02英美文学-新古典主义时期

John Dryden (1631—1700)
约翰· 德莱顿
John Dryden
1. An English poet, dramatist, and critic. 2. He first came to notice: Heroic Stanzas, which memorized the death of Oliver Cromwell. 3.He later sang for the Royalists and became an Anglican(英国圣公会教 徒)being a Cavalier poet. 4. He became a poet laureate(桂冠诗 人).
Pope’s Works:
(4) Translations, in heroic couplet The Iliad of Homer《荷马的伊里亚特》 The Odyssey of Homer 《河马的奥德赛》 (5)The Works of Shakespeare 《莎士比亚 全集》
Workmanship
• 1. Pope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century. • 2.He became so perfect in using heroic couplet. • 3. He was a diligent reader.
John Bunyan

6.Symbolism is another feature in The Pilgrim’s Progress.
人生→朝圣者们的艰难历程 人→天路的朝圣者 基督寻求救赎的朝圣历程→ 人类摆脱世间烦恼和焦虑、 追求美好永恒未来的过程。
Bunyan’s language:
1.Bunyan’s language is chiefly plain and colloquial and quite modern in comparison with that of the writers of the Renaissance. 2. His language is clear, vivid, natural, homely (朴实的), fluent, musical and powerful.

Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress
• 4. Bunyan cherished a deep hatred of both the king and his government. • 5. Bunyan’s prose is admirable. • It is popular speech ennobled by the solemn dignity and simplicity of the language of the English Bible.

John Bunyan 约翰· 班扬
John Bunyan(1628—1688)
John Bunyan: a Puritan poet
• •
• • •
His Works:
1. Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner (written in prison)

Pope’s Works:
• (6) “The Dunciad” • “愚人志”, a satirical poem. • (7) “Moral Essays” • “道德论”, a philosophic poem. • (8) “An Essay on Men” • “人论”, a philosophic poem.

2) Pope’s Works:
(1) Pastorals《田园组诗》 (2) Essay on Criticism《论批评》a didactic
poem in heroic couplets (3) The Rape of the Lock《夺发记》, the masterpiece, which is worth reading for its description and satire of the dull court life of England of that time.

5. political satires: 1) “Absolom and Achitophel” “押沙龙与阿托奈拖菲尔” Its subject is politics and written in heroic couplet. 6. a comedy

Marriage a la Mode
The Neoclassical Period
The Neoclassical Period
Between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of Romanticism which came with the publication of lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 恪守希腊罗马时期的古典美学原则 形式上强调体裁的既定形式，主题上强调 文学的道德说教性 与文艺复兴的最大区别：后者更注重古典 文艺中的人文主义精神
《罪人受恩记》《功德无量》
2. Pilgrim’s Progress
(masterpiece) 《天路历程》
John Bunyan: a Puritan poet
3. The Life and Death of Mr. Badman 《恶人先生的生平和死亡》 《贝德曼先生的一生》 4.The Holy War 《神圣战争》
John Dryden’s Works:
3. tragedy and blank-verse masterpiece: “All for Love” “一切为了爱情” 4. critical works: “Essay of Dramatic Poesy” “论戏剧诗”

· 德 莱 顿
Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress
…a
man clothed with rags standing in a certain place, with his face from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great burden upon his back. I looked, and saw him open the book, and read therein; 基督徒 and as he read, he wept and trembled; and, not being able longer to contain, he brake out with a lamentable cry, 一个人穿着破烂的衣服, 站在一个地方,背对着自 saying, "What shall I do?" 己的房舍,手里拿着一本书,背上 负着一个沉重的包袱。我正看着，只见他打开书本一边阅读， 一边流泪，全身颤抖，后来情不自禁地伤心起来：“我应该做 点什么？” the worldly troubles the Bible and worries
Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress
1. The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory. 2. Though an allegory, its characters impress the reader like real persons. In reality, the Celestial City in The Pilgrim’s Progress is the vision of an ideal happy society dreamed by a poor tinker in the 17th century, through a veil of religious mist（迷雾）

Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress
具有寓意性质的和人名 具有寓意性质的和地名
Faithful
Truth
the Celestial City
天国城
Judge Hate-good
恨善法官
the Delectable Mountains
快乐山
Envy
对当时 社会现 实生活 作了相 当广泛 的批判 性描述

John Dryden’s Works
Changeable, a time-server(随波逐流的人): 1. an elegy on Cromwell’s death: “Herioick Stanza” ”英雄诗辩” 2. An Ode on Charles II: “Astraea Redux””伸张正义” 3.a didactic poem when James II in reign “The Hind and the Panther” “牝鹿与豹”

Bunyan’s language:

3.He paved the way not only in language style but also in writing technique of novels, for the novelists of the 18th century as Swift and Defoe.

《时尚婚姻》《现代婚姻》
Comments
1. Dryden made his prose precise, concise and flexible, and raised English literary criticism to a new level. 2. Following the standards of classicism, he established the heroic couplet. John Dryden was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century.
3. “Vanity Fair” is a remarkable passage. It is an epitome of the English society after the Restoration. Everything can be sold or bought in this fair and the persecution of Christian and Faithful is described.
Alexander Pope 亚历山大· 薄伯 （1688—1744）
Alexander Pope 亚历山大·薄伯
Alexander Pope 亚历山大· 薄伯
1) Pope is a classical poet in the period of English Enlightenment. (At the age of 12, he contracted得病 tuberculosis结核 of the spine脊骨 that left him dwarfed变矮小, twisted and hunchbacked驼背.)
wk.baidu.com
Superstition Pickthank拍马 Badman恶人 Malice怨恨
Doubting Castle 怀疑城堡 the Vanity Fair the Slough of Despond the City of Destruction
毁灭城 绝望泥潭 名利场
Analysis: The Pilgrim’s Progress