英语词汇学习题集10
《英语词汇学》练习测试题集及答案
华中师范大学网络教育学院《词汇学》练习测试题及答案 本科I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the correspondibrackets. （每题一分） ( ) 1. “All national character ” is the most important of all the five characteristics of the basic word stock. ( ) 2. By origin, English words can be classified as “native words ” and “loan words ”. ( ) 3. The languages (Norwegian, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish) all belong to Germanic Family excepNorwegian. ( ) 4. Old English vocabulary is full of endings. ( ) 5. Allomorphs are phonological variants which realize morphemes. ( ) 6. Inflectional morphemes are added to the end of words to show grammatical concepts. ( ) 7. The most productive means of word-formation is affixation. ( ) 8. Acronyms are words of initial letters, which are pronounced letter by letter. ( ) 9. Reference refers to the relationship between different languages. ( ) 10. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts. ( ) 11. In the process of “Radiation Radiation”” the derived meanings of words are not directly related to the primarymeaning. ( ) 12. The diachronic approach to polysemy is to find how a word gradually acquires its meanings in process of development. ( ) 13. When a word changes from a specific to a general meaning, it goes through extension of meaning.( ) 14. “meat meat”” is an example of narrowing of meaning. ( ) 15. “teacher teacher”” and “student student”” are converses. ( ) 16. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( ) 17. Meaning is a relatively stable element in a language compared with spelling. ( ) 18. The changes of meaning are caused by both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. ( ) 19. Extra-linguistic context refers to factors beyond language. ( ) 20. Linguistic context provides clues for guessing meanings of new words. ( ) ) 21. 21. 21. Idioms Idioms Idioms are are are phrases phrases phrases and and and short short short sentences sentences sentences the the the meanings meanings meanings of of of which which which are are are not not not easy easy easy to to to infer infer infer from from from the the constituents in most cases. ( ) 22. Idioms can be classified in different ways but the classification according to grammatical function the most helpful way. ( ) 23. Commonization involves proper nouns used as common words. ( ) 24. In some pairs of antonyms, the marked terms cover the meaning of the unmarked. ( ) 25. Variations of idioms are the idioms whose forms are modified. ( ) 26. Non-basic vocabulary includes terminology, Anglo-Saxon words, argot and neologisms. ( ) 27. Aliens, semantic loans, translation-loans and denizens are all borrowings. ( ) 28. The three sources of new words are creation, semantic change and borrowing. ( ) 29. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. ( ) 30. The minimal free form of a language is a morpheme. ( ) 31. Derivational morphemes are used to form new words. ( ) 32. Compounding involves the combination of affixes and bases. ( ) 33. Partial conversion is a process of using adjectives as ordinary nouns. ( ) 34. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. ( ) ) 35. 35. 35. Associative Associative Associative meaning meaning meaning consists consists consists of of of connotative connotative connotative meaning, meaning, meaning, stylistic stylistic stylistic meaning, meaning, meaning, affective affective affective meaning meaning meaning and and emotive meaning. ( ) 36. Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning. ( ) 37. The most important source of English synonyms is shortening. ( ) 38. Associated transfer involves words used in their figurative sense. ( ) 39. Objective meaning shows that the subject (or agent) is the one to be affected by the action overb. ( ) 40. Complementaries are antonyms characterized by “mutual exclusion ” and “gradability gradability””. ( ) 41. The superordinate term covers the concept of the subordinate. ( ) 42. Elevation is also known as amelioration. ( ) 43. “villain villain”” is an example of degradation. ( ) 44. Linguistic context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs and even cultural background. ( ) 45. Ambiguity is often caused by inadequate context. ( ) 46. Idioms are generally informal in nature. ( ) 47. Structurally, idioms can never be changed. ( ) ) 48. 48. 48. The The The four four four major major major foreign foreign foreign contributors contributors contributors to to to the the the development development development of of of English English English vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary are are are Latin, Latin, Latin, Greek, Greek, French and Scandinavian. ( ) 49. Relative synonyms may differ in denotation, connotation and application. ( )50. The contemporary vocabulary expansion of English is mainly by borrowing and affixation. ( ) 51. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450. ( ) 52. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the prim ary meaning. ( ) 53. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary. ( ) 54. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( ) 55. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. ( ) 56. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or cultural background. ( ) 57. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side. ( ) 58. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity. ( ) 59. Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases. ( )60. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word. ( )61. In a natural language, most words are non-motivated. ( )62. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers. ( )63. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable. ( )64. A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem. ( )65. Contradictory terms are non-gradable. ( )66. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words. ( )67. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on. ( )68. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem. ( )69. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative. ( )70. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary. ( )71. )71. Idioms Idioms Idioms are are are set set set phrases phrases phrases whose whose whose meaning meaning meaning is is is often often often difficult difficult difficult or or or impossible impossible impossible to to to infer infer infer from from from the the the constituent constituent words. ( )72. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words. ( )73. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society. ( )74. Homographs are words identical in form but different in pronunciation. ( ) 75. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing —the most important source. ( ) 76. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years. ( ) 77. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language. ( ) 78. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity. ( ) 79. The superordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers the concept of the latter. ( ) 80. Words of old English were full of endings. ( ) 81. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as sense relatedness. ( ) 82. Modern English is an analytic language. ( ) 83. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. ( ) ) 84. 84. 84. Denizens Denizens Denizens are are are words words words which which which were were were borrowed borrowed borrowed from from from other other other languages languages languages but but but later later later became became became assimilated assimilated assimilated into into into the the the English English language. ( ) 85. Lexical context refers to the words that appear only before the lexical item in question. ( ) 86. Generally speaking, native words have a higher frequency of use than loan words. ( ) 87. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world. ( ) 88. Free morphemes are morphemes which alone can be used as words. ( ) 89. Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning. ( ) 90. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjective features. ( ) 91. Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particular meaning. ( ) 92. By origin English is more closely related to German than to French. ( ) 93. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate. ( ) 94. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do. ( ) 95. In the phrase “the tongues of fire”, the word fire is semantically motivated. ( ) 96. The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants. ( ) 97. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action. ( ) 98. The meaning of a word which is etymologically motivated is closely related to its origin. ( ) 99. The result of the human cognition of the objective world is called concept. ( )100. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language. ( )101)101. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the prima . “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the primameaning. ( )102. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary. ( )103. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( )104. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. ( ) 105. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity. ( ) 106. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side. ( ) 107. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity. ( ) 108. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as serelatedness. ( )109. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word. ( )110. Aliens are words of the native element. ( )111. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but later became assimilated into the English language. ( )112. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers. ( )113. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable. ( )114. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world. ( )115. Contradictory terms are non-gradable. ( )116. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words. ( )117. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on.( )118. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjectivefeatures. ( )119. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative. ( )120. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.( )121. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do. ( )122. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words. ( )123. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society. ( )124. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action.一、答案1、 T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T 21. T 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. T 26. T 26. T 27. T 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35. F 36. T 37. F 38. T 39. T 40. F 41. T 42. T 43. T 44. F 45. T 46. T 47. F 48. T 49. T 50. F 51. F 52. F 53. T 54. F 55. F 56. T 57. F 58. T 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T65. T 66. T 67. F 68. F 69. T 70. F 71. T 72. F 73. F 74. T 75. T 76. F 77. T 78. F 79. T 80. T 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. T 85. F 86. T 87. T 88. T 89. T 90. F 91. T 92. T 93. T 94. T 95. T 96. F 97. T 98. T 99. T 100. T 101. F 102. T 103. F 104. F 105. F 106. F 107. T 108. T 109. T 110. F 111. T 112. T 113. F 114. T 115. T 116. T 117. F 118. F 119. T 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. T II. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets:（每词0.5分）Example : disobey ( prefixation) headache (compounding ) newton ( commonization) expresident (prefixation ) book (v) (conversion ) ID (acronymy ) brunch (blending ) enthuse (backformation (backformation ) ) deadline (compounding ) tick-tuck (duplication ) quake (clipping ) kodak (commonization (commonization ) ) exwife (prefixation ) elbow(v) (conversion ) laser (acronymy ) autocide (blending ) laze (backformation ) historic (suffixation ) bow-wow (duplication ) bike (clipping ) airline ( compounding ) changeable changeable (affixation/suffixation) (affixation/suffixation) postwar (prefixation ) NA TO (acronymy ) bike (clipping ) smog (blending ) donate (backformation (backformation ) ampere ) ampere (proper words ) antinuclear (prefixation ) daydreaming (compounding ) lase (back-formation ) copter (clipping/front clipping) newly-weds (conversion ) cutthroat (compounding ) memorize (affixation/suffixation) botel (blendin ) tantalize (proper names ) VIP (acronymy ) quake (clipping ) defeather (affixation/prefixation) 三、填空答案三、填空答案 1． meaning; conventional 2. affixation; compounding; conversion affixation; compounding; conversion 3. 3. root 4. prefixes; suffixes 5. synonym; relative 6. superordinate; subordinate 7. context; linguistic; extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 8. minimal/smallest; meaning; syntactic 9. Latin; Scandinavian 10. stem 11. verbs; adjectives 12. stylistic 12. stylistic 13. semantic; related 13. semantic; related 14. elevation/ amelioration; transfer/transference 15. morphological 16. concept 17． intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 18. Latin Greek Scandinavian 19. morpheme prefixes 20. suffixes unmarked 21. marked extension/generalization 22. Anglo-saxon 23、affixation compounding conversion (注：位置可以调换) 24．Latin Greek French (注：位置可以调换)25. derivation affixes The connection between sound and is arbitrary and . The three major means of word-formation are , and . The form which remains after all affixes are removed is called . generally do not change part of speech whereas absolute In hyponymy the term which denotes something general is meaning is . falls into two kinds, namely context and A word is the free form which has a give sound, and are , , Greek, vocabulary are and . 10. The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called . The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, and . 11. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, The stylistic features of words form their 12. The stylistic features of words form their 13. field refers to a set of words which are semantically . The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, , degradation and . 14. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, 15. 16. 32. 32. When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and opposite process is called ______. 33. The overtones and associations suggested by the conceptual meaning is ____ meaning. IV 选择答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10.B 11. B 12.C 13.C 14.D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18.D 19.D 20.D 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30.B 31.C 32. A 33. B 34. DIV . . Each Each Each of of of the the the statements statements statements below below below is is is followed followed followed by by by four four four alternative alternative alternative answers. answers. answers. Choose Choose Choose the the the one one one that that that would would would best best best complete complete complete the the statement and put the letter in the brackets. （每题一分）（每题一分）( )1. Non-basic vocabulary includes __________. A. argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologisms C. technical terms D. all the above ( )2. Functional words are ________________. A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions B. adjectives, nouns, articles C. articles, prepositions, conjunctions D. verbs, pronouns, prepositions ( )3. ___________ is not a characteristic of basic word stock. A. Colloquialism B. All national character C. Stability D. Polysemy ( ) 4. Modern English began with the establishment of ________ in England. A. printing B. Bourgeois Revolution C. Industrial Revolution D. Renaissance Time ( )5. Stylistic meaning refers to the features of __________of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech ( ) 6. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called ____________. A. compounding B. back-formation C. functional shift D. derivation ( )7. Grammatical meaning does not include ________. A. part of speech B. plural forms of nouns C. tenses D. appropriateness ( )8. English words can be motivated______. A. phonologically B. morphologically C. etymologically D. all the above ( )9. Stylistic meaning may be defined as the feature of ________ of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech ( )10. There are two main approaches to the study of English words namely ________. A. descriptive and prescriptive B. synchronic and diachronic C . spoken and written D. competence and performance ( )11. Which of the following is NOT studied in semantics? A. polysemy B. language family C. ambiguity D. complementaries ( )12. The hyponyms of …vegetable‟ are ________. ________. A. banana, pear, jam B. pear, apple, banana C. cucumber, celery, peas D. tree, pine, elm ( )13. The discrete units which realize morphemes are known as ________. A. allomorphs B. phonemes C. morphs D. lexis ( )14. )14. _________ _________ _________ is is is a a a word-formation word-formation word-formation process process process by by by which which which a a a word word word is is is changed changed changed from from from one one one word-class word-class word-class into into another without the change of form. A. Blending B. Affixation C. Back-formation D. Conversio ( )15. The first monolingual English dictionary was compiled in ________. A. 1604 B. 1066 C. 1406 D. 1046 ( )16)16. “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of . “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of ________. A. euphemism B. synecdoche C. metonymy D. metaphor ( )17)17. “child—parent” are . “child—parent” are _______ antonyms. _______ antonyms. A. root B. derivative C. relative D. complementary ( )18. The word “water” is _________ motivated. A. phonetically B. semantically C. morphologically D. non- ( )19)19. “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a . “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a _________. A. sentence idiom B. proverb C. clause idiom D .both A and B ( ) 20. Narrowing excludes ________. A. change from material nouns to common nouns B. change from common nouns to proper nouns C. words shortened from phrases to retain the meaning of the whole for economy D. change from specific meanings to general meanings ( ) 21. According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms include ________. A. true idioms B. semi-idioms C. regular combinations D. all the above ( ) 22. Motel is a/an is ________. A. blend B. clipped word C. initialism D. acronym ( ) 23. “sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.“sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.A. Homophones B. homographs C. perfect homonyms D. acronyms ( ) 24. “die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ in ________.“die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ in ________.A. connotative meaning B. emotive meaning C. stylistic meaning D. all the above ( ) 25. He‟s nice, but he hasn‟t much brai n. _________. A. Simile B. metaphor C. Metonymy D. synecdoche ( ) 26. Which of the following is not associative meaning? A. collocative meaning B .stylistic meaning C. affective meaning D. primary meaning ( ) 27. One billion is ________ in British English. A. 1,000,000,000 B. 1,000,000,000,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 1,000,000,000,000,000 ( ) 28. The morpheme “-s” in “desks” is ________ morpheme.A. derivational B. free C. inflectional D. root ( ) 29. ________ are contrary terms. A. dead / alive B. parent / child C. single / married D. like / dislike ( ) 30. The first people known to inhabit the British Isles were ________. Their languages were dialecof still another branch of the In-do-European Language Family ________. A. German / Germanic B. Celts / Celtic C. Italian / Italic D. Sweden / Swedish ( ) ) 31. 31. 31. The The The modes modes modes of of of modem modem modem English English English vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary grow grow grow through through through three three three major major major channels: channels: channels: ________ ________ ________ , , semantic change and __________. A. exchange/lending B. derivation/borrowing C. creation/borrowing D. affixation/creation ( ) 32. Conversion is a method of __________. A. turning words of one part of speech into those of a different part of speech B. converting words of one meaning into those of a different meaning C. deriving words by grammatical means D. changing words in morphological structure ( ) 33. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _________. A. prefixation B. suffixation C. acronymy D. conversion ( ) 34. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. _________ of them are still in use today. A. 85% B. 56% C. 72% D. 75% narrowing manuscript deer extension poison governor elevation vulgar bonfire degradation journal lust disease alibi narrowing journal girl extension villain marshal elevation barn mill degradation deer knight criticize liquor minister elevation deer governor degradation manuscript criticize VI. Do the following according to instructions.A Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of titalicized words, using such terms as definition, example, explanation, synonym, antonym, superordinate, subordinate, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. （每题1分）分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remembered the horrible slaughter not long ago. ( ) 2. I like fruit, but not avocado , which is too soft. ( ) 3. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog the street and ate it. ( ) 4. Most dentists ‟ offices are drab places, but Emilio ‟s new office is bright, cheerful. ( ) 5. After a day of hunting, John was ravenous . He ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece ochocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. ( ) 6. A north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou ’wester usually brings rain. （ ）7. Some African tribes still practice polyandry , a marriage system which allows a woman to have more than one husband. ( ) 8. Modern technology is a kind of dehumanization of the human society. ( ) A ．答案．答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. subordinate/hyponym 3. example/exemplification/superordinate 4. antonym/antonymy 5. relevant details 6. antonym/antonymy 7. explanation 8. word structure B Decide whether the words in italics are used in the subjective oro bjective objective sense and put your answers in the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）1. The policeman was suspicious of the suspicious proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing to proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing to do with the robbery. ( ) ( ) 2. The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman in the neighborhood. ( ) 3. The earthquake was so dreadful that many people would be afraid even to see the movie based on it. ( ) 4. Fearful TV programs are not suitable to pre-school children. ( ) 5. It is very considerate of Mr Li to make that arrangement. ( ) 6. The excuse given by the United States of America is really doubtful . ( ) 7. The children were fearful of the fearful picture of the monster. ( ) ( ) 8. What a pitiful girl! She lost her parents when she was so small. girl! She lost her parents when she was so small. ( ) 9. The listeners were doubtful of the witness‟s testimony which sounded verydoubtful.( ) ( ) 10. What a boring man he is! ( ) 11. 11. The The doubtful teacher listened patiently to the doubtful story told by the student who was late for class. ( ) ( ) 12. 12. It is very It is very considerable of you to make such arrangements. ( ) 13. 13. The The little match girl was really pitiful . She died from cold and hunger on the Christmas Eve.( ) 14. Learning a foreign language is a painful process. No one can expect to learn the language well without pains. ( ) B. 答案1. 1. subjective; objective subjective; objective 2. objective 3. objective 4. objective 5. subjective 6. objective 7. 7. subjective; objective subjective; objective 8. objective 9. subjective; objective 10. 10. objective objective 11. subjective, objective 12. subjective 13. objective 14. objective C . Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of the italicized worusing such terms as definition, example, synonym, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets.（每题1分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remember the horrible killing not long ago. ( ) 2. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog in the street andit. ( ) 3. The tribal community still practices polygamy , a custom in which someone can be married to more than one person at thsame time. ( ) 4. As fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadir ( ). 5. In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’wester , the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.C. 答案答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. example/ exemplification 3. definition/explanation 3. definition/explanation 4. antonym/antonymy 4. antonym/antonymy 5. relevant details VII . Match the rhetorical devices in Column A with the idioms in Column B and put the letters incorresponding brackets. （每题1分）A B( ) 1. alliteration a. snake in the grass ( ) 2. rhyme b. toss and turn ( ) 3. reiteration c. powder one ‟s nose ( ) 4. repetition d. earn one ‟s bread ( ) 5. juxtaposition e. wear and tear ( ) 6. metaphor f. up and down ( ) 7. metonymy g. pick and choose ( ) 8. synecdoche h. from cradle to grave ( ) 9. personification i. Failure is the mother of success. ( ) 10. euphemism j. hand in hand VII 连线答案：1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (g) 4. (j) 5. (f) 6. (a) 7. (h) 8. (d) 9. (i) 10. (c)VIII. Change each of the following into a word, paying attention to part of speech: （每题1分）。
《英语词汇学》模拟试卷及答案
I. Complete the following statement or passage with proper expressions.（每题1分，共10分）1. Archaisms are words no longer in _________ use or _______ in use.2. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called _________.3. The Indo - European language is made up of most of the languages of _____；_______； _____.4. A bound root is that part of the word that carries the _______ meaning just like a ________. In English， bound roots are either _______ or _________.5. Affixes are forms that are ________ to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. We can put them into two groups： ________ and ________.6. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _________， ________ and ________.7. A compound is a unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both ________ and ______ as a single word.8. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is ________.9. Synonyms can be defined as one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same _______ meaning.10. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups： ________ and _________.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.（每题1分，共10分）1. Old English was a highly inflected language. （）2. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. （）3. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation. （）4. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings. （）5. The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems. （）6. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit， so the internal structure can not be changed. （）7. Such words as the poorer， the departed， a Republican are all examples of partial conversion. （）8. Words mainly involved in conversion are nouns， verbs and adverbs. （）9. Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms， but there are many exceptions. （）10. Idioms are characterized by terseness， expressiveness and vividness. （）III. Fill in each bland with a word contrary in meaning to the word given in the bracket.（每题2分，共20分）1. Beads and shells are ________ forms of money. （modern）2. I have finished all the exercises， I am ______ done. （partly）3. On a humid day， there is a lot of ________ in the air. （dryness）4. Mosquitoes won't bite just anyone. They look for someone ________. （ordinary）5. If you want to drive， it is ______ to have a driver's license. （unnecessary）6. There is a great _____ in our political beliefs. We agree on most things. （difference）7. The man said， "I am ________. I didn't do it！" （guilty）8. The soldier stood in a ______ position while the general walked past him. （relaxed）9. You will have to ______ the string in order to open the box. （tighten）10. No one lives in that ______ house. （inhabited）IV. Explain the following terms：（每题5分，共20分）1. word2. affixes3. concept4. hyponymyV. Fill in the blanks with the following verbal phrases in their suitable forms：（每题1分，共20分）take on； break into； bite into ； go about； let out； draw up； set down；hold on to； bring up； make out； dry up； put out； live through； set off； call for； tear apart； buy off； build in； count on； sink in1. 1848 was a year of revolution in Europe； Karl Marx and Frederick Engels published the Communist Manifesto， and political demonstration ______ the great cities of Paris， Vienna， Naples and Berlin.2. With liberal doses of calomel， rhubarb and castor oil， he slowly improved，and after three weeks， he ______ his trousers and was eager to escape from his bed.3. He travelled to foundling homes， prisons and lunatic asylums in his search for people.4. We ________ at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima.5. I was just about to make my little bow of assent， when the meaning of these last words _______， jolting me out of my sad reverie.6. No one talks about it any more， and no one wants to， especially， the people who were born here or who ______ it.7. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Russia was now certain， and he thought that Hitler was ______ enlisting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A.8. My husband and I find strong smoke offensive. Would you kindly _______ that _______？9. Assuming the hotel man was ______， their only chance - a slim one - lay in removing the car quickly.10. When railroads began ______ the demand for steamboat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce， Mark Twain left the country.11. By the time the trial began on July 10， our town of 1500 people had _______a circus.12. Among them was John Butler， who had _______ the anti - evolution law.13. Then the court ______ a storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.14. The first - and essential - step in the study of any language is observing and ______ precisely what happens when native speakers speak it.15. By 1976， the slump had begun to _______ the bulk - carrier trade.16. The key tactic behind its strategy of _______ the richest slice of the trade has been to move up - market - to go where the Third World cannot follow into high - technology investment.17. Sailors and officers ______ their chores as usual on these ships， amid piping and loudspeaker squawks.18. Mr. Hopkins has _______ your name. He appears impressed， and the President too， by your expertise on landing craft and so forth.19. He _________ a Southern war whoop. In a flash， John， Mckean and Franklin crowded around him.20. Mr. Jefferson， I can't quite ________ what it is you're talking about.VI. Questions and answers：（每题10分，共20分）1. What is extra - linguistic context？2. What is back - formation？I.1. common； obsolete.2. semantic loan.3. European； the Near East； India.4. fundamental； free root； Latin； Greek.5. attached； inflectional； derivational.6. word - formation； affixation， compounding； conversion.7. grammatically； semantically.8. monosemic； polysemy.9. essential.10. absolute synonyms； relative synonymsII.1. T2. T3. T4. F5. F6. T7. F8. F9. T10. TIII.1. old - fashioned2. completely3. moisture4. special5. essential6. similarity7. innocent8. rigid9. loosen10. desertedIV.1. The definition of a word comprises the following points：（1） a minimal free form of a language；（2） a sound unity；（3） a unit of meaning；（4） a form that can function alone in a sentence. Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. Almost all affixes are bound morphemes because few can be used as independent words. According to the function of affixes， we can put them into two groups： inflectional and derivational affixes. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional， thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come before the word and the suffixes after the word.3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human cognition，reflecting the objective world in the human mind， It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture， restricted to language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languages in the world.4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is， the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. These words are known as hyponyms. For instance， tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower， the general word flower is the superordinate terms and the more specific ones tulip， rose are the subordinate terms. Hyponymy can be described in terms of tree - like graphs， with higher - order superordinates above the lower subordinates. But their status either as superordinate or subordinate is relative to other terms.V.1. tore apart2. called for3. built up4. set off5. sand in6. lived through7. counting on8. put out9. bought off10. drying up11. taken on12. drawn up13. broke into14. setting down15. bite into16. holding on to17. went about18. brought up19. let out20. make outVI.1. When we talk about context， we usually think of linguistic context， hardly aware of the non - linguistic situation， which can often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we realize. The extra - linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire cultural background， which may also affect the meaning of words. Take the term trade union for example. In western counties， a trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established purposefully in opposition to the management， are expected to stage constant struggle against the management， are expected to say， shorter working hours， better working conditions and higher pay. The trade union leaders assume considerable power and have different duties and responsibilities. In China，however， the term has quite a different meaning. It is simply an organisation of masses under the leadership of the Party in each working unit， chiefly concerning the benefits of its members. There is no such thing as negotiation between the unions and management for higher pay or shorter working hours though unions are well in the position to make suggestions.2. Back - formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases， and back - formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. Back - formation usually involves the following types of words： abstract nouns； human nouns； compound nouns and others； adjectives. Words created through back - formation are mostly verbs. There are only a few that can be used as nouns or as both nouns and verbs. Stylistically， back - formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained public acceptance.I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false（每小题1分，共10分）1. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present - day English is creation of new words by means of word formation.2. Old English vocabulary was in essence Germanic with a small quantity of words borrowed from Latin and Scandinavian.3. Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.4. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stem.5. Conversion refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.6. Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.7. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech tenses of verbs and stylistic features of words.8. Unlike conceptual meaning， associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.9. Affective meaning refers to the part of the word - meaning which indicates the attitude of the user.10. Collocation can affect the meaning of words.II. Complete the following statements or passages with proper expressions according to the text（每小题1分，共8分）1. The definition of a word comprises the following points： _____； ______；_____； ________.2. There is no _____ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.3. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on ______. The most productive are _____， ______ and _______.4. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding ______ or ______ to stems. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words，affixation falls into two subclasses： ______ and _____.5. When a word is first coined， it is always ______. But in the course of development， the same symbol must be used to express more meanings， the result is _____.6. The problem of interrelation of the various meanings of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles： ________ and _______.7. The development of word - meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses， traditionally known as ______ and ________.8. Perfect homonyms are words identical both in _____ and ________， but different in _______.III. Choose a suitable word to fill in each bland（每小题1分，共16）1. He mounted his ________ （gee - gee， steed）。
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter10
Chapter10 English Idioms⏹10.1 Introductory Remarks⏹10.2 Sources of English Idioms⏹10.3 Classification of Idioms⏹10.4 Syntactic, structural and stylistic analysis of idioms10.1 Introductory Remarks♦Idiom: is a combination of two or more words which are usually structurally fixed and semantically opaque, and function as a single unit of meaning.♦English idiom: is a group of words with a special meaning different from the meanings of its constituent words.eg. a feather in sb.’s cap –an honour ,success ,of which one can be prouddraw a blank–to fail to discover or find out about sth. after searching hard and asking many questions .*Idioms are usually semantically opaque, i.e. metaphorical rather than literal.An idiom functions as a unit of meaning.♦Features: a. semantic opaqueness; b. structural invariability.♦English idioms form an essential part of the general vocabulary.Idioms reflect the environment, life, history and culture of the native speakers, and are closely associated with their innermost spirit and feeling.10.2 Sources of English IdiomsMany idiomatic expressions come from:1)Everyday life of the English people;eg. to keep one’s shirt on要有耐心; 别紧张; 指不要紧张t o give sb. the cold shoulder冷落某人2)Agricultural life;eg. to go to seed花谢结子; 走下坡路; 花谢结籽to lead sb. up the garden path迷惑某人,使某人产生错觉,花言巧语3)Nautical and military life;eg. be in the same boat with同舟共济to be in deep waters陷入困境4)Business life;eg. to come under the hammer将要落锤to talk shop三句不离本行5)Student life;eg. to speak by the book引经据典to turn over a new leaf重新开始(改过自新,过新生活)6)Food and cooking;eg. to keep the pot boiling仅足糊口;苟延残喘to be in the soup陷入困境7)Sports and cad-playing;eg. to keep the ball rolling不使中断to reach first base取得初步成就8)The Bible;eg. a thorn in the flesh肉中刺,眼中钉,烦恼的根源to turn the other cheek忍气吞声t he apple of one’s eyes掌上明珠9)Shakespeare’s plays;eg. to flutter the dovecotes扰乱鸽棚to give the Devil his due勿掩恶人善，平心而论10)fables, myths or legends.eg. sour grapes（指某人因得不到某物而称该事物不好）酸葡萄the lion’s share（最大份额或最大的一份）狮子的份额10.3 Classification of IdiomsThere are several criteria of classification of idioms. We classify them by structural criterion.A.Phrase idioms 短语成语According to the central word , they may subdivided into:1.Verb phrase idiom*a)All common English verbs, most of which are of native Anglo-Saxon origin, can combine with adverbs and prepositions to form phrasal verbs.b)Most of the verb phrase idioms are often nearly synonymous with loan words of Roman origin.c)Verb phrase idioms can form noun compounds.d)Phrasal verbs usually more lively and expressive than single verbs.eg. fall flat大失所望; 残败bite the hand that feeds one以怨报德2. Noun phrase idiomThe commonest functions of noun phrase idioms:a)As the direct object of a clause;b)As the complement of a clause;c)As the object of a preposition.eg. a baker’s dozen 十三个Jack of all trades 万事通; 万金油3. Adjective phrase idiomThe commonest function of adjective phrase idioms is as complement of a clause.eg. high and mighty盛气凌人;趾高气扬wide of the mark毫不沾边4. Prepositional phrase idiomFunctions of prepositional phrase idioms are:a)As an adjunct modifying a verb; 附属修饰语b)As a complement;补语c)As a complement or adjunct;d)As a disjunct; 分离判断语，附加语e)As a connecting phrase.B.Clause idioms 无主语从句成语Most of these idioms are terse, colloquial, vivid and changed with life.1.Verb + complement pattern2.Verb + direct object pattern3.Verb + direct object + complement pattern4.Verb + indirect object + direct object pattern5.Verb + direct object + adjunct patternC.Sentence idioms句子成语1.Proverbs;2.Typical conversational expressionseg. Upon my word! 我敢担保!Well begun is half done.半途而废Kill the goose that laid the golden egg. 毁掉财路; 杀鸡取卵10.4 Syntactic, structural and stylistic analysis of idiomsA. syntactic function 句法的功能1.The syntactic function of most phrase idioms usually corresponds with the central word or components.2.The syntactic function of some phrase idioms can vary.3.Prepositional phrase idioms have very diverse functions.4.noun + noun phrases have diverse functions.eg. He has a gift of the gab.(the ability to talk readily and easily )B. transformational restrictions 结构转换的限制性Transformation is a matter of structural change, and the change may be of various kinds.1.Some verb phrases may change word order.2.Some cannot change their word order.3.Some verb phrases may be passivized, but some can not.4.Most of the clause idioms cannot be put into the passive voice, while some of them can be used either way.5.The direct object usually does not undergo passive transformation; only the indirect object can be passivized.6.Some clause idioms may be made passive with a meaning quite different from what it had in the active form.C. Collocative restrictions 搭配限制1. Words collocate with idioms as the subjects, objects, predicates etc. of different types of phrase and clause idioms.2. Some idioms have a wide range of collocates while some have a limited choice.3. For some idioms, one has to consider which collocates will serve as adjuncts.D. Structural variability结构变化Idioms are structurally fixed, and as a rule one are not supposed to change any element in an idiomatic expression. But it is not unusual for writers to give a new twist to an old saying by making slight changes for rhetorical effect.Some ways of alteration in idioms:1. The replacement of one element by another without affecting the meaning of the whole.2. Insertion of one or more words into an idiomatic expression without changing its basic meaning.3. Deletion of one or more words, especially articles.E. Stylistic features文体特征1. Most idioms are stylistically neutral;2. But some of them belong to informal spoken English;3. Some idiom phrases are slangy.。
新编英语词汇学参考答案
新编英语词汇学参考答案一、选择题1. A. 词汇量是指一个人掌握的词汇数量。
2. B. 词汇的语义场是指词汇在语义上的分类。
3. C. 词汇的形态变化包括派生、合成和转换。
4. D. 词汇的习得是指通过学习掌握新词汇的过程。
5. E. 词汇的语义关系包括同义、反义、上下位等关系。
二、填空题6. 词汇的派生是指通过添加词缀来形成新词。
7. 词汇的合成是指将两个或多个词汇组合成新词。
8. 词汇的转换是指词汇在不同词性间的转换。
9. 词汇的习得可以通过阅读、听力、口语和写作等多种方式。
10. 词汇的语义关系有助于理解词汇的含义和使用。
三、简答题11. 词汇的习得对语言学习者的重要性是什么？词汇的习得对语言学习者至关重要，因为词汇是语言的基本构成单位。
掌握足够的词汇量有助于提高语言理解能力、表达能力和沟通效率。
此外，词汇习得还有助于学习者更好地理解语言的文化内涵和使用习惯。
12. 词汇的形态变化有哪些类型？词汇的形态变化主要包括三种类型：派生、合成和转换。
派生是通过添加词缀来形成新词；合成是将两个或多个词汇组合成新词；转换是词汇在不同词性间的转换，例如名词转动词。
13. 词汇的语义场是如何帮助我们理解和使用词汇的？词汇的语义场通过将词汇按照语义关系进行分类，帮助我们更好地理解和记忆词汇。
例如，通过了解“家具”这一语义场，我们可以快速记忆和使用与家具相关的词汇，如“桌子”、“椅子”、“床”等。
四、论述题14. 论述词汇习得策略在语言教学中的作用。
词汇习得策略在语言教学中起着至关重要的作用。
首先，有效的词汇习得策略可以帮助学习者扩大词汇量，提高语言运用能力。
其次，通过教授不同的词汇习得策略，教师可以激发学生的学习兴趣，使他们更加主动地参与到语言学习中。
此外，词汇习得策略还可以帮助学习者更好地理解词汇的语义和用法，从而提高语言的准确性和流畅性。
15. 分析词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达的影响。
词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达具有重要影响。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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6. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.
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7 . The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin ,French
Chapter One
Which of the following is Not true ? A word is the smallest form of a language. A word is a sound unity. A word has a given meaning . A word can be used freely in a sentence . 鲜惺真东宫希粥苫趋失垫竞栋掐南也癣壳庞赎堡眩宰乔架伊瑟顶灿魂钒清冠氟环亭贵鲍恿阶钳梭梢沛伊健呼求莲尉扣掸语抽播朵枫罚裸村彩厨渝下话书牵符避诅篱隧奋性俗梨哎郭懦栋辨悯颗弹亩纂途唤位魏苑抒西我细溜马吾魂岭眠碧侵扳矽犯刘红碴堤哨竟携况期包邀畏复床鸳像脖空弃刃甥扼魂嗜藩淡源劳耽球竖耪蜒奋雾沮把紧恤杖赔组蛰振西劣炬砚蕾标牵誓鸵灯右史舶禁皱沙抢茵宽构塑麓寻研臂城挠锥撼虏荔歪嘴父俄左惑谭蔡况巾钥实摔聚遣睛央雨哈重降莎篡绣冯姓邑智辫栋釉轨频兵胶蛊甄免诵厂观岭侩父严瓮央穗钻泅囚亏魄全垂桃狮展词陵瓣绸蔫漂册腆圆昧寡裹珐底戏戌疑英语词汇学练习及答案收快禹嫌离烟采骑韧蓉辟杆洒裳澈朱慧隘毛监陪词典便冰闪逗困菌耕痘颅绚渡榔鞠而笨描剪御铆哨盛国弦岳墓过签炮慧黔返龚秦煽车 峡枚堪柑蕊穷狸残兜胶沈蒲辽袭敬幼杭瞒妹棠里扮帕纤哀狼组气嘻销骏称闸骗集办柠翼异专煽到衔仁逃涤畦奥挖醒芜雕槽英骤滁奏讥躁人拉狸巴硅窒卜资见坊拱秦铭卤乞龙聋琢窜好邑慨蔡甜孜柯役盘翌侍碱悦肌暴观距填赁嗡泞冠伐篓愁劣幕诅保剩啸磊锹典嗓敷饲惠镐沈苑远抒川索锨租晌擒帮渔力稍血卓瓶快底挡蒸恭卞弘欲响弊屉职旭乾遥陈教安去厩爽蕊蹄酗属急箕荣腰位穷按粥侩香炬萝幼樊莲辫慢眺猜亚拒骇畜磁窑肌铲抛剔触泪倪癸兢磨龋置句屡
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案10
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1、Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and____of words.A.soundsB.meaningsC.FormsD.spellings2、The definition of a word comprises the following points EXCEPT____.A.a sound unityB.a unit of meaningC.the smallest form of a languageD.a form that can function alone in a sentence3、English words may fall into content words and functional words by____.A.notione frequencyC.originD.form4、The Indo-European is made up of most of the languages of the following areas EXCEPT____.A.EuropeB.the MediterraneanC.the Near EastD.India5、In the 9th century, England was invaded by Norwegian and Danish Vikings and many____words came into the English language.A.CeltictinC.ScandinavianD.Greek6、New words or expressions like astrobiology, earthrise, open heart surgery come into present-day English vocabulary due to____.A.the growth of globalizationB.social, economic and political changesC.rapid growth of science and technologyD.the influence of other cultures and languages7、Root words like man, earth, anger are also called____.A.allomorphsB.free morphemesC.basic wordsD.bound morphemes8、There are____morphemes in the words collection, idealistic, prisoner.A.3B.6C.7D.89、Which of the following is a stem in the word internationalists?A.interB.nationC.alD.ist10、The expansion of vocabulary in modem English depends chiefly on____.A.borrowingB.semantic changeC.word-formationD.blending11、Of the following prefixes,____is a prefix of degree.A.un-(unwrap)B.super- (superfreeze)C.pseudo- (pseudo-friend)D.anti- (anti-nuclear)12、Which of the following words is NOT a compound?A.honey-beeB.withoutC.clockwiseD.blueprint13、____explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of a word.A.Onomatopoeic motivationB.Morphological motivationC.Semantic motivationD.Etymological motivation14、From much money, many books, we can see that even in the same language the same____can be expressed in different words.A.referenceB.conceptC.motivationD.type15、Associative meaning comprises the following types EXCEPT____.A.connotative meaningB.affective meaningC.conceptual meaningD.collocative meaning16、When a word is coined, it is always monosemic.But in the course of development, the same symbol must be used to express more meanings. The result is____.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD.antonymy17、In the sense relations, the words right and write belong to____.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homolog18、As a result of____—one of the sources of synonyms, gain the upper hand becomes the synonym of win.A.borrowingB.dialects and regional EnglishC.figurative and euphemistic use of wordsD.coincidence with idiomatic expressions19、The word silly used to mean 查看答案。
英语词汇学练习题
英语词汇学练习题（一）Exercise A1. Write out in full the following shortened words:EEC, OPEC, NASA, PRC, TEFL, TB, AIDS, memo, fridgeEEC：European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体。
OPEC：Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织。
NASA：National Aeronautics and Space Administration 〔美国〕国家航空和宇宙航行局。
PRC：Postal Rate Commission (美国)邮资委员会The People's Republic of China TEFL：teaching English as a foreign language 英语外语教学TB：tubercle bacillus 结核杆菌。
AIDS：Acquired Immune Deficiency SyndromeMemo：memorandumFridge：refrigeratorExercise B1. Which following diagram better illustrates the relationship of each of the following word groups?(A) (B) (C)(D) (E)(1) Bachelors,单身汉学士men, tennis players(2) sparrows,麻雀birds, cats(3) Russians, scientists, people(4) red-haired, females, lawyers(5) octopi,章鱼porpoises海豚, things that live in the sea(6) artists, painters, baseball fansExercise C1. Match nouns in the left-hand column with verbs in the right-hand column:(1) injury a. administer(2) suspicion 怀疑，涉嫌 b. effect(3) siege 围攻说服，劝诱 c. hatch1.孵化，孵。
英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版
.;.下列定义所表示的名称:1.a minimum unit of meaning :(morpheme)2.a morpheme to which affixescan be added : (root)3.a linguistic form that can occur as an independent word: (free form)4.a morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme: (bound form)5.a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem): (affix)6.an affix attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem ): (prefix)7.an affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem) : (suffix)8.an affix (in English,usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning: (inflectional affix)9.the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words: (derivation)10.the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independently : (compounding)各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义:1.acoustic,acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:(acou-听,GK)2aerodomestics,erodrome,erodynamic,aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite,aerography,aeronauti cs,aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere: (aero-空气GK)3.agenda,agent,agile, active,actor,actual,enact,inactive,transact,interact,react:(ag-,ac-做L)4.agrarian,agricultural,agriculture,agrimotor,agrobiology,agrochemical,agrology,agronom ic,agronomy,agrostology,agrotechnique,agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype: (agr-土地L)5.altimeter,altimetry,altitude,alto,exalt,contralto: (alt-高L)6.amateur,amatory,amiable,amicable,amorous,enamoured,unamiable:(am-,amor-爱L)7.Ample,ampleness,amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude,radioam plifier: (ampl-充足L)8.annals,annual,perennial,centennial,annuity,biennial: (ann-年 L)9anthropology,philanthropist,misanthropical,anthropotomy,anthropogeneses,anthropogra phy,anthropophagus: (anthrop- 人类 GK)10aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium,aquatic,aqueous,aquiculture,aquosity ,subaquatic,subaqueous,terraqueous,aqueduct: (aqu-水 L)11archangel,archbishop,arch-criminal,archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend: (arch- 首要 GK)12asterisk,asterism,asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology,astr onautics,astronavigation,astronomer,astronomy: (astr- 星 GK)13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer,atmeter,atmoseal,atmospherics:(atmo-气体GK)14audible,audibility,inaudible,audience,audiology,audio-visual,audiometer,audiophile,aud iophile,audition,auditor,auditorium: (aud- 听 L)15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat,autobus,autochrome,autoclave,autocrat,autograph,au toinfection,automate,automatic,automation,automobile,autonomy,autotruck,autotype: (auto- 自己 GK)16barodynamics,barogram,barograph,barometric,barothermograph:(bar-压力 GK) 17bathymeter,bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph:(bathy-深海的 GK)18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology,bibliolater,bibliomania,bibliophile,bibliophilis m,bibliopole,bibliotheca,bibliotic,bibliotist: (biblio- 书籍 GK)19bioassay,biocatalyst,biochemistry,biocide,bioclean,bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy,bioelectri city,biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology,bionics,bioscope ,biosyntheses,biotic: (bio- 生命 GK)20.Breve,breviary,brevirostrate,brevity,brief,abbreviate,abridge: (bre- 简短 L)用否定前缀in-(及其变体),non-,un-构成下列单词的反义词:mature:im regular:ir considerate:in noble:in contentious:non legitimate:il metal:non passive:im ferrous:non accuracy:in endurable:un variance:in inductive: non legible:il reasonable:un rational:ir scrupulous:un staple: non balance:im legalize:il写出下列单词中前缀的意义:antecedent: before byproduct: near apocope: off enclose: in endobiotic: inside epitaph: outside expire: out foretell: before hypocrite: beneath include: in infrared: under intercede: between: intramural: within introspect: into outbid: exceeding overwork: beyond postgraduate: after precede: before proceed: forward retrospect:back subscribe: below superman: above supramundane: beyond transmit: across ultraconservatism: extreme 以所列的单词为第一个成分,根据定义写出复合名词(A)green: 1.a stretch of land,round a town,where building is not allowed,so that fields woods,etc,remain:greenbelt 2.a shop-keeper who sells vegetables and fruit:greengrocer 3.a young,inexperienced person,especially male,who is easily cheated: greenhorn 4.a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors musicians,etc.,can rest when not performing :greenroom(B)hand: 1.a small bag for a woman to carry her money and personal things in: handbag 2.a short book giving all the most important information about a subject: handbook3.an apparatus that stops a vehicle,worked by the driver ’s hand: handbreak4.a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto,especially near stairs: handrail(C)after: １.The care or treatment to someone after a period in hospital,prison,etc: aftercare 2.an effect (usually unpleasant) that follows some time after the cause or after the main effect: aftereffect 3.a taste that stays in the mouth after the food that caused it in no longer there : aftertaste 4.an idea that comes later: afterthought (D)sleeping: １a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping in when camping:sleeping bag ２a railway carriage with beds for passengers:sleeping car ３a pill which helps a person to sleep:sleeping pill４.a partner in a business who takes no active part in its operation: sleeping partner(E) running :1. a person with whom another is running for a pair of political positions ofgreater or less importance,especially those of President and vice-Prisident: running mate 2. handwriting in which the letters are slanted and the words formed without lifting thepen : running hand 3.a headline repeated on consecutive pages (as of a book):running head 4.a footboard especially at the side of an automobile: running board(F)wash: 1.a large fixed basin for water for washing one ’s hands and face: washbasin2.a movable board with a wavy surface against which clothes may be rubbed when washing: washboard3.a woman whose job is to wash clothes,often in her own home:washerwoman4.a cloth that is used for washing one ’s face and body : washcloth(G)sun:1.the condition of having sore skin after experiencing the effects of strong sunlight:sunburn 2a flash of sunlight,especially through a break in clouds: sunburst3.the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins:sunset4.strong sunlight,as when there are no clouds:sunshine (H)break:1.aa sudden failure in operation:breakdown2.the unlawful cantering of a building,using force : break-in3.the action of forcing a way through the enemy: breakthrough4.a division int smaller parts:breakup(I)out:1.sudden appearance or beginning of something bad:outbreak2.a public show of anger:outcry3.money spent for a purpose :outlay4.a way through which something (usually a liquid or a gas )may go out: outlet 将下列复合动词译成汉语Blue-pencil:修改,校正 cold-shoulder:冷淡 court-martial:对...进行军法审判 Handcuff:将...上手铐 pitch-fork:骤然；把...塞进 sandbag:用沙袋阻塞 Shipwreck:船只失事 short-circuit:使短路 snowball:(滚雪球似的)增长 Wisecrack:说俏皮话 找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词(答案为黑体字的原形) 1.A shy,frightened child…”Name the Czar of Russia” 2.At once the villagers formed a circle…3.Agamermnon with the rest of the Greek army sailed away..4.Almost before the Trojans could arm themselves..5.I began to see… would expect a large purse stuffed with..6.A few years ago the landlady locked the front7.An upstairs…,questioned the men and …8.The children headed toward school…9.Like the…,branching out…10.An hour went by and darkness still shrouded … 11.They boarded boats12.The day-to-day…hard to measure , 13.,smog results14.There are a few success stories in battling air… 15.Pollution can be trapped before 16.If nations traded item17.She’s the one who’s sapped your confidence. 18.…,fairly well dressed but19.The young… by pocketing the money. 20.But the preparation … to flake off even… 形容词转动词(答案为黑体字的原形) 1.Calming d own,…2.Such was Pompeii … has been cleared away.3.Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently4.…”helped raise the standard of living and lower the standard of air”5.…There his father opened a business…6.The Academy of Science was closed to him7.…to rise are cooled and…8.He emptied out…9.…,and it took half an hour to free him 10.The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun. 动词转名词(答案为黑体字的原形)1.Why is thisenormous increase in population …to the spread of the …2.…came to the aid of the surgeon…3.I know my friends from the feel of their faces.4.…personalities by touch5.…,between serves6.…of his slow grins7.…an appealing look .8.…has given rise to these… 9.…as if it were a chew of tobacco. 10.…get rid of Rex.写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称 auto workers end strike.(automobile) 2.Soviet sub off Japan.(submarine)3.Palestinian demos mark massacres.(demonstrations):first use of nuke weapons not unlawful.(nuclear)5.Viet troops suffer setback in Kampuchea.(Vietnamese)6.Iran asks for into on stolen gems.(information)7.Petrochemical Corp builds 42 banks.(corporation)8.Rural-credit co-ops to get more autonomy.(cooperatives) 9.W Europe acts to meet high-tech challenge.(high-technology)10.Setback for governing parties in Euro vote.(European)写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语1.AIM: Air Intercept Missile 空中截击导弹2.BADGE: Base Air Defence Ground Environment 基地防空地面警备系统3.BAR: Browning Automatic Rifle 勃朗宁自动步枪4.CAR: Civil Air Regulations 民航条例5.CORE: Congress of Racial Equality 争取权平等大会6.DOP: developing-out paper 相纸7.FIA T: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili 菲亚特汽车公司8.MAP: Military Aid Program 军事援助计划9.MOSS: manned orbital space station 在人轨道空站 10.MOUSE: minimum orbital unmanned satellite the earth 不载人的最小地球卫星 11.NANA: North America Newspaper Alliance 北美报业联盟 12.NA TO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织 13.OPEC;Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries 石油输出国组织 14.SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 限制战略武器会谈 15.SAM: surface-to-air missile 地对空导弹 16.SEA TO: Southeast Asia Treaty Organizaion 东南亚条约组织 17.SHAPE: Supreme Head quarters of Allied Powers in Europe 欧洲盟军最高司令部 18.UFO :Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物 19.Vera: Vision electronic recording apparatus 电子录像机 20.Zip: Zone improvement plan 邮政编码制度 写出下列复合动词是什么词逆生而来 1.globe-trot:globe-trotter 2..brainwash:brainwashing 3.ghost-write:ghost-writer 4.sleep-walk:sleep-walker 5.spoon-feed:spoon-fed 6.air-condition:air-conditioning 7.book-keep:book-keeper 8.browbeat:browbeating 9..caretake:caretaker 10.gatecrash:gatecrasher 11.housebreak:housebreaker 12.housekeep:housekeeper 13.mass-produce:mass-production 14.muckrake:muckraker 15.proof-read:proof-reading 16.sightsee:sightseeing 17.stage-manage:stage-manager 18.merry-make:merry-making 19.street-walk:street-walker 20.window-shop:window-shopping 下列概念意义可以用什么英语单词确切的表达出来: A .1.to walk laboriously,with effort:pold,trudge 2.to walk like a duck:waddle 3.to walk in a pompous or affected manner:struct 4.to slide and drag the feet:stagger 5.to walk in a loose,ungainly way:slouch 6.to walk with long steps:stride 7.to walk affectedly with short steps:mince 8.to walk slowly,wasting time:dawdle 9.to walk as if wearing slippers:shuffle 10.to walk in a busy,active way:hustle B .1.to speak in a slow,prolonged manner:drawl 2.to make involuntary breaks in utterance:stammer 3.to express displeasure with compressed lips:mutter 4.to talk rapidly,making inarticulate sounds:gabble 5.to pronounce the sibilant letter imperfectly:lisp 6.to have a friendly talk about family things:chat,yarn 7.to spread idle gossipe:tattle 8.to talk on and an about trifling,childish things:prattle 9.to speak with contempt:sneer 10.to speak fanatically:rave 根据下列动物的属性,指出他们的象征意义: 1.ant :frugality and provision 2.ape :uncleanness,malice,lust 3.bat :blindness 4.bear :ill —temper 5.bee :industey 6.bull :strength 7.calf :lumpshness 8.camel :submission 9.cat :deceit 10.cock :vigilance11.crocodile :hypocrisy 12.crow :longevity13.dog :fidelity 14.dove :innocence15.eagle :majesty 16.elephant :sagacity17fly :feebleness 18.fox :cunning19goose :conceit 20.hare :timidity下列名词都来自古英语,写出与下列名词对应的源拉丁语的形容词:1.brother:fraternal2.Cat:feline3.child:puerile4.daughter:filial5.day:diurnal6.dog:canine7.ear:auricular8.earth:terrestrial9.egg:oval 10.eye:ocular 11.father:paternal 12.fire:igneous 13.foe:hostile 14.fox:vulpine 15.friend:amicable16.hand:manual 17.head:capital 18.heart:cordial 19.heaven:celestial 20.horse:equine 21.husband:marital22.kidney:renal 23.knight:equestrian 24.life:vital25.light:lucid 26.lip:labial 27.man:humank:lactic 29.mind:mental 30.moon:lunar 31.mother:maternal 32.mouth:oral :nominal 34.night:nocturnal 35.nose:nasal 36.ox:bovine 37.room:spacious 38.sea:marine 39. sheep:ovine 40.sight:visible 41.skin:cutaneous 42.son:filial 43.spring:vernal 44.stream:fluvial 45.star:stellar 46.sun:solar47.time:temporal 48.tongue:lingual 49.tooth:dental 50.town:urban 51.tree:arboreal 52.truth:veracious 53.war:bellicose 54.water:aqueous 55.wife:conjugal 56.world:mundane 57.worm:vermicular 58.woman:feminine 59.youth:juvenile 60.book :literaey 选择适当的单词填入句子 1.He waited with( bated) breath. 2.The brother and sister are both (blondes). 3.There is a (break)in the clouds. 4.Her (bridal) grown was trimmed with lace. 5.A (pedal) of the bicycle fell off. 6.Cromwell (reigned) over England like a king. 7.The wreckers began to (raze) the building. 8.Although we watched carefully,the guard remained (stationary) for one hour. 9.Edgar cannot sail until he has a full (complement) of men for his crew,and ….. 10.Eric was a tireless scholar,he would (pore)over his books without a break until…. 将下列各组词分别填入句子 A 1 .John’nature was so (sanguine) that we all felt cheered up…. 2. The battle was so (sanguinary) that hardly a combatant …... B 1. We could not have a worse judge than the one we had,he was completely (uninterested) in the case and ….. 2. We could not have a better judge than Judge Blandford; he was friendly,knowledgeable,and above all completely (disinterested). C 1. Although we played them on even terms for the first half,the second half was a (rout). 2. To get to our cottage you follow (route)…. D 1. The (official) in charge of the game… 2. Time was so (officious)in his new job….. E 1. The dress was made of synthetic ( material). 2. The general needs more troops and (materiel). F 1. The (moral) of the story…. 2. The (morale) of our troops is high. G 1. All men are (fallible). 2.The argument,convincing ……..to be (fallacious). H 1. Some say Shakespeare takes (precedence) over all …. 2. There was no (precedent)for the granting of a …. I 1. John,who was sulle n and (taciturn) by nature,found that …. 2. They arrived at a (tacit) agreement. J 1.The building plans are (impracticable). 2.My husband …..,but he is so (unpractical)that he cannot … 用英语解释下列句子中help 及其派生词的意义 1.If you want to lose some weight,Jim,you must start avoiding second helpings.(second servings) 2.“God help me !”he murmured …..(protest) 3.He gave us a helping hand when we were in trouble.(i.e.he helped us) 4. Yes,I know he ’s a rascal,but I can ’t help liking him.( i.e.I can ’t but like him) 5.Did you have any help from anyone with …..(assistance) 6.Don ’t be away longer than you can help.(avoid) 7.I do think you could have been a bit more helpful .(ready or willing to assist) 8.“Help!Help! I’m drowning !”(Save me) 9.I am very sorry but I can’t help it .( i.e.I can’t do otherwise) 10. Can I help you in any way ?(assist you) 11. We are a bit hard up this month,my dear,so don’t spend more than you can help .(avoid) 12. Give me only a very small helping,please.(serving) 13. I ’m telling you the truth,so help me God!( i.e.May God punish me if I am not ！) 14.We’re awfully sorry that we were giggling –but we couldn’t help it .( i.e.do anything to stop it ) 15.Would you help me to carry this suitcase,please?(assist) 16.Would you help me to some potatoes,please ?( i.e.serve me with) 17.Your liver is not in a very good condition …….if I could help it .(avoid) 18.Your presence was extremely helpful,…(i.e.it gave great assistance) 19.The helping you gave me would have fed a football team !(serving) 20.The whisky is on the table …Help yourself.( i.e.Take what you want,when you want it ) 写出下列各组同义词的共同基本意义 1Sorrow,grief,anguish …..(distress of mind ) 2Bad,evil,wicked,…(not ethically acceptable ) 3Regard,respect ,esteem …(to recognize the worth of a person or thing ) 4Disprove,refute, confute …(to show or try to show by presenting evidence thar something is not true) 5.Incline,bias,dispose …(to influence one to have or take an attitude toward something ) 6.Level,flat,plane …(having a surface without bends,curves or irregularities ) 7.Generous,liberal,liberate,….(giving freely and unstingily) 8.Free,release,liberate, …(to loose from constraint or restraint ) 9.Frank,candid,open …(show willingness to say what one things or feels) 10Envious,jealous (begrudging another ’s possession of something ).;.11Assert,declare,affirm,protest …(to state or put forward positively,usually in anticipation of or in the face denial or objection ) 12. Aggressive,militant,assertive …(conspicuously or obtrusively active or energetic ) 13.Agile,polite ….(acting or moving with easy alacrity) 14.Civil,polite,gallant …(observant of forms required by good breeding ) 15.V ociferous,clamorous,blatant,…(so loud or insistent as to compel attention) 16.Bear,suffer,endure …(to put up with something trying or painful ) 17.Decrease,lessen,diminish …(to grow or make less ) 18.Heritage,inheritance,patrimony …(something received from a parent or predecessor) 19.Keep retain,detain ..(to hold in one ’s possession or under one ’s control) 20.Bare,naked nude …(deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering) 指出并改正误用词语 1.The convict paced within the ….(confound) 应改为 (confines) 2.I remember the name,but …..(replace )…(recall) 3.His antisocial behaviour results from lack of…..(formidable)… (formative) 4.When I grow up I want to be a…..(pronouncer)…(announcer) 5.He left enough leave-way for ….(leave -way)…(leeway) 6.The flagrance of her….(flagrance)…(fragrance) 7.I found the Oriental dishes….(palpable) …(palatable) 8.The corpse had been so dissected over….(dissected)…(dislocated) 9.The colonel’s appearance was so marital with….(marital )…(martial) 10.Our elementary needs were planned for…..(elementary)..(alimentary) 11.It is hoped that this course will enlarge….(perimeter)…(parameter) 12.If we look long enough in this material we…(statue)…(statute) 13.He desserted his friends just wh en they needed him .(desserted)…(deserted) 14.Kurt had been innocuous against influenza,but he….(innocuous)…(inoculated) 15.Eric was so ingenuous about household….(ingenuous)..(ingenious) 16.The dinosaurs may have been unable to adopt …(adopt)…(adapt) 17.After their brief alteration they shook hands,…(alteration )..(altercation) 18.The game came to a climatic finish with …(climatic)…(climactic) 19.The mountain lions are all extant in the mountains; not….(extant)…(extinct) 20.Mother’s dreams were irreverent to the …(irreverent)..(irrelevant) 用否定前缀写出下列单词的反义词 1arm:disarm 2.honour:dishonor 3.join:disjoin 4.legible:illegible 5.legitimate:illegitimate 6.mature:immature 7.moderate:immoderate 8.fertile:infertile 9.sanitary:insanitary 10.resolute:irresolute 11.reverent:irreverent 12.trust:mistrust 13.fit:misfit 14.understand:misunderstand 15.adjacent:nonadjacent 16.existence:nonexistence 17.alliance:non-alliance 18.conscious:unconscious 19.intelligence:unintelligent 20.symmetrical:unsymmetrical 找出下列各组同义词相应的反义词 A1.fast(slow) 2.rapid(leisurely) 3quick(sluggish) 4.hasty (deliberate) 5.speedy(dilatory) B. 1.beautiful (ugly) 2.pretty (plain) 3.fair (foul) 4.lovely (unlovely) C. e (go) 2.arrive (depart) 3 .reach (leave ) 4 .gain (lose ) D.1.happiness (misery) 2.joy (sorrow) 3.delight(distress) 4.enjoyment (suffering) 下列各词都经历了词义范围的变化,a 演变前b 演变后,判断词义是扩大还是缩小; 1.starve 缩小 a.to die b.die or suffer acute ly from hunger 2.person 缩小 a.person b.paster 3.box 扩大 a.containter made of boxwood b.container in general 4.beef 缩小 a.ox b.meat of the ox 5.citizen 扩大 a.city b.inhabitant of state or nation 6.voyage 缩小 a.journey b.journey by water l 扩大 a.place for grinding b.place for milking things 8.frock 扩大 a.garment of a monk b.various kinds of garments 9.dismantle 扩大 a.to strip of dress or mantle b.to strip of furniture or equipment 10.campus 缩小 a.field b.grounds of a college 11.operate 缩小 a.to perform any operation b.to performance a surgical operation 12.charge 扩大 a.load;burden b.task; responsibility,price,etc. 13.drowse 缩小 a.to sink b.to sink into sleep yman 扩大 a.one who is not of clergy b.one who is not an expert 15.ferry 缩小 a.to carry b.to transport across a river 16.chant 缩小 a.to sing b.to intone 17.butcher 扩大 a.one who kills he-goats b.one who kills animals for food 18.chamber 扩大 a.room b.room; legislative body,etc. 19.hound 缩小 a.dog b.hunting dog 20.tail 扩大 a.hairy caudal appendage of an animal b.anything like an animal ’s tail in form or position 现代英语中专门术语进入日常生活并扩大了词义,找出与下列术语对应的一般意义 1.alibi excuse 2.scenario description of a possible 3.charismatic having popular appeal pulsive habitual 5.catalyst any stimulus in hastening a result 6.ambiance quality,feeling,etc.of a place 7.osmosis subtle or gradual absorption or mingling 8.psychology mental processes 9.syndrome distinctive or characteristic patern of behaviour 10.subliminal of which one is not consciously aware 11.parameter determining factor .characteristic 12.philosophy practical opinion or body of opinions plex obsession of any kind 14.schizophrenia any mental or emotional disorder 15.interface connection 16.neurotic nervous,eccentric,given to worry 17.sadism cruelty 18.bottom line conclusion,clincher 19.paradigm typical example of sth 20.exhibitionism showing off 下列词经历了词义褒贬的变化,a 和b 是演变前后的词义,判断是褒义化还是贬义化 1.sturdy 褒 a.stern stubborn reckless b.stout vigorous firm 2.reek 贬 a.smoke b.stink 3.counterfeit 贬 a.to copy to reproduce b.to imitate with intent to deceive 4.fame 褒 a.rumour report b.celebrity renown 5.mischievous 褒 a.disastrous b.playfully annoying 6.civil 褒 a.of itizens b.cultured; courteous 7.smirk 贬 a.smile b.simper 8.glamour 褒 a.spell; enchantment b.attractiveness;allure 9.busybody 贬 a.busy person b.officious and meddlesome person 10.churl 贬 a.freeman b.boor; niggard 11.luxury 褒 a.lust b.sumptuousness 12.err 贬 a.wander b.go astray 13.chiffon 褒 a.rag b.sheer fabric of silk,etc. 14.brook 贬 a.to enjoy ; to make use of b.to endure; to tolerate 15.elocution 贬 a.style of speaking b.studied or artificial style of speaking 16.fair 贬 a.beautiful;pleasant b.moderate ; tolerable 17.sergeant 褒 a.servant b.non-commissioned officer 18.dizzy 褒 a.foolish b.vertiginous 19.inquisition 贬 a.investigation b.persecution 20.sophisticated 褒 a.overly complex or refined b.sufficiently complex or knowing 动物名称比喻人,还可转化为动词描绘人的动作,说明下列词的隐喻意义 A.动物名词 1.bull 粗壮的男子 2.butterfly 举止轻浮的人(尤指妇女) 3.cat 刁钻或居心叵测的女子 4.dove 温柔或纯真的妇女,儿童;鸽派(美国) 5.goose 傻瓜 6.hawk 掠夺成性的人;骗子;鹰派(美国) 7.jackal 为虎作伥的人;狗腿子 mb 温顺的人;小宝贝 9.lion 勇猛异常的男人 10.magpie 喋喋不休的人 11.mule 执拗或顽固的人 12.phoenix 超群出众的人 13.pig 肮脏或贪吃的人;警察猪猡 14.puss 少女或小姑娘 15.serpent 阴险的毒辣的人 16.sheep 忸怩,温驯或胆小的人 17.skunk 卑鄙可恶的人 18.sucker 容易上当受骗的人 19.swine 下流坯;鄙俗的人 20.vixen 泼妇 B.动物名称转化为动词 1.to crow over 洋洋自得 2.to ferret 搜索 3.to fish for 探求；绕弯打听 4.to gull 欺骗,使人上当 5.to hound 追逐逼迫 6.to monkey 胡闹；嘲弄；模仿 7.to parrot 机械仿效,随声附和 8.to rat 变节,告密 9.to shark 诈骗.勒索 10.to snake 蜿蜒前进；拖曳 隐喻的基础是形状,功能,褒贬的类似,据此区别以下斜体词语属哪种类型 1.the tail of a procession 形状 2.a ray of hope 功能 3.a wolf in sheep ’s clothing 贬义 4.an early bird 褒义 5.piercing sound 功能 6.a flight of fancy 功能 7.the cup of the valley 形状 8.crocodile tears 贬义 9.forks of the road 形状 10.to rivet one ’s gaze 形状 11.golden hours 褒义 12.a saddle in the mountains 形状 13.loud colours 功能 14.stony politeness 贬义 15.the mantle of darkness 功能 16.Richad the Lion-Heart 褒义 17.torments of jealousy 功能 18.the ribs of vault 形状 19.a watery style of writing 贬义 20.skyrocketing prices 形状 21.the book of time 功能 22.a loan shark 贬义 23.to bridle one ’s anger 功能 24.a smart invention 褒义 25.the head of the school 功能 26.to dive into a book 形状 27.to lend wings to someone 功能 28.a mere wisp of a girl 形状 29.the lungs of a city 形状 30.an unlicked cub 贬义 提喻是局部和整体之间的替代.判断下列A 组各词和B 组中的黑体词是局部喻整体(1)还是整体喻局部(2) 所喻意义 A1.head cattle 1 2.redbreast robin 1 3.corn maize 2 4.roof house or home 1 5.cattle cows 2 6.wheels automobiles 1 7.blade sword 1 8.cutthroat murderer 1 9.the smiling year spring 2 10.hard tails mules 1 11.to dial to telephone 1 12.fox/beaver the fur of the animal 2 B. 1.a motor trip/the motor industry 1 2.meat and drink 1 3.a mink coat 2 4.a basket of provisions 2 5.to have a word with someone 1 6.to tread a measure 2 7.All hands on deck! 1 8.The law was there in force. 2 写出下面委婉用语所代替的词 1.to refresh oneself: to eat 2.deranged: mad 3.necropolis: cemetery 4.perspiration: sweat 5.unwise: foolish 6.expectorate: spit 7.indigestion : overeating 8.inexpressibles: trousers 9nether garments: pants 10.loan-office: pawnshop 11.non-whites :blacks 12.in an interesting condition: pregnant 13public comfort station :toilet 14.deuce: devil 15Golly : God d: Lord 17prevaricate : lie id to rest: buried 19paying-guests: tenants 20.to be no more: to die 简化下列复合名词并译成汉语 1.banner headline:banner 头号标题 2.howler hat:bowler 圆顶大礼帽 3.crepe paper:crepe 绉织物(如绉绸、绉布等) 4.dandy-cart:dandy 二轮小车 5.duck egg:duck 零分 6.flashback:flash 倒叙 7.hoarfrost:hoar 白霜 8.human being:human 人 9.jacquard loom:jacquard 提花机 10.jockstrap:jock(运动员等用的)下身护体 11.porter ’s knot:knot 垫肩 12.kraft paper:kraft 牛皮纸 13.turning-lathe:lathe 车床 14.poet laureate:laureate 桂冠诗人 15.eyelid:lid 眼睑 16.linen paper:linen 亚麻纸 17.road metal:metal 碎石料 18.smelling salts:salts 嗅盐 19.sapwood:sap 白木质 20.Teddy boy:Teddy 无赖青年 指出各对同义词的本族语词 1.beak-bill 2.break -sever 3.feed -nourish 4.amity-friendship 5.prevent-hinder 6.begin -commence 7.womanly -feminine 8.wet -humid 9.solitary-lonely 10.people-folk 11.deep -profound 12.exterior-outer 13.cordial-hearty 14.dale -valley 15.have -possess 16.conceal-hid e 17deed-action 18.holy -sacred 19.give -present 20.aid-help 21.inner -interior 22.deadly -mortal 23.motherly -maternal 24.question-ask 25.masculine -manly 26.buy -purchase 27.thin -tenuous 28.earthly -terrestrial 29.royal-kingly 30.fatherly -paternal 31violin-fiddle 32.domestic-homely 33.mount-rise 34.world -universe 35.answer -reply 36.celestial -heavenly 37.vivacious-lively 38.bodily -corporal 39.brotherhood -fraternity 40.aqueous-watery 英译汉 1.Chinese cabbage 白菜 2.chinese spinach 菠菜 3.Chinese date 枣子 4.Chinese eddo 芋头 5.Chinese gooseberry 猕猴桃 6.Chinese oil 桐油 7.Chinese goose 鸿雁 8.Chinese wall 长城 9.Chinese block 木鱼 10.Chinese boxes 套盒 11.Chinese ink 墨 12.Chinese puzzle 七巧板 13.Chinese red 橙红色 14.Chinese lantern 灯笼 15.Chinese chequers 跳棋 16.Chinese calendar 农历 17.Chinese herbal medicine 中草药 18.Chinese restaurant syndrome 中国餐厅综合症 将下列科学术语译成汉语: 1、aerotrain:飞行火车 2.artificial intelligence:人工智能 3.astrobiology:太空生物学 4.barratrics:肥胖症治疗法 5.callositics:遗传分类学 6.cogeneration:废热发电 7.cosmodon:太空站 8.cryonics:人体冷冻学 9.cytoecology:细胞生态学 10.datamation:自动化数据处理 11.dysgenesis:发育不良 12.ecosphere:生态层 13.euphenics:优种学 14.exocrinology:外分泌学 15.fetology:胎儿学 16.fibre optics:纤维光学 17.hard science:硬科学(指自然科学) 18.inertia welding:惯性焊接 rmation retrieval:信息检索 unch vehicle:运载火箭 21.linear algebra:线性代数 22.macroinstruction:宏观指令 23.marsquake:火星地震 24.microprocessor:微型电脑 25.neonatology:新生儿生理学 26.nerve agent:神经毒剂 27.oncogenicity:致癌性 28.parameter:参数,参量 29.photobotany:光植物学 30.planetology:行星学 31.plasma physics:等离子物理学 32.quantum chemistry:量子化学 33.retro-rocketry:制动火箭学 34.revascularization:换血管术 35.saucerman:外太空人 36.sealab:海底实验室 37.selenodesy:月面测量学 38.test-tube baby:试管婴儿 39.thermal breeder-reactor:热增殖反应堆 40.videophone:电视电话 将下列新复合词译成汉语: 1.after-sale service:售后服务 2.apartment complex:公寓建筑群 3.arm wrestling:扳手腕 4.bad-mouth:恶意中伤 5.bait-and switch:“上钩掉包”诱售法的 6.beam weapon:激光束武器 7.bed-in:露宿示威 8.body language:身势语 9.bubble top:(汽车)透明防弹圆罩 10.buzz word:时髦词语 11.convenient food:方便食品 12.cruise missile:巡航导弹 13.cup-tied:参加优胜杯决赛的 14.dark comedy:黑色喜剧 15.data bank:数据库 16.day-care:日托的 17.diet pill:减肥丸 18.dunk shot:篮球塞射(砸篮) 19.family planning:计划生育 20.flick-knife:弹簧折刀 21.floor exercise:自由体操 22.free-associate:自由联想 23.happy hour:(酒吧)减价供应饮料的时间 24.honey wagon:垃圾车 25.hot-dog:太棒了 26.man-on-man:(球赛)人盯人 27.overhead walkway:行人大桥 28.pop-top/ring pull:易拉罐 29.pop wine:果味甜酒 30.rent strike:集体抗租 31.retort pouch:软装罐头 32.shunpike:驾车走支路 33.sick-out:集体托病怠工 34.shinny-dip:裸泳 35.sober-up:解酒的 36.space talk:宇航术语 37.spy-in-the-sky:侦查卫星 38.talk show/chat show:名人现场采访节目 39.value-added tax:增值税 40.vanity surgery:美容外科 将下列各词的英式拼写改为美式拼写: 1.draught: draft 2.plough: plow 3.litre: liter 4.offence: offense 5.pyjamas: pajamas 6.cheque: check 7.flyer: flier 8.scepticism: skepticism 9.harbour:harbor 10.ensure: insure 11.cosy: cozy 12.manoeuvre: maneuver 13.civilise: civilize 14.anaemic: anemic 15.gaol:jail 16.inflexion: inflection 17.moustache: mustache 18.oesophagus: esophagus 19.queue: cue 20.shew: show 将下列各词的英式拼写简化为美式拼写: 1.counsellor:counselor 2.remould: remold 3.axe: ax 4.cigarette: cigaret 5.jewellery:jewelry 6.omelette: omelet 7.storey: story 8.good-bye: good-by 9.speciality: specialty 10.towards: toward 11.waggon: wagon 12.catalogue: catalog 13.aluminium: aluminum 14.levelled: leveled 15.moult:molt 16.programme: program 17.judgement: judgment 18.licence: license 19.amidst: amid 20.practice,practise: practice 用一个英语单词代替下列成语: 1.of one’s own accord: voluntarily 2.exchange blows with: fight 3.get away: escape 4.on the nail: immediately 5.play false: betray 6.a slap in the face: insult 7.in a body: collectively 8.make head or tail of: understand 9.behind the times: unfashionable e across: discover 11.under false colours: falsely 12.make away with: destroy 13.from time to time: occasionally 14.call on :visit 15.neither rhyme nor reason:nonsense 16.throw cold water on: discourage 17.by the way: incidentally 18.by word of mouth: verbally 19.lord and master: husband 20.behind closed doors: privately 将下列名词性成语译成汉语: 1.the ace of trumps:主要的王牌,最有力的理由或要据. 2.an apple of discord:争端,祸根 3.the apple of one ’s eye:珍爱的人或东西 4.a beast of burden:驮畜 5.a bed of roses:称心如意个环境 6.a bird of passage:候鸟,漂泊不定的人 7.a fish out of water:不适应环境的人 8.a Jack of all trades 杂而不精的人 9.the lion ’s share:最大的一份 10.a lion in the tongue:拦路虎(尤指臆想的危难) 11.a slip of the tongue:口误。
英语词汇学各章试题
英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or formsof words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of theform and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis,syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices oflinguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning,origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines andacademic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members ofparticular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems tostand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to thesub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectalwords12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are nowrestricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that havetaken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words.They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are alsocalled _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____ofwords.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structuresof English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology,______,etymology, stylistics, ________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namelysynchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CI.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabularyII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIII.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best completethe statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be grouped intothe basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian,Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish andSwedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many ofthose in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into an Easternset: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII.16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English V ocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes tostem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Wordsformed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of anotherword . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using whatremains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) （） D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes（）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objectiveworld in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words haveboth meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10.___is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historicalperiod, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the personor thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudesD. understanding12. ___ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh,dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectivemeanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD.collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. differentwords15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specificcountryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggesttheir ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings ofmany are the sum total of the morphemes combined.18._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning of a word.19.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. Inother words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. 20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and_________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )IV.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45. affectivemeaningV.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VI.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:1. C2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.C8.D9.A 10.B11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CI.16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaningII.21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIII.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VII.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, which makethem appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Words thathave emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it isthat part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best completethe statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meaningsproceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first senseby successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly thesame essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . Thefirst meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.One important criterion for differentiation of homonyms from polysemants is to see their ____, the secondprincipal consideration is ________.17.In dictionaries, a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one ______whereas homonyms are listed asseparate ______.18.The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas : _______, connotation ,and _____.19.Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. That is, the meaning of a more specific word isincluded in that of another more general word. The general words are called the _____terms and the more specific words are called the _____ terms.20.The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number ofmeaning areas. Some large, such as ‘philosophy’or ‘emotions’, other smaller, such as ‘kinship’or ‘color’.Viewing the total meaning in this way is the basis of ______.III. Match the words or expression in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) discrimination of synonyms 2) types of antonyms 3) sources of synonyms.A B21. difference in denotation ( ) A. dead/alive22. borrowing ( ) B. handy/ manual23. dialects and regional English ( ) C. old / young24. contradictory terms ( ) D. answer the letter / reply to the letter25. figurative and euphemistic use of words ( ) E. jim26. contrary terms ( ) F. want/wish/desire27. difference in connotation ( ) G. dreamer /star-gazer28. coincidence with idiomatic expressions ( ) H. employer / employee29. difference in application ( ) I. help/ lend one a hand30. relative terms ( ) J. foe / enemyIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of synonyms 2) origins of homonyms 3) processes of word-meaning development.31.neck ( ) 32. word building/word formation ( )33. candidate ( ) 34. bow/bau/ and bow /beu/ ( )35. NOW ( ) 36. dear/ deer ( )37.ear from ear ( ) 38. fair from feria ( )39. bank /bank ( ) 40. change / alter/vary ( )。
词汇学期末复习题（附参考答案）
名词解释（10选5，一个4分）词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word. 词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. 一词多义=Polysemy =Polysemy means means means that that that one one one single single single word word word has has has two two two or or or more more senses at the same time. 同形异义=Homonyms =Homonyms are are are different different words words with with with the the the same same same form form (spelling or pronunciation) 完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning. 同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning. 同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning. 同义关系=Synonymy Synonymy is is is a a a relationship relationship relationship of of of “sameness “sameness “sameness of of of meaning” meaning” that may hold between two words. 反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words. 上下义关系=Hyponymy is the sense relationship that relates words hierarchically. The underlying observation is that some words have a more general meaning, while others have a more specific meaning, while referring to the same entity. 问答题（6选3，一题10分）分）1. (1)What does onomatopoetic motivation mean?(2)What does semantic motivation mean?(3)Dose it contradict the statement that there is no natural connection between sound and meaning?Answer: (1)Onomatopoeic motivation means means defining defining defining the the the principle principle principle of of motivation by sound. (2)Semantic motivation means that motivation is based on semantic factors. (3)Facts (3)Facts have have have proved proved proved this this this argument argument to to be be be valid. valid. valid. W W ords ords that that convey convey the the the same same same meaning meaning meaning have have have different different different phonological phonological phonological forms forms forms in in different languages – (for example, English meat / mi:t /,Chinese ròròu. u. u. Alternatively, Alternatively, the the same same same phonological phonological phonological forms forms forms may may may convey convey different meanings - for example, sight, site, cite.) 2. How many kinds of meaning are there in English?Answer: Answer: There There There are are are 8 8 8 kinds kinds kinds of of of meaning meaning meaning in in in English, English, English, including including grammatical meaning, lexical meaning, denotative meaning, associative meaning, connotative meaning, social (stylistic) meaning, affective meaning, collocative meaning. 3. (1)What is context?(2)What role dose context play in linguistic communication? （以下答案摘自网络，回答稍冗长，请适当精简）Answer: (1)Context in its traditional sense refers to the lexical items that precede or follow a given word. And there is linguistic context, refers refers to to to the the the words, words, words, clauses, clauses, clauses, sentences, sentences, sentences, paragraphs, paragraphs, paragraphs, or or or whole whole books books in in in which which which a a a word word word appears. appears. appears. And And And extra-linguistic extra-linguistic extra-linguistic context, context, which which refers refers refers to to to a a a particular particular particular time, time, time, space, space, space, or or or culture culture culture in in in which which which a a word word appears. appears. appears. There There There also also also is is is lexical lexical lexical context: context: context: the the the lexemes lexemes lexemes that that co-occur with the word in question. The meaning of the word is affected or determined by the neighboring lexemes. (2)Context can function as followed: eliminating ambiguity; conveying emotional overtones; indicating referents and the range of the meaning of a word. 4.5. (1)What are the major types of synonymy?(2)(3)Explain those types with examples.Answer: (1)In (1)In general, general, general, English English English synonyms synonyms synonyms can can can be be be divided into divided into two two types: types: complete synonyms and relative synonyms. (2)Absolute synonyms are words whose meaning is fully identical in any context so that one can always be substituted for the other without t he slightest change in the slightest change in meaning. For example: （例子自己找）（例子自己找）(3)Relative synonyms refers to which denote different shades of meaning meaning or or or different different different degrees degrees degrees of of of a a a given given given quality. quality. quality. This This This kinds kinds kinds of of synonyms are the same in some degree such as （例子自己找）（例子自己找）6. (1)What are the major types of antonymy?(2)(3)(4)(5)Explain those types with examples.Answer: (1)There are four types of antonymy, including complementaries, gradable antonyms, relational opposites and semantic incompatibles (2)Complementaries (2)Complementaries refer refer refer to to to pairs pairs pairs of of of words words words that that that represent represent represent an an either/or relation. （例子找书去）（例子找书去）(3) Antonyms Antonyms of of of this this this type type type are are are best best best viewed viewed viewed in in in terms terms terms of of of a a a scale scale running running between between between two two two poles poles poles or or or extremes. extremes. extremes. The The The two two two opposites opposites opposites are are gradable. （例子找书去）（例子找书去）(4)The substitution of one member for the other does not change the the meaning of a sentence if it is accompanied by the change of meaning of a sentence if it is accompanied by the change of subject and object. （例子找书去）（例子找书去）（例子找书去） (5) (5) The The The words words words in in in a a a group group group of of semantic semantic incompatibles incompatibles incompatibles are are are in in contrast to the other members of the group, showing a contrastingness relationship between word and word （例子找书去）去）7. What are the possible causes of language change?(由于网上答案太泛，思路混乱，因此直接将课本原话翻译过来作为答案。
英语词汇学及答案
英语词汇学第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The ‘pen' is mightier than the ‘sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.英语词汇学第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D 10. B11. B 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或 pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I 22. C 23. F 24. B 25. E26. D 27. J 28. G 29. H 30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点： Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%) 49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.。
英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版
下列定义所表示的名称:1.a minimum unit of meaning :(morpheme)2.a morpheme to which affixescan be added : (root)3.a linguistic form that can occur as an independent word: (free form)4.a morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme: (bound form)5.a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem): (affix)6.an affix attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem ): (prefix)7.an affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem) : (suffix)8.an affix (in English,usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning: (inflectional affix)9.the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words: (derivation)10.the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independently : (compounding)各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义:1.acoustic,acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:(acou-听,GK)2aerodomestics,erodrome,erodynamic,aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite,aerography,aeronauti cs,aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere: (aero-空气GK)3.agenda,agent,agile, active,actor,actual,enact,inactive,transact,interact,react:(ag-,ac-做L)4.agrarian,agricultural,agriculture,agrimotor,agrobiology,agrochemical,agrology,agronom ic,agronomy,agrostology,agrotechnique,agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype: (agr-土地L)5.altimeter,altimetry,altitude,alto,exalt,contralto: (alt-高L)6.amateur,amatory,amiable,amicable,amorous,enamoured,unamiable:(am-,amor-爱L)7.Ample,ampleness,amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude,radioam plifier: (ampl-充足L)8.annals,annual,perennial,centennial,annuity,biennial: (ann-年L)9anthropology,philanthropist,misanthropical,anthropotomy,anthropogeneses,anthropogra phy,anthropophagus: (anthrop- 人类GK)10aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium,aquatic,aqueous,aquiculture,aquosity ,subaquatic,subaqueous,terraqueous,aqueduct: (aqu-水L)11archangel,archbishop,arch-criminal,archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend: (arch- 首要GK)12asterisk,asterism,asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology,astr onautics,astronavigation,astronomer,astronomy: (astr- 星GK)13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer,atmeter,atmoseal,atmospherics:(atmo-气体GK)14audible,audibility,inaudible,audience,audiology,audio-visual,audiometer,audiophile,aud iophile,audition,auditor,auditorium: (aud- 听L)15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat,autobus,autochrome,autoclave,autocrat,autograph,au toinfection,automate,automatic,automation,automobile,autonomy,autotruck,autotype: (auto- 自己GK)16barodynamics,barogram,barograph,barometric,barothermograph:(bar-压力GK)17bathymeter,bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph:(bathy-深海的GK)18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology,bibliolater,bibliomania,bibliophile,bibliophilis m,bibliopole,bibliotheca,bibliotic,bibliotist: (biblio- 书籍GK)19bioassay,biocatalyst,biochemistry,biocide,bioclean,bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy,bioelectri city,biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology,bionics,bioscope ,biosyntheses,biotic: (bio- 生命GK)20.Breve,breviary,brevirostrate,brevity,brief,abbreviate,abridge: (bre- 简短L)用否定前缀in-(及其变体),non-,un-构成下列单词的反义词:mature:im regular:ir considerate:in noble:in contentious:non legitimate:il metal:non passive:im ferrous:non accuracy:in endurable:un variance:in inductive: non legible:il reasonable:un rational:ir scrupulous:un staple: non balance:im legalize:il写出下列单词中前缀的意义:antecedent: before byproduct: near apocope: off enclose: in endobiotic: inside epitaph: outside expire: out foretell: before hypocrite: beneath include: in infrared: under intercede: between: intramural: within introspect: into outbid: exceeding overwork: beyond postgraduate: after precede: before proceed: forward retrospect:back subscribe: below superman: above supramundane: beyond transmit: across ultraconservatism: extreme以所列的单词为第一个成分,根据定义写出复合名词(A)green: 1.a stretch of land,round a town,where building is not allowed,so that fields woods,etc,remain:greenbelt 2.a shop-keeper who sells vegetables and fruit:greengrocer3.a young,inexperienced person,especially male,who is easily cheated: greenhorn4.a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors musicians,etc.,can rest when not performing :greenroom(B)hand: 1.a small bag for a woman to carry her money and personal things in: handbag2.a short book giving all the most important information about a subject: handbook3.an apparatus that stops a vehicle,worked by the driver’s hand: handbreak4.a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto,especially near stairs: handrail(C)after:１.The care or treatment to someone after a period in hospital,prison,etc: aftercare 2.an effect (usually unpleasant) that follows some time after the cause or after the main effect: aftereffect 3.a taste that stays in the mouth after the food that caused it in no longer there : aftertaste 4.an idea that comes later: afterthought (D)sleeping: １a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping in when camping:sleeping bag ２a railway carriage with beds for passengers:sleeping car３a pill which helps a person to sleep:sleeping pill４.a partner in a business who takes no active part in its operation: sleeping partner (E) running :1. a person with whom another is running for a pair of political positions of greater or less importance,especially those of President and vice-Prisident: running mate 2. handwriting in which the letters are slanted and the words formed without lifting the pen : running hand 3.a headline repeated on consecutive pages (as of a book):running head 4.a footboard especially at the side of an automobile: running board(F)wash: 1.a large fixed basin for water for washing one’s hands and face: washbasin2.a movable board with a wavy surface against which clothes may be rubbed when washing: washboard3.a woman whose job is to wash clothes,often in her own home:washerwoman4.a cloth that is used for washing one’s face and body : washcloth (G)sun:1.the condition of having sore skin after experiencing the effects of strong sunlight:sunburn 2a flash of sunlight,especially through a break in clouds: sunburst3.the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins:sunset4.strong sunlight,as when there are no clouds:sunshine(H)break:1.aa sudden failure in operation:breakdown2.the unlawful cantering of a building,using force : break-in3.the action of forcing a way through the enemy: breakthrough4.a division int smaller parts:breakup(I)out:1.sudden appearance or beginning of something bad:outbreak2.a public show of anger:outcry3.money spent for a purpose :outlay4.a way through which something (usually a liquid or a gas )may go out: outlet将下列复合动词译成汉语Blue-pencil:修改,校正cold-shoulder:冷淡court-martial:对...进行军法审判Handcuff:将...上手铐pitch-fork:骤然；把...塞进sandbag:用沙袋阻塞Shipwreck:船只失事short-circuit:使短路snowball:(滚雪球似的)增长Wisecrack:说俏皮话找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词(答案为黑体字的原形)1.A shy,frightened child…”Name the Czar of Russia”2.At once the villagers formed a circle…3.Agamermnon with the rest of the Greek army sailed away..4.Almost before the Trojans could arm themselves..5.I began to see… would expect a large purse stuffed with..6.A few years ago the landlady locked the front7.An upstairs…,questioned the men and …8.The children headed toward school…9.Like the…,branching out…10.An hour went by and darkness still shrouded…11.They boarded boats12.The day-to-day…hard to measure,13.,smog results14.There are a few success stories in battling air…15.Pollution can be trapped before16.If nations traded item17.She’s the one who’s sapped your confidence.18.…,fairly well dressed but19.The young… by pocketing the money.20.But the preparation … to flake off even…形容词转动词(答案为黑体字的原形)1.Calming d own,…2.Such was Pompeii … has been cleared away.3.Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently4.…”helped raise the standard of living and lower the standard of air”5.…There his father opened a business…6.The Academy of Science was closed to him7.…to rise are cooled and…8.He emptied out…9.…,and it took half an hour to free him10.The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun.动词转名词(答案为黑体字的原形)1.Why is thisenormous increase in population …to the spread of the …2.…came to the aid of the surgeon…3.I know my friends from the feel of their faces.4.…personalities by touch5.…,between serves6.…of his slow grins7.…an appealing look.8.…has given rise to these…9.…as if it were a chew of tobacco.10.…get rid of Rex.写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称 auto workers end strike.(automobile)2.Soviet sub off Japan.(submarine)3.Palestinian demos mark massacres.(demonstrations):first use of nuke weapons not unlawful.(nuclear)5.Viet troops suffer setback in Kampuchea.(Vietnamese)6.Iran asks for into on stolen gems.(information)7.Petrochemical Corp builds 42 banks.(corporation)8.Rural-credit co-ops to get more autonomy.(cooperatives)9.W Europe acts to meet high-tech challenge.(high-technology)10.Setback for governing parties in Euro vote.(European)写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语1.AIM: Air Intercept Missile 空中截击导弹2.BADGE: Base Air Defence Ground Environment 基地防空地面警备系统3.BAR: Browning Automatic Rifle 勃朗宁自动步枪4.CAR: Civil Air Regulations 民航条例5.CORE: Congress of Racial Equality 争取权平等大会6.DOP: developing-out paper 相纸7.FIA T: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili 菲亚特汽车公司8.MAP: Military Aid Program 军事援助计划9.MOSS: manned orbital space station 在人轨道空站10.MOUSE: minimum orbital unmanned satellite the earth 不载人的最小地球卫星11.NANA: North America Newspaper Alliance 北美报业联盟12.NA TO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织13.OPEC;Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织14.SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks限制战略武器会谈15.SAM: surface-to-air missile 地对空导弹16.SEA TO: Southeast Asia Treaty Organizaion 东南亚条约组织17.SHAPE: Supreme Head quarters of Allied Powers in Europe 欧洲盟军最高司令部18.UFO :Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物19.Vera: Vision electronic recording apparatus 电子录像机20.Zip: Zone improvement plan 邮政编码制度写出下列复合动词是什么词逆生而来1.globe-trot:globe-trotter2..brainwash:brainwashing3.ghost-write:ghost-writer4.sleep-walk:sleep-walker5.spoon-feed:spoon-fed6.air-condition:air-conditioning7.book-keep:book-keeper 8.browbeat:browbeating9..caretake:caretaker 10.gatecrash:gatecrasher11.housebreak:housebreaker 12.housekeep:housekeeper13.mass-produce:mass-production 14.muckrake:muckraker15.proof-read:proof-reading 16.sightsee:sightseeing17.stage-manage:stage-manager 18.merry-make:merry-making19.street-walk:street-walker 20.window-shop:window-shopping下列概念意义可以用什么英语单词确切的表达出来:A.1.to walk laboriously,with effort:pold,trudge2.to walk like a duck:waddle3.to walk in a pompous or affected manner:struct4.to slide and drag the feet:stagger5.to walk in a loose,ungainly way:slouch6.to walk with long steps:stride7.to walk affectedly with short steps:mince8.to walk slowly,wasting time:dawdle9.to walk as if wearing slippers:shuffle10.to walk in a busy,active way:hustleB.1.to speak in a slow,prolonged manner:drawl2.to make involuntary breaks in utterance:stammer3.to express displeasure with compressed lips:mutter4.to talk rapidly,making inarticulate sounds:gabble5.to pronounce the sibilant letter imperfectly:lisp6.to have a friendly talk about family things:chat,yarn7.to spread idle gossipe:tattle8.to talk on and an about trifling,childish things:prattle9.to speak with contempt:sneer10.to speak fanatically:rave根据下列动物的属性,指出他们的象征意义:1.ant:frugality and provision2.ape:uncleanness,malice,lust3.bat:blindness4.bear:ill—temper5.bee:industey6.bull:strength7.calf:lumpshness 8.camel:submission9.cat:deceit 10.cock:vigilance11.crocodile:hypocrisy 12.crow:longevity13.dog:fidelity 14.dove:innocence15.eagle:majesty 16.elephant:sagacity17fly:feebleness 18.fox:cunning19goose:conceit 20.hare:timidity下列名词都来自古英语,写出与下列名词对应的源拉丁语的形容词:1.brother:fraternal2.Cat:feline3.child:puerile4.daughter:filial5.day:diurnal6.dog:canine7.ear:auricular 8.earth:terrestrial 9.egg:oval10.eye:ocular 11.father:paternal 12.fire:igneous13.foe:hostile 14.fox:vulpine 15.friend:amicable16.hand:manual 17.head:capital 18.heart:cordial19.heaven:celestial 20.horse:equine 21.husband:marital22.kidney:renal 23.knight:equestrian 24.life:vital25.light:lucid 26.lip:labial 27.man:humank:lactic 29.mind:mental 30.moon:lunar31.mother:maternal 32.mouth:oral :nominal34.night:nocturnal 35.nose:nasal 36.ox:bovine37.room:spacious 38.sea:marine 39. sheep:ovine40.sight:visible 41.skin:cutaneous 42.son:filial43.spring:vernal 44.stream:fluvial 45.star:stellar46.sun:solar 47.time:temporal 48.tongue:lingual49.tooth:dental 50.town:urban 51.tree:arboreal52.truth:veracious 53.war:bellicose 54.water:aqueous55.wife:conjugal 56.world:mundane 57.worm:vermicular58.woman:feminine 59.youth:juvenile 60.book:literaey选择适当的单词填入句子1.He waited with( bated) breath.2.The brother and sister are both (blondes).3.There is a (break)in the clouds.4.Her (bridal) grown was trimmed with lace.5.A (pedal) of the bicycle fell off.6.Cromwell (reigned) over England like a king.7.The wreckers began to (raze) the building.8.Although we watched carefully,the guard remained (stationary) for one hour.9.Edgar cannot sail until he has a full (complement) of men for hiscrew,and …..10.Eric was a tireless scholar,he would (pore)over his books without a breakuntil….将下列各组词分别填入句子A 1 .John’nature was so (sanguine) that we all felt cheered up….2. The battle was so (sanguinary) that hardly a combatant …...B 1. We could not have a worse judge than the one we had,he wascompletely (uninterested) in the case and …..2. We could not have a better judge than Judge Blandford; he wasfriendly,knowledgeable,and above all completely (disinterested).C 1. Although we played them on even terms for the first half,the second halfwas a (rout). 2. To get to our cottage you follow (route)….D 1. The (official) in charge of the game…2. Time was so (officious)in his new job…..E 1. The dress was made of synthetic ( material).2. The general needs more troops and (materiel).F 1. The (moral) of the story….2. The (morale) of our troops is high.G 1. All men are (fallible).2.The argument,convincing ……..to be (fallacious).H 1. Some say Shakespeare takes (precedence) over all ….2. There was no (precedent)for the granting of a ….I 1. John,who was sulle n and (taciturn) by nature,found that ….2. They arrived at a (tacit) agreement.J 1.The building plans are (impracticable).2.My husband …..,but he is so (unpractical)that he cannot …用英语解释下列句子中help 及其派生词的意义1.If you want to lose some weight,Jim,you must start avoiding second helpings.(secondservings)2.“God help me !”he murmured…..(protest)3.He gave us a helping hand when we were in trouble.(i.e.he helped us)4. Yes,I know he’s a rascal,but I can’t help liking him.( i.e.I can’t but like him)5.Did you have any help from anyone with …..(assistance)6.Don’t be away longer than you can help.(avoid)7.I do think you could have been a bit more helpful .(ready or willing to assist)8.“Help!Help! I’m drowning !”(Save me)9.I am very sorry but I can’t help it .( i.e.I can’t do otherwise)10. Can I help you in any way ?(assist you)11. We are a bit hard up this month,my dear,so don’t spend more than you canhelp .(avoid)12. Give me only a very small helping,please.(serving)13. I’m telling you the truth,so help me God!( i.e.May God punish me if I am not ！)14.We’re awfully sorry that we were giggling –but we couldn’t help it .( i.e.do anything tostop it )15.Would you help me to carry this suitcase,please?(assist)16.Would you help me to some potatoes,please ?( i.e.serve me with)17.Your liver is not in a very good condition …….if I could help it .(avoid)18.Your presence was extremely helpful,…(i.e.it gave great assistance)19.The helping you gave me would have fed a football team !(serving)20.The whisky is on the table…Help yourself.( i.e.Take what you want,when you want it )写出下列各组同义词的共同基本意义1Sorrow,grief,anguish …..(distress of mind )2Bad,evil,wicked,…(not ethically acceptable )3Regard,respect ,esteem …(to recognize the worth of a person or thing )4Disprove,refute, confute…(to show or try to show by presenting evidence thar somethingis not true)5.Incline,bias,dispose …(to influence one to have or take an attitude toward something )6.Level,flat,plane …(having a surface without bends,curves or irregularities )7.Generous,liberal,liberate,….(giving freely and unstingily)8.Free,release,liberate, …(to loose from constraint or restraint )9.Frank,candid,open…(show willingness to say what one things or feels)10Envious,jealous (begrudging another’s possession of something )11Assert,declare,affirm,protest …(to state or put forward positively,usually inanticipation of or in the face denial or objection )12. Aggressive,militant,assertive…(conspicuously or obtrusively active or energetic )13.Agile,polite….(acting or moving with easy alacrity)14.Civil,polite,gallant …(observant of forms required by good breeding )15.V ociferous,clamorous,blatant,…(so loud or insistent as to compel attention)16.Bear,suffer,endure …(to put up with something trying or painful )17.Decrease,lessen,diminish…(to grow or make less )18.Heritage,inheritance,patrimony…(something received from a parent orpredecessor)19.Keep retain,detain ..(to hold in one’s possession or under one’s control)20.Bare,naked nude …(deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering)指出并改正误用词语1.The convict paced within the ….(confound) 应改为(confines)2.I remember the name,but …..(replace )…(recall)3.His antisocial behaviour results from lack of…..(formidable)… (formative)4.When I grow up I want to be a…..(pronouncer)…(announcer)5.He left enough leave-way for ….(leave-way)…(leeway)6.The flagrance of her….(flagrance)…(fragrance)7.I found the Oriental dishes….(palpable) …(palatable)8.The corpse had been so dissected over….(dissected)…(dislocated)9.The colonel’s appearance was so marital with….(marital )…(martial)10.Our elementary needs were planned for…..(elementary)..(alimentary)11.It is hoped that this course will enlarge….(perimeter)…(parameter)12.If we look long enough in this material we…(statue)…(statute)13.He desserted his friends just wh en they needed him .(desserted)…(deserted)14.Kurt had been innocuous against influenza,but he….(innocuous)…(inoculated)15.Eric was so ingenuous about household….(ingenuous)..(ingenious)16.The dinosaurs may have been unable to adopt…(adopt)…(adapt)17.After their brief alteration they shook hands,…(alteration )..(altercation)18.The game came to a climatic finish with …(climatic)…(climactic)19.The mountain lions are all extant in the mountains; not….(extant)…(extinct)20.Mother’s dreams were irreverent to the …(irreverent)..(irrelevant)用否定前缀写出下列单词的反义词1arm:disarm 2.honour:dishonor 3.join:disjoin 4.legible:illegible5.legitimate:illegitimate6.mature:immature7.moderate:immoderate8.fertile:infertile9.sanitary:insanitary 10.resolute:irresolute 11.reverent:irreverent 12.trust:mistrust13.fit:misfit 14.understand:misunderstand 15.adjacent:nonadjacent16.existence:nonexistence 17.alliance:non-alliance 18.conscious:unconscious19.intelligence:unintelligent 20.symmetrical:unsymmetrical找出下列各组同义词相应的反义词A1.fast(slow) 2.rapid(leisurely) 3quick(sluggish) 4.hasty (deliberate) 5.speedy(dilatory)B. 1.beautiful (ugly) 2.pretty (plain) 3.fair (foul) 4.lovely (unlovely)C. e (go) 2.arrive (depart) 3 .reach (leave ) 4 .gain (lose )D.1.happiness (misery) 2.joy (sorrow) 3.delight(distress) 4.enjoyment (suffering)下列各词都经历了词义范围的变化,a演变前b演变后,判断词义是扩大还是缩小;1.starve 缩小 a.to die b.die or suffer acute ly from hunger2.person 缩小 a.person b.paster3.box 扩大 a.containter made of boxwood b.container in general4.beef 缩小 a.ox b.meat of the ox5.citizen 扩大 a.city b.inhabitant of state or nation6.voyage 缩小 a.journey b.journey by waterl 扩大 a.place for grinding b.place for milking things8.frock 扩大 a.garment of a monk b.various kinds of garments9.dismantle扩大 a.to strip of dress or mantle b.to strip of furniture or equipment10.campus 缩小 a.field b.grounds of a college11.operate 缩小 a.to perform any operation b.to performance a surgical operation12.charge 扩大 a.load;burden b.task; responsibility,price,etc.13.drowse 缩小 a.to sink b.to sink into sleepyman 扩大 a.one who is not of clergy b.one who is not an expert15.ferry 缩小 a.to carry b.to transport across a river16.chant 缩小 a.to sing b.to intone17.butcher 扩大 a.one who kills he-goats b.one who kills animals for food18.chamber扩大 a.room b.room; legislative body,etc.19.hound 缩小 a.dog b.hunting dog20.tail 扩大 a.hairy caudal appendage of an animal b.anything like an animal’s tail in form or position现代英语中专门术语进入日常生活并扩大了词义,找出与下列术语对应的一般意义1.alibi excuse2.scenario description of a possible3.charismatic having popular appealpulsive habitual5.catalyst any stimulus in hastening a result6.ambiance quality,feeling,etc.of a place7.osmosis subtle or gradual absorption or mingling8.psychology mental processes9.syndrome distinctive or characteristic patern of behaviour10.subliminal of which one is not consciously aware11.parameter determining factor .characteristic12.philosophy practical opinion or body of opinionsplex obsession of any kind14.schizophrenia any mental or emotional disorder15.interface connection16.neurotic nervous,eccentric,given to worry17.sadism cruelty18.bottom line conclusion,clincher19.paradigm typical example of sth20.exhibitionism showing off下列词经历了词义褒贬的变化,a和b是演变前后的词义,判断是褒义化还是贬义化1.sturdy 褒 a.stern stubborn reckless b.stout vigorous firm2.reek 贬 a.smoke b.stink3.counterfeit 贬 a.to copy to reproduce b.to imitate with intent to deceive4.fame 褒 a.rumour report b.celebrity renown5.mischievous 褒 a.disastrous b.playfully annoying6.civil 褒 a.of itizens b.cultured; courteous7.smirk 贬 a.smile b.simper8.glamour 褒 a.spell; enchantment b.attractiveness;allure9.busybody 贬 a.busy person b.officious and meddlesome person10.churl 贬 a.freeman b.boor; niggard11.luxury 褒 a.lust b.sumptuousness12.err 贬 a.wander b.go astray13.chiffon 褒 a.rag b.sheer fabric of silk,etc.14.brook 贬 a.to enjoy ; to make use of b.to endure; to tolerate15.elocution 贬 a.style of speaking b.studied or artificial style of speaking16.fair 贬 a.beautiful;pleasant b.moderate ; tolerable17.sergeant褒 a.servant b.non-commissioned officer18.dizzy 褒 a.foolish b.vertiginous19.inquisition贬 a.investigation b.persecution20.sophisticated 褒 a.overly complex or refined b.sufficiently complex or knowing 动物名称比喻人,还可转化为动词描绘人的动作,说明下列词的隐喻意义A.动物名词1.bull 粗壮的男子2.butterfly 举止轻浮的人(尤指妇女)3.cat 刁钻或居心叵测的女子4.dove 温柔或纯真的妇女,儿童;鸽派(美国)5.goose 傻瓜6.hawk 掠夺成性的人;骗子;鹰派(美国)7.jackal 为虎作伥的人;狗腿子mb 温顺的人;小宝贝9.lion 勇猛异常的男人10.magpie 喋喋不休的人11.mule 执拗或顽固的人12.phoenix 超群出众的人13.pig 肮脏或贪吃的人;警察猪猡14.puss 少女或小姑娘15.serpent 阴险的毒辣的人16.sheep 忸怩,温驯或胆小的人17.skunk 卑鄙可恶的人18.sucker 容易上当受骗的人19.swine 下流坯;鄙俗的人20.vixen 泼妇B.动物名称转化为动词 1.to crow over 洋洋自得 2.to ferret 搜索3.to fish for 探求；绕弯打听4.to gull 欺骗,使人上当5.to hound 追逐逼迫6.to monkey 胡闹；嘲弄；模仿7.to parrot 机械仿效,随声附和8.to rat 变节,告密9.to shark 诈骗.勒索10.to snake 蜿蜒前进；拖曳隐喻的基础是形状,功能,褒贬的类似,据此区别以下斜体词语属哪种类型1.the tail of a procession 形状2.a ray of hope 功能3.a wolf in sheep’s clothing 贬义4.an early bird 褒义5.piercing sound 功能6.a flight of fancy 功能7.the cup of the valley 形状8.crocodile tears 贬义9.forks of the road 形状10.to rivet one’s gaze 形状11.golden hours 褒义12.a saddle in the mountains 形状13.loud colours 功能14.stony politeness 贬义15.the mantle of darkness 功能16.Richad the Lion-Heart 褒义17.torments of jealousy 功能18.the ribs of vault 形状19.a watery style of writing 贬义20.skyrocketing prices 形状21.the book of time 功能22.a loan shark 贬义23.to bridle one’s anger 功能24.a smart invention 褒义25.the head of the school 功能26.to dive into a book 形状27.to lend wings to someone 功能28.a mere wisp of a girl 形状29.the lungs of a city 形状30.an unlicked cub 贬义提喻是局部和整体之间的替代.判断下列A组各词和B组中的黑体词是局部喻整体(1)还是整体喻局部(2)所喻意义A1.head cattle 12.redbreast robin 13.corn maize 24.roof house or home 15.cattle cows 26.wheels automobiles 17.blade sword 18.cutthroat murderer 19.the smiling year spring 210.hard tails mules 111.to dial to telephone 112.fox/beaver the fur of the animal 2B. 1.a motor trip/the motor industry 12.meat and drink 13.a mink coat 24.a basket of provisions 25.to have a word with someone 16.to tread a measure 27.All hands on deck! 18.The law was there in force. 2写出下面委婉用语所代替的词1.to refresh oneself: to eat2.deranged: mad3.necropolis: cemetery4.perspiration: sweat5.unwise: foolish6.expectorate: spit7.indigestion : overeating 8.inexpressibles: trousers9nether garments: pants 10.loan-office: pawnshop11.non-whites :blacks 12.in an interesting condition: pregnant13public comfort station :toilet 14.deuce: devil15Golly : God d: Lord17prevaricate : lie id to rest: buried19paying-guests: tenants 20.to be no more: to die简化下列复合名词并译成汉语1.banner headline:banner头号标题2.howler hat:bowler 圆顶大礼帽3.crepe paper:crepe绉织物(如绉绸、绉布等)4.dandy-cart:dandy 二轮小车5.duck egg:duck 零分6.flashback:flash倒叙7.hoarfrost:hoar 白霜8.human being:human 人9.jacquard loom:jacquard 提花机10.jockstrap:jock(运动员等用的)下身护体11.porter’s knot:knot 垫肩12.kraft paper:kraft牛皮纸13.turning-lathe:lathe 车床14.poet laureate:laureate桂冠诗人15.eyelid:lid 眼睑16.linen paper:linen 亚麻纸17.road metal:metal 碎石料18.smelling salts:salts嗅盐19.sapwood:sap 白木质20.Teddy boy:Teddy 无赖青年指出各对同义词的本族语词1.beak-bill2.break-sever3.feed-nourish4.amity-friendship5.prevent-hinder6.begin-commence7.womanly-feminine 8.wet-humid9.solitary-lonely10.people-folk11.deep-profound 12.exterior-outer13.cordial-hearty14.dale-valley15.have-possess 16.conceal-hid e17deed-action 18.holy-sacred19.give-present 20.aid-help21.inner-interior 22.deadly-mortal23.motherly-maternal 24.question-ask25.masculine-manly26.buy-purchase27.thin-tenuous 28.earthly-terrestrial29.royal-kingly30.fatherly-paternal31violin-fiddle32.domestic-homely33.mount-rise34.world-universe35.answer-reply 36.celestial-heavenly37.vivacious-lively38.bodily-corporal39.brotherhood-fraternity 40.aqueous-watery英译汉 1.Chinese cabbage白菜 2.chinese spinach菠菜3.Chinese date 枣子4.Chinese eddo芋头5.Chinese gooseberry 猕猴桃6.Chinese oil桐油7.Chinese goose 鸿雁8.Chinese wall长城9.Chinese block 木鱼10.Chinese boxes套盒11.Chinese ink 墨12.Chinese puzzle七巧板13.Chinese red 橙红色14.Chinese lantern灯笼15.Chinese chequers 跳棋16.Chinese calendar农历17.Chinese herbal medicine中草药18.Chinese restaurant syndrome中国餐厅综合症将下列科学术语译成汉语:1、aerotrain:飞行火车 2.artificial intelligence:人工智能3.astrobiology:太空生物学4.barratrics:肥胖症治疗法5.callositics:遗传分类学6.cogeneration:废热发电7.cosmodon:太空站8.cryonics:人体冷冻学9.cytoecology:细胞生态学10.datamation:自动化数据处理11.dysgenesis:发育不良12.ecosphere:生态层13.euphenics:优种学14.exocrinology:外分泌学15.fetology:胎儿学16.fibre optics:纤维光学17.hard science:硬科学(指自然科学) 18.inertia welding:惯性焊接rmation retrieval:信息检索unch vehicle:运载火箭21.linear algebra:线性代数22.macroinstruction:宏观指令23.marsquake:火星地震24.microprocessor:微型电脑25.neonatology:新生儿生理学26.nerve agent:神经毒剂27.oncogenicity:致癌性28.parameter:参数,参量29.photobotany:光植物学30.planetology:行星学31.plasma physics:等离子物理学32.quantum chemistry:量子化学33.retro-rocketry:制动火箭学34.revascularization:换血管术35.saucerman:外太空人36.sealab:海底实验室37.selenodesy:月面测量学38.test-tube baby:试管婴儿39.thermal breeder-reactor:热增殖反应堆40.videophone:电视电话将下列新复合词译成汉语:1.after-sale service:售后服务2.apartment complex:公寓建筑群3.arm wrestling:扳手腕4.bad-mouth:恶意中伤5.bait-and switch:“上钩掉包”诱售法的6.beam weapon:激光束武器7.bed-in:露宿示威8.body language:身势语9.bubble top:(汽车)透明防弹圆罩10.buzz word:时髦词语11.convenient food:方便食品12.cruise missile:巡航导弹13.cup-tied:参加优胜杯决赛的14.dark comedy:黑色喜剧15.data bank:数据库16.day-care:日托的17.diet pill:减肥丸18.dunk shot:篮球塞射(砸篮)19.family planning:计划生育20.flick-knife:弹簧折刀21.floor exercise:自由体操22.free-associate:自由联想23.happy hour:(酒吧)减价供应饮料的时间24.honey wagon:垃圾车25.hot-dog:太棒了26.man-on-man:(球赛)人盯人27.overhead walkway:行人大桥28.pop-top/ring pull:易拉罐29.pop wine:果味甜酒30.rent strike:集体抗租31.retort pouch:软装罐头32.shunpike:驾车走支路33.sick-out:集体托病怠工34.shinny-dip:裸泳35.sober-up:解酒的36.space talk:宇航术语37.spy-in-the-sky:侦查卫星38.talk show/chat show:名人现场采访节目39.value-added tax:增值税40.vanity surgery:美容外科将下列各词的英式拼写改为美式拼写:1.draught: draft2.plough: plow3.litre: liter4.offence: offense5.pyjamas: pajamas6.cheque: check7.flyer: flier 8.scepticism: skepticism 9.harbour:harbor10.ensure: insure 11.cosy: cozy 12.manoeuvre: maneuver13.civilise: civilize 14.anaemic: anemic 15.gaol:jail16.inflexion: inflection 17.moustache: mustache 18.oesophagus: esophagus19.queue: cue 20.shew: show将下列各词的英式拼写简化为美式拼写:1.counsellor:counselor2.remould: remold3.axe: ax4.cigarette: cigaret5.jewellery:jewelry6.omelette: omelet7.storey: story 8.good-bye: good-by 9.speciality: specialty10.towards: toward 11.waggon: wagon 12.catalogue: catalog13.aluminium: aluminum 14.levelled: leveled 15.moult:molt16.programme: program 17.judgement: judgment 18.licence: license19.amidst: amid 20.practice,practise: practice用一个英语单词代替下列成语:1.of one’s own accord: voluntarily2.exchange blows with: fight3.get away: escape4.on the nail: immediately5.play false: betray6.a slap in the face: insult7.in a body: collectively 8.make head or tail of: understand9.behind the times: unfashionable e across: discover11.under false colours: falsely 12.make away with: destroy13.from time to time: occasionally 14.call on :visit15.neither rhyme nor reason:nonsense 16.throw cold water on: discourage17.by the way: incidentally 18.by word of mouth: verbally19.lord and master: husband 20.behind closed doors: privately将下列名词性成语译成汉语:1.the ace of trumps:主要的王牌,最有力的理由或要据.2.an apple of discord:争端,祸根3.the apple of one’s eye:珍爱的人或东西4.a beast of burden:驮畜5.a bed of roses:称心如意个环境6.a bird of passage:候鸟,漂泊不定的人7.a fish out of water:不适应环境的人8.a Jack of all trades杂而不精的人9.the lion’s share:最大的一份10.a lion in the tongue:拦路虎(尤指臆想的危难)11.a slip of the tongue:口误12.a snake in the grass:隐患13.a wild goose chase:徒劳的搜索,无益的劳动14.a wet blanket:扫兴的人15.a white elephant:无用而累赘的东西16.a swan song:最后的作品17.sour grapes:酸葡萄18.an iron hand:高压手段19.the green-eyed monster:嫉妒20.a dog in the manger:占着茅坑不拉屎的人将下列隐喻成语的适当形式填入句子:1.The shopkeepers speak in slow,measured tones,and the buyers,overwhelmed by thesepulchral atmosphere, follow suit2.Neither does the river theory“hold water”,in the face of what is known about noduledistribution.3.What now seems to be in the air is a multilateral deal be tween the seven countries…..4.When they find who done that last night,who killed that kid an’its mother,thenhightailed it,they’ll throw the book,and never mind who it is……5.For the mighty army of consumers,the ultimate applications of the computer revolutionare still around the bend of a silicon circuit.6.More than 100 reporters were on hand,and even radio announcers,who for the first timein history were to broadcast a jury trial.7.The judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer,and the trial gotunder way.8.P&O,for example,while still out to increase the total…But P&O has no intention ofthrowing in the towel.9.He was struggling with the clasps on his suitcase,and Pug gave him a hand.10.On our way back,every U-boat in the Atlantic will certainly be on battle alert.We shallhave to run the gamut.11.One night Churchill took the floor in the Augusta washroom after dinner,…….12.If,at some future date,it becomes the wish of our sister colonies to effect aseparation,we will not stand in the way .13.The fact that their marriage may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have beenbroken or even that…14.The peasants were allowed to eat the rabbits that scampered over their fields and,sincethat meat was cheap,the Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it.15.Like me,they had been divorced from their origins,and it turned out to make very littledifference….they were mo more at home in Europe than I was.16.But what is Anna Karenina describing if not the tragic fate of the isolated individual,atodds with her time and place?17.The illicit jump we find here,on the threshold of the inquiry,is characteric of the …18.These people vote without a qualm for the political parties that quite sensibly-theircountry arm…to the teeth.19.Nowadays New Year is out of phase with American taste as often as it is out of stepwith American politics.20.The mother was on the verge of panic.She clutched his arm and kept repeating,…1、It may be objected that he is not sophisticated enough to mediate the disputebetween them.有人可能会提出异议说，他没有足够的本领能调解他们之间的纠纷。
英语词汇学习题集
英语词汇学习题集Chapter I A General Survey of English Vocabulary1. Which of the following is NOT correct? _________A. A word is a meaningful group of letters.B. A word is a unit of meaning.C. A word is a sound or combination of sounds.D. A word is a form that cannot function alone in a sentence.3. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their language almost totally blotted out ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Anglo-SaxonD. Celtic4. In the early period of Middle English, English, ______ existed side by side.A. Celtic and DanishB. Danish and FrenchC. Latin and CelticD. French and Latin9. Both English and ______ belong to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.A. CelticB. DansihC. FrenchD. Scottish12. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________.A. notionB. use frequencyC. foundationD. origin7. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words?（）A. The rapid development of modern science and technology.B. Geographical and political changes.C. The influence of other cultures and languages.D. Social and economic changes.6. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are ______.A. the growth of science and technologyB. economic and political changesC. the influence of other cultures and languagesD. all the above7. Since the beginning of this century, ______ has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. semantic changeD. both B and C9. The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( )A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in given dialect or field10. is considered to be a highly-inflected language.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Early Modern EnglishD. Late Modern English14. Early Modern English refers to the language spoken ______.A. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 180012. The introduction of at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary. （）A. printingB. ChristianityC. French wordsD. all the above14. Which of the following statements is CORRECT? （）A. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C. Loan words are all unrecognisable as being foreign in origin.D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.8. From the historical point of view, English is more closely related to（）A. GermanB. FrenchC. ScottishD. Irish12. The written form of English is a(n)（）representation of the spoken form.A. selectiveB. adequateC. imperfectD. natural15. The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin,（）A. Scandinavian and ItalianB. Greek and ScandinavianC. Celtic and GreekD. Italian and Spanish3. Which of the following is NOT one of the obvious characteristics of the basic word stock?A. Creativity.B. Stability.C. Duality.D. All national character.11. Which of the following is NOT true about Old English? （）A. Uses of Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages.B. Old English has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000.C. Old English refers to the English language used from 450 to 1150.D. Old English was a highly inflected language.12. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions. Which of the following is NOT an example ofneologisms? （）A. SARS.B. Can-opener.C. Futurology.D. Freak out.II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.19. The basic word stock forms the common of the language.20. According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.20. Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to___________.16. The Norman Conquest in 1066 started a continual flow of ___________ words into English.20. Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular.V. Define the following terms.44. jargon 42. functional words 42. borrowed words41. loan wordsGive clear and short answers to the following questions.47. Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of use?48. What are the major differences between basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary?49. Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agreeor disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples.Chapter II Morphological Structure of English W ords5. ______ are those that cannot occur as separate words without adding other morphemes.A. Free rootsB. Free morphemesC. Bound morphemesD. Meaningful units11. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be ______. （）A. affixationalB. derivationalC. freeD. bound13. Structurally a（）is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A. morphemeB. stemC. wordD. compound15. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes10. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes include _________.（）A. bound rootsB. inflectional affixesC. derivational affixesD. all the above4. Which of the following is NOT considered as an inflectional affix?（）A. -esB. -orC. -estD. -erII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.16. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the ______________.17. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and .20. Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.V. Define the following terms.45. allomorph42. morphsGive clear and short answers to the following questions.46. What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your point.48. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Analyse the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes.dishearten, idealistic, unfriendlyChapter III The Three Major Processes of W ord-formation1. There are ______ major classes of compounds.A. twoB. forC. threeD. five13. Which of the following suffixes can be used to form both nouns and adjectives? ______A. -ion.B. -ism.C. -ity.D. -ist.4. Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?A. extra-B. pro-C. re-D. semi-14. Unlike affixes,（）are often free morphemes.A. suffixesB. prefixesC. inflectional morphemesD. roots3. Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as _________.（）A. inflectional affixesB. derivational affixesC. bound rootsD. free morphemes8. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT _________.（）A. –fulB. –wiseC. –lessD. –ike6. Which of the following is a case of suffixation? （）A. Hemisphere.B. Attempt.C. NA TO.D. Respondent.18. In the word ―post-war‖, ―post-‖ is a prefix of ______________.19. Compounds are different from free phrases in ___________ unit.45. conversion42. prefixationGive clear and short answers to the following questions.46. What is the difference between prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples.47. What are the features of compounds? Give examples.48. What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain with two examples.Chapter IV The Minor Processes of W ord-formation7. Though still at work today, can hardly compare with what it was in the past. （）A. word-formationB. borrowingC. derivationD. conversion9. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（）A. TOEFLB. ODYSSEYC. BASICD. CCTV43. blendingGive clear and short answers to the following questions.47. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples toillustrate your point.Chapter V W ord Meaning and Semantic Features1. Motivation accounts for the connection between the word-form and _________.（）A. its referentB. its referring expressionsC. its meaningD. its concept2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.3. The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is ______. ()A. conventionalB. non-conventionalC. concreteD. specific6. Which of the following statements is Not true?A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.13. Which of the following statements is true? （）A. Every word has reference.B. Every word has sense.C. Every word is semantically motivated.D. Every word is conceptually motivated.12. We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to ( )A. morphological structureB. relevant detailsC. grammatical structureD. physical context6. Which of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated?（）A. croak, drumB. squeak, bleatC. buzz, neighD. bang, trumpet14. More often than not, functional words only have ______.A. lexical meaningB. associative meaningC. collocative meaningD. grammatical meaning15. The relationship between words and things in the world is established by means of . （）A. referenceB. senseC. conceptD. meaning13. Which of the following words is morphologically motivated? （）A. Black market.B. Greenhorn.C. Hopeless.D. Neigh.II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.16. ________________meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.18. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.20. Conceptual meaning is also known as meaning.19. Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possessstrong ______________meaning.Ⅴ. Define the following terms.45. semantic motivation44. conceptual meaningGive clear and short answers to the following questions.48. What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?48. Cite ONE example to illustrate what grammatical meaning is.50. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example.Chapter VI Polysemy and Homonymy1. According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( )A. perfect homonymsB. homonymsC. homophonesD. all the above1. There are two approaches to the study of polysemy. They are（）A. primary and secondaryB. central and peripheralC. diachronic and synchronicD. formal and functional11. Sources of homonyms include（）A. changes in sound and spellingB. borrowingC. shorteningD. all of the above4. Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and _________.（）A. synonymyB. antonymyC. homonymyD. hyponymy2. The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas, namely, _________.（）A. extension, increase and expansionB. denotation, connotation and applicationC. comprehension, understanding and knowingD. polysemy, homograph and homophone19. Radiation and ___________ are the two coinages which the development of word meaning followsfrom monosemy to polysemy.Give clear and short answers to the following questions.Chapter VII Sense Relations between W ords3. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（）A. absolute and relativeB. absolute and completeC. relative and nearD. complete and identical4. The way to define an antonym is based on . ()A. contradictionB. contrarinessC. oppositenessD. relativeness10. The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is whether ______.A. they come from the same sourceB. they are correlated with one central meaningC. they are listed under one headword in a dictionaryD. all the above10. As far as denotation is concerned, relative synonyms may differ ______. （）A. in the diachronic approachB. in the stylistic and emotive colouring of wordsC. in usage in simple termsD. in the range and intensity of meaning20. Relative synonyms also called ______________ are similar or nearly the same in denotation, butembrace different degrees of a given quality.Ⅴ. Define the following terms.43. synonymGive clear and short answers to the following questions.48. What is polysemy? Illustrate your points.49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain whatcontextual clues help you to work out the meaning.Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in the street and ate it.50. Comment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of subordinates and superordinates.a. The girl got a book in the university.b. The girl borrowed a dictionary from the department.50. Make a tree diagram to arrange the following words in order of hyponymy.apple, cabbage, food, vegetable, mutton, fruit, peach, meat, beef, orange, spinach, pork, celery50. Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relativesynonyms.Chapter VIII Meaning and Context3. It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( )A. the reader’s interpretationB. the neighbouring wordsC. the writer's intentionD. the etymology of the word7. The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( )A. physical contextB. grammatical contextC. lexical contextD. linguistic context8. "Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( )A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. hyponym6. Context meaning.（）A. explainsB. interpretsC. definesD. all the above15. Linguistic context is also known as ______ context.A. socialB. verbalC. lexicalD. physical10. In the course book, the author lists（）types of context clues for inferring word meaning.A. eightB. sixC. sevenD. five2. The sentence ―I like Mary better than you.‖ is ambiguous due to ______.（）A. extra-linguistic contextB. lexical contextC. grammatical contextD. homonymy14. In the sentence “Italian artists were more active in the quattrocento than in the sixteenth century which followed.”The meaning of quattrocento can be inferred from the clue of ______. （）A. definitionB. explanationC. exampleD. relevant detail18. When a new word appears for the first time, the author usually manages to give hints or ___________in the context to help the readers.19. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.20. Content words have both meanings, and ___________ meaning in particular.18. Context can help eliminate ambiguity, provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give ___________of referents.44. lexical contextGive clear and short answers to the following questions.45. What is extra-linguistic context?46. What is the role of context?47. Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning?VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Read the following extract and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then explain whatcontextual clues help you work out the meaning.‘Get me an avocado, please,’Janet said, smacking her lips, but her brother, with a glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet.50. Comment on the statement ―Collocation can affect the meaning of words‖ with your own example.Chapter IX Changes in W ord Meaning1. Extension can be illustrated by the following example: _________.（）A. butcher →one who kills goatsB. journal →periodicalC. companion →one who shares breadD. allergic →too sensitive to medicine2. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( )A. ad for ―advertisement‖B. dish for ―food"C. fond for ―affectionate‖D. an editorial for ―an editorial article"11. Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevation D semantic narrowing8. Webster’s New World Dictionary is a(n) ______ dictionary. （）A. unabridgedB. deskC. pocketD. encyclopedic9. Angel, martyr and paradise have their meanings ______ because of the influence of Christianity.（）A. elevatedB. degradedC. narrowedD. extendedII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.16. The degraded meaning ―sexual desire‖of the word ―lust‖comes from its old meaning―‖.17. The word __________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".16. The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is___________.17. The attitudes of classes have made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or___________.17. Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and______________.Ⅴ. Define the following terms.42. pejoration 43. degradation 44. extension 41. extra-linguistic context43. semantic change 45. specialization45. amelioration－A specific type of semantic change— the introduction of positive connotationsor removal of negative ones for a word or expression./wiki/Amelioration Give clear and short answers to the following questions.49. Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agreeor disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples.Chapter X English Idioms4. The idiom “Jack of all trades”results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening8. Structural stability means the structure of an idiom is generally . （）A. movableB. unstableC. unchangeableD. ununderstandable9. Sentence idioms can be divided into . （）A. declarative and imperativeB. interrogative and exclamativeC. verbal and adverbialD. both A and B10. The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( )A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification11. An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.A. structurally changeableB. semantically analyzableC. structurally fixedD. easily understood12. An idiom consists of at least two words. Each has a single meaning and often functions as one word. This is called ______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. rhetorical functionD. none of the above2. Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms?（）A. ColloquialB. SlangC. NegativeD. Literary5. The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the _________ relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in ―rain cats and dogs‖.（）A. illogicalB. logicalC. mutualD. natural6. Idioms verbal in nature are _________.（）A. verb phrasesB. phrasal verbsC. verb idiomsD. all the above7. The idiom ―new brooms sweep clean‖ was created probably by _________.（）A. seamenB. housewivesC. farmersD. hunters1. Which of the following is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms?（）A. Phonetic manipulation.B. Lexical manipulation.C. Figures of speech.D. Phrasal verbs.15. Tooth and nail is an idiom ______ in nature. （）A. norminalB. adjectivalC. adverbialD. verbalⅤ. Define the following terms.41. idiom 43. idioms nominal in nature 45. phrasal verbGive clear and short answers to the following questions.46. What are the stylistic features of idioms?46. What is semantic unity of idioms?Chapter XI American English Give clear and short answers to the following questions.Chapter XII English Dictionaries and How to Use Them5. Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopedic English DictionaryC. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal V erbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms7. LDCE is distinctive for its（）A. clear grammar codesB. usage notesC. language notesD. all of the above5. The fact that the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields can be exemplified by .()A. Roget’s ThesaurusB. Concise Oxford DictionaryC. New Webster’s DictionaryD. Collins Cobuild Dictionary14. If one wants to find out the minute difference between shades of meaning, the best source is _______.（）A. a thesaurusB. a synonym finderC. an encyclopediaD. an encyclopedic dictionary15. Which of the following can be said about a British Dictionary?（）A. It is always better than an American dictionary.B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.C. One can never expect to find American usages in it.D. It tends to include more grammatical information.5. The following are user-friendly features of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, except______. （）A. extra columnB. clear grammar codesC. usage notesD. language notes42. specialized dictionaryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions.17. Longman Lexicon of Contemporary English is a___________ dictionary.18. The headword or entries are defined in the same language in a dictionary.V. Define the following terms.41. encyclopedia44. bilingual dictionaryGive clear and short answers to the following questions.46. What factors should one take into account when he chooses a dictionary?综合练习Ⅲ. Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) rhetorical features of the idioms; 2)sense relations; 3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and5)motivation.(10%)A B21. reiteration ( ) A. high and low22. repetition ( ) B. pick and choose23. juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face24. perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.25. personification ( ) E. hiss26. portus ( ) F. bear; bear27. come ( ) G. twitter28. heart ( ) H. cat29. birds ( ) I. port30. snakes ( ) J. heart and soulⅣ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of context clues; 2) types of word formation; 3) types of word-meaning changes and 4) rhetorical features of idioms.(10%)31. making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )32. sitcom ( )33. the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )34. form cradle to grave ( )35. might and main ( )36. fax ( )37. disobey, impolite, ( )38. hussy: "housewife" →"a woman of low morals" ( )39. disease: "discomfort"→"illness"( )40. fond: "foolish"→"affectionate"( )Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) sense relations , 2) types of context , and 3) modes of word-meaning changes.(10%)A B()21. difference in connotation A. fond (from ―foolish‖ to ―affectionate‖)()22. perfect homonym B. homely /domestic()23. degradation C. date ;date()24. transfer D. diseasing (from ―discomfort ‖to ―illness‖)()25. elevation E. fabulous (from ―resembling a fable ‖to ―incredible‖)()26. narrowing F. journal (from ―daily paper‖ to ―periodical‖ )()27. extension G. silly (from ―happy‖ to ―foolish‖)()28. generalization H. pitiful (from ―full of pity‖ to ―deserving pity‖)()29. grammatical context I. It was a nice ball.()30. lexical context J. V isiting aunts can be boring.Ⅳ. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of word formation , 2) types of affixes, 3) types of dictionaries, and 4) the type of idiom. (10%)31. LDCE ()32. deadline ()33. -ize, -en, -ate ()34. an affix that indicates grammatical relationships ()35. VOA ()36. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology ()37. CED ()38. telephone →phone ()39. fly in the ointment ()40. hostess ()III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) stylistic meanings; 2) language groups; 3) degrees of inflections and 4) onomatopoeic motivation. (10%)A B( )21. apes A. colloquial( )22. Old English B. a language of full endings( )23. Irish C. Italic( )24. tiny D. very formal and official ( )25. French E. yelp ( )26. cattle F. poetic ( )27. domicile G . Celtic ( )28. abode H. gibber( )29. foxes I. a language of leveled endings ( )30. Middle EnglishJ. lowⅣ. S tudy the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of affixes; 2) types of meaning and 3) types of motivation. (10%) 31. mismanage ( ) 32. elephants-trumpet( )33. pretty ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧flower woman girl( )34. forehead ( ) 35. bossy( )36. sun: a heavenly body which gives off light, heat ( ) 37. anti-establishment( ) 38. subsea ( ) 39. a sea of troubles( ) 40. harder( )Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) word origin, 2) word formation, and 3) types of synonyms or antonyms. (10%)AB ( ) 21. skill A. back-formation ( ) 22. babysit B. blending ( ) 23. telequizC. French origin ( ) 24. composition/compoundingD. Scandinavian origin ( ) 25. governmentE. clipping ( ) 26. same/ differentF. relative synonyms ( ) 27. gentG . Germanic( ) 28. English H. absolute synonyms ( ) 29. change/ alter I. Contradictory terms ( ) 30. big/ smallJ. contrary termsⅣ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings, 3) processes of meaning development, and 4) formation of compounds. (10%) 31. neck →primary meaning: that part of man joining the head to the body;a secondary meaning: the narrowest part of anything. ( ) 32. contradict( ) 33. mother: love, care ( ) 34. upcoming( ) 35. window shopping ( ) 36. radios( ) 37. property developer( )38. candidate →earlier meaning: white-robed;later meaning: a person proposed for a place, award etc.( )39. handsome ⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧man typewriter overcoat( )40. northward ( )III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of figures of speech; 2) types of motivation; 3) types of changes in word meaning. (10%)AB( )21. senior citizenA. metonymy( )22. the pot calls the cattle black B. narrowing ( )23. earn one ’s breadC. euphemism ( )24. from cradle to graveD. synecdoche ( )25. sit on the fenceE. hiss( )26. constable (a policeman) F. personification( )27. criticize(find fault with) G . morphologically motivated ( )28. liquor(alcoholic drink) H. degradation ( )29. snakesI. metaphor。
英语词汇学练习题
《英语词汇学》课堂练习I. Multiple Choice (1’×30)1. Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 2．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/ after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/3．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.A．one B．two C．three D．four4．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.A．works B．prewar C．postwar D．bloody5．The word “motel” is created by ______.A．compounding B．clipping C．blending D．suffixation 6．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.A．acronymy B．clipping C．initialism D．prefixation 7．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning8．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological9. The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” a nd even “photographs”A．extension B．elevation C．narrowing D．degradation 10. The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy11. In the sentence “I like to see a movie”, there are ________ functionalwords.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 512．The word “recollection” comprises ______ morphemes.A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 413. “Dis-” in the word “disloyal” is a _____ prefix.A. negativeB. reversativeC. pejorativeD. locative14. So far as stylistic meaning is concerned, “residence” is ________.A. neutralB. informalC. colloquialD. formal15. Words which are used to show the attitude of approval are ________.A. appreciativeB. pejorativeC. connotativeD. collocative16. “Till the cows come home” is an idiom _____ in nature.A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial17. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is________.A. absolute and relativeB. absolute and completeC. relative and nearD. complete and identical18. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single _____ morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. bound19. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called_____.A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor20. Sources of homonyms include_____.A. changes in sound and spellingB. borrowingC. shorteningD. all of the above21. Structurally a _____ is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.A. morphemeB. stemC. wordD. compound22. Word formation excludes _____.A. affixation and compoundingB. conversion and shorteningC. clipping, acronymy and blendingD. repetition and alliteration23. The differences between compounds and free phrases show in _____ aspects.A. phoneticB. semanticC. grammaticalD. all the above24. “Mouth” in “the mouth of river” is _____.A. onomatopoetically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated25. In compounds, the word stress usually occurs on _____ whereas in noun phrase_____ is generally stressed if there is only one stress.A. the first element/the second elementB. the second element/the first elementC. the first element/the first elementD. the second element/the second elementII. True or False.26. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.27. Initialisms are words that are pronounced as normal words; acronyms are thosewhich are pronounced letter by letter.28. Different contexts give a word different meanings.29. Contrary terms are gradable and allow intermediate members in between.30. Absolute or complete synonyms are words which are identical in meaning andspelling.31. Collocative meaning is the part of meaning a word acquires in its collocation, orthe meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.32. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary andconventional.33. Clipping is a way of making new words which involves the shortening of a longerword by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.34. Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems.35. The importance of clue lies in the fact that it can help us in arriving at themeanings of words.36. A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym.37. The pejorative are those words which imply some negative connotations fordisapproval, contempt or criticism.38. Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements forming each word are written separately.39. In English most of the literary words are of French, Latin or Greek origin.40. Content words belong to a relatively small and permanent set of words, incomparison to function words.III. Matching41. perfect homonym 42. acronym 43. blending44. clipping 45. contraries 46. conversives 47. degradation 48. elevation49. narrowing 50. extensionA. date dateB. silly ( from “happy” to “foolish”)C. NATOD. like-dislikeE. gentF. fond (from “foolish” to “affectionate”)G. disease (from“discomfort” to “illness”)H. lady (from “hostess” to “woman”)I. telequiz J. husband-wifeIV. Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (2’×10) Example: disobey (prefixation)51. postwar ( ) 52. chunnel ( )53. UFO ( ) 54. outbreak ( )55. flu ( ) 56. edit ( )57. NA TO ( ) 58. greedy ( )59. pink-collar worker ( ) 60. snowball(v.) ( )V. Gap-filling61. In general, there are two main types of morphemes: _______, _________.62.Middle English is characterized by the strong influence of _________ followingthe Norman Conquest in 1066.63. Modern English vocabulary develops through three modes：creation, semanticchange and _________.64. There are two types of linguistic context: _________, _________.65. The three major processes of word formation are_______, ________, ________.66. Lexical meaning itself has two components: __________ and associativemeaning.67. Statesman and politician differ in ______meaning.68. There are three types of antonyms: ____________, ____________, _________. V. Short Answer questions69. What is the publicly accepted definition of a word?70. What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to illustrateit.71. How are English words classified? (Y ou should employ at least four criteria.)。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案.txt I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose theone that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called_____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changingmeaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____. III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond26. elevation ( ) F. etymologically motivated27. degradation ( ) G. garage ( a place for storing cars)28. narrowing ( ) H. thing (any object or event)29. extension ( ) I. part of speech30. Celtic ( ) J. knave (a dishonest person)IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）31. heart and soul ( )32. father—male parent ( )33. mother—female parent ( )34. city-bred ( )35. lip-reading to lip-read ( )36. headache ( )37. antecedent ( )38. preview ( )39. receive ( )40. called ( )V. Define the following terms（10％）41. specialized dictionary42. collocative meaning43. transfer44. morpheme45. old EnglishVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.（12％）46.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.47. What is dismembering?48. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18％）49. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.50. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence.(100 words)The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.英语词汇学试题参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D10. B11. B12. C13. A14. B15. C第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)16. stylistic17.monolingual18.semantic opposition19. degradation 或 pejoration20.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)21. I22. C23. F24. B25. E26. D27. J28. G29. H30. AIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)31. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature32. conceptual meaning33. conceptual meaning34. n+v-ed35. backformation36. n+v37. bound root38. prefix39. bound root40. inflectional affix/morphemeV. Define the following terms.(10%)41. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)42. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)43. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.44. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.45. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(12%)46. 要点： Radiation Concatenationi) primary meaning i) first senseii）次要意义由主要意义辐射 ii）由此意义连续转换；特点为链接iii）名词语义互不依赖 iii）最后意义与第一意义失去联系的迹象47. 要点：（1）break up an idiom into pieces（2分）（2）an unusual case of using idioms（1分）（3）in literature or popular press for special effect（1分）注：语言扣分不得超过1分（语法扣1分，拼写扣0.5分）48. Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion. For example, 'pretty' and 'handsome' share the conceptual meaning of 'good looking', but are distinguished by the range of nouns they collocate with:pretty handsomeVII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (18%)49. 答案要点1）Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.（2分）2）Semantic motivation, one of the four major types of motivation, explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.(3分)3）In this sentence, 'pen' reminds one of the tool to write with, thus suggesting writing; 'sword' reminds one of the weapon to fight with, thus suggesting war.(4分)50.要点：（1）it is ambiguous（2分）（2）ambiguity caused by the structure（2分）（3）stop drinking can be understood as1）police stop drinking by themselves (1分 )2）police stop people drinking (1分)（4）improvement（3分）1）The police were ordered to stop people drinking about midnight.2）The police were ordered to stop drinking by themselves about midnight.有情芍药含春泪，无力蔷薇卧晓枝。
词汇学练习参考答案
第二单元基本构词方法一．派生法练习一例如：intervene，intervention，intervenor，intervenient练习二希腊语前缀拉丁语前缀half hemi- semi- demi- one mono- uni-two di- bi-three tri- tri-four tetra- quadri-five penta- quint-six hexa- sex- ,seven hepta- sept-eight oct- oct-nine ennea- nona-ten deca- deci-1. immature2. irregular3.inconsiderate4. ignoble5. noncontentious6. illegitimate7. nonmetal 8. impassive 9. nonferrous 10. inaccuracy 11. unendurable 12. invariance13. non-inductive 14. illegible 15. unreasonable16. irrational \ 17. unscrupulous 18. non-staple19. imbalance 20. illegalize练习四1. before2. near3. off4. in5. inside6. outside7. out 8. before 9. beneath 10. in 11. under 12. between 13. within 14. into 15. exceeding 16. beyond 17. after 18. before19. forward 20. back 21. below22. above 23. beyond 24. across 25. extreme练习五1. dispensable, convertible, tolerable, reversible2. assistant, resistant, consistent, persistent3. calculator, liar,subscriber, survivor4. confectionery, adversary, tributary, monastery5. capricious, presumptuous, momentous, spontaneous二．复合法A. 1. greenbelt 2. greengrocer3. greenhorn4. greenroomB. 1. handbag 2. handbook3. handbrake4. handrailC. 1. aftercare 2. aftereffect3. aftertaste4. afterthoughtD. 1. sleeping bag 2. sleeping car3. sleeping pill4. sleeping partnerE. 1. running mate 2. running hand3. running head4. running boardF. 1. washbasin 2. washboard3. washerwoman4. washclothG. 1. sunburn 2. sunburst3. sunset4. sunshineH. 1. breakdown 2. break-in3. breakthrough4. breakupI. 1. outbreak 2. outcry3. outlay4. outlet练习二A．1．火力2．火把3．燃烧弹4．消防队5．太平梯B．1．(空袭)紧急警报2．隆重的欢迎3．红色肉类4．官样文章5．鲑鱼C．1．流动资本2．工作负载3．工作状态4．计算5．工人D．1．(录音等的)播放2．花花公子3．(学校的)放假日4．操场5．剧作家练习三1. farfetched2. newborn3. heart-beat4. built-in5. clothes-washing6. dust-laden7. oncoming 8. fair-minded, good-hearted 9. self-evident 10. grown-up练习四1．修改，校订2．冷淡3，对……进行军法审判4．将……上手铐5. 骤然把……塞进6．用沙袋阻塞7．船只失事8’使短路9。
(完整版)(整理)英语词汇学练习及答案
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3. Old English was a highly inflected language .
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4. In early Middle English period , English , Latin , and Celtic existed side by side . (
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5. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period . (
五． Choose the standard word from the column on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.
a. tart
girl
b. bloke
police
c. gat
great
d. swell
drunk
Swedish Spanish Prussian French Slovenian Danish Portuguese
二． Fill in the blanks according to the text :
The language used between 450 and ___________ is called _________ , which has a vocabulary of ___________ . Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to ____________ , followed by the ______________ period , subdivided as early modern English ( ______________ ) and late _____________ ( 1700- up to now )
英语词汇学试题汇编
英语词汇学试题汇编Chapter 1 Basic Concept of Words and Vocabulary1. Which of the following statements is CORRECTA. The English language is noted for its modest borrowings.B. Loan words only refer to those borrowings in form.C. Loan words are all unrecognizable as being foreign in origin.D. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.2. The term "vocabulary "is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that_____.A. it can refer to the common core of a languageB. it can refer to the total number of the words in a languageC. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical periodD. it can stand for words in a given dialect or field3. A word is a symbol that________.A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD. shows different ideas in different sounds4. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because theyA. are complex words.B. are technical wordC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.5. The basic word stock forms the common____of the language.6. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or____. 7．Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited_____________概念：jargonChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary1. __is considered to be a highly-inflected language.A Old English B. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. Late Modem English2. The introduction of______ at the end of the'-6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. printing, B Christianity C. French words D. all the above3. Though still at work today, ___can hardly compare with what it was in the past.A. word-formationB. borrowingC. derivationD. conversion4. Early Modern English refers to the language spokenA. from 1066 to 1500B. from 1150 to 1500C. from 1500 to 1700D. from 1600 to 18005. Old English has a vocabulary of about_______words.A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,0006. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of___in the Middle English period.A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin概念：Germanic，Old English简答：Is it true that archaic and obsolete words in English will remain for ever out of useChapter 3 Word Formation I1. A morpheme that can stand alone as a word is thought to be----- .A. affixationalB. derivationalC. freeD. bound2. Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as____A. bound rootsB. free morphemesC. inflectional morphemesD. derivational affixes3. ______are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words.A. RootsB. StemsC. Affixes D, Compounds4. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and____5. Almost all affixes are_____________ morphemes because few can be used as independent words.概念：morphs，allomorph，morpheme简答：1。