈类幼⼉的做法在道德上是不可接受的"。

大学英语专业八级翻译句型整理

大学英语专业八级翻译句型整理大学英语专业八级翻译句型整理Every noble work is at first impossible.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的大学英语专业八级翻译句型整理，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. 犹豫不定be of two minds我打算买辆汽车，可心里一直犹豫不定，不知道买那个牌子的好。

I‟m thinking of buying a car, but I‟m still of two minds .I can hardly decide as to which brand I should take.2.心事重重 some thing weighs heavily on one‟s mind 老板这几天沉默寡言，看起来好像是心事重重的The boss is quite down these days. He seems to have something weighing heavily on his mind.3.埋头苦干 keep one‟s nose to the grindstone 这年头，只会埋头苦干的人是挣不了大钱的These years those who‟re keeping their nose to the grindstone can‟t make bundles.4.心凉了半截 cool one‟s ardor莉莉深深爱上了公司的老板并打算嫁给他，但是当她听说他玩弄过几个女孩子之后，她的心都凉了半截。

Lily was head over heels in love with their company‟s boss and was thinking of marrying him, but the news that he had taken several girls for a ride cooled her ardor.5.使人大为激动make one‟s spine tingle 小李答应与他结婚使他大为激动XiaoLi‟s promise to marry him made his spine tingle.6.怀恨在心 bear somebody a grudge 千万别得罪他，他会对你怀恨在心的Take care not to offend him, or he‟ll bear you a grudge.7.感到四肢无力 feel wobbly and rough.8.受冷落feel left out在这样的场合上，谁愿意受到冷落那?Who would like to feel left out at such a function?9.不容易 no cinch.我是挣了钱，但这钱挣得太不容易了I know I‟ve made some money, but it was no cinch to get it.10.为难 be in a pickle我真的很为难，我本应该给他买件皮衣，可我没有那么多的钱I‟m really in a pickle. I‟m supposed to buy him a fur coat, but I don‟t have enough money for such an item.(pickle作“困境”解)11.苦苦哀求 press one‟s suit 她苦苦哀求丈夫再给她一次机会She pressed her suit and asked her husband to give her another chance. (苦苦哀求：press one‟s suit. suit 指“乞求或恳求”)12. 闲得无聊twiddle one‟s thumbs这些娘们儿都闲得无聊,不是坐在那里说长道短，就是三五成群的.谈论别人家的“丑闻”These “old girls”network are twiddling their thumbs , sitting there either gossiping or forming into groups talking about other families‟“skeletons”13.推卸责任 pass the buck当老板问起是谁把消息说出去的时候，他们两个人相互推卸责任。

专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句

专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句英译汉——长难句子结构分析经典50句子1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

英语长难句分析100句[整理]

1.Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future —more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States.在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。

2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration，because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。

3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits：it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaperand more environmentally friendly fertilizers.转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。

英语长难句精解100句经典

英语长难句精解100句经典英语学习的道路上，长难句就像一座座高峰，让人望而生畏。

可要是掌握了这100句经典的长难句精解，那就仿佛是手握登山的绳索，能一步步向着英语的高峰攀登。

我有个朋友叫小李，他呀，一看到英语长难句就头大。

有一次，他拿着一个句子来找我，那句子长得就像一条蜿蜒无尽的长蛇。

“I, who have been living in this bustling city for years, find it extremely difficult to adapt to the tranquil rural life all of a sudden, especially when considering the huge differences in living environment, pace of life and social interactions between the two.”（我在这个繁华的城市生活了多年，突然发现很难适应宁静的乡村生活，特别是考虑到两者在生活环境、生活节奏和社会交往方面的巨大差异。

）小李皱着眉头说：“这都是啥呀，我都晕了。

”我笑着跟他说：“你看啊，这个‘wh o have been living in this bustling city for years’是个定语从句，用来修饰‘I’的，就像给‘我’这个主角加了个详细的身份描述。

”小李似懂非懂地点点头。

这100句经典长难句里啊，很多句子都像这个一样。

比如说“Not only does he have excellent academic performance, but also he is very good at various sports, which makes him a popular figureamong his classmates.”（他不仅学业成绩优异，而且擅长各种体育运动，这使他在同学中很受欢迎。

英语翻译中的长难句结构分析（3）

76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and itssignsnow than formerly. Summer homes,European travel, BMWs--the locations, placenames and name brands may change, butsuch items do not seem less in demandtoday than a decade or two years ago.[参考译⽂]当然，⼈们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。

消夏别墅、欧陆旅⾏、宝马车--地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被⼈渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于⼀⼆⼗年前。

77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which nowmorethan ever seem in ample supply: thecritic of American materialism with aSouthampton summer home; the publisherof radical books who takes his meals inthree-star restaurants; the journalistadvocating participatory democracy inall phases of life, whose own childrenare enrolled in private schools.[参考译⽂]相反，我们被款待看到这样⼀些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎⽐以前的任何时候都更供应充⾜：美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑⼭庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三餐厅享⽤⼀⽇三餐；倡导在⼈⽣各个阶段的参与民主制的记者，他的⼦⼥却就读于私⽴学校。

备考英语专八需知的长难句等翻译技巧

长难句，一直是各种考试的宠儿。

当我们遇到长难句，总是觉得怎么这么难，该怎么翻译？下面我们就给大家介绍一些翻译长难句的方法，多看看，总会有习惯自己的一种翻译方式。

（1）顺序法如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序以及名词性从句与汉语句子基本相似，则可按原文顺序译。

Presi dent George Bu sh has rejecte d the treaty, calli ng it unfair in allowing de veloping countr ies –such as China, I ndia and Brazi l—to carry on emitt ing greenhouse gases unabate d while rich count ries must cut theirs.(布什总统已拒绝签署该条约，称该条约不公平，因为它允许诸如中国、印度和巴西等发展中国家继续不受限制地排放温室气体，而发达国家却必须减少它们的排放量。

)（2）逆序法“Nei ther believe nor reject anyth ing, because any other person has re jected or beli eved it …”（“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信或拒绝它……”）Yeste rday, Iraqis got a glim pse o f what lif e witho ut Sadda m Hussein may hold, as prote sts andpolit icking marked the first day of meetings to decid e the country’s fate.(昨天是伊拉克召开决定国家命运的会议的第一天，各种抗议和其它政治活动令人瞩目，让伊拉克人初次瞥见了没有萨达姆的生活会是什么样子。

)（3）分译法我们可以在翻译中将英语长句中一连串后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，将短语或从句分拆译为短句。

考研英语长难句翻译经典一百句

考研英语长难句翻译：经典一百句1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those g oods and services that they want most.[参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of bu sinessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine wha t shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.[参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the prod uct.[参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。

专八长句翻译技巧解析

倒译法例句【】倒译法例句【2】
①There is no agreement ②whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 解析：原文中①是表态，②是事实，汉语译文则要逆序解析：原文中①是表态，是事实，翻译。翻译。译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中特有的概念，译文：②所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中特有的概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，① 人们对此意见不一。人们对此意见不一。
判断英语句子间的逻辑关系
英译汉时, 英译汉时, 正确的逻辑判断可以帮助理解英语原文语气中所包含的错综复杂的逻辑关系, 包括因果、转折、让步、的逻辑关系, 包括因果、转折、让步、条件、目的、对比、并列、时间先后、条件、目的、对比、并列、时间先后、假设等; 假设等;
举例说明【】举例说明【1】
• 译文：他相信正是这个困难具有一个补偿性优译文：：（即迫使他长时间专注地思考每一句，点：（即）迫使他长时间专注地思考每一句，因而促使他发现推理及他本人观察上的错误促使他发现推理及他本人观察上的错误。因而促使他发现推理及他本人观察上的错误。
顺译法例子【】顺译法例子【2】
• Television keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 分析：该句谓语部分由三个句子并列而成，其中第三分析：该句谓语部分由三个句子并列而成，引导的定语从句修饰。个谓语由一个 which 引导的定语从句修饰。原句是按逻辑顺序来叙述，和汉语的表达方式相吻合，按逻辑顺序来叙述，和汉语的表达方式相吻合，汉译时按原序译出即可。时按原序译出即可。译文：电视使人了解时事，译文：电视使人了解时事，熟悉科学政治领域的最新发展，并能源源不断地为观众提供各种有教育意义又有趣的节目。有趣的节目。

长难句结构分析经典200句翻译

★阅读难点关键句200句（英文）★1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a localdelivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect （智能）and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth’s postwar er a, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. The first time that the question “ What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.21. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.22. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.23. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.24. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.25. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.26. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.27. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.28. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?29. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.30. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.31. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.32. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.33. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have out grown thejumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.34. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.35. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.36. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.37. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.38. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.39. Although signs of dishonesty in school , business and government seem much more numerous in years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?40. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist.41. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “ racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.42. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining — the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.43. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on , is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.44. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.45. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types, however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.46. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulsesthat determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge , and there is some evidence for this view.47. The result of attrition is that, where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution, a bimodal distribution is produced, one peak composed mainly of fragmented pieces, the other of the larger remains.48. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable difference of opinion.49. A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer.50. Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.51. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “ union card” in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties.52. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.53. Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production (GNP) because it is not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be, and suggesting, on the other, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.54. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.55. The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residents instructing them in what to watch for their animals so that every household can join in helping to predict earthquakes.56. Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.57. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers, whose flights are within the Earth’s atmosphere, from hitting their targets.58. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.59. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present daynotion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to its parents, is yet considered emotionally “ priceless”.60. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, this n ew view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicted in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo.61. Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to re-enact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted.62. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And what were the effect of the new demand for luxuries?63. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.64. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.65. If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent) and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.66. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “ step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.67. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demand pressures on prices are to be avoided.68. However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income—namely ,the developing country partner.69. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.70. The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governing the conduct of prosecuting attorneys: as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to prejudice a party’s case through overzealous prosecution or to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.71. No prudent person dared to act on the assumption that, when the continent was settled, one government could include the whole; and when the vast expense broke up, as seemed inevitable, into a collection of separate nations, only discord, antagonism, and wars could be expected.72. If they were right in thinking that the next necessity in human progress was to lift the average person upon an intellectual and social level with the most favored, they stood at least three generations nearer than Europe to that goal.73. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did not at every moment violate the eternal fitness of things, the poet’s song would have been given to the world, and the poet would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood, as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes it.74. The instinctive sense of the dishonor which money-purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work, as Lord Byron did, for a while, from a noble pride, and as Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience.75. Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.76. Abraham Lincoln, who presided in his stone temple on August 28, 1963 above the children of the slaves he emancipated (解放), may have used just the right words to sum up the general reaction to the Negroes’ mas sive march on Washington.77. In the Warren Court era, voters asked the Court to pass on issues concerning the size and shape of electoral districts, partly out of desperation because no other branch of government offered relief, and partly out of hope that the Court would reexamine old decisions in this area as it had in others, looking at basic constitutional principles in the light of modern living conditions.78. Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable : in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental in producing the increase in its wealth.79. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other, nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial dis criminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect” and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.80. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to have more room for creative accident.81. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorical intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.82. When black poets are discussed separately as a group, for instance, the extent to which their work reflects the development of poetry in general should not be forgotten, or a distortion of literacy history may result.83. These differences include the bolder and more forthright speech of the latergeneration and its technical inventiveness.84. But black poets were not battling over old or new rather, one accomplished Black poet was ready to welcome another, whatever his or her style, for what mattered was racial pride.85. Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions and in every reversal he overthrew the “ system”, the “ machine”, the externally ordained belief, the conventional behaviour in favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.86. It was better covered by television and press than any event here since President Kennedy’s inauguration (就职) , and , since indifferent is almost as great a problem to the Negro as hostility, this was a plus.87. But do not the challenge and the excitement of the critical problem as such lie in that ambivalence of attitude which allows us to recognize the intelligence and even the splendor of Meredith’s work, while, at the same time, w e experience a lack of sympathy, a failure of any enthusiasm of response?88. In this respect she resembled one of her favourite contemporaries, Mary Brunton, who would rather have “ glided through the world unknown” than been suspected of literary airs—to be shunned, as literary women are, by the more pretending of their own sex, and abhorred, as literary women are, by the more pretending of the other!89. From those sounds which we hear on small or on coarse occasions, we do not easily receive strong impressions, or delightful images; and words to which we are nearly strangers, whenever they occur, draw that attention on themselves which they should transmit to things.90. To proceed thus is to set up a fivefold hypothesis that enables you to gather from the innumerable items cast up by the sea of experience upon the shores of your observation only the limited number of relevant data—relevant, that is, to one or more of the five factors of your hypothesis.91. As an author, I am naturally concerned that a surprisingly large percentage of the population of the United States is functionally illiterate; if they can’t read or cannot understand what they read, they won’t buy books, or this magazine.92. They do not know those parts of the doctrine which explain and justify the remainder ; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.93. Quite apart from the logistic problems, there existed a well-established tradition in Britain which refused to repatriate against their will people who found themselves in British hands and the nature of whose reception by their own government was, to say the least, dubious.94. An obsession with the exact privileges of a colonial legislature and the precise extent of Britain’s imperial power, the specifics of a state constitution and the absolute necessity of a federal one, all expressed this urge for a careful articulation as proof that the right relationship with external powers did indeed prevail.95. One encyclopaedia tells us that intelligence is related to the ability to learn, to the speed with which things are learned, to how well and how long ideas are remembered, to the ability to understand those ideas and use them in problem-solving, and to creativity.96. The event marked the end of an extended effort by William Barton Rogers, M.I.T. ‘s founder and first president, to create a new kind of educational institution relevant to the times and to the contrary’s need, where young men and women would be educated in the application as well as the acquisition of knowledge.97. Each departmental program consists, in part, of a grouping of subjects in the department’s areas of professio nal interest and, in part, of additional opportunities for students of their choice.98. Alternatively, a student may use elective time to prepare for advanced study in some professional field, such as medicine or law, for graduate study in some area in which M. I. T. gives no undergraduate degree, such as meteorology or psychology, or for advanced study in an interdisciplinary field, such as astrophysics, communication science, or energy.99. While the undergraduate curriculum for an open Bachelor of Science degree, as listed by a department, may have its own unique features, each program must be laid out in consultation with a departmental representative to assure that it is meaningful in structure and challenging in content.100. Where previously it had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects such as dams, roads and bridges, it began to switch to projects which directly improved the basic services of a country.101. Thus in addition to the chances of going away from the right path outlined above, the scientific investigator shares with the ordinary citizen the possibilities of falling into errors of reasoning in the ways we have just indicated, and many others as well.102. He made a hole and peering through, could see jewellery, and other objects stacked in piles in the shadows that extended beyond the beam of light penetrating the interior.103. Neither Ayat nor the Rassoul brothers noticed, however, that most of the pieces they were selling were of a type not previously seen in the marketplace—pieces whose existence had been suspected but which had not yet been discovered by archaeologists.104. “The biggest construction project of this century”, explained French President Francois Mitterand in January, 1986 as he and then British prime minister Margaret Thatcher jointly announced that the two countries would finally overcome ancient quarrels and prejudices and forge a link across the narrow Channel separating them.105. Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae(水藻) of a size that could be collected in a net(net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton(浮游植物群落) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.106. The converse observation, of the absence of grazers (食草动物)in areas of high phytoPlankton(浮游植物群落)concentration, led Hardy to propose his principle of animal exclusion , which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent(驱虫剂) that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration.107. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible at wave lengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorbsome of the longer-wavelength, infrared emission(红外辐射) radiated from the Earth,s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. 108. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism(超现实主义), does this technique provide a counter point to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?109. Roseenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results.110. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation (薛定谔的方程式)forthe hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole (磁性偶极子), and relatiristic effects, and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations( 量子场论方程式).111. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate( 强调) contradictions in social action, not gloss over or transcend them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature.112. The hydrologic(水文地质的) cycle, a major topic in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric water vapor, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation (降水(量)), thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration(散发).113. My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics.114. In the early 1950’s historians who studies preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite (精华) : the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates (要人) who had hitherto (迄今) usually filled history books.115. The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian(农民) discontent (不满) that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated (加速) by the closing of the internal frontier—that is , the depletion (枯竭) of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.116. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration of Saint-Beure’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and。

考研英语长难句经典200句解析

1．Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It‟s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”结构分析：本句的主干是elders used to say…。

直接引语中是主系表结构, 注意not…but 结构。

参考译文：出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说，“问题不是你在这个世界上想要什么，而是你能得到什么。

”2．You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.结构分析：这句话是and连接的两个并列句。

在第一个分句中，as是连词，引导比较状语从句，把a mental blueprint of a desire和a blueprint of a house相比较。

第二个分句中的主干结构是：each of us is…making blueprints…。

第二个分句中用一般进行时表示经常发生的事情。

这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。

参考译文：你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图，就象给房子画蓝图那样。

实际上，在日常生活中，我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。

3．While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.结构分析：and 连接两个并列句。

专八长难句翻译技巧

翻译论文英语中长难句的翻译——以专八翻译为例李姗（长江大学外国语学院英师11201班湖北434023）摘要：英语专业八级考试对考生的要求是能运用翻译的理论和技巧，将英美报刊上的文章以及文学原著等译成汉语，或者将我国报刊、杂志上的文章和一般的文学作品译成英语，速度为每小时250至300个英文单词。

要求忠实原意，语言流畅。

中国学生感到比较棘手的一个问题就是长难句的翻译。

其中主要的原因就是汉语的句子结构比较松散，有时一个句子里存在不少并列成分，但并没有连接词将其中的逻辑关系明显地表现出现。

而英语的句子结构比较严谨，各个句子成分之间的逻辑关系须明确体现。

两种语言在结构上的差异加大了翻译难度。

本文通过对专八真题的分析，结合翻译的理论与方法提出一些建议，希望给广大在翻译中遇到困难的人一些参考。

关键词：长难句翻译；专八真题；问题；解决办法；建议引言在英语的正式文体的句式中，有一个很重要的特征，那就是长难句的频繁使用，因此，对于复杂长难句的理解与翻译是阅读英语文章的显著特点之一，也是其难点所在。

因此，具备较好的剖析复杂长难句的能力，对于英语文章的理解至关重要。

复杂长句典型的特点是，生词多，语法结构复杂，语义向多层次发展。

多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长的句子中，使得句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成人们对起准确意义的理解困难，容易让人望而却步。

对于复杂长句，不管结构多么复杂多变，盘根错节，只要把握住句子结构的主脉络，抓住句子的关键词和关键信息，根据自己所掌握的各种语法知识及一些特殊句式构成规律，就可以理清头绪，找到思路。

这是长难句翻译的总体策略。

而在汉译英中，由于汉语的句子结构比较松散，有时一个句子里存在不少并列成分，但并没有连接词将其中的逻辑关系明显地表现出现。

而英语的句子结构比较严谨，各个句子成分之间的逻辑关系须明确体现。

两种语言在结构上的差异加大了翻译难度。

解决此类问题的办法就是找准汉语中的主句，判断出其他分句与主句的内在逻辑关联，译成英语的主从复合句。

考研英语长难句翻译技巧总结

红色、绿色和紫色这三种颜色如果合在一起就变成白色。（时间状语从句转译成条件状语从句)
Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light, nothing is seen。
如果光束通道上没有东西，就什么也看不到。(地点状语从句转译成条件状语从句）
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact， he stuck to his opinion.
This is the last place where I expected to meet you。我怎么也没料到会在这个地方见到你。
词义引申是我们英译汉时常用的技巧之一。翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语辞典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，就会使译文生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至会造成误解。这时就应根据上下文和逻辑关系，从该词的根本含义出发，进一步加以引申，引申时，往往可以从三个方面来加以考虑。
1、为了明确
I had experienced oxygen and /or engine trouble.
我曾碰到过,不是氧气设备了故障，就是引擎出故障,或两者都出故障（重复名词）
Under ordinary conditions of pressure, water becomes ice at C and steam at 100C.
星星和星云看起来只是斑点,或者是小片的光，但它们确实是巨大的天体。
句子成分的转译：
英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同，在具体英译汉时，有时往往需要转换一下句子成分，才能使译文达到逻辑正确、通顺流畅、重点突出等目的.句子成分转译作为翻译的一种技巧，其内容和形式都比较丰富，运用范围也相当广泛，共包括五个方面的内容。

专业英语八级阅读难句解析

专业英语八级阅读难句解析2017年专业英语八级阅读难句解析在进行的每个考试中考前备考都是至关重要的，下面，是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年专业英语八级阅读难句解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, distance learning usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignments, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. (07.12 Passage 1)分析主干：distance learning signifies a course1.句首While 引导状语从句，有让步、对比之意。

2.in which 引导定语从句修饰a course，该从句本身是and 连接两个分句构成的并列结构，两个分句分别讲到有关老师和学生的情况。

post... on Websites 结构中，post 含有3 个宾语。

译文：虽然网络课程提供的教学形式会各不相同，但远程学习通常都表现为这样一种课程：教师将课程大纲、阅读作业及课程进度安排在网站上公布，学生通过电子邮件提交作业。

The I SO labeling standards ban vague or misleading claims on pro duct packaging, because terms such as “environmentally friendly”and “non-polluting”cannot be verified. (05.6 Passage 2)分析主干院The standards ban claims本句只含一个原因状语从句，结构上较为简单。

英语长难句翻译技巧总汇

1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同）译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。

难句类型：倒装、省略a.本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。

所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。

b.在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individual will have中，an individual will have是修饰descendants 的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。

第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面―最大化一个个体的后代的数目的‖结果。

意群训练：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略;（这是一种）照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。