参考文献标准

3. ReferencesAll sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper (and all sources cited in the paper must be included in the References section).A. Pagination: The References section begins on a new page.B. Heading: References (centered on the first line below the manuscript page header).C. Format: The references (with hanging indent) begin on the line following the References heading. Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors.D. Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials. Commas separate all authors. When there are two to six authors, use the ampersand & after a comma and before the last author. When there are seven or more authors, lis t the first six and then use “et al.” for remaining authors. If no author is identified, the title of the document begins the reference. For example,Wolchik, S. A., West, S. G., Sandler, I. N., Tein, J., Coatsworth, D., Lengua, L., et al. (2000). An experimental evaluation . . . .One-author entries precede multiple-author entries beginning with the same surname. For example,Alleyne, R. L. (2001). ….Alleyne, R. L., & Evans, A. J. (1999). ….References with exactly the same author (or authors in the same order) are arranged by year of publication, the earliest first. For example,Hewlett, L. S. (1996). ….Lewlett, L. S. (1999). ….Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000). ….Cabading, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001). ….References by the same author (or by the same two or more authors in the same order) with the same publication date are arranged alphabetically by the title (excluding A,An or The) that follows the date. However, if the references with the same authors published in the same year are identified as articles in a series (e.g., Part 1 and Part 2), order the references in the series order, not alphabetically by title. Lowercase letters – a, b, c, and so on – are placed immediately after the year, within the parentheses. For example,Baheti, J. R. (2001a). Control . . . .Baheti, J. R. (2001b). Roles of . . . .E. Publication date: Publication date is put in parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use“n.d.” in parentheses followi ng the authors. For any work accepted for publication but not yet printed, use “in press” in parentheses following the authors.F. Source reference: Include title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of publication, publisher (for book). Italicize titles of books, titles of periodicals, and periodical volume numbers but not titles of articles. Capitalize the major words of periodical names but not the major words of titles of books or articles.G. Publishers’ locations: Give the location (city and state for U.S. publishers, city, state or province if applicable, and country for publishers outside of the U. S.) of the publishers of books, reports, brochures, and other separate, nonperiodical publications. If the publisher is a university and the name of the state (or province) is included in the name of the university, do not repeat the name in the publisher location. The names of U.S. states and territories appear in the official two-letter U.S. Postal Service abbreviations. The following major and well-known locations can be listed without a state abbreviation or country: Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Amsterdam, Jerusalem, London, Milan, Moscow, Paris, Rome, Stockholm, Tokyo, Vienna.H. Examples of sources1. BooksPaloutzian, R. F. (1996). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1971). Alcohol and health.Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.2. Book with no author or editorMerriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.3. Book with corporate author and publisher being identicalAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.4. Article or chapter in an edited bookJames, N. E. (1988). Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic (pp.219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood.Cicero, T. J. (1979). A critique of animal analogues of alcoholism. In E.Majchrowicz & E. P. Noble (Eds.), Biochemistry and pharmacologyof ethanol (Volume 2, pp. 31-59). New York: Plenum Press.5. Journal articleMurzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of AppliedSocial Psychology, 26, 1617-1626.[If, and only if, each issue of a journal begins on page 1, give the issue number in parentheses immediately after the volume number.]Wilcox, R. V. (1991). Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek: The Next Generation. Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65.6. Newspaper ArticleDi Rado, A. (1995, March 15). Trekking through college: Classes explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles Times, p. A3.7. Encyclopedia ArticleSturgeon, T. (1995). Science fiction. In The encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 24, pp.390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier.8. Web document on university program or department Web siteDegelman, D., & Harris, M. L. (2000). APA style essentials. Retrieved October 28, 2010, from Vanguard University, Department ofPsychology Web site:/faculty/ddegelman/index.cfm?doc_id=796 [If information is obtained from a document on the Internet, provide the Internet address for the document at the end of the retrieval statement. Finish the retrieval statement with a period, unless it ends with an Internet address.]9. Data file, available from a Web siteDepartment of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. (1991). National Health Provider Inventory Home healthagencies and hospices, 1991[Data file]. Available from NationalTechnical Information Service Web site: [Use “Available from” to indicate that the URL leads to information on how to obtain the cited material, rather than to the material itself. Precede the URL with a colon.]10. Stand-alone Web document (no date)Nielsen, M. E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved November 3, 2010, from/psyrelig/psyrelpr.htm11. Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date)Gender and society. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2010, from/mkearl/gender.html12. Journal article from databaseHien, D., & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522.Retrieved October 20, 2010, from ProQuest database.[If information is retrieved from an aggregated database, providing the name of the database is sufficient and no address is needed.]13. Abstract from secondary databaseGarrity, K., & Degelman, D. (1990). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168-172.Abstract retrieved September 23, 2010, from PsycINFO database.14. Journal article, Internet-only journalBergen, D. (2002, Spring). The role of pretend play in children's cognitive development. Early Childhood Research & Practice, 4(1). RetrievedOctober 15, 2010, from /v4n1/bergen.html15. ERIC DocumentFuss-Reineck, M. (1993). Sibling communication in Star Trek: The Next Generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Annual Meetingof the Speech Communication Association. (ERIC DocumentReproduction Service No. ED 364932)16. Unpublished paper presented at a meetingLanktree, C., & Briere, J. (1991, January). Early data on the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSC-C). Paper presented at themeeting of the American Professional Society on the Abuse ofChildren, San Diego, CA.Zhou, X., Taft, M., & Shu, H. (1995, December). Morphological, orthographic, and phonological structure in the Chinese mentallexicon. Paper presented at the Seventh International Conference onthe Cognitive Processing of Chinese and Other Asian Languages,Hong Kong, China.17.Unpublished doctoral dissertation and master’s thesisWilfley, D.E. (1989). Interpersonal analyses of bulimia: Normal-weight and obese. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri,Columbia.Almeida, D.M. (1990). Fathers’ participation in family work: Consequences for fathers’ stress and father-child relations.Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Victoria, Victoria, BritishColumbia, Canada.18. Original version of a non-English [and non-Chinese] workIsing, M. (2000). Intensitǎtsabhǎngigkeit evozierter Potenzial im EEG: Sind impulsive Personen Augmenter oder Reducer? [Intensity dependence inevent-related EEG potentials: Are impulsive individuals augmenters orreducers?]. Zeitschrift fǔr Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 21,208-217.[If the original version of a non-English work is used as the source, cite the original version. Give the original title and, in brackets, the English translation. Usediacritical marks and capital letters for non-English words as done in the original language. And this only applies to a non-Chinese and non-English source.]19. Original version of a Chinese workWhen the original version of a Chinese work is used as the source, cite the original version as follows:顾曰国，(2010a)，当代语言学的波形发展主题一：语言、符号与社会，《当代语言学》，3：193-219。