英语中的限定词

限定词

限定词DETERMINER〕是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指SPECIFIC REFERENCE〕、类指GENERIC REFERENCE〕以及表示确定数量DEFINITE QUANTITY〕和非确定数量INDEFINITE QUANTITY〕等限定作用的词类.名词词组除有词汇意义外,还有其所指意义REFERENTIAL MEANING〕,是特指即指特写的对象〕,还是类指即泛指一类人或物〕；是有确定的数量,还是没有确定的数量.能在名词词组中表示这种所指意义的词类就是限定词.英语的限定词包括：

定冠词DEFINTITE ARTICLE〕,不定冠词INDEFINITE ARTICLE〕,零冠词ZERO ARTICLE〕

物主限定词POSSESSIVE DETERMINER〕,my, your, his, her, our, your, their, one's, its.

名词属格GENITIVE NOUN〕,John's, my friend's.

指示限定词DEMONSTRATIVE DETERMINER〕,this, that, these, those, such.

关系限定词RELATIVE DETERRMINER〕,whose, which.

疑问限定词INTERROGATIVE DETERMINER〕,what, which, whose.

不定限定词INDEFINITE DETERMINER〕,no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, a few, a little, other, another.

基数词CARDINAL NUMERAL〕和序数词ORDINAL NUMERAL〕

倍数词MULTIPLICATIVE NUMERAL〕和分数词FRACTIONAL NUMERAL〕

量词QUANTIFIER〕a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great of, a good deal of, a large of, a small amount of, a quantity of, a great of, a good number of等.

限定词与名词词组中心词之间有着某种固定的搭配关系；如果名词之前带有两个或两个以上的限定词,则限定词与限定词之间也有某种固定的搭配关系.本讲主要解决这两种搭配关系问题.

1 限定词与三类名词的搭配关系

限定词的选择决定于随后的名词的类别,是单数名词、复数名词,还是不可数名词.

1〕能与三类名词搭配的限定词

有些限定词如the, some, any, no, other, whose以及my, your等物主限定词和名词属格John's, my friend's〕等能与三类名词搭配.例如：

the book, my book, my friend's book, John's book, any book, some book, no book, the other book, whose book, the books,

my books, my friend's book, John's books, any books, some books, no books, the other books, whose books, the money, my money, my friend's money, John's money, any money,

some money, no money, the other money, whose money.

2〕只能与单数名词搭配的限定词

有些限定词如an, one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a 等只能与单数名词搭配.例如：

each worker, either book, an apple, another book, such a book, every student, neither sentence, one copy, many a book.

3 只能与复数名词搭配的限定词

有些限定词如both, two, three, another two / three, many, a few, several, these, those, a great number of等只能与复数名词搭配.例如：

both workers, several students, a number of essays, many students, a few words, these / those books, two / three visitors, another two / three students.

4 只能与不可数名词搭配的限定词

有些限定词如a little bit of, a great amount of, a great deal of, a little, much等只能与不可数名词搭配.例如：

a bit of water, a great amount of labour, a great deal of work, a little space, much noise.

5〕能与单、复数名词搭配的限定词

有些限定词如the first, the second, the last, the next等既可与单数名词搭配,也可与复数名词搭配.例如：

the first rose, the last man, the next meeting, the first roses, the last men, the next meetings.

6〕能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词

有些限定词如this, that, the least等能与单数名词和不可数名词搭配.例如：

the least sign of prejudice, this / that job, the least knowledge, this / that work.

7〕能与复数名词和不可数名词搭配的限定词

还有些限定词如a lot of, lots of, enough, more, most, such, other等可与复数名词和不可数名词搭配.例如：

a lot of books, a lot of money, lots of chickens, lots of food, plenty of chairs, plenty of water, enough copies, enough coal, more articles, more time, most people, most work, such men, such bread, other men, other bread.