名词从句讲义

第四讲名词性从句

一、知识点拨

（一）宾语从句（Object Clause）

同学们在初中阶段时就开始接触宾语从句了。当将一个直接引语转为间接引语时，就是在构造一个与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句了。在直接引语向间接引语转化的过程中，应就不同的句型类别进行不同的处理。而不同的句型类别都应根据转述者和转述时间对宾语从句中的人称、时态及状语作相应的调整。

1.陈述句: 不需调整语序，只要对人称，时态或状语作一定的变化即可。通常，若主句中

的动词为过去时，则从句中的时态也要相应后退一格。但如从句部分是客观真理，时态则务须变化。如：

①When the fox could not reach the grapes, he said, “The grapes are sour.”

→ When the fox could not reach the grapes, he said that the grapes were sour.

②She said, “Necessity is the mother of invention”

→She said that necessity is the mother of invention.

2.疑问句：可分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两类。

⑴一般疑问句: 转为if 或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句，且调整为陈述句语序，即主

谓宾的顺序。有时可用或whether … or not的结构。如：

“Do you want to insure your luggage or not?” he asked.

⑵但当疑问词即是句子中的主语，

则无需变换语序。如：

①“How are you getting along with your English study?” asked John.

→ John asked me how I was getting along with my English study.

②He asked, “What caused the accident?” → He asked what had caused the accident.

3.祈使句: 可不再转为宾语从句，而是用“命令性动词+ 人称代词（宾格）/名词+ 不定

式”的结构来表达相近的意思。如：

I said, “Keep a record of your expenses.”

→

4.”的结构。如：

She exclaimed, “What a silly boy you are!”

→She told him what a silly boy he was.

5.特殊结构：可根据句子的意思作灵活的变通。如：

①“You had better not leave your car unlocked,” said my friends, “there has been a lot of

stealing from cars.”

→ My friends warned me not to leave my car unlocked as there had been a lot of stealing from cars.

②British poet P.B.Shelly said, “If winter comes, can spring be far behind?”

→British poet P.B.Shelly said that spring can’t be far behind if winter came.

掌握了与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句的构成，其它动词后的宾语从句也就不难理解了。

须注意两类动词：

1. 表示说话者认知的动词：know, believe, think, explain, guess, hope, agree, understand, realize,

suppose, expect 等动词后既可以跟that 引导的陈述分句作宾语，that常被省略；又可以跟疑问分句。如：

①One should know what’s what.

② A straw shows which way the wind blows.

值得注意的是：

⑴有些表示猜想的动词后的从句中的否定式通常前移至主句中。如：

I don’t think he can do it better than me.

⑵反意疑问句通常是对复合句中的主句发问，但若主句为I think／believe／suppose时, 则

对从句发问。如：

We never thought she would play so well in the match, had we?

I think you’ll come to the meeting, won’t you?

⑶回答对think，believe，guess，hope等词提问的一般疑问句时，可用缩略式，即肯定回

答用so；否定回答用not或don’t …so。其中hope的否定回答只能用not。如：

Do you think / hope / guess / believe he will treat the child like that?

Yes, I think / hope / guess / believe so.

= Yes, I think / hope / guess / believe (that) he will treat the child like that.

No, I don’t think / believe / suppose so.

= No, I don’t think / believe / suppose (that) he will treat the child like that.

No, I hope / believe / guess not.

= No, I hope / believe / guess (that) he will treat the child like that.

⑷wonder (想知道), doubt (怀疑)等动词本身带有不确定性，故后面多跟疑问分句。注意，doubt在肯定句中，后接if或whether引导的宾语从句；在否定句和疑问句中后接that引导的宾语从句。如：

①I wonder who he is.

②I doubt if / whether she is so vain and ignorant.

I don’t doubt (that) she is so vain and ignorant.

2. 表达说话者强烈意愿的动词：其后所跟的宾语从句须用虚拟语气。

⑴suggest，advise，order，demand，insist等动词后用“(that) … should do …”的结构，此时

should可被省去。如：

Let us suggest to the person in crisis that he (should) cease concentrating so upon the dangers involved and the difficulties, and concentrate instead upon the opportunity- for there is always opportunity in crisis.

⑵动词wish后的宾语从句多为不可能实现的愿望，故常将时态后退一格以示虚拟。如：

①I wish that all men everywhere could be free.

②I wish she had taken my advice.

3.

⑴有些动词后带有宾语从句作为其直接宾语，同时带有一个人称代词或名词作为