物流英语阅读理解十篇
01《物流专业英语》--Unit-1-What-is-logistics-第三版新编PPT课件
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The Coca Cola soft drink product moves by the typical supply chain. The retail price is higher because value is added to the product as it passes through each node in the supply chain (Figure 2).
值得注意的是，人们，尤其是非专业人士，对物流有一种广泛 的误导性概念，即认为物流就是运输。的确，运输是物流 的核心构成部分，没有运输什么也动不起来。即使如此， 物流仍然比单独的运输所能传达的意义要深远得多。
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How a bottle of Coca Cola coke moves to an end consumer 一瓶可乐是如何到达最终消费者手中的
If a consumer wants to have a bottle of Coca Cola coke, he can choose to:
如果客户想买一瓶可口可乐，他可能选择：
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go straight to the manufacturer, buy it at ex-factory price (e.g. 1.50 Yuan/bottle) but pay extra costs for bus fare (e.g. 5 Yuan or more) , totaling 6.50 Yuan plus time cost (hours of bus travel), or
B选择是个人零散客户最常用的选择，在此种方式下，客户支付 较高的零售价，在享有较低的总成本的同时，还可以换取 购物的轻松并免除到厂家取货的耗时旅程。
物流英语试卷A卷
广州市机电技师学院番禺校区2014～2015学年度第一学期13级《物流英语》期末考试试卷（A 卷）班级 学号 姓名 总分(适用班级:1318 考试形式：闭卷 时间：90分钟)I.信息匹配题（Match A with B ）(2*10=20分)。
( )1.supply chain A.物料需求计划( )2.third party logistics B.经济订货批量( )3. twenty-feet equivalent unit(TEU) C.销售时点系统( )4.WMS D.电子订货系统( )6.safety stock E.第三方物流( )7.EOS F.仓库管理系统( )8.POS G.供应链( )9.EOQ H.标准箱( )10.MRP I.安全库存II. 给出下列单词或词组的英文(2*10=20分)。
1. 条码:______________;2.物流：__________________;3. 地理信息系统：__________________；4.全球定位系统：________________________;5. 配送：_________________________;6.托运人：_______________________;7. 承运人：______________________; 8.门到门服务：____________________________; 9. 托盘：_______________________; 10.企业资源计划：____________________________; III. 选词填空。
(2*5=10分)consignment note used for the carriage of goods by air.2．Several cars are____________________ within this price range.3．Logistics information is one of the key factors of _________________________.4．__________________ deals with thebuying of goods and services that keep theorganization functioning. 5．____________________ focuses onprotecting the product while it is being shipped and stored.IV.阅读理解（30分）(A)Different weather makes people feel different. It influences health, intelligence(智力) and feelings. In August, it is very hot and wet in the southern part of the United States. People there have heart trouble and other kinds of health problems during this month. In the Northeast and the Middle West, it is very hot at some times and very cold at other times. People in these states(州) have more heart trouble after the weather changes in February or March.The weather can also influence intelligence. For example, in a 1983 report by scientists, IQ(智商) of a group of students was very high when a very strong wind came, but after the strong wind, their IQ was 10% lower. The wind can help people have more intelligence. Very hot weather, on the other hand, can make it lower. Students in many schools of the United States often get worse on exams in the hot months of the year (July and August).Weather also has a strong influence on people’s feeling s. Winter may be a bad time for thin people. They usually feel cold during these months. They might feel unhappy during cold fat people may have a hard time inhot summer. At about 18℃, people become stronger.Low air pressure(气压) may make people forgetful(健忘). People leave more bags on buses and in shops on low-pressure days. People feel best at a temperature of about 18℃.Are you feeling sad, tired, forgetful, or unhappy today? It may be the weather’s problem. ( )1．What can cause problems on health？A. Hot and wet weatherB. A strong windC. Warm weatherD. Low air pressure( )2．A report shows that people may have more intelligence when ______ comes.A. rainB. a strong windC. very hot weatherD. low air pressure ( )3．According to the writer, fat people may feel bad in ______ weather.A. coldB. coolC. warmD. hot ( )4．The writer wants to tell us that ______.A. hot and cold weather influences all people in the same wayB. weather influences people’s behaviourC. IQ changes when weather changesD. people feel good on low pressure days( )5．Which is the best title(标题) for this passage？A. Hot Weather Causes Health ProblemsB. Different Weather Makes People Feel BadC. Weather Influences FeelingsD. Weather Influences Health, Intelligence and Feelings( B ) Qi Haoran, a Junior 1 student, was quite busy over the past winter vacation –and not just with homework. Qi, together with 10 other classmates made a volunteer group to call on people to join the Clean Your Plate Campaign (“光盘行动”).The 11 students went to many restaurants and told people the importance of saving food. “Excuse me, do you know that 950 million people around the world still haven’t got enough to eat? Please don’t waste food.” They would say this kind of thing hundreds of times every day.The Clean Your Plate Campaign began on the Internet in January. It calls on people to reduce food waste.China in these years had serious problems with wasted food. CCTV reported in January that the food Chinese people waste every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.Chinese people are well known for being hospitable (好客的) and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food.Luckily, the campaign has got the support of many. In a restaurant in Beijing, the owner give the guests who have eaten all that they ordered a sticker (贴花). People can enjoy a free meal when they have 10 stickers. More than 750 restaurants in Beijing have begun to offer smaller dishes and encourage their guests to take leftovers (剩饭剩菜) home.To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. It’s important that everyone does their bit, just like Qi. Did you finish your meals today? ( )6．What did the 11 students do in the winter vacation?A. They helped each other with homework.B. They opened a restaurant together.C. They volunteered for a campaign.D. They collected money from customers in restaurants.( )7．In the first passage the underlined word “call on ” means ______A. 打电话B.号召C.拜访D.叫喊( )8．The Clean Your Plate Campaign calls on people to _____.A. do volunteer workB. work part time in restaurantsC. cut down on food wasteD. wash your plates after dinner( )9．From Paragraphs 4-5, we learn that _____.A. wasting food is a serious problem in ChinaB. Chinese people waste the most food in the worldC. Chinese people want to show off that they are richD. most Chinese people are afraid of losing face at the table( )10．What did the restaurant in Beijing do to support the campaign?A. The owner would have dinner with those who had eaten up their food.B. It offered a free meal to the guests who had finished all their food ten times.C. It gave stickers to the guests who ordered small dishes.D. It encouraged customers to take leftovers home.CDawn Loggins, a homeless girl from Burns High School, is going to Harvard University in the fall.Dawn grew up in a poor situation. Her house had no electricity or running water, so she had to do her homework in the dark. She lived with her parents who took drugs.One summer, Dawn left home for a one-month program in North Carolina for outstanding high school students. When she came back, she found her house empty, with a government notice on the front door. Her parents had left already and Dawn became homeless.After learning that, teachers helped her in any way they could. Sheryl Kolton, a bus driver at Burns,even let Dawn live at her house.Dawn didn't let her situation stop her drive to be successful. As a high school student, she joined indifferent school activities at Burns: band club, photography club and cross-country club. In her spare time,she gave out newspapers and did some other part-time jobs to make extra money. At the same time, she got A's in all her subjects."When I was younger, I was able to look at all the terrible situations, and made a decision for myself that I was not going to end up like my par ents.” Dawn said.Dawn applied (申请) to four North Carolina universities and her dream one, Harvard. In March this year, she got a reply from Harvard. It said that she was not only admitted to the university, but also offered a full scholarship (奖学金).Dawn's story has gone around the world. People have sent best wishes and money to her. Dawn is thankful for their kindness. "When I get to university, I hope to start an organization to help other students in trouble so that they can continue their education. And I know my future is going to be great.” she said.( )11．After Dawn came back from the summer program, she .A. repaired her house with her friendsB. got help from teachers and Sheryl KoltonC. lived with her parents in a dark houseD. worked as a writer for a newspaper( )12．The underlined phrase "admitted to” probably means .A. told to leaveB. invited to reportC. asked to cleanD. allowed to enter( )13．The passage tells us that Dawn .A. applied to five universitiesB. wanted to live like her parents( )14．The best title for this passage mightbe .A. A Famous UniversityB. A Young TeacherC. An Amazing GirlD. A Kind Driver( )15.What does the underlined word “fall” in the first paragraph mean?A. 坠落B.摔倒C. 秋天D. 冬天VI.把下列词组和句子翻译成汉语（4*5=20分）。
专业英语物流英语作文
专业英语物流英语作文Logistics English。
With the development of global trade, logistics has become an important part of international commerce. Inorder to effectively manage the flow of goods and information, it is necessary to have a good understandingof logistics English.Logistics English is a specialized language used in the logistics industry. It includes a wide range of terms and concepts related to the transportation, storage, and distribution of goods. Some of the key areas of logistics English include shipping, warehousing, inventory management, and supply chain management.One of the most important aspects of logistics Englishis the ability to communicate effectively with customersand suppliers. This requires a good understanding of the different shipping terms and procedures used ininternational trade, as well as the ability to negotiate contracts and resolve disputes.In addition to communication skills, logistics professionals must also have a strong understanding of logistics technology. This includes knowledge of transportation management systems, warehouse management systems, and other software tools used to track and manage the movement of goods.Effective logistics management also requires a focus on safety and security. This includes ensuring that goods are properly packaged and labeled, and that they are transported and stored in a secure manner. It also involves working closely with customs officials to ensure that all necessary documentation is in order and that goods are properly cleared for import or export.Overall, logistics English is an essential skill for anyone working in the logistics industry. By mastering the language and concepts of logistics, professionals can improve their ability to manage the flow of goods andinformation, and help their companies to succeed in the global marketplace.。
物流案例概括英文作文
物流案例概括英文作文英文：Logistics is an essential part of any business that involves the movement of goods. It is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the movement of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. Logistics involves the coordination of various activities such as transportation, warehousing, and inventory management.In my experience, I have seen logistics play a critical role in the success of a business. For example, when I worked at a retail store, we relied heavily on logistics to ensure that our products were delivered to our customers on time. We had to coordinate with our suppliers to ensurethat they delivered the products to our warehouse on time. We also had to ensure that our warehouse was properly managed, and our inventory was accurately tracked.Another example is when I worked at a manufacturing company. We had to ensure that our raw materials were delivered to our factory on time, and our finished products were shipped to our customers on time. We had to coordinate with our suppliers, transportation companies, and customers to ensure that everything was delivered on time.Logistics can be challenging, especially when dealing with unexpected events such as delays in transportation or changes in customer demand. However, with proper planning and coordination, these challenges can be overcome.中文：物流是涉及货物运输的任何企业不可或缺的部分。
物流英语(深圳)考证必考题
短文阅读理解ESS Y11：What is the meaning of “cost-effective”?（）A. cost reducedB. EconomicallyC. cost evaluateD. TO add cost2：（）creates time value.A. TransportationB. Goods flowC. Different locationD. storage3：What is the same meaning of location value?A .Different valueB. Different value of same goodsat the different places.C. Different goodsD. Different value of differentgoods at the same place.4：What is the distributionprocessing value?A. DistributionB. processingC. Sales and processingD. changing the length,thickness and the package ofthe goods5：The distribution process value is available in all logistics activities. Is it correct or not ?A. BothB. Y esC. N otD. N ot clearADBDCESS Y21：what are the main different between traditional andmodern logistics?A. Containerization techniquesB. Information techniquesC. A and BD. GPA, EDT, POS and so on2：What is the logistics base module?A. 1200×1000mmB. 2591×2438mmC. 600×400mmD. A, B and C3：What is the most important in the logistics informationsystem?A. EDIB. POSC. GPSD. Bar code4：What is the function of internet to the logistics?A. To direct the operationB. To help the market development,operation and management C. To guide the mobile equipment,like truck and shipD. To speed up the process5：The logistics standardization starts from the operation of（）.A. TransportationB. storageC. DistributionD. packagingCCABDESS Y31：What is the subject for the paragraph?A. The international tradeB. The internationaltransportC. The internationallogisticsD. International economy 2：What is the same meaning as “Internationalization”?A. N ationalizationB. GlobalizationC. IntegrationD. standardization3：What is the meaning of trend?A. General directionB. Developing roadC. wayD. path４：The international transport and the international logistics are same. Is it correct or not?A. N ot mention in the paragraphB. N ot clearC. wrongD. right５：Ｔhe international trade needs the（）to fulfill it’s transaction.CBADB1：What is the main topic above paragraph?A. logistic must beglobalizationB. logistic is developingC. logistic needs all nationsinvolved in the worldD. logistic activity isinternational２：Developed countries, links US, have moved the some manufactures to the developing countries. Is it true or not?A. yes C. I don’t knowB. N ot D. N ot mentioned inthis paragraph ３：Ｗhat is the N O.1 benefit from the global logistics for thedeveloped countries.A. market shareB. Raw materialC. Low costD. Human resources４：The main disadvantage is（）in global logistic.A. Unqualified productsB. Different languagesC. Transportation delayedD. Unreliable delivery ofgoods５：How many flows are there in global logistics?A. OneB. TwoC. FourD. ThreeAACDDESS Y91： The disadvantages of rail transport compare with motorcarrier is（）A. costB. speedC. lost and damage ratiosD. Transit time and frequency ofservice2：The disadvantage abovementioned can be overcome by（）A. combined transportB. More frequencyC. Fast trainD. More flexible3：The advantage of rail transport are（）A. Great amount of shippedB. less damage rationC. Fast speed, exact schedule,cost savedD. Direct shipping line4：Railroads own about（）of the their car fleet.A. HalfB.80%C.20%D. N ot mentioned 5：What is the meaning ofMetropolitan areas?A. Around the cityB. City itselfC. The area near the cityD. Big city and is neighborareaDACBD1：Water transport is the（）way of shipping bulk and low price goods.A. Most inexpensiveB. Save moneyC. low costD. Economically2：Marine shipping is the same as （）transport.A. MilitaryB. AirC. WaterD. Road3：Crude oil carriers often use （）A. Big shipsB. Huge shipsC. Large container shipsD. Supertankers4：Ocean transport use（）ships mostly.A. bulkB. containerC. bargeD. RO/RO5：Container is most benefit for （）A. Transport carrying, loadingand unloadingB. StorageC. TransportingD. DistributionDACBDESS Y111：What are the advantages for motor transportation?A. Door to door serviceB. FastC. FlexibilityD. A and C2：How long is the economicdistance for motor?A.750 milesB.1000kmC.1000miles or lessD.200km3：Loss and damage ratio for motor are lower than any other modes.Is it correct?A. Y esB. DependC. N otD. I don’t know4：Motor transport has the biggest market share in paragraph? Is it true or not?A. Y esB. N otC. N ot clearD. N o mention 5：What is the meaning of “Short hauls”?A. N ear wayB. The distance is not longC. Direct lineD.?DCCABESS Y121：What is the disadvantage for air transportation?A .Quick but not safeB. Less frequencyC .It can’t lift heavy goodsD. The highest cost in alltransport modes2：What kind of products do the air carriers deliver?A. The high valueB. Low density or weightC. A and BD. Shortest time to transport3：How much is the percent of air transportation in all modes?A. Less than1%B. LowestC. LowerD. Low4：Where is the most air freight shipped in the passengeraircraft?A. SeparatelyB. In same levelC. In the lower partD. N o mention here5：How many tons does the cargao737 carry?A.100 tonsB. N ot clearC. More than 100 tonsD.I don’t knowDCACCESS Y151：If you make different trade in different countries ,you must take different transport modes. Is it correct or not?A. Y esB. N otC. It must be based on costD. N o mention in the paragraph 2：Where is the rail service better than U.S?A. CanadaB. EuropeC. JapanD. N owhere3：Which does it cost much, international transportation or domestic one?A. International transportB. Domestic transportC. BothD. Differentcountry, different cost4：Re-handling can save cost and improve service. Is it true or not?A. WrongB. N ot total trueC. TrueD. N ot clear here 5：What is the most important when the freight is decided?A. RateB. modal availabilityC. service levelD. The distance of marketABACD。
物流英语复习资料
一、单词复习商品: merchandise 线路:line 合资企业:Joint Venture 陆运:land transportation 处理:handle 装箱单:packing slip 零售包装:consumer packaging 仓储: storage 排除:eliminate信息服务:service information 零风险:zero defects 定舱位: book the shipping space 存储:storage对待: approach 入库作业:indoor operation 卸货: discharge 海关:Customs 知名的:big name入库保税品: warehouse bond 检查站: checkpoint 防热的: Heat-proof 供应链: supply chain工具: facility 条形码:Bar code 分销渠道:distribution channel 商标: trademark工业包装: industrial packaging 样品:sample 规格:specification供应商:supplier 可以使用的:available 发货区:receiving space 竞争:competition 询问:inquiry估算:evaluation 原材料:raw material代表:on behalf of represent 实际上:in practice 总重: gross weight二、句子复习(1)Electronic order system is for the operation ordering and the information exchange by internet among the firms.电子订货系统的操作命令和信息交换之间通过互联网公司(2)Customer service is meant to provide facility for customer’s nee d or inquiry and arrange it.客户服务的目的是提供设施的用户需要或查询及安排。
有关物流的英文作文
有关物流的英文作文英文：Logistics is an essential part of any business operation, and it involves the planning, implementation, and control of the movement of goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. As someone who has worked in logistics for several years, I can attest to the fact that it is a complex and challenging field that requires a lot of attention to detail and a strong ability to problem-solve.One of the biggest challenges in logistics is ensuring that goods are delivered on time and in good condition. This requires careful planning and coordination between various parties, including suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. For example, if a shipment of goods is delayed due to unforeseen circumstances such as bad weather or transportation issues, it can cause a ripple effect throughout the entire supply chain, leading todelays and increased costs.Another challenge in logistics is managing inventory levels. It is important to strike a balance between having enough inventory to meet demand and not having too much inventory that can lead to excess costs and waste. This requires careful analysis of sales data and forecasting future demand, as well as working closely with suppliers to ensure that they can deliver the necessary goods in atimely manner.Despite the challenges, logistics can be a rewardingfield to work in. It requires a lot of problem-solvingskills and the ability to think on your feet, which can be both challenging and exciting. Additionally, there is a lot of room for growth and advancement, as logistics is acritical part of any business operation.中文：物流是任何企业运营的重要组成部分，它涉及从起点到终点的货物运输的规划、实施和控制。
物流英语试题与参考答案5
物流英语试题与参考答案5一、选择填空，用已给单词或词语的正确形式填空（共10小题，第小题1分，共10分）in short sector overlap coordinate loadperspective schedule incorporate distribute deal1. The man had thirty parcels to at houses all over the town.2. A successful firm must be able to demand and supply.3. The logistics requirements consist of shipments of finished products from manufacturing plants to distribution centers and retailers.4. Usually we divide the industry into public and private .5. Supply chain should be studied from different in order to get favorable operation.6. Since current forecasts may combine some future orders and promotional volume, there must bean between them.7. Inventories are stockpiles of raw materials, supplies, components, work-in-process and finished goods that appear at numerous points throughout a firm’s production and logistics channel: , many things are involved in inventory.8. Many of your suggestions have been in the new plan.9. If we’re with bigger shipments, the relative costs vary.10. We’ll send you by air a full set of non-negotiable documentsimmediately after the goods are .二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week and 52 weeks a year, 1 and coordinating the transport and delivery of products and service to customers all over the world.Coming into being with the advent of civilization, logistics is 2 a newborn baby. 3 , when it comes to modern logistics, most professionals in the business consider it one of the most challenging and exciting jobs, invisible 4 it is.Modern logistics is related to the effective and efficient 5 of materials and information that are of vital importance to customers and client in various sectors of the economic society, 6 may include but by no means is limited to:Packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory, transport forecasting, strategic planning customer service.“Logistics is that 7 of the supply chain process that plans, implements and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information 8 the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet customers’requirements.” 9 this definition fails to incorporate all specific terms used in the study of logistics, it 10 reflect the need for total movement management frompoint of material procurement to location of finished product distribution.1. A. planning B. planed C. plans D. plan2. A. anything but B. nothing but C. everything but D. something but3. A. But B. However C. Besides D. Although4. A. like B. so C. as D. so long as5. A. move B. flow C. distribution D. interchange6. A. that B. as C. so D. which7. A. a part B. part C. partial D. parts8. A. from B. range C. vary D. stretch9. A. Though B. Although C. Anyway D. But10. A. is B. does C. do D. has三、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）(一)With the quick expanding of our company in South China, we need 3—5 materials logistics professionals in our Guangzhou branch.Responsibilities:--Be able to assess total logistics & shipping activities / requirements in general Guangdong province.--Supervise and support China logistics on-site & function.--Work with logistic providers, customers and account team.Qualifications:--Bachelor degree or above.--At least 5 years working experience in logistics field.--Optimistic, independent, cooperative with good team, spirit and full of interpersonal skills.--Excellent command of English and communication skills. Fluency in spoken English will be preferable.--Knowledge and hands-on experience of China import / export operation and customs procedures.1. Which kind of position was this advertisement recruiting for?A. Logistics manager.B. Warehousing director.C. Accountant.D. Material logistics professional2. Was male gender preferable in the advertisement?A. Yes, they prefer men to women.B. No, female is more preferable.C. They need one man and three women.D. It is not mentioned.3. Where would the new employees work?A. Hong Kong.B. Beijing.C. Guangzhou.D. Hangzhou.4. Why should the new employees be full of interpersonal skills?A. Because they would talk a lot in work.B. Because they would work as team members.C. Because they would work really hard.D. Because there would be quite a lot of customer complaints to deal with.5. According to the text, the thing that really counts in recruiting logistics personnel is .A. abilityB. genderC. education backgroundD. nationality（二）A. Hello. Welcome to Wuxi.B. Can I speak to Tom?A. Speaking.B. This is Liyuan Electronics Co. of Xinyang.A: Have you received the request from the Guangzhou Customs House regarding the survey of your cargo?B: Yes. But is it a condition to go through the custom clearance procedures?A: Yes, of course. The Customs House must make sure that the goods you sent to be exported conform to what is stated on the airway bill.B. But the consignment is very small, only 90 kilograms of CDs.A: It is the rule that each and every consignment for export shall be inspected before leaving China.B: Can’t you put in a word for us? You are our freight forwarder for so many years and …..A: Sorry. But that is not the rules of the game. You had better send someone here as soon as possible. Otherwise, you’ll risk incurring warehousing expense.B: OK, Wang Huigang from our export department will be with you this afternoon.A: I will be in my office then. Bye-bye.B: Bye-bye.6. How much do CDs weigh?.A. 90 kilogramsB. 10 kilogramsC. 1000 gramsD. 100 grams7. Does Tom’s cargo conform to what is stated on the airway bill?.A. YesB. Not mentionedC. Too heavyD. Too old8. When will each and every consignment for export be inspected?.A. After leaving custom houseB. Before leaving the factoryC. Before leaving ChinaD. After leaving China9. Who will be with Tom this afternoon?.A. A managerB. A keeperC. An agentD. Wang Huigang10. Can Tom help Liyuan from Electronics Co. of Xinyang?.A. YesB. NoC. Of course canD. Not mentioned（三）Package materials consist of paper, plastic, wood, metal and glass. Paper is taking the biggest percentage among all packing materials. It can be used to make outer package, carton (paper box) and corrugated box. Paper is cheap, easy to shape and it is ventilated. Plastic is a new fast developed material, which is at low cost, strong, has good resistance to water, acid and so on. Because of environmental protection wood has become the least proportion of the packing materials. It is used to make the wood box. Metal, exactly aluminum is to make cans for drinks, like Coca Cola, which is easy to recycle. Glass is mainly used to fill the liquid, like chemical products and liquors.11. Which is taking the biggest percentage of the packing materials?.A. PlasticB. WoodC. PaperD. Glass12. Which kind of package material has become the least proportion because of environmental protection?.A. PlasticB. WoodC. PaperD. Glass13. Can aluminum be made into cans for drinks?.A. NoB. UncertaintyC. YesD. Sorry14. Is glass mainly used to fill the liquid?.A. NoB. UncertaintyC. YesD. Sorry15. Which kind of package material is ventilated?.A. PlasticB. MetalC. PaperD. Glass（四）Li Haohao has just been employed by a forwarding company at an airport. His job is to allocate the products to different shelves. With the help of the warehouse manager, he is getting himself acquainted with the work. One day, a truck stops at the gate. Li Haohao goes over and finds that a container chassis is at the gate and workers are discharging some electronic components in large cases. These cargos are to be exported to Korea and Singapore, they will be leaving this afternoon. So Li Haohao arranges two shelves near the other end of warehouse for these cargos. That way they can be shipped easier later. He is a clever man who can quickly learn how to work well.16. Where has Li Haohao just been employed?.A. At an airportB. At a discharging companyC. At a forwarding companyD. At a logistics company17. Is Li Haohao hardworking?.A. NoB. YesC. Sorry, I don’t knowD. No mentioned18. What is his job?.A. is a logistics managerB. is a logistics agentC. handles componentsD. allocates the products to different shelves19. Who is Li Haohao’s supervisor?.A. warehouse managerB. workerC. driverD. secretary20. When will these cargos be leaving?.A. Tomorrow afternoonB. This afternoonC. Tomorrow morningD. This night四、物流术语英汉翻译（共20小题，每题1分，共20分）1. bonded warehouse2. bulk cargo3. real time tracing4. Bar Code5. Electronic Order System6. core business7. combined transport8. computer-aided design9. customized logistics10. railway container yard11. 税率12. 信息流13. 提单14. 零售商15. 叉车16. 多式联运17. 物流成本18. 托盘19. 第三方物流20. 零库存五、匹配题（共10小题，每题为1分，共10分）从第Ⅱ栏中找到与第Ⅰ栏一致的翻译ⅠⅡ1. order picking A. 舱位2. end-user B. 逆向物流3. shipping space C. 安全库存4. safe inventory D. 订单拣选5. reverse distribution E. 最终用户1----（） 2----（） 3----（） 4----（） 5----（）ⅢⅣ6. import license A. 跟单信用证7. documentary credit B. 合同8. contract C. 进口许可证9. request for quote D. 关税10. duty E. 报价申请6----（） 7----（） 8----（） 9----（） 10----（）六、根据所给中文意思，在空格处填上适当的英文单词，组成完整的句子。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A答案+课文翻译
Unit 1A Young Boy’s AmbitionⅣ. Translationl. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to clear the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed intothe mountain and blew up. No one survived the accident.3. Students have easy access to the resources in the library, so they are supposed to make the bestof it.4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at that time, hit an iceberg when she was under way tothe US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on thebeach to enjoy the sunbathing.6. They have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonders, but the dayof their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches.1. 他想当足球明星的梦想随着时间的推移慢慢消退了。
初三英语短文填空试题答案及解析
初三英语短文填空试题答案及解析1.In a famous story, a young boy called Ali Baba says “Open Sesame” and a door to treasuresis opened before him. Ma Yun drew inspiration from this and founded .Over 14 years, has become China’s largest e-commerce (电子商务) website. E-commerce is the a 【1】 of buying and selling goods and services and doing other business activities using a computer and the Internet. However, the founder c【答案】activity【解析】电子商务是买卖商品和服务的活动，根据句意，故填activity。
【2】___ to leave and to discover new areas of business on May 28, 2014, Ma became chairman of Cainiao Network Technology Co., Ltd. The company will set up China Smart Logistics (物流) Network. Its goal is to deliver p【答案】chose【解析】然而创始人选择离开，以发现新的商务领域，根据句意，故填chose。
【3】____(运送包裹) to people anywhere in the country w【答案】packages【解析】它的目的是在24小时内为这个国家的任何地方的人运送包裹。
根据句意，故填packages 。
物流专业英语课后练习的翻译句子(修改后的)
Chapter 1Part I1、A basic definition of logistics is the continuous process of meeting customer needs by ensuring the availability of the right benefits for the right customer, in the quantity and condition desired by that customer, at the time and place the customer wants them, all for a price the buyer is willing to pay.物流的基本概念是按顾客期望的数量和条件，在顾客需要的时间和地点，以顾客愿意支付的价格，确保合适的顾客的合理利益的可获得性而满足顾客需要的连续过程。
2、Customer service involves getting the right product to the right customer at the right place ,in the right condition and at the right time, at the lowest total cost possible.顾客服务涉及在适当的地点、合适的条件和合适的时间，以尽可能低的总成本将合适的产品送至适当的顾客。
3、Logistics information is key to the efficient functioning of system. 物流通讯是物流系统发挥效率的关键。
4、Order processing is the system a firm has for getting orders from customers, checking on the status of orders and communicating to customers about them ,and actually filling the order and making it available to the customer.订单处理是企业所具有的的一个从客户中获得订单，核实订单的状况，就订单情况与客户联系，并实际履行订单，并使客户可获得订单货物。
辽宁省部分高中2024-2025学年高二上学期开学英语试题
辽宁省部分高中2024-2025学年高二上学期开学英语试题一、阅读理解Camping in New York’s State ParksReservation & Rental Fees·Reservation Fee: $7.25.·Campsite Rate: $15 per night. Out-of-state residents will pay an extra $5 per night for campsites. Cancellations·Cancelling 8 days or more before arrival: The costs you are expected to cover include the reservation fee $7.25 plus the cancellation fee $7.25.·Cancelling 7 days or less before arrival: The costs you are expected to cover include the reservation fee $7.25 and the cancellation fee $7.25, plus the fee of the first night’s campsites. General Rules and Information·Reservations can be made 9 months in advance. Same-day reservations will be allowed until 3 pm on the day of arrival.·Check In: 3 pm. The sites must be registered by 9 pm on the first night of the reservation.·Check Out: Campers must leave their sites no later than 11 am on the day of leaving.·14 continuous nights at most per stay.·Rubbish must be placed in trash bags. Too much rubbish on sites may result in fees charged to the permit holder. Camper Assistance Programme (CAP)CAP volunteers serve in various ways.·Welcoming campers and helping enrich their camping experience.·Familiarizing campers with park programmes and rules.·Checking facilities.CAP volunteers serve for at least two or at most four weeks. They are on duty for five days per week, including weekends and holidays. In return for their service, they receive a free camping site during their duty. Additional campers who come with the volunteer can enjoy the same treatment.1．How much should an out-of-state resident pay if he cancels two days before check-in?A．$7.25.B．$14.5.C．$29.5.D．$34.5.2．What is a must for campers?A．Booking a site in advance.B．Paying for the removal of rubbish.C．Arranging for an early morning checkin.D．Checking out before 11 am when leaving. 3．What do we know about CAP volunteers?A．They are required to take a helper.B．They are expected to examine facilities.C．They must work for at least four weeks.D．They need to organise park programmes.When Mayumi Watanabe tells people what she does for a living, most people widen their eyes in disbelief, not just because she is quite tiny. “I can see they’re thinking, ‘How can such a tiny woman drive a big truck? ’ ” Watanabe, who is 152 cm tall, said as she prepared for the busy run-up to be a truck driver.When she started driving her truck, Watanabe was an exception, as all her co-workers were men. Figuring out routes in the days before E-maps was not the only aspect of the job with which she struggled. Expressway truck stops did not have women’s toilets, and heavy-vehicle cabs appeared to have been designed entirely with male drivers in mind.Watanabe is now a director of Heartful, the first among Japan’s 62, 000 trucking firms to employ only female drivers. Japan’s $300 bn freight and logistics (货运和物流) field is looking to women to address what industry insiders believe could be disastrous changes in the aging labour market.In an attempt to make trucking, with its punishingly long hours, more attractive, the Japanese government will limit drivers’ overtime at 960 hours a year, or 80 hours a month, from April. However, transport companies warn that it will cause an outflow from a job in which most drivers depend on large amounts of overtime to make ends meet. But for Watanabe, there are also signs of a bright side in the industry.In the two decades that Watanabe, 43, has been driving trucks around her company’s base in Fukui, toilet facilities have improved, while improved seat design and steering (操纵) technology have made her job much easier. With more women driving large trucks, companies are starting to customize their vehicles to better suit them, including fitting cabs with curtains to give the drivers more privacy during rest breaks.Watanabe’s extra hours will fall sharply from April. “A lot of drivers will just quit,” she said.But she has no intention of joining them. “Driving gives me a sense of freedom.”4．What aspect of Mayumi Watanabe surprises people the most?A．Her great enthusiasm for trucks.B．Her positive attitude towards life.C．Her busy schedule at the end of the year.D．Her presence in a male-centered profession. 5．What did Watanabe struggle to do in her daily work?A．Develop competence in driving a truck.B．Get along well with her male co-workers.C．Fit into the uncomfortable working conditions.D．Determine driving routes through digital maps.6．What is the significance of women in Japan’s freight and logistics industry?A．They help ease the labour shortage.B．They improve customer satisfaction.C．They promote equality in the workplace.D．They contribute to better labour management. 7．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A．Technological advancements in trucking.B．Benefits of having more women in trucking.C．Positive changes made in the trucking industry.D．Reasonable demands from women truck drivers.On the beaches, in the deepest reaches of the backcountry — even nearly 100 feet underwater, the noise of navy training jets (喷气式飞机) is unbearable for people and even endangered southern residents — tiger whales, a new scientific research shows.In a paper published in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, scientists reported an underwater microphone fixed in nearly 100 feet of water offshore of the runway at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington, clearly picked up the sound of the jets, at levels known to affect tiger whales’ behaviour. “To the tiger whales at that depth, the noise is about as loud as a ship 650 feet away,” said Rob Williams, lead scientist and an author on the paper.Tiger whales use sound to find food, so underwater noise can affect their ability to get enough to eat. Lauren Kuehne, lead author on the paper, said she was surprised at just how clear the jet noise was even deep underwater, showing the noise easily spreads to depths where Chinook Salmon, the tiger whales’primary prey (猎物) , are often found. “Mentally I was prepared for noise, but not for that; it was clear as a bell. It has given me a whole new appreciation. We don’t use our ears the way animals do. For them, it is life and death,” said Kuehne.The number and duration of daily overflights, the team stressed, also outnumber those in a majority of studies that have dug into the impacts of noise from military aircraft, worldwide.Williams said the study demolishes the assumption that the noise of the jets doesn’t travel underwater. “The original understanding is that the noise is going to bounce off the ocean,” Williams said. “Here we show it doesn't. The sound goes underwater. We have shown that it is noisy, and noisy enough to require paying attention to.”8．How did researchers confirm the effect of the noise on tiger whales?A．By adjusting the sound of jets.B．By collecting noise underwater.C．By observing tiger whales’ behaviour.D．By picking up tiger whales’ brainwaves. 9．Why is underwater noise dangerous to tiger whales?A．It scares off their natural prey.B．It affects their hunting activity.C．It destroys their sense of hearing.D．It makes them nervous underwater. 10．What does the underlined word “demolishes” in the last paragraph probably mean?A．Overturns.B．Updates.C．Explains.D．Justifies. 11．What’s the best title for the text?A．Irregular Airplane Noise B．Underwater Species ProtectionC．Unknown Underwater Sound D．Non-ignorable Undersea AnnoyanceEver since Neil Alden Armstrong took one small step onto the moon, moon dust has proved to be a messy problem for astronauts, gathering on their spacesuits and being difficult to clean off. Scientists have come up with a new solution to this problem.For their experiment, researchers dressed Barbie dolls in spacesuits constructed of materials similar to what NASA uses. Then they covered the spacesuits these dolls wore with a moon dust replacement — volcanic ash, collected from the 1980 eruption of nearby Mount Saint Helens in America, which is similar to moon dust. Then the team sprayed (喷) the dolls with liquid nitrogen (氮) to test how well liquid nitrogen could remove moon dust from the spacesuits.They found that spraying the spacesuit-wearing dolls with liquid nitrogen not only removed more than 98% of the moon dust replacement but also caused little to no damage to the spacesuit material. This proved to be a better solution than the traditional method: Apollo programme astronauts would use brushes to wipe off moon dust from their spacesuits, which would eventuallyseverely damage the material.Not only is moon dust annoyingly clingy (黏附的) , but coming into contact with it can prove harmful to human cells and can lead to an illness that causes watery eyes, a sore throat and sneezing. “Moon dust is harmful, and it gets everywhere,” said Ian Wells, head of the research team. “It can work its way into spacesuits and make them unusable. It can also have a negative impact on astronauts’ lungs. That’s not exactly something astronauts would want to deal with while conducting an already risky mission to the moon.”Ian Wells’s team presented their findings to NASA as part of their upcoming mission to the moon and they won the space agency’s Breakthrough, Innovative and Game-Changing (BIG) Idea Challenge.“We used the doll primarily because it’s a one-sixth-scale person,” Wells said. “However, it was also chosen as the Artemis mission, aiming to send the first woman to the moon.”12．What’s the new solution to the moon dust on spacesuits?A．Wiping it off with brushes.B．Changing the material of spacesuits.C．Covering spacesuits with volcanic ash.D．Spraying liquid nitrogen on spacesuits. 13．Why is the new moon dust removal method better than the traditional one?A．It costs much less.B．It uses devices easier to carry.C．It almost does no harm to spacesuits.D．It is friendlier to the space environment. 14．What does paragraph 4 want to stress concerning moon dust?A．Its research value.B．Its severe harmfulness.C．Its physical feature.D．Its formation process.15．What might be NASA’s attitude towards Wells’ team’s findings?A．Uncaring.B．Doubtful.C．Unclear.D．Supportive.When it comes to work, every one of us could be under pressure such as tight deadlines, busy work schedules, low salaries, etc. 16 But don’t worry. The following ways may help you deal with them in the workplace without making you crazy.Build your self-confidence. A successful person is the one who does not let one failure stop him or her from moving forward. Therefore, do not feel down when you are facing a failure in the workplace.17 You should always believe in yourself and give yourself a secondchance.Do not fear gossip (流言蜚语).18 For that, some people may gossip about you.Don’t be upset. Just ignore what they say about your failures because there are some people who try to make others feel down even though they make thousands of mistakes themselves. What you need to do is learn from your mistakes.19 You have to face failures when you fail to meet your promises. Therefore, whether it is your boss or your customers, do not promise the things that you cannot complete within the given time. However, give them the assurance that you will try your best to solve the problem as soon as possible.Treat each failure as an opportunity. Learn to admit your shortcomings, as this is the only way that you can avoid being affected by failures. Treat the failure as an opportunity that is given to you to adjust your style of working. 20A．Promise what you can deliver.B．Cheer up, learn from it and move forward.C．And sometimes, you may even face failures or criticism.D．You may have been criticized by your leader for your mistakes.E．Listen to their experiences and learn how they handled their failures.F．And keep in mind that every failure teaches you to become a better person.G．If you are unable to complete a project, find out the reasons behind the failure.二、完形填空Some time ago, I decided to do a “Moonwalk Marathon” for charity. In the hours before midnight, with 21 music, energetic warm-up activities and enthusiastic organisers exciting the crowds, groups of friends 22 and prepared for 10-hour walks through the streets.The good news was that I’d trained, gradually 23 the length of my walks before the event. I had comfortable walking shoes. I had full 24 that I could properly deal with the physical demands ahead. But I was to discover that it was the mental 25 that were the most difficult. With thousands of people around, I didn’t have a (n) 26 to talk to. All of these made a very 27 and lonely 10-hour walk. By 5 am, I was extremely 28 . The onlything I had to keep me taking one step after another towards the 29 was my own thoughts.My “Moonwalk” experience taught me that while it could be 30 to have people around to coach and 31 you when you are feeling like giving up, the only person with you is yourself. You will encounter various kinds of difficulties in life, so you must train yourself to face the difficulties 32 .By the way, I did 33 the “Moonwalk Marathon”. When I 34 my medal, I felt a huge sense of achievement. I realized that one’s mindset could be so different between giving up and 35 your goals.21．A．inspiring B．comforting C．classical D．light 22．A．called up B．held up C．looked up D．met up 23．A．shortening B．limiting C．determining D．increasing 24．A．function B．confidence C．satisfaction D．promise 25．A．ages B．conflicts C．requirements D．benefits 26．A．stranger B．partner C．competitor D．neighbour 27．A．heartbreaking B．wild C．challenging D．proper 28．A．bored B．delighted C．hesitant D．tired 29．A．finish B．passage C．audience D．exit30．A．safe B．helpful C．unique D．tough 31．A．attract B．ignore C．support D．respect 32．A．regularly B．definitely C．understandingly D．independently 33．A．change B．complete C．choose D．miss 34．A．picked up B．accounted for C．put up D．hoped for 35．A．achieving B．setting C．adjusting D．seeking三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
物流英语阅读理解十篇
（一）After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier （seller) to the customer (buyer) in the most cost—effective manner. This is the definition of logistics。
During the transfer process，hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment (logistics carriers) are needed，as well as information control and standardization。
In addition，supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.Three major functions of logistics1.Creating time value：same goods can be valued differently at different times。
Goods often stop during the transfer process，which is professionally called the storage of logistics。
It creates the time value for goods。
2.Creating location value：same goods can be valued differently at differentlocations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.3.Distribution processing Value: sometime logistics create distributionprocessing value, which changes the length，thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying，“cutting into smaller parts “ is the most commonly seen distribution processing form。
关于物流的英语作文
关于物流的英语作文Logistics plays a crucial role in the modern economy and is essential for the smooth operation of businesses and the global supply chain. It involves the planning, implementation, and control of the movement and storage of goods, services, and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption.One of the key aspects of logistics is transportation. Goods need to be transported from the manufacturer to the consumer, and this requires a well-coordinated system of trucks, ships, trains, and planes. The choice of transportation mode depends on the nature of the goods, the distance they need to travel, and the speed at which they need to reach their destination. For example, perishable goods may require fast transportation by air, while large, non-perishable goods may be more cost-effectively transported by sea.Another important aspect of logistics is warehousingand storage. Goods need to be stored in a safe and organized manner before they are distributed to their final destination. This involves the efficient use of space, the implementation of inventory management systems, and the maintenance of proper storage conditions, such as temperature and humidity control.In addition to transportation and storage, logistics also encompasses the management of information and the coordination of various activities. This includes the tracking of shipments, the processing of orders, and the communication between different parties involved in the supply chain, such as suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers. The use of technology, such as barcode scanning and GPS tracking, has greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of these processes.The importance of logistics can be seen in its impact on businesses and the economy as a whole. Efficient logistics can reduce transportation costs, minimize inventory holding costs, and improve customer satisfaction through timely and accurate deliveries. On the other hand,poor logistics can lead to delays, stockouts, and increased costs, which can negatively affect a company's bottom line and reputation.Furthermore, logistics has a significant impact on the environment. The transportation of goods contributes to air and noise pollution, as well as the consumption of natural resources. Therefore, there is a growing emphasis on sustainable logistics practices, such as the use of eco-friendly vehicles, the optimization of transportation routes, and the reduction of packaging waste.In conclusion, logistics is a vital component of the modern economy, facilitating the movement of goods, services, and information across the globe. It encompasses transportation, warehousing, information management, and coordination, and has a profound impact on businesses, the economy, and the environment. As such, it is essential for companies to invest in efficient and sustainable logistics practices in order to remain competitive in the global marketplace.。
物流英语试题及参考答案
物流英语试题及参考答案一、词汇题（每题2分，共10分）1. 物流中的“分拣”用英语怎么说？A. SortingB. PackingC. StoringD. Transporting2. 哪个词表示“供应链管理”？A. Supply Chain ManagementB. Demand Chain ManagementC. Chain Supply ManagementD. Chain Demand Management3. “集装箱”在英语中的正确表达是什么？A. ContainerB. BoxC. CaseD. Crate4. “库存”的英文单词是什么？A. StockB. StoreC. ReserveD. Supply5. “配送中心”用英语如何表达？A. Distribution CenterB. Distribution StationC. Distribution HubD. Distribution Point二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. 在物流领域，缩写词“3PL”代表的是_________。
7. 货物从生产地到消费地的整个流程被称为_________。
8. 物流服务中，_________是指货物在运输过程中的实时跟踪。
9. 物流成本包括运输成本、仓储成本和_________。
10. 物流中的“最后一公里”问题通常指的是货物从配送中心到_________的配送问题。
三、阅读理解题（每题5分，共20分）阅读下面的物流行业新闻报道，回答问题。
In recent years, the logistics industry has seen asignificant shift towards automation and digitalization. This trend is driven by the need for increased efficiency and cost reduction. Companies are investing heavily in technologies such as AI, robotics, and the Internet of Things (IoT) to optimize their supply chains.11. 物流行业近年来的趋势是什么？A. 减少自动化和数字化B. 增加自动化和数字化C. 减少对技术的依赖D. 增加对人工的依赖12. 推动这一趋势的主要原因是什么？A. 减少成本和提高效率B. 增加成本和降低效率C. 减少对供应链的优化D. 增加对供应链的复杂性13. 公司正在投资哪些技术来优化他们的供应链？A. AI、机器人技术和物联网B. 传统物流、人力搬运和纸质记录C. 手动跟踪、电话通信和电子邮件D. 纸质地图、纸质订单和纸质库存14. 这些技术投资的目的是什么？A. 降低效率和增加成本B. 提高效率和降低成本C. 减少供应链的优化D. 增加供应链的复杂性四、翻译题（每题5分，共20分）15. 将“物流成本”翻译成英文。
物流英语A
邯郸职业技术学院2009---2010学年第二学期物流专业英语期末试卷（A卷）系别管理系专业物流管理班级08 姓名学号成绩………………………………………密封线………………………………………………………一、阅读理解（阅读文章回答问题，每题4分，共40分）Packaging InnovativeThis article is about innovative ideas abound for reducing, reusing and recycling transport packaging waste.[Para1] Logistical, or transport, packaging –shipping containers and pallets constitutes more than half of the municipal solid waste attributed to packaging in the U.S. Unlike consumer packaging, most logistical packaging disposal costs are internal to business transactions captured in market prices.[Para2] In almost all cases, the explicit cost for disposal is borne by the company that purchased the goods in packages, and is an indirect transaction cost. For this reason, manufacturers and their customers have a competitive incentive to reduce the cost of logistical packaging waste disposal.[Para3] Until recently, there has not been much effort to reduce logistical packaging. Traditional designs had not changed for 80 years, and many of the costs associated with such packaging have gone relatively unexamined and unmanaged. Transportation carriers who maintain rules for “acceptable” packaging have institutionalized the use of corrugated fiberboard b oxes, steel drums, wooden crates and pallets in the U.S.A trend toward innovation[Para4] There is a new trend, however, toward innovation aimed at reducing the amount of material used in logistical packaging. This trend has been stimulated by changes in four important factors that affect the structure of the logistical packaging industry.[Para5] Transportation deregulation. Traditional barriers to new packaging materials have been reduced by transportation deregulation, which reduced the carriers‟ autho rity to regulate logistical packaging in three ways: it permitted limited liability; it increased the use of contract rather than common law; and it reduced the legitimacy of carrier collusion. As a result, in 1994, motor-common carriers adopted an alternative performance standard, permitting a much greater variety of reduced packaging forms.[Para6] Rising waste disposal costs. Market threats from substitute materials have increased, encouraged by government, rising disposal costs, new technology and logistical management trends. Integrated logistics management trends have led to more comprehensive system-wide evaluations of packaging and other logistical activity tradeoffs, including the cost of waste disposal. The rise of waste disposal costs has had the most dramatic influence on logistical packaging. Competition is switching from lower-cost cardboard boxes to plastic packaging, including stretch-wrap, shrink-wrap and returnable bins.[Para7] Market power. Packaging suppliers are exerting market power to facilitaterecycling of some materials in order to maintain market share. The corrugated paperboard industry owes its successful recycling programs to the fact that it is relatively vertically integrated, compared to other logistical supply industries, such as those that make wooden pallets and plastic packaging. The paperboard industry‟s recycling effort has been an effective defense against arguments that favor packaging reduction over recycling. However, it further institutionalizes paperboard and provides another barrier to innovation.[Para8] Shift of bargaining power. There has been a shift of bargaining power from packaging suppliers to buyers and to customers, who are becoming more interested in reducing packaging. Largely because of integrated logistics, buying firms find that active management of logistical packaging results in innovation and lower costs. Logistical packaging management is becoming more than a simple purchase function that merely buys periodically according to the carriers‟ packagi ng rules. For example, the decision to invest in a returnable container program requires more than purchasing authority. Returnable containers affect behavior and costs, including those for purchases, storage, handling, transportation, tracking and customers, throughout a logistical system. Returnable packaging is a large investment and must be carefully controlled and cost-justified.[Para9] Since logistical customers are the companies that unpack the boxes, they are increasingly sensitive to the rising cost of packaging waste disposal. Waste disposal is an explicit cost for logistical customers, and their influence on suppliers to reduce packaging is currently more important than legislative man-dates in reducing logistical packaging waste. The influence that customers can exert varies, generally depending on the structure of the distribution channel. When the firms in a channel are strategically allied, they are more likely to reduce packaging disposal cost. For example, a very close alliance is necessary for a returnable container system to be feasible.[Para10] These factors determine a manufacturer‟s packaging strategy and the potential for innovative management of logistical packaging waste. The cost of logistical packaging, including the cost of its disposal, can be a basis for a strategic advantage. The competitive strategy framework is a valuable tool for exploring industry responses to waste issues in a market system.Strategic implications[Para11] Innovative ideas abound for logistical packaging waste reduction, reuse and recycling (see Figure 1). Such incremental innovation reduces costs and waste without compromising packaging performance. Therefore, logistical packaging innovation can be the source for a competitive advantage for four constituencies.[Para12] Firms and organizations. Firms and organizations at the end of the marketing channel, including retailers and government agencies, have leverage to negotiate waste reduction in proportion to their size and the strength of the relationship with the manufacturers from whom they buy.[Para13] Manufacturers. Manufacturers who buy packaging are best positioned to negotiate for waste-reduced packaging by establishing performance standards to encourage substitutes for traditional materials and logistical systems.[Para14] Packaging suppliers. Packaging suppliers can promote waste reduction by using recycled materials and facilitating recycling of their products.[Para15] Policymakers. Policymakers can take advantage of market forces byincorporating the environmental costs of solid waste in the price of disposal.[Para16] Results. The logistical packaging industry in the U.S. is shifting conceptual boxes. Future logistical packaging will use less material. More logistical packaging will be recycled. More packaging decisions will be based on customers‟ needs, including waste disposal. And the more the cost of disposal rises, the less waste we will see on the loading dock.Questions:1、Why do manufacturers and their customers have a copetitive incentive to reduce the costof logistical packaging waste disposal?2、What are the differences between consumer packaging and logistical packaging?3、What does the new trend aim at?4、What does ithe rise of waste disposal costs influence?5、Why is there a shift of bargaining power?6、Who are more likely to reduce packaging disposal cost?7、Which methods can packaging suppliers promote waste reduction?8、Why do we say logistical packaging management is becoming more than a simplepurchase function?9、Why are packaging suppliers exerting market power to facilitate recycling of somematerials?10、Please describe the future logistical packaging?二、英译汉（每题5分，共25分）1、“Logistics” is a term, which originates from both the army and French. According to the French, the Baron of Jomini, who o f Swiss origin who had served in Napoleon‟s army before joining the Russians and who later founded the Military Academy of St. Petersburg, first used the term in the early 19th century. So in a military sense, the term …logistics‟ encompasses transport organization, army replenishments and material maintenance.2、From these definitions logistics can be briefly described like this: "Logistics means having the right thing, at the right place, at the right time." At its heart, logistics deals with satisfying the customer. This implies that management must first understand what those requirements are before a logistics strategy can be developed and implemented to meet them..3、Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a point of consumption and can involve raw materials being brought into the production process and/or finished goods being shipped out to the customer. Transportation has assumed a greater role in many logistics systems for two reasons. First, the liberalization of transportation laws in many countries has provided opportunities for knowledgeable managers to obtain better service at lower prices then they could in the past. Second, as inventory levels have dropped in response to the popularity of just-in-time (JIT) strategies, transportation is frequently used to offset the potentially damaging impact on customer service levels that would otherwise result from those inventory reductions.4、Packages function in the physical environment, subject to moisture, temperature extremes,mechanical shocks and vibration. No matter what environmental conditions are encountered, the package is expected to protect the product, keeping it in the condition intended for use until the product is delivered to the ultimate consumer.5、Innovative ideas abound for logistical packaging waste reduction, reuse and recycling Such incremental innovation reduces costs and waste without compromising packaging performance. Therefore, logistical packaging innovation can be the source for a competitive advantage for four constituencies.三、汉译英（每题5分，共25分）1、物流管理从原材料的提供开始，经过生产过程中的半成品，以产品的分配和售后服务为结束。
物流英语练习十五阅读理解练习
物流英语练习十五阅读理解练习（四）(二十二)There are five transportation modes—motor, rail, air, water, and pipeline. In addition, certain modal combinations are available including rail—motor specialized or lower cost services not generally available than a single transport mode. Other transporters include freight forwarders shipper cooperatives parcel post, like Untied Parcel Service and other parcel services.As transportation cost can be significant, the firm must identify and control the factors that affect these costs. In general factors influencing transportation costs can be divided into two major categories—product-relate factors and marker-related factors. There are factors of product-related: (1) transport distances; (2) transport linkages; (3) transport equipment, and (4) transport time.Important market-related factors also affect transportation costs. The most significant ones include：(1) competition from different carries; (2) location of markets ; (3) government regulation of transportation carries; (4) freight traffic in a region; (5) seasonality of product movements; and (6) whether the product is being transported domestically or internationally. Each of these factors will affect the overall transportation cost.见P721.How many modes are there in transportation? ( )A.FourB.ThreeC.FiveD.More than five2.Which mode of transportation is most flexible?A.AirB.Ship railC.RailD.motor3.How many product-related factors are there to influent the transport cost?A.FourB.ThreeC.TwoD.five4.What is the most important product-related factor to the transport cost?A.LinkagesB.DistancesC.EquipmentD.Time5.What is the most important marker-related factor to the transport cost? ( )A.Location of marketernment regulationpetitionD.Seasonality of products flow(二十三)Water transportation can be broken down into several distinct categories：(1)Inland waterway, such as rivers and canals, (2)Lakes; (3)Coastal and inter-coastal ocean;(4)International deep sea. Water carriage compete primarily with rail and pipeline, since the majority of commodities carried by water carriage by nature is particularly suited for movements of heavy, bulky and low value commodities that can be loaded and unloaded efficiently by mechanical means in situations where speed is not of primary importance, where stole and where accompanying land movements are unnecessary.Businesses primarily use water movement for inbound transportation. They transport bulk materials such as iron ore grains wood products coal, Limestone and petroleum internationally or domestically to point where they can be used as inputs into the manufacturing process. Other than in international deep-sea transport, water carriers are limited in their movement by the availability of lakes, rivers, canals, or inter-coastal waterways. Depending on the geographic area water carriage may account for a large share of freight movement or an insignificant amount. In the united state, for example, approximately 15 percent of the total inter-city freight is moved by water. In Europe, water carriage is much more important because of the vast system of navigable waterways and the accessibility to major population centers provided by water routes. In Germany, waterways account for more than 30 percentage of all freight transported and in Belgium and Holland the percentage is substantially higher the average length of haul varies tremendously depending on the type of water transport. For international deep-sea movements the length of haul can be many thousands of miles1. How many categories are there in water transport?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. Not available in the paragraph2. What are transported mainly by water?A. Raw materialsB. Heavy bulky and low value commoditiesC. Semi-processedD. Great amount goods3. What is the meaning “speed is not of primary importance”?A. Speed is importantB. Speed is not importantC. Speed is mainly importantD. Speed is not first important4. Which area is the most commodities shipped in water transport?A. In international deep seaB. In lakesC. In river and canalsD. Coastal ocean5. How long is the haul for international deep-sea movement usually?A. Very longB. Ten thousands of milesC. Thousands of milesD. Thousands of kilometers(二十四)In practice, the terms “logistics” and “supply chain management” a re now used interchangably, so the Institute of logistics can give the following definitions: Logistics is the time related positioning of resources, or the strategic management of the total supply chain. The supply chain is a sequence of events intended to satisfy a customer. It can include procurement, manufacture, distribution and waste disposal, together with associated transport, storage and information technology.With this broad definition, logistics is inherently linked to other operations and can include-or at least affect-almost every function within an organization.This approach is consistent with the process focus adopted by many organizations, which no longer see themselves as supplying products, but as using a process to satisfy customer demand. Logistics is a key part of this integrated process.The latest stage of integration in logistics is “quick response”, that evolved into “efficient Customer response” (ECR). This links the separate stages of the supply chain, so that a customer buying a product from a retailer automatically sends a message back through the chain to trigger a response from the manufacturer and other suppliers. For example, when a customer buys a pair of jeans in clothes shop, the EPOS system automatically sends a message back to the wholesaler to say that the stock needs replenishing, then back to the manufacturer to say that it is time to make another pair of jeans, and back to suppliers to say that they should deliver materials to the manufacturer. This result is a focus on the consumer, the development of partner relationship between retailers and their suppliers and an increased integration of the supply chain,1.The logistics is the same as SCM. Is it correct?A.yesB.notC.partly sameD.no mention2.There are very close relations between the logistics and SCM? Do you think so?A.Yes, I doB.No, I don’tC.They are differentD.Same things3.What is the meaning of “logistics is key part of this integration process”?A.Logistics is first figure in the integration processB.Logistics is the whole body to the integration processC.Logistics is very important to the integration processD.Logistics is core part to the integration process4.The idea of integration is not separately between the business functions. Is it correct?A.YesB.NotC.Not total trueD.I don’t know5.The idea of SCM is to try to reduce cost and seek the highest competition ability in the whole linkage. Do you agree?A.YesB.NotC.No mentionD.Not enough(二十五)Motor carriers transport over 75 percent of the tonnage of agricultural products, many manufactured products and consumer goods. Usually an efficient motor carrier can compete with an air and rail carrier on door-to-door service for any size shipment if the distance involoved is 1,000 miles or less. This is because motor carriers realize greater efficiencies in pickup and delivery operations.Motor carries are more flexibility than other modes. Motor carriers can use a wide range network of roads, and transport products of carrying sizes and weights over any distance. Truly, motor carriers can transport any product. Their flexibility has enable them to become the dominant form of transport in the United States and in many other parts of the world.In general, motor carriage offers the customer fast reliable service with little damage or loss in transit. Motor carriers give much faster than railroad and compare favorably with air carriers on short hauls. Many motor carriers, particularly those involved in “just-in-time” programs, operate in a sched uled timetable. This results in very short and reliable transit time. Loss and damage ratios for motor are substantially lower than for rail and are slightly higher than for air freight. No other mode can provide the market coverage offered by motor carriers.The amount of freight transported by motor carriers has steadily over the years. That trend is likely to continue in the years ahead. As long as it is able to provide fast, efficient service at rates between those offered by rail and air, the motor carriage industry will continue to prosper.1.What are the advantages for motor transportation?A.Door-to-door serviceB.FastC.FlexibilityD. A and C2. How long is the economic distance for motor?A. 750 milesB. 1000kmC. 1000 miles or lessD. 200km3. Loss and damager ration for motor are lower than any other modes. Is it correct?A. YesB. DependC. NotD. I don’t know4Motor transport has the biggest market share in the paragraph? Is it true or nor?A.YesB.NotC.Not clearD.No mention5What is the meaning of “short hauls”?A.Near wayB.The distance is not longC.Direct lineD.Short road(二十六)Nowadays, everyone talks abort the logistics and it seems that the logistics is important to the city of Shenzhen in the economic field. But what is the logistics? How does it operate? In the simple way, the logistics is the efficient management of the flow of goods from supplier to customer. It contains three points:1.The flow of goodsGoods is the same meaning as commodity, materials, valuable things which can be bought and sold. Flow means movement. The flow of goods must be transported by truck, train, ship, even air craft.2. The direction of the flow of goodsIn the market, buyers and sellers are the two sides in the deal. Buyers are the customers, sellers are the suppliers. When the deal finished, suppliers should arrange the goods moved to customers, or in other way, goods transported to customers.3. The efficient managementThe flow of goods must be in low cost, exact and on time, it can’t waste customers’ money, energy and time. So, the flow of goods must be controlled by the hardware and software. The hardware is logistics facilities, like port, warehouse and transportation equipment. The software is information system and standardization.1.Does all movement of things belong to the logistics?A.YesB.NotC.DependD.Hard to say2.The flow of goods may occur automatically. Is it correct?A.YesB.Sometimes yes, sometimes notC.Not mentioned in the essayD.It isn’t2.Buyer and seller are the same side in the sales. Is it true or not?A.YesB.NotC.DependD.I can’t find it in the above page3.Efficient is the same meaning of resource saved. It is correct or not?A.YesB.NotC.Not enoughD.Different sense4.The logistics is a part of the service industry, or the third industry. Is it a fact?A.Not clear by nowB.NotC.YesD.To be classified(二十八)What is the main difference between the traditional logistics and the modern one? Before 1970, there was no “logistics” as the business word. Transportation and storage represented the flow of goods, like raw materials in and out of factory, and so on. Any truck company or warehouse was an independent unit to handle the goods. Recently, exactly in 1973, the great changes happened in the field. First, containerization transportation has become the most important role in the ocean transport. Container as a loading and unloading unit is very convenient. Before that, 10,000 tons ship should be filled in 48 hours. After the container adopter, 35,000 tons container ship can be loaded in eight hours. It is a revolution in the transportation! And more, containerization links all functions, making package, loading and unloading, transport, storage and distribution as an integration. In this point, the logistics came as a new part in the commerce. Secondly, computer technology helps the logistics greatly. When the information system was introduced in logistics, we find it is very easy to operate, save us a lot of money and time.I think you have got the answer already.1. Traditional logistics is the same as the modern one. Is it true or not?A.NotB.YesC.Can’t comp areD.No practical value2. What make traditional logistics upgrading modern one?rmation technology and modern shipB.Container ships and trucksC.Containerization and information technologyD.Container and computer3. Containerization is not a revolution but a transportation method. What is your opinion?A. I agree.B. It is only a story.C. It is only a kind of technology.D. It is a real revolution to the logistics.4. What is the meaning of integration?A.Putting together.B.Holding one by one.C.Putting some elements into a whole linkage.D.Connecting two or more things.5. What is the usage of information system to the logistics?A.To provide information.B.Recording of information.C.Transmitting information.D.To manage and control the operation of the logistics.(二十九)Managers of forms involved in international markers must be aware of the different transport services, costs and availability of transport modes in the countries where they trade their products. The differences between nations can be due taxes, subsidies, regulations, government ownership of carriers, and other factors.Rail service in Europe is usually much better than in the United States, because equipment, track, and facilities are in better condition due to the government equipment and or subsidies of the rail system. Japan and Europe utilize water carriage to a much large degree than United States or Canada. Due to the length and favorable characteristics of coastlines and inland waterways, water transport is a vital alternative for many shippers. Many companies shipping between or within the borders of foreign countries need to thoroughly transport alternatives, costs, and services. International transportation costs generally represent a much higher fraction of merchandise value than is the case in domestic transportation. The main reasons are the longer distances involved and the need to use international transportation system, with the consequent re-handling. International transportation is mush more common in international movements, and even though re-handling costs are higher than for single mode movements, cost saving and service improvements can result. For example, there are three basic forms of international distribution, i. e. 1) Land-bridge, 2) Mini-land-bridge (also called mini-bridge) and 3) Micro-bridge.In marking traffic and transportation decisions, the logistics manager must consider the differences between the domestic and international markets. Modal availability, rates, regulatory restrictions, service levels, and other aspects of the transportation mix may vary significantly from one market to anthers. It is vital that the differences be know and understood so that an optimal transportation network can be established for each international market.见P771. If you make different trade in different countries, you must take different transport modes. Is it correct?A.YesB.NotC.It must be based on cost.D.Not mention in the paragraph.2. Where is the rail service better than U. S?A.CanadaB.EuropeC.JapanD.Nowhere3. Which does it cost much, international transportation or domestic one?A. International transportB. Domestic transportC. BothD. Different country, different cost4. Re-handling can save cost and improve service. Is it true or not ?A.WrongB.Not total trueC.TrueD.Not clear here5. What is the most important when the freight is decided?A.RateB.Modal availabilityC.Service levelD.The distance of market。
线下物流英语作文模板
线下物流英语作文模板英文回答：Offline Logistics。
Offline logistics refers to the physical movement of goods from one point to another without the use of the internet or digital platforms. It involves the traditional methods of transporting goods, such as trucking, shipping, and rail.Types of Offline Logistics。
There are various types of offline logistics, including:First-mile logistics: The movement of goods from the point of origin to a distribution center or warehouse.Last-mile logistics: The delivery of goods from the distribution center or warehouse to the final customer orbusiness.Intermodal logistics: The movement of goods using two or more modes of transportation, such as truck, ship, and rail.Reverse logistics: The return or disposal of unwanted or end-of-life goods.Benefits of Offline Logistics。
Offline logistics offers several benefits, including:Physical security: Offline logistics ensures the physical security of goods during transportation, as there is no reliance on digital networks or platforms that could be vulnerable to cyberattacks.Reliability: Offline logistics is generally more reliable than online logistics, as it is not affected by internet outages or technical glitches.Cost-effectiveness: In some cases, offline logistics can be more cost-effective than online logistics,especially for large or heavy shipments.Challenges of Offline Logistics。
物流所学英文作文
物流所学英文作文英文：Logistics is an essential part of modern business operations. It involves the planning, implementation, and control of the movement and storage of goods and services from the point of origin to the point of consumption. As a logistics professional, I am responsible for ensuring that products are delivered on time, in the right quantity, andin good condition.One of the challenges I face in logistics is managing the supply chain. This involves coordinating with suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers to ensure that goods are delivered efficiently and cost-effectively. For example, if a manufacturer is located in China and aretailer is located in the United States, I need to ensure that the goods are transported from China to the United States in a timely and cost-effective manner.Another challenge in logistics is managing inventory. This involves ensuring that there is enough inventory to meet customer demand while minimizing the cost of holding inventory. For example, if a retailer sells winter coats, I need to ensure that there is enough inventory to meet customer demand during the winter season, but not so much that there is excess inventory that will need to be sold at a discount.Overall, logistics is a complex field that requires careful planning, coordination, and execution. It is essential for businesses to invest in logisticsprofessionals to ensure that their supply chain isefficient and cost-effective.中文：物流是现代商业运营的重要组成部分。
15《物流专业英语》-Unit-15-Transport-costs
第十页，编辑于星期四：十三点 五十八分。
课堂教学之——
Step 2 重点内容
➢ 掌握核心术语 ➢ 学习时间5分钟
第十一页，编辑于星期四：十三点 五十八分。
课堂教学之——
Step 3 难点学习
➢ 理解并背诵核心概念
➢ 学习时间5分钟
第十二页，编辑于星期四：十三点 五十八分。
课堂教学之——
可变成本 可变成本是固定成本的反义词，随
着所使用设备的量而变化，如 燃油和轮胎的成本。某一成本 有可能归属于两个以上的成本 类别。如燃料既是直接成本, 因为它属于某一特定的车辆; 也是可变成本, 因为它随使用 量而变化。
第二十五页，编辑于星期四：十三点 五十八分。
以上内容为第一学时内
所应完成的内容
第十五页，编辑于星期四：十三点 五十八分。
What is costing? Costing is the process of analyzing the costs and benefits of
different options. It measures the results of operations on a regular basis. Costing is often referred to as ‘cost-benefit analysis (CBA)’.
Step 4 课文学习
➢ 理解课文的意思
➢ 对难句进行语法和结构讲解
➢ 学习时间30分钟
第十三页，编辑于星期四：十三点 五十八分。
课文学习提示：
➢ 教师在讲解课文时，除对课文进行 翻译之外，还要顺带讲解一下难句 的语法结构。
第十四页，编辑于星期四：十三点 五十八分。
Transport costs 运输成本
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After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier (seller) to the customer (buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment (logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.Three major functions of logistics1. Creating time value: same goods can be valued differently at different times. Goods often stopduring the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.2. Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The valueadded during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.3. Distribution processing Value: sometime logistics create distribution processing value, whichchanges the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts “ is the most commoseen distribution processing form. Most processing within logistics create added value for goods.1. What is the meaning“cost-effective”? ( B )A. Cost reducedB. EconomicallyC. Cost evaluateD. To add cost2. (D ) creates time valueA. TransportationB. Good flowC. Different locationD. Storage3. What is the same meaning of location value? ( B )A. Different valueB. Different value of same goods at the different placesC. Different goodD. Different value of different goods at the same place4. What is the distribution processing value? (D)A. DistributionB. ProcessingC. Sales and processingD. Changing the length, thickness and the package of the goods5. The distribution process value is available in all logistics activities. Is it correct or not? ( C )A. BothB. YesC. NotD. Not clear(二)An increasing number of companies are involving in international markets through exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and ownership. This trend should continue. With such expansion there is a need to develop worldwide logistics n etworks. In tegrated logistics man ageme nt and cost an alysis will be more complex and difficult to man age.There are some future trends in intern ati on alizati on:1. More logistics executives with international responsibilities.2. Expa nsion of the nu mber and size of foreig n trade zon es.3. Reducti on in the amount of intern ati onal paperwork and docume ntati on.4. More foreig n warehous ing is owned and con trolled by the export ing firm.5. In creas ing nu mber of smaller firms.6. Foreign ownership of logistics service firms, e.g., public warehousing and tran sportati oncarriers.7. Increasing multiple distribution channels.The intern ati on al tran sport and the intern ati on al logistics are same thi ngs in some way. So, when the international trading involved, the firm must establish intern ati onal logistics systems to provide the products and services dema nded. The most sig nifica nt developme nt in intern ati on al logistics will be the in creas ing sophistication information system adopted and independent departments to operate.1. What is the subject of the paragraph? ( C )A. The intern atio nal tradeB. The intern atio nal tran sportC. The intern ati on al logisticsD. Intern ati onal economy2. What is the same meaning of fnter nati on alizati on”？( B )A. Nati on alizati onB. Globalizati onC. In tegrati onD. Stan dardizati on3. What is the meaning of trend? ( A )A. Gen eral direct ionB. Develop ing roadC. WayD. Path4. The intern atio nal tran sport and the intern ati on al logistics are same. Is it correct orn ot? ( D )A. Not men ti on in the paragraphB. Not clearC. WrongD. Right5. The international trade needs the ( B ) to fulfill its transaction.A. TrucksB. LogisticsC. ShipsD. AircraftsThe characters of modern logistics are huge quantity, quick response and globalizati on. In order to meet the n eeds, in formatio n tech no logy has become the brain to con trol them.Bar code, POS, EDI, GPS and internet are the main choices for the operation of logistics. Bar code system can get the goods information fast and exactly. By the data process ing un it, POS system can check the inven tory of warehouse at any time. When the super cen ter adopts POS system, it can check the sales record, inven tory eve n cash flow easily. EDI is a magic tool that can translate your documents into electronic data, sent it to your partner in any location by cable. In this way, we don 'need to make deal face-to-face. revise the documents, declare to customs before the shipments arrived, and more. Now, EDI is the most essential information tool for international trade and logistics. All of information tools are based on internet. In today ' s society, the orga ns of commercial and gover nment, schools, eve n in dividual can make E-commerce with intern et. So, I nternet is the greatest revoluti on to in flue nce the mankind.1. In formati on tech no logy can help the operati on of the logistics, but can't cha ngeits future.Is it correct or not? ( B )A. CorrectB. WrongC. In limited wayD. The role is not decided2. EDI is the core of in formatio n tech no logy used in intern ati onal trade and tran sportati on.Is it a fact? ( A )A. CorrectB. WrongC. Not mentionedD. Not clear3. What is the meaning of magic too”n the paragraph? ( D )A. VisibleB. I nvisibleC. NetD. You cantimage it.4. What is most importa nt in formatio n tech no logy in the logistics? ( C )A. Bar CodeB. POSC. EDID. GPS5. Why is the Internet a great revolution? ( D )A. The n ewest scie ntific and tech no logy inven ti onB. The most adva need tech no logyC. The valuable toolD. Help ing the mankind greatly(四)If a shipper has a strict arrival and departure requirements, railroads are at a competitive disadva ntage compared to motor carriers. Some of this disadva ntage may be overcome through comb ined tran sport, which offers the economy of rail moveme nt linked with the flexibility of trucking. Truck trailers are delivered to the rail terminals, where they are loaded on flatbed railcars. At the destination terminal they are off-loaded and delivered to the con sig nee-the customer who receivers the shipme nt.An additional area in which railroads suffer in comparison to motor carriers is equipment availability. Railroad lines use each other's cars, and at times this equipme nt may not be located where it is most n eeded. Railcars may be un available becausethey are being loaded, uni oaded, moved with in railroad sort ing yards, or un dergo ing repair. Other cars may be sta nding idle or lost withi n the vast rail n etwork. A nu mber of developme nts in the rail in dustry have helped to overcome some of these utilizati on problems. Adva nces have in cluded: computer routi ng and scheduli ng; the upgrad ing of equipme nt, roadbeds, and term in als; improveme nts in railcar identification systems; and the use of unit trains, cars owned or leased by the shipper; and dedicated through-train service between major metropolitan areas (nonstop shipments of one or a few shippers' products). Railroads own approximately 80 perce nt of their car fleet. The rema ining 20 perce nt are either leased or owned by shippers.1. The disadvantage of rail transport compared with motor carrier is (D )A. CostB. SpeedC. Lost and damage ratiosD. Tran sit time and freque ncy of service2. The disadva ntage above men ti oned can be overcome by ( AA. Comb ined tran sportB. More freque ncyC. Fast trainD. More flexible3. The adva ntage of rail tran sport is ( A )A. Great amount of shippedB. Less damage ratioC. Fast speed exact schedule cost savedD. Direct shipp ing line4. Railroads own about ( B ) of their car fleetA. HalfB. 80%C. 20%D. Not men tio ned5. What is the meaning of Metropolita n areas? (D )A. Around the cityB. City itselfC. The area n ear the cityD. Big city and its neighbor area(五)Inven tory can serve two basic functions:1. To provide a reserve for product ion and sales.2. To get the price discount by purchasing a large quantities.Inventory may be raw materials for the factory or finished products for the wholesaler and retailer. Most of inventory is placed in warehouse. Usually, three warehouses are available:1. Private warehouse. A private warehouse is owned and operated by a compa ny. It is convenient to the owner who can store and process easily. For most factories and big traders, they often have large or small warehouse, more or less space to store goods.2. Public warehouse. Public Warehouse is develop ing for the Third Part Logistics and offers special services, including package and arrangement of delivery. Public warehouse has advantage of better service and lower cost than private one by its specialized equipme nt and market ing share.3. Con tract warehouse. This kind of warehouseis formed and depe ndedo n the relatio n betwee n the suppliers and customer.When buyer purchases goods, they don't often ship them at the same time and store at the sellers' warehouse. Warehouse equipment consists of folk lift truck, stacker, goods shelf and conv eyor, etc.1. Inven tory is the same as warehouse. Is it true or not? (B )A. Sometime yesB. NotC. No relati on betwee n themD. Differe nt goods at differe nt place2. Gen erally speak ing, there are two kinds of inven tory which are ( D )A. GoodsB. MaterialsC. Materials and productsD. Raw materials and fini shed products3. Public warehouse is most efficient. What is your opinion? ( A)A. Depe nd on the situati onB. YesC. NotD. Not comparable4. Usually, con tract warehouse does' need to pay. Is it correct or not? ( C )A. YesB. NotC. It did n 'me nti on it.D. Sometime yes, sometime not.5 What is the equipment of warehouse ( D )A. ToolsB. Tools for han dli ng, loadi ng and uni oadi ngC. Forklift truckD. Forklift truck and goods shelf(六)Man agers in the last two decades have wit nessed a period of cha nge un paralleled in the history of the world, in terms of adva nces in tech no logy, globalizati on of markets and stabilization ofpolitical economies. With the increasing number of world-class” competitors both domestically and abroad, organizations have had to improve their internal processes rapidly in order to stay competitive. In the 1960s and 1970s, compa nies bega n to develop detailed market strategies, which focused on creating and capturing customer loyalty. Organizations also realized that strong engin eeri ng, desig n and manu facturi ng functions were n ecessary in order to support these market requirements. Design engineers had to be able to translate customer n eeds into product and service specificati ons, which the n had to be produced at a high level of quality and at a reas on able cost. As the dema nd for new products escalated in the 1980s, manu facturi ng orga ni zati ons were required to become in creas in gly flexible and resp on sive to modify exist ing products and processes or to develop new ones in order to meet ever-cha nging customer n eeds. As manu facturi ng capabilities improved in the 1990s, man agers realized that material and service in put from suppliers had a major impact on their organization' ability to meet customer needs. This led to an in creased focus on the supply base and the orga ni zationsourc ing strategy. Man agers also realized that produci ng a quality product was not eno ugh. Gett ing the products to customers when, where, how, and in the quantity that they want, in a cost-effective manner, constituted an entirely new type of challenge. More recently, the era of the Logistics Renaissance was also born, recreating a whole set of time-reducing in formatio n tech no logies and logistics n etwork aimed at meeti ng these challe nges.As a result of these cha nges, orga ni zatio ns now find that it is no Ion ger eno ugh to man age their orga ni zati ons. They must also be invo lved in the man ageme ntof to man age their orga ni zati ons. They must also be invo lved in the man ageme ntof the n etwork of all upstream firms that provide in puts (directly or in directly), as well as the n etwork of dow nstream firms resp on sible for delivery and after-market service of the product to the end customer. From this realization emerged the concept of the supply cha in”.见P781. Whe n did the great cha nges take for the world economy? (B)A. 1970B. Last 20 years or moreC. Last cen turyD. Long time ago2. What is the meaning of Customer loyally”？(A)A. The most importa nt customers for any firmB. Loyal to compa nyC. The customers to buy a lotD. The long term customers3. What is the meaning of Logistics Renaissanee? (A)A. Logistics bega n a new periodB. Logistics is rebor nC. Logistics has take n econo mic fun cti ons much more beforeD. Logistics is develop ing4. What is the meaning of Upstream” for supply chain?(B)A. CustomersB. SuppliersC. BuyersD. A and B5. What is the meaning of Down stream” for supply cha in?(A)A. CustomersB. SuppliersC. SellersD. B and C6. ( A ) is the place to store the goods imported or in transit, without paying dutyun der customs supervisi on.A. Boned warehouseB. Exported warehouseC. Imported warehouseD. Customs warehouseAll over the world, more and more ocea n freights are carried out with contain ers. This trend will continue because contain erized shipme nt offers so many adva ntages. Among them are:1. Economy. Overall transportation costs can be reduced by the container shipme nt. I n the case of gen eral cargo of 10,000 ton s, it takes 48 hours to load and uni oad, but for the container ship of 35,000 tons, only 6-8 hour n eeded to load and uni oad.2. Safety. The cargo can be han dled in any weather and is efficie ntly protected from theft and damage, because it is completely en closed.3. Large scale. Container ship has become gia nt from 10,000 tons in 1970 to 100,000 tons, now it continues to grow bigger and bigger.There are two kinds of containers, 20' and 40；mostly adopted. And 20' container is called TEU, Twen ty-foot Equivale nt Un it, and sta ndard container. One 40'c ontainer is equal to two 20s.Containers are used in ocea n, railway and highway tran sportati on. In rece nt years, many container termi nals have bee n established.The continen tai bridge tran sport is in troduced to load containers by trai ns. The road tran sportati on follows this tenden cy, as the tractors pull the container with the speed of 100 km per hour in highway.1. What is container shipment? ( A )A. To load goods in containerB. Container is only choice for transportation.C. Contain erized tran sportati onD. Container ship, container train and container track2. What is containerization shipment? ( B)A. To load goods in containerB. Container is only choice for transportation.C. Contain erized tran sportati on.D. Container ship, container train and container track3. Only 20' a nd 40 con tai ner are available. Is it a fact? ( A)A. CorrectB. WrongC. Not men tio nedD. I don 'tk now4. 20'ccontainer is sta ndard contain er. Is it true or n ot? ( A)A. YesB. NotC. It is old con ceptD. It is new kind of container5. Container ships n eed the container term inal to load and uni oad goods. Is it corrector not? (C )A. CorrectB. WrongC. DependD. Not men tio ned(八)Now, we discuss the relation between the international trade and logistics. As you know, trad ing invo Ives several steps:1. Making deal. I n this stage, the buyer and seller should n egotiate the price of the goods, the way to pay, fin ally sig n the con tract.2. Payme nt. It is a core step in the trad ing. Gen eral speak ing, buyers can not pay to sellers directly. They usually ask their bank to write the Letter of Credit (L/C) to thesellers. L/C is the promise to pay from the buyer, transferred to sellers and under the ' bcon diti onal articles.3. Tran sportatio n. After recei ving qualified L/C, the seller beg ins to deliver the goods. Then transportation takes the main place of the trading. So, international transportation is similar word to international logistics. Logistics can move the commodities form one country to another with ships, trucks and air. Logistics may fix the cost of transportation to the trading partners with the terms of FOB and CIF. FOB mea ns the deal price without in sura nee and freight. CIF contains cost of goods, in sura nee and freight. Tran sportati on as the mai n fun cti on of the logistics has the very close relati on ship with foreig n trade.4. Customs clearance and Inspection. In the final step, logistics helps customers and customs in two ways: on one hand, arran geme nt of goods to be cleared. on the other hand, handing in the docume nts to be exam in ed.1. There is n ot close relati on ship betwee n intern atio nal trade and logistics. Is it correct?(B)A. CorrectB. WrongC. This is not main topic in the page.D. I don 'k now2. What is con tract? ( C )A. PaperB. Arran geme ntC. Arran geme nt by both sides of dealD. Memo3. L/C is a letter from buyer to seller. Is it true or not? (A)A. TrueB. YesC. CorrectD. Wrong4. What does customs do? ( A )A. In spect ing goods and collect ing dutyB. Gover nment orga nC. Collecting taxD. In spect ing commodities5. Does the author talk about the tran sportati on equipme nt? ( B)A. YesB. NOC. Only a littleD. Dropp ing a hint(九)Transportation is the No. 1 function in the logistics. In certain way, transport equal logistics. There are five transportation modes: rail, highway, water, pipeline and air. The relative importa nce of each mode can be measured in the terms of mileage, load volume and in come.1. Rail n etwork. Rail n etwork can be used to tran sport large tonn age goods over long distance. Rail companies have the advantage of low operation cost, like electricity and fuel, but the disadva ntage of expe nsive in vestme nt.2. Motor Carriers. Highway transport has developed rapidly since 1970. The operati on of door-to-door and flexibility are the main reas ons why motor carriers can not be compared by other modes.3. Water Tran sport. Water Tran sport is the oldest way of tran sportati on, but it is the only opti on for the intern ati onal tradi ng. Ocea n ships can sail very long dista nce and extremely large shipme nts with the lowest cost. Rece ntly, container ship may load 7,000 con ta in ers about 150,000 ton s.4. Pipeli ne. Pipeli ne can send goods without stopp ing, but restricted to oil and gas. In 2003, China began to build three pipelines for water transportation called water in Souther n moved to Northern.5. Air. Air freights is the newest and sun rise industry. Although it is high cost now, and the disaster of 9.11”，for a long run, air tran sport will in crease its proporti on steadily.1. Why is transportation the most important in the logistics? (D )A. It costs the Iongest time.B. It needs the most investmentC. It needs the biggest area.D. Its returned cost is the most.2. How many modes are there in the tran sport? ( C )A. 3B. 4C. 5D. More than 53. Which mode is the lowest cost in transportation? (C )A. TrainB. TruckC. Ocea n shipD. Air4. What is the advantage of motor transportation? ( D )A. FastB. Save moneyC. EasyD. Flexibly and the operation of door-to-door”5. Pipeline can only carry oil and gas. ( B ).A. NotB. YesC. NoneD. Anything(十)Packaging is the end of production and the start of logistics. But it is more important to the latter than the former because the package is absolutely necessary to transportation and storage. Without it, the logistics can't work. One of the basic fun cti ons of packag ing is to protect the goods in the process of logistics. It is called in dustry package. The sec ond function is to make sales easy. For example, a beautiful box of the shoes attracts the customer to buy. This is called commercial package.Packag ing tech no logy can be classified into two categories: one is package materials, the other is packaging methods. The materials consist of paper, plastic, wood, metal and glass. Paper is the biggest perce ntage of the pack ing materials. It can be used to make outer package, cart on (paper box) and corrugated box. Paper is cheap, easy to shape and ventilated. Plastic is new fast developed materials, which is low cost, strong, good resista nt to water, acid and so on. Wood has become the less proporti on because of en vir onmen tal protecti on .It is used to make the woode n box. Metal, exactly aluminum is to make cans for drinks, like COCA-COLA, which is easy to recycle. Glass is mainly used to fill the liquid, like chemical products and liquors. Packag ing tech nique is to adopt several pack ing methods and containers to protect goods. For example, protection from damage and vibration is the basic packaging method. Protecti on containers have a lot, such as bag, box, can, bottle and barrel.1. Packaging is not a part of logistics. Is it true or not? (A)A. NotB. YesC. No relationD. Sometime yes, sometime not2. The mai n fun cti on of packagi ng is to protect goods. Do you agree? (B)A. YesB. NotC. DifferentD. Same3. There are two categories of packaging. Is it a fact? (D)A. MoreB. On ly oneC. NotD. Yes叮叮小文库4. Packagi ng material and tech nique are equally importa nt to packag ing tech no logy. Do you agree? (C)A. DifferentB. Same effectC. YesD. No5. Packagi ng tech nique is the package shape. Is it a factgA)A. YesB. NotC. I don' knowD. No mention in it精品文库11。