现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit11
现代大学英语精读2 lesson11+vocabulary
Lesson ElevenPre-class WorkRead the text a third time. Learn the new words and expressions listed below. Glossaryambitionn. a strong desire for success, power, riches, etc.bandn. a group of musicians who play popular music togethercashierv. to work as a clerk whose job is to receive and pay out money in a shop, bank, hotel, etc.clarityn. clearnessconsciencen. 良心contrastn. a difference between people, ideas or thingsdimen. a silver coin of the U. S., worth ten centsdismaladj. lacking hope or comfort, showing or causing sadnessembracen. the act of holding sb. close to you as a sign of loveemergev. to come out or appear from somewhereenhancev. to increase good qualities in sb. or sth.errandn. a short trip to do sth. for sb.expandv. to become largerfantasyn. imaginationfineryn. beautiful or expensive clothes and jewelry worn for special occas ions freshmann. a first-year student at a high school or universityfrugallyadv. carefully in the way of using money, buying only what is necessary giddyadj. feeling a little sick and unable to balance because everything seems to be movinggrievev. to feel extremely sad, esp. when sb. you love has diedgypsyn. 吉卜赛人hornn. a musical instrument 号；管humbleadj. having a low social class or position, not proudindulgev. to let yourself do or have what you want even if it is bad for you 放纵，纵容intolerableadj. too difficult, unpleasant, annoying, etc. for you to bearlavishadj. A ～meal is a meal that is large and generous and costs a lot of money. licensen. an official paper showing that permission has been given to do sth. 许可证lumpyadj. 疙瘩不平的marvelv. to feel great surprise and admiration formattressn. 床垫miraclen. 奇迹miserlyadj. a ～person is a person who hates to spend moneyonrushn. a strong fast movement forwardparlorn. a sitting room where people may receive guests (old-fashioned) quitv. to leave a jobretirev. to stop working at the end of one's working lifesalonn. beauty ～: a place where you can get your hair cutseekv. to look for or ask forsecond-rateadj. not very goodsentimentaladj. too easily affected by tender feelings such as love, sadness, etc. shabbyadj. looking old and in bad conditionskaten. 冰鞋v. to move on ice wearing ice-skatessmartv. to hurt with stinging painsorrown. unhappiness, sadness or griefsplendidadj. excellentspreen. a short period of time doing sth. you enjoystomachn. an organ in the body where food is digested 胃sufferv. to tolerate or standsuitcasen. a case with flat sides used for carrying clothes when travellingthreadbareadj. worn out; in bad conditiontop-heavyadj. not properly balanced because of too much weight at the toptransformv. to completely change the appearance, form or character of sth. esp. in a way that improves ittrappedadj. in a bad situation from which you can't escapeurgev. to strongly advise sb. to do sth.vagueadj. not clearwardroben. the clothes that sb. haswistfullyadv. sadly and thoughtfully because you want sth. but cannot have itProper NamesBess贝丝（女子名，Elizabeth 的爱称）Lottie洛蒂（女子名，charlotte 的别名）Text AThe Richer, the PoorerRead the text once for the main idea. Do not refer to the notes, dictionaries or the glossary yet.Over the years Lottie had urged her sister Bess to prepare for her old age. Over the years Bess had lived each day as if there were no other. Now they were both past sixty. Lottie had a bank account that had never grown lean. Bess had the clothes on her back, and the rest of her worldly possessions in an old suitcase. Lottie had hated being a child, seeing her parents constantly worrying about money, Bess had never seemed to notice. All she ever wanted was to go outside and play. She learned to skated on borrowed skates. She rode a borrowed bicycle. Lottie couldn't wait to grow up and buy herself the best of everything. As soon as anyone would hire her, Lottie put herself to work. She looked after babies, she ran errands for the old.She never touched a penny of her money, though her child's mouth watered for ice cream and candy. When the dimes began to add up to dollars, she lost her taste for sweets.By the time she was twelve, she was clerking after school in a small variety store. Saturdays she worked as long as she was wanted. She decided to keep her money for clothes. When she entered high school, she would wear a wardrobe that no one else would be able to match.But her freshman year found her unable to indulge this fantasy, particularly when her admiring instructors advised her to think seriously of college. No one in her family had ever gone to college. She would show them all what she could do, if she put her mind to it.She began to bank her money, and her bankbook became her most precious possession.In her third year of high school, she found a job in a small but expanding restaurant, where she cashiered from the busy hour until closing. In her last year of high school, the business increased so rapidly that Lottie was faced withthe choice of staying in school or working full time.She made her choice easily. A job in hand was worth two in the future.Bess had a boy-friend in the school band, who had no other ambition except to play a horn. Lottie expected to be settled with a home and family while Bess was still waiting for Harry to earn enough to buy a marriage license.That Bess married Harry straight out of high school was not surprising. That Lottie never married at all was not really surprising either. Two or three times she was halfway persuaded, but to give up a job that paid well for a homemaking job that paid nothing was a risk she was incapable of taking. Bess's married life was nothing for Lottie to envy. She and Harry lived like gypsies, with Harry playing in second-rate bands all over the country, even getting himself and Bess stranded in Europe. They were often in rags and never in riches.Bess grieved because she had no child, not having sense enough to know she was better off without them. Very likely she would have dumped them on Lottie's doorstep.That Lottie had a doorstep was only because her boss, having bought a second house, offered Lottie his first house at a price so low and terms so reasonable that it would have been like losing money to refuse.She shut off the rooms she didn't use, letting them go to ruin. Since she ate her meals out, she had no food at home, and did not encourage callers, who always expected a cup of tea.Her way of life was mean and miserly, but she did not know it. She thought she lived frugally in her middle years so that she could live in comfort when she most needed peace of mind.The years, after forty, began to race. Suddenly Lottie was sixty, and made to retire by her boss's son, who had no sentimental feeling about keeping her on until she was ready to quit.She made several attempts to find other employment, but nobody would hire her. For the first time in her life Lottie would gladly have worked for nothing, to have some place to go, something to do with her day.Harry died abroad, in a third-rate hotel, with Bess weeping as hard as if he had left her a fortune. He had left nothing but his horn. There wasn't even money for her passage home.Lottie, trapped by the blood tie, knew she would have to send Bess money to bring her home.It took Lottie a week to get a bedroom ready, a week of hard work and hard cash. There was everything to do, everything to replace or paint. When she was through the room looked so fresh and new that Lottie felt she deserved it more than Bess.She would let Bess have her room, but the mattress was so lumpy, the carpet so worn, the curtains so threadbare that Lottie's conscience bothered her. She knew she would have to redo that room, too, and went about doing it eagerly. When she was through upstairs, she was shocked to see how dismal downstairslooked by comparison. She tried to ignore it, but with nowhere to go to escape it, the contrast grew more intolerable.She worked her way from kitchen to parlor, persuading herself she was only improving the rooms to give herself something to do. At night she slept like a child after a long and happy day of playing house. She was having more fun than she had ever had in her life. She was living each hour for itself.There was only a day now before Bess would arrive. Passing her gleaming mirrors, at first with vague awareness, then with painful clarity, Lottie saw herself as others saw her, and could not stand the sight.She went on a spending spree from the specialty shops to beauty salon, emerging transformed into a woman who believed in miracles.She was in the kitchen cooking a turkey when Bess rang the bell. Her heart raced, and she wondered if the heat from the oven was responsible.She went to the door, and Bess stood before her. Stiffly she suffered Bess's embrace, her heart racing harder, her eyes suddenly smarting from the onrush of cold air."Oh, Lottie, it's good to see you," Bess said, but saying nothing about Lottie's splendid appearance. Upstairs Bess, putting down her shabby suitcase, said, "I'll sleep like a rock tonight," without a word of praise for her lovely room. At the lavish table, top-heavy with turkey, Bess said, "I'll take light and dark both," with no marveling at the size of the bird, or that there was turkey for two elderly women, one of them too poor to buy her own bread.With the glow of good food in her stomach, Bess began to tell stories. They were rich with places and people, most of them lowly, all of them magnificent. Her face reflected the joys and sorrows of her remembering, and above all, the love she lived by that enhanced the poorest place, the humblest person.Then it was that Lottie knew why Bess had made no mention of her finery, or the shining room, or the twelve-pound turkey. She had not even seen them. Tomorrow she would see the room as it really looked, and Lottie as she really looked, and the warmed-over turkey in its second-day glory. Tonight she saw only what she had come seeking, a place in her sister's home and heart.She said, "That's enough about me. How have the years used you?""It was me who didn't use them," said Lottie with regret. "I saved for them. I forgot the best of them would go without my ever spending a day or a dollar enjoying them. That's my life story, a life never lived. Now it's too near the end to try."Bess said, "To know how much there is to know is the beginning of learning to live. Don't count the years that are left us. At our time of life it's the days that count. You've too much catching up to do to waste a minute of a waking hour feeling sorry for yourself." Lottie grinned, a real wide open grin, "Well, to tell the truth I felt sorry for you. Maybe if I had any sense I'd feel sorry for myself, after all. I know I'm too old to kick up my heels, but I'm going to let you show me how. If I land on my head, I guess it won't matter. I feel giddy already, and I like it."。
《现代大学英语精读2》 词汇 10到12单元
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现代大学英语第二版精读2期末复习课后答案
UNIT 1 Accomplishment 完成Acquire 获得Arrogantly 傲慢地Arts艺术Aspirin阿司匹林Assume猜想Available可用的Average平均Beanpole瘦长的人Bull公牛Certify证明Civilized文明的Client客户Contain包含Continuity延续性Cyanide氰化物Democratic民主的Disaster灾难Drugstore杂货店Employ雇佣Enroll登记Essence本质Expertise专门技术Expose接触Faculty全体教员Fragment碎片Generate使形成Graduate获得学位的Grind磨碎Hip髋Humanity人类Implicitly含蓄地Incompetence无能Inevitable必然的Intellect思维能力Invent发明Literal文学的Limitation局限Maintain维持Mechanize使机械化Neanderthal穴居人Nevertheless然而Peculiar特殊的Penetrating理解能力强的人Pest讨厌的人Pharmacy药剂Philosophy哲学Physicist物理学家Pill药剂Preside主持Professional专业的Pursuit追求Push-button按钮操作的Qualified合格的Raise养育Rear培养Resources资源Savage原始的Scroll名册Semester学期Sensitive敏感的Shudder发抖Skill技能Specialize专门从事Species种类Specimen某种类型的人Spiritual精神上的Store储存Stuck不知所措的Suffice使满足Unaided独立的UNIT 4Account 解释Acknowledge 承认Admirable 令人钦佩的Aesthetic 美学的Anonymity 无名的Balding 变秃的Behave 表现Behavior 行为Belt 带子Blast 一阵Budget 预算Casualty 遇难者Challenge 挑战Chaotic 无序的Chunk 大块Clash 碰撞声Collision 冲突Commitment 承诺Congressional 国会的Crash 坠毁Desperate 极想望的Dip 浸泡Distinction 区别Doze 假寐Element 成分Emotional 情绪的Employee 雇员Essential 本质的Flight 航班Florida 弗罗里达Flotation 浮起Freeze 结冰Grope 摸索Gull 海鸥Harsh 严酷的Helicopter 直升机High 集中的Immovable 不动的Impact 碰撞Impersonal 无人情味的Injured 受伤的Jet 喷气飞机Lifeline 救生索Likewise 同样地Location 位置Monument 纪念碑Occasion 时机Possibility 可能Potomac 波托马克河Presidential 总统的Principle 原则Proof 证明Remark 言辞Represent 展现Section 部分Skid 滑橇Slap 掌击Standoff 对峙Stewardess 女服务员Stick 刺Stunning 极好的Survivor 幸存者Tragedy 悲剧Unidentified 未确认的Unique 独特的Universal 宇宙的UNIT 10Absorb 吸收AD 公元Bakery 烤炉Band 一群Bay 海湾Beetle 甲壳虫Board 上船Branch 分支Clatter 撞击声Cloudburst 倾盆大雨Cluster 使成群Collapse 倒塌Column 栏Cram 塞满Crater 火山口Crouch 蹲下Descend 降临Doom 毁灭Drift 漂流Erupt 喷发Explosion 爆炸声Flee 逃走Graze 放牧Harbor 海港Hoof 蹄Huddle 推挤Hurl 丢下Inn 客栈Intact 完好的Jar 坛子Loaf 面包Mediterranean 地中海Mighty 强大的Monoxide一氧化物Nightmare 噩梦Overwhelm 打击Perish 消失Poisonous 有毒的Priest 神父Prosperous 繁荣的Pumice 浮石Quick-witted 头脑敏捷的Reverberate 回响Sack 袋子Savage 凶猛的Shatter 粉碎Shepherd 牧羊者Shimmer 使闪烁Shroud 用…遮蔽Slate 石板Stain 污点Stumble 绊倒Summit 顶点Thicken 变厚Throng 人群Topple 倒塌Torch 火把Trample 践踏Vesuvius 维苏威Victim 受害者Villa 别墅Volcanic 火山的Yawn 打呵欠To be exact 确切地说Hide from sight 藏起来In place 在原地Come to life 复活Restore it to activity 恢复Talk business 谈生意Go over 检查On its way 快到了Break loose 发泄The critical point 临界点Blow UP 爆炸Branch out 扩大范围Die away 逐渐消失At hand 非常近Cram into 塞进becrammed with 塞满Make their way to费了很大劲到Die by the hundreds 成百上千的死亡Descend on 降临到UNIT 11Appalled 震惊Astounded 震惊的Authentic 真实的Broiler烤器Carton 纸板箱Chill 扫兴Chop 排骨Congo刚果Contemptuous 轻视的Cube 立方Define 规定Disgusted厌恶的Dome圆屋顶Eccentric 古怪的Elevator 电梯Frown 皱眉Furor 激怒Gadget 小玩意儿Genuine 真诚的Gesture 姿势Guarded 谨慎的Impulsively 冲动地Indemnity赔偿金Intriguing 有趣的Monetarily 在钱方面Nonetheless尽管如此Numbly 麻木地Pancake烙饼Pat轻拍Pitch 推销Pound 敲打Practical实际的Proposition 提议Repress 抑制Scoffing嘲弄的Screw螺丝钉Shove 推挤Shriek尖叫Shrug耸肩Slippers拖鞋Smash打碎Split 分裂Stack 堆积Steak 牛排Stiffen使坚硬Swallow吞咽Sweep 掠过Transistor 晶体管Tube 管子Vaguely 含糊地Wastebasket废纸篓Whirl使旋转UNIT 1 短语fresh out of刚刚完成reach for伸手拿be exposed to使接触enroll for大学报名put it this way这么说吧average out to平均为tend to倾向于see to it that确保along with everything else除此之外preside over主持be badly stuck for竭力追求on ones way to doing将要in essence 从本质上●there is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs toknow in order to be a civilized human.●If you are too much in a hurry ,or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept asa gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer or Einstein, you areneither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy.UNIT 4 短语As disasters go 就。
现代大学英语精读2第二版课文翻译
UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么？约翰·切阿迪1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。
那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。
一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。
”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。
三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。
我为什么必须读这个？”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。
2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。
我本来可以指出，他考入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。
这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。
换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。
3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。
4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。
谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。
但平均每天24小时会保持不变。
在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。
5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。
假设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。
作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。
这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。
无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。
现代大学英语第二版精读2Unit...
又是一个新学年——为什么上大学约翰·齐阿迪1 让我来给你们讲讲我在刚开始教书生涯时所遭到的一次惨败。
那是1940年1月，我刚从研究生院毕业，在堪萨斯大学开始第一个学期的执教。
有这么一个学生，瘦高个，样子活像一根长着头发的豆架。
他走进课堂，坐了下来，双臂交叉抱在胸前，看了看我，就像在说：“好吧，那就教我点什么吧。
”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。
又过了三周，他走进我的办公室，双手放在臀部（双手叉腰），“你知道，”他说，“我来这儿是为了当药剂师。
我干嘛要念这些玩意儿？”因为连书都没带，他就指着我桌上的那本书说。
2 尽管我刚当老师，但我也蛮可以告诉此兄好些道理。
我本可以指出，他来报名的地方不是一家药剂学校，而是一所大学。
学业完成时他将获得一纸文凭，上面写的将是理科学士学位，而不会写“合格的捣药技术员”。
这一纸文凭不仅会证明他专修过药剂学，还会证明他受到过人类文明思想的熏陶。
也就是说，他进的不是一家技校，而是一所大学。
在大学里，学生既要接受专业训练，又要接受人文教育。
3 我本可以给他讲这一大通道理，但显然他在大学待不了多久，不会把我的话当回事。
4 不过当时我年轻气盛，责任感很强。
于是我就试着这么和他说：“在你日后的生活中，你一天的时间大概平均算下来是二十四小时，恋爱的时候会短些，失恋的时候会长些，但平均数基本上保持不变。
这中间有八个小时左右，你在睡觉。
”5 “然后在大概八个小时的每个工作日里，你会——但愿你会——努力从事有益的工作。
假设你已经上完药剂师学校，或工程、法律学校，或随便其他什么学校，在那八小时内你将运用你的专业技能。
你要做的是确保别因自己技艺不精而把氰化物掺进阿司匹林，或让公牛跃过你修建的篱笆，或因为你的无能而把你的委托人送上电椅。
这些都是有用的职业。
这些工作都需要人人应该尊重的技能，也能给你带来基本的满足感。
不说别的，很可能你要靠它们来养家糊口（换取餐桌的食物，养活你的妻子，养育你的子女）。
现代大学英语 第二版 第二册 11单元 Button, Button text appreciation 1
Vocabulary Building
Read the words and study the words 11-2 Unit11 Glossary.mp3
• Her first reaction was to show the person the door, because she was sure the man was a salesman of the sort who often visits people from door to door. She had to repress a smile because she did not want to be rude, but the whole thing was ridiculous.
Unit 11 Button, Button
L/O/G/O
Text Appreciation
Contents
1
Revision Words Warming up Text Appreciation
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R e v i s i o n
1. Somebody _____ and we found the cave was huge. A. put out the fire B. setting a fire C. lit a fire D. make a fire 2. I went there again two years later after the earthquake _____ . I found nearly all the rubble had been ______ away. A. destructed…put B. destructed…cleared C. struck…clear D. struck… cleared
现代大学英语2 unit11
3.contemptuous
a.~（of sb/sth) feeling or showing that you have no respect for sb/sth eg.• She gave him a contemptuous look. • He was contemptuous of everything I did. contemptuously adv •to laugh contemptuously SYN:scornful
c. (weather,fire,news)move quickly or spread quickly. •Strong winds regularly sweep the island d. to move over an area ,especially in order to look for sth. •His eyes swept around the room.
n. a small bird with long pointed wings ,that spends the winter in Africa but flies to northern countries for summer eg. • One swallow doesn’t make a summer. 一燕不成夏 • swallow do surprise or shock sb very much eg. •She was astounded by his arrogance. astounded adj •I was astounded to see her appear from house. •she looked astounded at news. •the doctor were astounded (that) he survived. astounding adj astoundingly adv
现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit11
Warming up
Warming up
Questions / Activities
“Button, Button”
“Press the button” means to initiate an action or a train of events (informal), often in a nuclear context. The title “Button, Button” indicates taking an action or making a choice that would have consequences.
Background
Author
His Works
A prolific writer: 28 novels, 19 short story collections, 19 movie scripts, and 33 TV screenplays An extended writing career: first short story in 1951, and latest novel in 2011 Author of a list of Times Best Sellers Screenplays and adaptations:
His Life
Born on Feb. 20, 1926 in New Jersey to Norwegian immigrants parents Richard Matheson Raised in Brooklyn, New York (1926-) Served as an infantry soldier in WWII Bachelor in journalism from the University of Missouri in1949 Moved to California in 1951, married in 1952, had four children, three of whom were fiction and screenplay writers
现代大学英语第二版精读11~8单元课后答案
120447932参考答案（Unit 1—8）Unit OneKey to ExercisePreview:1 True or false1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6F 7T 8T 9T 10TVocabulary4. Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets1. differ2. differently, different3. difference4. serious, serious, seriously5. seriousness, seriously polluted6. Fortunately/ Luckily, pollution, seriously, pollute7. attention 8. attentively, attentive4 Translate the following sentences using words and expressions taken from the text.1. 他们利用我们求助无门的困境把我们公司接管了。
They took advantage of our helpless situation and took over our company.2. 虽然我们面前仍有困难，但我肯定我们中国人有智慧靠自己实现国家的和平统一。
Although there are still difficulties ahead of us, I am sure that we Chinese people will have the wisdom to bring abou t the peaceful unification of our country on our own.3. 只强调国内生产总值是错误的，它会引起很多严重问题。
It is wrong to put emphasis on nothing but GDP. It will give rise to many serious problems.4. 他喜欢炫耀他的财富，但是这完全是徒劳的，人们仍然像躲避毒药那样躲避他。
杨立民《现代大学英语精读(2)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Unit 11)
Unit 11一、词汇短语Text Arepress [] v. 抑制，压制；镇压【例句】At this junction Maston could not repress his emotion. 到了这个阶段，梅斯顿再也克制不住自己的感情了。
【助记】re（再）+press（压抑）→再押，压制pitch [] n. 沥青；斜度；投掷；定调vt. 投掷；向前倾跌；定位于；扎营vi. 搭帐篷；投掷；倾斜【例句】He bunted at the first pitch. 他触击第一个投球。
【词组】pitch in 协力；做出贡献pitch on 选中；决定【助记】pit小坑，ch吃：把路上的小坑吃了，用沥青填上就行了。
frown [] v. 皱眉，不同意【例句】The teacher frowned angrily at the noisy class. 老师生气地对那班吵吵嚷嚷的学生皱起眉头。
【词组】frown on/upon不赞成，反对frown at 对…感到生气不满；对…皱眉practical [] adj. 实际的，实践的；实用的；讲实效的【例句】He is very practical—he can make or mend almost anything. 他很能干——他几乎可以制造或修理任何东西。
slipper [] n. 拖鞋；便鞋【例句】This pair of slippers is my favorite. 这双拖鞋是我最喜欢的。
shrug [] v. & n. 耸肩（表示冷淡、怀疑、无奈、不满等）【例句】She shrugged her shoulders at the news. 她听到这个消息后耸了耸肩。
【词组】shrug off 摆脱；抖去；不屑理睬；耸肩表示蔑视；扭身脱掉衣服【助记】sh屎，rug地毯：你们家的地毯上有你的狗拉的sh，你只能对此表示毫无办法——耸肩。
现代大学英语精读1第二版UNIT 11精品文档47页
confound v. a. to damn b. to perplex; puzzle c. to mix; confuse
Examples: Confound it! 真讨厌！ Confound you! 去你的！ Her strange behavior confounded everyone in the hall. I was confounded to hear that he had resigned. They confounded Jack with Jimmy. They are twins.
Synonyms
regarding with reference to
with respect to with regard to
WB T L E
I. Word Study
Lesson 11 - The Midnight Visitor
6. confounded adj. a. damned; used to show you are annoyed b. confused
a stiff neck
僵硬的脖子 a.
stiff manners
生硬的态度 h.
a stiff drawer
很紧的抽屉 a.
a stiff wind
强风 f.
a stiff drink
烈酒 g.
a stiff hike
艰难的跋涉 c.
a stiff penalty
严厉的惩罚 d.
a stiff price
disillusioned with sb./sth.
Examples: Disillusioned Susan decided to forget the man she had loved for many years. He was disillusioned with life in many aspects.
现代大学英语-第二版-精读2-课后翻译句子Unit-1---Unit-11
Unit 11)我们像在暖房里种花那样养孩子是错误的.我们必须让他们接触各种社会问题,因为不久他们就将作为公民来应对那些问题.I t is wrong to raise our children the way we grow flowers in the greenhouse. We must expose them to all socialproblems because very soon they will be dealing with them as responsible citizens.2)随着时间的推移,我们不可避免地会越来越多地卷入国际事务.而冲突必然会发生,因为国家之间总有不同的观点和利益.A s time goes on we are inevitably going to get more and more involved in international affairs. And conflicts aresure to occur because there always exist different views and interests between nations.3)我们为我们的成就而骄傲,我们有理由感到骄傲.但是我们永远不能变的狂妄,不然我们就会失去我们的朋友.W e are proud of our accomplishments, and we have reason to be. But we must never become arrogant. Otherwise we will lose our friends.4)信息现在唾手可得.一个普通的电脑就能储存一个普通图书馆的信息.I nformation is now easily available. An average computer can store the information of a small library5)那家公司没有资格操作这个项目.他们没有任何法律文件能证明他们具备必要的专门技术.我们必须找一个专门建造歌剧院的公司.That construction company is not qualified to handle the project. They do not have any legal document to certify that they have the necessary expertise. We must find a company that specializes in building theatres.6)这些智囊团不作决策.他们力图提出一些对决策者十分有用的新主意和深刻的分析.T hese think tanks do not make decisions. They are out to generate new ideas and penetrating analyses that will be extremely useful for decision makers.7)国内生产总值不是一切.如果人民的生活质量没有真正改善,我们国家就不能说已经现代化了.The growth of GDP is not everything. Our country cannot be said to have been modernized unless the quality of our people’s lives is really improved.8)虽然那时我们在很多方面都很困难,但作为孩子我们仍然很幸福,因为有干净的空气、水；江河湖泊里有很多鱼、螃蟹、黄鳝；田野里有花,有树,有鸟.Poor as we were in many ways at that time, we were still quite happy as children, for there was clean air, clean water,a lot of fish, crabs and eels in the rivers, lakes, and ponds; and a lot of flowers, trees and birds in the fields.9)只要给某个人或某一群人以绝对权力,那这个人或者一群人就肯定会滥用权力,因为正如阿克顿勋爵所说,"权力使人腐败,绝对权力绝对使人腐败.〞Give absolute power to some individual or any particular group of people, and that person or group are sure to abuse that power because, just as Lord Acton says, "Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.〞10)在我们国家,传统上都认为"万般皆下品,惟有读书高〞.Traditionally in our country school education was always said to be more important and useful compared with all other pursuits.1）总理明天将赴纽约出席联合国会议.The premier is leaving for New York for a UN conference tomorrow.2）在纽约期间他将会会晤一些国家的政府首脑.He is to meet the heads of state of several countries during his stay in New York.3）国庆长假期间你打算干什么？回家还是呆在校园里？What are you going to do during the National Day holidays? Are you going home or staying on campus?4）——你认为20年后学校会是什么样子？——我想孩子们很可能会在家里跟机器老师学习.— What do you think school will be like in twenty years’ time?— I think children will probably learn at home with a mechanical teacher.5）30年以前,我的祖父母根本想不到他们能搬进一栋有现代设施的二层小楼里住.Thirty years ago, my grandparents never thought they would be able to move into a two-storey house with all the modern facilities.6）他们缺的不是钱,而是经验.What they lack is not money but experience.7）他们到中国来不仅仅是为学汉语,而且是为了解中国文化.They have come to China not only to learn Chinese, but to learn about Chinese culture as well.8）孩子们从父母那里最想得到的不是物质的东西而是爱和关注.What children want most from their parents are not material things but love and attention.9）你们既可以在练习簿里写作文,也可以在电脑上写.You may either write your essay in your regular exercise book or do it on your computer.10)我不太清楚他为什么没有来.既可能是他不感兴趣,也可能是忘了.I’m not quite sure why he didn’t show up. Either he was not interested, or he simply forgot about it.11)社会应该既尊重科学家,也尊重环卫工人.A society should respect both its scientists and its garbage collectors.12)他对自己的钱和时间都挺抠门儿.He is miserly both with his money and with his time.Unit 21)我跟你说,从各方面考虑,当教师不失为一个好主意.事实上,我认为这个主意好极了.You know what? All things considered, it’s not a bad idea to be a teacher. As a matter of fact, I think it is an excellent idea.2)我不大喜欢你像刚才那样用讽刺的语气说话.你好像老是在暗示,我是什么都不会的废物.I don’t like it when you take a sarcastic tone the way you just did. You seem to be implying all the time that I am agood for nothing.3)我爸能让我做最后决定,真是很体谅人.我得说我够幸运.不是很多人都能有那么好的父亲.It is really considerate of my father to leave the final decision to me. I must say I am very lucky. Not many people have such a terrific father.4)你说你不要钱.你可能不愿要,但你的确需要钱.我看不出大学生在课余时间赚点钱有什么错.You said you do not want any money. You may not want money, but you do need money. I don’t see what’s wrong with students earning some money during their spare time.5)不知道为什么,这个曲调听起来很熟,但我就是记不起来了.反正是一首俄罗斯民歌.Somehow this tune sounds very familiar, but I can’t recall what it is. In any case it is a Russian folk song.6)除了一贯的周末家务,我明天还有一大堆的家庭作业要做.真是糟透了.Besides the usual weekend housework, I also have a whole pile of homework to do tomorrow. It’s really terrible.7)为了表明我们对最近争端的不快,我们无限期的推迟了外交部长的出访.To demonstrate our unhappiness over the recent dispute, we put off our Foreign Minister’s visit indefinitely.8)天快黑了,离下一个城市还有两小时的车程.我们不如就在这树林里露营算了,支个帐篷,生个篝火,好好睡它一觉,明天再赶路.It’s ge tting dark. The next town is still two hours drive away. We might as well camp in the forest, pitch a tent, builda fire, and have a good sleep before we continue our journey tomorrow.9)听到有人说他们不觉得考试作弊有什么丢脸,我真吓了一跳.你不觉得最可耻的事情莫过于我们已经不知羞耻了吗？I am really shocked to hear people say they do not consider cheating at exams shameful. Isn’t that the most shamefulthing that we should be incapable of feeling ashamed?1)我年轻时,人们就是这样生活的.That was the way people lived their lives in my day.2)琼斯太太像爱自己的孩子一样爱她的学生.Mrs. Jones loved her students the way she loves her own children.3)那个农民的妻子不喜欢某些年轻人对待父母的态度.The farmer’s wife doesn’t like the way some young people treat their parents.4)有了大姚在队里,不愁打不败对手.With Big Yao on the team, I’m sure they’ll beat their rivals.5)那人双手掩面坐在椅子上.The man was sitting in his armchair, with his face buried in his hands.6)他发现电视开着很难专心做作业.With the TV on, he found it hard to concentrate on his homework.7)在不带现金的旅途中,人们对他的态度使作者深信：人们仍然可以依靠陌生人〔的帮助〕.The way people helped him during his journey when he had no money convinced the writer that people can still depend on strangers.8)白菜的价格飙升,他们决定增加进口.With the price of cabbages soaring, they decided to increase imports from other countries9)这些年轻人组织校园活动的办法,表现出了他们的领导素质.The way these young people organized campus activities showed their leadership qualities10)在海关人员〔customs officer〕用手提扫描仪〔scanner〕搜身时,他站着,双手伸开.He stood with his arms stretched out as a customs officer searched him with a portable scanner.Unit 31)健康保险必须为所有公民所享受,不管他们有什麽不同.我们没有理由支持那些不为生活在农村的大量人口所享有的政策.Health care must be available to all citizens regardless of their differences. We cannot justify a policy that denies medical care to the large population living in the country.2)他们自称已经发现了一条适合所有国家的普遍法则.They claim to have discovered a universal principle which applies to all nations.3)我住在我叔叔家农场的时候常常出洋相.比如要我在稻田除草的时候,我常常分不清草和秧苗.I often made a fool of myself when I was living with my uncle on his farm. When asked to get rid of the weeds inthe rice fields, for example, I often failed to tell apart the weeds and the rice seedlings.4)干吗今天去哪里？我宁可等雪停了再走.Why go there today? I'd much rather stay until the snow ceases.5)稻子需要大量的水,很多科学家警告我们,不管我们如何节约用水,总有一天我们会为有限的水资源打仗.Rice requires large quantities of water and many scientists warn us that no matter how sparingly we use water, the day will inevitably come when we will be fighting over limited supplies of water resources.6)近几年有一个值得注意的变化.我们不再靠出口经济了,我们现在倾向于把重点放在国内消费上.There has been quite a noticeable change in recent years. We no longer lean on exports for economic growth. We now tend to place more emphasis on home consumption.7)现今的趋势是给小孩过多的测验和考试,弄得他们除了考试什麽也不会.Today’s tendency s is to give little kids too many tests and exams until they are no good for anything but taking exams.8)强迫教授们每年发表固定数量的论文而不顾其质量是毫无意义的.再说这种要求即使是爱因斯坦也做不到.It is pointless to force professors to publish a fixed number of parpares annually regardless of their quality. Besides, this is a demand even Einstein would not have been able to meet.1)你知道计算机是怎么工作的吗？Do you know how computer work?2)我现在做的事任何人都能干.Anyone can do what I am doing.3)这正是你的错误所在.That’s exactly where you’re wrong.4)造访##而没爱上这个城市几乎不可能.It is almost impossible to visit Hangzhou without failing in love with the city.5)这就是她为什么在73岁高龄时重返中国.That was why she returned to China at age 73.6)他们是怎样打进海外市场的对我来说仍然是个谜.How they broke into overseas markets still remains a mystery to me.7)查出她是何许人,来自何方,为何被派到此地.Find out who she is, where she is from, and what she has been sent here for.8)上学的第一天,男孩就认识到摆在他面前的是什么.On his first day at school, the boy came to realize what lay ahead of him.9)教育除了传播知识和技能之外,还应播种智慧的种子Education must sow the seeds of wisdom, besides implanting knowledge and skills.10)他们劝告这个地区的游客天黑之后避免单独外出.They advised people touring the area to avoid going out alone after dark.11)她的一项工作就是教育年轻人如何处理人际关系.Part of her work is teaching young people how to handle personal relationships.12)答应别人的事不做被公认为是不好的做法.Making promises without keeping them is not considered a good practice.Unit 41)他居然能够避免一场似乎无法避免的相撞事件,这件事情使他成为一位全国英雄.The fact that he was able to avoid the seemingly inevitable crash made him a national hero.2)冒着生命危险想要把快淹死的孩子拖到岸上的那四个学生当中,有两位永远没有回来.Of the four students who risked their lives to try to drag the drowning children to shore, two never returned.3)日本人以长寿著称.他们相信这一点要归功于他们的食物构成中包含着大量鱼类产品.The Japanese are known for their long life span. They believe they owe this to their eating habits, which contains a lot of fish products.4)我了解哈里斯,我简直不能想象像他这样的人会说出如此愚蠢的话.I know Harris. I couldn’t imagine a man like him making such stupid remarks.5)我对她的忠诚进行了多次考验以后.他现在要给她最危险的任务了.After testing her loyalty many times, he was now going to give her the most dangerous task.6)我听说林肯在那个场合发表了一场极为有力的演说.他到底说了些什么？I hear that Lincoln delivered an extremely powerful speech on that occasion. Whatever did he actually say?7)所有人都明白,这一次他们必须准备向死亡挑战,但是没有人对采取这一步措施感到后悔.That this time they must be ready to challenge death was clear to everybody . But no one regretted this move.8)就故事而言,这次也没有什么特别：一个年轻人在大学校园里狂开汽车,撞死了一名女同学.不同寻常的是,这人居然向周围人挑战,说他不怕去公安局,因为他父亲是当地的警官.As far as accidents are concerned, there was nothing out of the ordinary: a crazy young man drives a car on a university campus and kills a woman student. What is unusual is the fact that the man dares to challege the people who want to take him to court, because his father was a local police officer.9)每当我们决定一项经济政策的时候,我们都必须分清短期利益和长期利益.Every time we decide on a financial policy, we have to make a clear distinction between short-term interests and long-term interests.10)虽刚到十月初,但已经可以看到人们开着车过那结冰的河了.Although it was early October, people could already be seen driving across the frozen river.1)他是重要人物的亲戚这一情况,不会改变我们对他的看法.The fact that he is somebody's relative won't change our opinion of him.2)困在井下三天的矿工全部得救的消息,使他们的家属欣喜若狂.The news that the miners trapped in the pit for three days had all been rescued made their wives wild with joy.3)我们必须接受我们错了的可能性.We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.4)医生们认为病人活下来的希望渺茫.Doctors think that there is slight hope that the patient will survive.5)教师都认为今年的大部分新生都很有前途.The faculty shares the opinion that the majority of this year's freshmen are promising.6)尽管经济增长很快,我们应该牢记中国在很多方面仍然是个发展中国家这一现实.In spite of the economic growth, we should keep in mind the fact that China is still a developing country in many respects.7)在草率的下结论把责任全归罪于他之前,我们应该先听听他本人的解释.We should hear his explanation before we jump to the conclusion that he's to blame.8)现在没多少人还坚持人类征服自然而不是与其和谐相处的观念.There aren't many people who still cling to theidea that man should conquer nature rather than live in harmony with it.Unit51)政府要拿定主意在什麽时候、用什麽方法放缓经济速度,以免它因为速度过快而失去控制.The government will have to decide when and how to put brakes on the economy before it speeds out of control. 2)干嘛在这个荒无人烟的地方浪费钱建飞机场？这里的老百姓最需要的是干净的水和空气,我们不能对此视而不见.Why waste money building an airport in the middle of nowhere? We must not ignore the fact that what people here need most is clean water and clean air.3)他们觉得回来的时候可以走另一条路,以便去探索一下##的那个大峡谷.They thought they might take a different route on their return trip so as to explore the great canyon in Tibet.4)他周游了世界,回来的时候完全变了一个人：变得充满了活力,见多识广,She traveled around the world and came back home quite a changed person, educated and greatly revitalized.5)我们的各种社会问题都没有对症的速症药.我们应该探索一下各种可能性,走一步看一步.There is no easy fix for our social problems. We should explore all possibilities and move one step at a time.6)所有旧传统的消亡都是一个漫长的,缓慢的过程.花了那么长时间才形成的风俗习惯,我们不能指望他一夜之间就消失.All old traditions die a slow and lingering death. Customs and habits that have taken so long to form can't be expected to disappear overnight.7)常女士被认为是提倡将中国的古典音乐和西方的音乐结合起来的先行者.Madam Chang was considered a pioneer who advocated combining classic Chinese music with Western music.8)刚听到这消息的时候,我震惊得好大一会儿功夫都说不出话来.I was so stunned when I heard the news, that for quite some time I didn't know what to say.9)这些士兵正在学习如何在荒野里生存下去.The soldiers are learning how to survive in the wilderness.10)如果你坚持,那我就和你一起去那.不过我实在帮不了你多大忙.I'll go there with you if you insist. But really I won't be much help to you.1)记住去机场的时候带上##.Remember to bring your ID with you when you go to the airport.2)我记得第一次求职面试后我感到非常失望.I remember feeling greatly disappointed after my first job interview.3)最后他们决定为在机场发生的事向乘客道歉.Finally they decide to apologize to the passengers for what had happened at the airport.4)抱歉,我把给李大传递信息的事忘得一干二净了.I’m sorry that I clean forgot to pass the message to BigLi.5)中午我们停止工作,去一家快餐店吃了午饭.At midday we stop to have lunch in a fast food restaurant.6)我没有继续收听收音机里关于这次灾难的报道,但由于极为震惊而仍然坐在椅子上动弹不得.I stopped listening about the disaster on the radio, but I was too shocked to move out of the chair.Unit 61)——我怀疑他没有告诉我们全部真相.——你为什么对此有怀疑？I suspect that he has not told us the whole truth. /I doubt he has told us the whole truth.— Why do you doubt it?2)谁也不会怀疑到他.嫌疑犯看起来一般不会那么和蔼可亲.可是警察通过DNA检查终于证明他就是真正的杀人凶手.Nobody would have suspected him. A suspect wouldn't usually look so appealing. But finally the police identifiedhim to be the true murderer through a DNA test.3)皇帝被认为是中国历史上的第一个农夫,而他的妻子则是第一个织女.Huangdi is regarded as the very first farmer in our history while his wife was the first weaver.4)请向我在那里的朋友致意.我真的非常想念他们.Please give my best regards to my friends there. I really miss them all.5)任何时候只要有可能,年轻人都宁可自己谋生,也不愿靠父母养活.Whenever possible, young people prefer to earn their own living than live off their parents.6)北方要求取消军事演习,但是南方予以拒绝.他们反过来要求北方对开火公开道歉.The North demanded the military exercise be called off, but the South refused. Instead they demanded an open apology from the North for the gun fire.7)这个地方因为发展了绿色经济已经获得了相当好的声誉.This place has earned itself quite a reputation for developing a green economy.8)由于年轻,他们往往倾向于从好的方面看问题.Being young, they are often inclined to look at things from the bright side.9)科学家们已经查明那具冻尸是一个生活在大约六千年前的年轻猎手.Scientists have identified the frozen body as a young hunter who lived about six thousand years ago.10)虽然他是第二代美籍华人,但她仍然珍惜她的中国文化身份.Although she is a second-generation Chinese American, she still values her Chinese cultural identity.1)你认识坐在系主任旁边的那位女士吗?Do you know the young lady sitting next to the chairman of the department?2)警方对那个犯罪嫌疑人跟踪了一个星期,很快就会拘捕此人.The police have been keeping track of the suspect for a whole week. They will make an arrest soon.3)新政府宣布他们会保护在这个国家生活的所有守法的外国人.The new government announced that they would protect all law-abiding foreigners living in the country.4)我们应该牢记,在这座城市里尚有成千上万的家庭过着贫困或是近乎贫困的生活.We should hear in mind that there are still thousands of people living on or near the poverty line in this city.5)这些运动员为准备本届亚运会,进行训练已有一整年的时间了.These athletes have been training for the current Asian Games for a whole year.6)这个城市的失业居民从五月开始就一直在抗议食品价格的飞涨.Since May, unemployed residents in the city have been protesting soaring food prices in the past two months.7)这个机构的青年雇员几个月来都在勒紧裤腰带The young employees of the organization have been tightening their belts for months, adapting themselves to a war economy.8)这家公司声称在节能技术方面他们已有突破.The company claims that they have made a breakthrough in energy-saving technology.9)金先生从服务员开始升到经理的职位,他为这家餐厅工作了30年.Mr.King worked his way up form the position of waiter to manager. He has been working for the restaurant for 30 years.10)这所大学即将离任的副校长,在他的告别聚会上作了一次动人的演讲.The outgoing/retiring vice president of the university made a heart-warming speech at his farewell party.Unit 81)要不是因为一个人的勇气和智慧,##经济特区就永远不会取得胜利.If it hadn’t been for one man’s courage and wisdom, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone could never have succeeded. This man was the first mayor of the city.2)——对不起我刚才打断你讲话了.你刚才在说……——我刚才在说想要击溃保守分子的抵抗不容易.我们必须一步一步地对他们发动进攻.---- Sorry I cut you off just now. You were saying…---- I was saying that it is not easy to break down the resistance of thoseconservatives. But we must go at them step by step.3)政府非常清楚,它不能随心所欲地增加税收而不对国内消费造成伤害.但是把重心由出口转向国内消费需要相当长的时间.The government knows only too well that it cannot increase taxes at will without hurting home consumption. But to shift the emphasis from export to domestic consumption takes time.4)即使有了这些而家用电器,我们还是不能完全摆脱家务劳动.Even with all these home appliances, it is impossible to do away with/ eliminate our domestic labor completely.5)我们那个城市看起来肯定和三百年前一样,不少老房子都快要倒塌了.我们有些领导想把它们都拆掉,然后再在这些地方盖上新的高楼.可是由于资金短缺,这个计划只好放弃.回头看来,这反倒是件好事.如今我们的城市已经成为旅游景点了.Our town must have looked the way three hundred years ago. Many old buildings were about to fall in ruins. Some of our leaders wanted to tear them down and put up new tall buildings in their place. But due to lack of money, the plan had to be abandoned. Looking back that was actually a blessing. Today our town has become a tourist attraction.6)具有讽刺意味的是,有时候我们增产得越多,盈利就越少.Ironically, sometimes the more we increase production, the more we decrease profit.7)这个项目已经占了我很多时间.我即使想要上一个新项目也不行了.This project has occupied too much of my time. I could not launch a new project even if I wanted to.8)说真的,我更加担心社会的停滞而不是经济的减速.当然,你不一定同意我的观点.To tell the truth, I’m more worried about social stagnation than economic slowdown. Of course, you may not share my view.9)有意思的是,并不是所有人都已意识到,假如我们不提高我们的教育水平,我们将永远落后于其他国家.Interestingly enough, not everyone realizes that if we do not improve our educational standards, we will lag behind other countries for ever.1)年龄越大,你就会变得越宽容.The older you get, the more tolerant you become.2)晚上十点之后,工作时间越长,我效率就越低.After 10 p.m. the longer I work, the less efficient I become.3)这姑娘的父母都英年早逝,她由叔叔和婶婶抚养成人.As both her parents died young, the girl was brought up by her uncle and aunt.4)你和他一起工作的时间越长,不知不觉从他身上学到的也就越多.The longer you work with him, the more you’ll learn from him without knowing it.5)音乐会结束时,有一两分钟的时间观众纹丝不动地坐着,然后爆发出雷鸣般的掌声.When the concert was over, the audience sat silent and still for a couple of minutes, and then they broke intothunderous applause.6)学者们抱怨说这个国家的城镇,乃至乡村越来越美国化了.Scholars complain that cities,towns and even villages in this countryare becoming more and more Americanized. 7)我越想这件事,对这些奇怪的的疑心就越重.The more I think about it, the moresuspiciousI am of these strange phone calls.8)随着岁月的流逝,我奶奶越来越多地参与到社区工作中.As the years went by, my grandmother was became more and more involved in community work.9)一般来说一件物品需求越大,价格也就越高.Generally, the more something is in demand, the higher the price.10)令我们伤心的是,我们这个城市周边的好地方都变得越来越城市化了.Much to our grief, all the nice areas around our city are becoming more and more urbanized.Unit 91)林先生对沙漠化问题一直十分关注.我完全同意他的意见,这是一个与我们的环境保护息息相关的严重问题.Mr. Lin has always concerned himself with the desertification problem. I fully agree with him that this is a serious concern as regards our environment protection.2)我们的政府发言人对最近被海盗劫持的两位中国工程师深表关切.The spokesman of our government expressed our deep concern for the two Chinese engineers who were recently taken hostage by the pirates.3)很难想象我们怎么能保护这个大坝不受敌人攻击It is hard to visualize how we can protect the dam from enemy attack.4)##自由意味着人们不仅可以追求不同的信仰,而且还意味着他们有权不信仰任何##.Freedom of religion means not only that people can pursue different faiths. It also means that they have the right not to have any religion.5)我们教师通常每周碰一次头,交换教学方面的意见.We teachers usually meet once every week to compare notes about our teaching.6)这个地区的形势非常微妙.不允许任何国家做任何可能威胁到它那岌岌可危的平衡的事情.The situation of this area is very delicate. No country should be allowed to do anything to threaten the precarious balance.7)要想做一名称职的翻译,我们必须中外文都掌握的很好,而我感到自己在这方面非常欠缺.To be adequate as a translator, we must have a good command of both the foreign language and Chinese. And I consider myself terribly inadequate in this respect.8)不管我们的意见有多大分歧,沃恩都必须共同面对这一挑战.However we differ in our opinion, we must face the challenge together.9)我对良好的教育是这样定义的,在你受完教育后,你不仅知道如何谋生,而且知道如何生活.The way I define a good education is that, when you get through it, you not only know how to make a living, but you also know how to live.1)听到学生的成功,布莱克先生总是很高兴.It always delights/pleases Mr. Blake to hear of his students’successes.2)在做决定之前,有很多事情要考虑.There are a lot of things to consider before we can make a decision.3)不可能成功时,放弃是明智之举.To give up is wise when it is impossible to succeed.4)在这种情况下,找个律师是合乎情理的.It might be sensible to get a lawyer under the circumstances.5)无论真相如何令人痛苦,他们都把真相告诉孩子们.我们敬佩他们这种勇气.We admire theircourage to tell their children the truth, however painful it is.6)公众人物<public figures> 在繁忙的大街上出现,要想不被人们认出.几乎是不可能的.It is almost impossible for public figures to appear in a busy street without being recognized.7)即使可能会给自己招来麻烦,人们也愿意帮助陌生人.对此我感到惊奇.I was amazed by people’s readiness to help a stranger, even when they knowthey may get into trouble.8)学生不仅要知道自己的优势,还要知道自己的局限性,这很重要.It is important for students to know not only their strengths but their limitations as well.9)这个国家试图限制一些少数民族家庭的规模,这可能会引起麻烦.This country’s attempts to limit family size among some minorities are likely to cause problems.10)有关这一切你不能透露一个字,这一点有多重要不用我说了吧.I don’t have to tell you how important it is for you to keep your mouth shut about all this.Unit 101)有一个流行的儿童故事,描述奇迹般有了生命的木偶的奇迹.There is a popular children’s story, which describes the adventures of a wooden puppet that comes to life as if by magic.2)你对局势的幽默分析使讨论有了生气.Your humorous analysis of the situation made the discussion lively.3)这个古代建筑重建后恢复了原样.This ancient building has been restored to its original beauty.4)你知道,对我来说,到山上住一个月就等于重温我幸福的童年.You know, for me to go and live up in the mountains is to recapture my happy childhood.5)靠这件大衣你可抵御不了加拿大的严寒.This overcoat alone is not enough to protect you from the bitter cold in Canada.6)果农们正高兴地期待今年的好收成,突然可怕的暴风雪袭击了这个地方,使正在成熟的水果受到佷大的损害.The fruit growers were all happily expecting a good harvest this year when the terrible snow storm struck, doing great damage to the ripening fruits.7)吃糖太多对你的身体没有好处.最起码,它会对你的牙齿造成伤害.事实上,它在很多方面都对你有害.Too much sugar will not do you any good. To being with, it will be damage to <or damage> your teeth. In fact, it will do you harm<or harm you> in many ways.8)他对中国人民的赤胆忠心让我对他肃然起敬.His utter devotion to the Chinese people filled me with admiration.9)他坚持下班之前,精确的说,是在五点半之前,一切东西都必须各在其位.He insisted that everything should be in place before we knocked off, before five-thirty, to be exact.10)他知道他得加倍努力来实现他的计划.他急着想一回去就投入工作.可万万没想到一场灾难正等着他.He knew that he would have to redouble his efforts to carry out this plan, and he was anxious to plunge into the work as soon as he went back. But he never knew that a disaster was lying in store for him.1)对他的人身侮辱激怒了他,他起身抗议.。
现代大学英语精读2(第二版)课文翻译
UNIT1 又一学年——为了什么约翰·切阿迪1.给你们讲讲我刚当老师时候的一次失败经历吧。
那是1940年的1月，我从研究生院毕业不久，在堪萨斯城大学开始第一学期的教学工作。
一个瘦高，长得就像顶上有毛的豆角架一样的男学生走进我的课堂，坐下，双臂交叉放在胸前，看着我，好像在说：“好吧，教我一些东西。
”两周后我们开始学习《哈姆雷特》。
三周后他双手叉腰走进我的办公室，“看，”他说，“我来这是学习当药剂师的。
我为什么必须读这个”由于没有随身带着自己的书，他就指着桌子上放着的我的那本。
2.虽然我是位新老师，我本来可以告诉这个家伙许多事情的。
我本来可以指出，他考入的不是制药技工培训学校而是大学，而且他在毕业时，应该得到一张写有理学学士而不是“合格的磨药工”的学位证书。
这证书会证明他专修过药剂学，但它还能进一步证明他曾经接触过一些人类发展史上产生的思想。
换句话说，他上的不是技能培训学校而是大学，在大学里学生既要得到培训又要接受教育。
3.我本来可以把这些话都告诉他，但是很明显，他不会待很长时间，说了也没用。
4.但是，由于我当时很年轻而且责任感也很强，我尽量把我的意思这样表达出来：“在你的余生中，”我说，“平均每天24小时左右。
谈恋爱时，你会觉得它有点短；失恋时，你会觉得它有点长。
但平均每天24小时会保持不变。
在其余的大约8个小时的时间里，你会处于睡眠状态。
5.“然后在每个工作日8个小时左右的时间里，我希望你会忙于一些有用的事情。
假设你毕业于一所药科大学——或工程大学，法学院，或者其他什么大学——在那8个小时时间里，你将用到你的专业技能。
作为一个药剂师，你要确保氯化物没有和阿斯匹林混在一起；作为一个工程师，你要确保一切都在你的掌控之中；作为一个律师，你要保证你的当事人没有因为你的无能而被处以电刑。
这些都是有用的工作，它们涉及到的技能每个人都必须尊重，而且它们都能给你带来基本的满足。
无论你还干些什么，这些技能都很可能是你养家糊口的本领。
大学英语精读第二册11
Book 2 ；lesson 11altitude ['æltitju:d]alt(高的)+itude(名词词缀) n. 1.the height of a place above sea level高处海拔:we are flying at an altitude of6000 meters.2.(c usually pl) a place that ishigh above sea level (海拔高的)高处高地[固定搭配]：compute altitude 计算测量高度[近义词辨析]altitude height elevation altitude指海平面的垂直距离或角度测量时地平面向上垂直距离:The mountainhas an altitude of 1000 meters.height指任何能够测量出来的，从某比较的标准是高还是低的东西:The treeattains a height of 50 feet.elevation 主要是指高出海面的高度:Theelevation of a mountain[形近字]：altitude高度attitude态度[补充归纳]:grab for altitudea. (空战中)抢占高度b. [俚语]大发脾气；in one'saltitude.a. 飘飘然；自高自大b. [美国俚语]醉anticipate[æn'tisipeit]anti(前)+cip(拿)+ate vt & vi [ 过去式anticipated 过去分词anticipated 现在分词anticipating ].1.toexpect sth预期，期望:We anticipated herwinning first prize.我们期望她获得第一名。
2.to see what might happen in thefuture and take action to people for it 预见并做好准:Economists anticipate thatthe new policy will unleash anothercolossal growth potential for the country.经济学家预测：新的政策将会大幅度增加国家潜在的经济收入.3.to think withpleasure and excitement about sth that isgoing to happen . 期望，期待:Weanticipated her winning first prize.我们期望她获得第一名.4.to do sth before it canbe done by sb else先于…前行动，抢…之先，占…之先，先人一着；早于别人做(或做成)，在…之前做(或取得):Didthe Vikings anticipate Columbus indiscovering America.是北欧海盗在哥伦布之前就发现美洲的吗?5. 预先考虑并满足(需要、请求、希望等)，(想到别人可能提出的命令、要求等而)预先作好，未等待下达就执行(命令)；未等提出就回答(问题)：She anticipated each of myorders.未等下达她便执行我的每道命令。
现代大学英语精读第二册第二版课后翻译以及中文1-8单元
.Unit21 我跟你说，从各方面考虑，当教师不失为一个好主意。
事实上，我认为这个主意好极了。
You know what ?All things considered,it’s not a bad idea to be a teacher. As a matter of fact,I think it is an excellent idea.2我不大喜欢你像刚才那样用讽刺的口气说话。
你好像老是在暗示，我是什么都不会的废物。
I don’t like it when you take a sarcastic tone the way you just did . You seem tobe implying all the time that I am a good-for-nothing.3我爸能让我作最后决定，真是很体谅人。
我得说我够幸运。
不是很多人都有这么好的父亲。
It is really considerate of my father to leave the final decision to me . I must sayI am very lucky.Not many people have such a terrific father.4你说你不要钱。
你可能不愿要，但你的确需要钱。
我看不出来大学生在课余时间挣点钱有什么错。
You said you do not want any money .You may not want money ,but you do need money .I don’t see what’s wrong with students earning some money during their spare time.5不知道为什么，这个曲调听起来很熟，但我就是记不起来了。
反正是一首俄罗斯民歌。
Somehow this tune sounds very familiar, but I can’t recall what it is. In anycase ,It is a Russian folk song.6除了一贯的周末家务，我明天还有一大堆家庭作业要做。
精读2第二版unit11答案_Unit11
Participant’s textUNIT 11NOMINATIONS: OVERVIEW PARTICIPANT’S TEXTStates Parties may nominate elements of the intangible cultural heritage (ICH) present in their territory for inscription on the Lists of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage.1This unit covers the following topics:The two Lists of the Intangible Heritage Convention: the Urgent Safeguarding List (USL) and the Representative List (RL).The Register of Good Safeguarding Practices (Article 18).Number of files treated every year, procedures, timetables and criteria for submitting, evaluating and examining nominations to these Lists and proposals to the Register.Effects of inscription of elements on the Lists (USL and RL) of the Convention.Relevant entries in Participant’s text Unit 3 include: ‘Evaluation Body’,‘Elements of ICH’ and‘Shared or cross-border heritage’.1. Frequently referred to as the ‘Intangible Heritage Convention’, the ‘2003 Convention’ and, for the purpose of this unit,simply the ‘Convention’.2 Unit 11: Nominations: overview Participant’s text Published in 2016 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France© UNESCO 2016This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en).The images of this publication do not fall under the CC-BY-SA licence and may not be used, reproduced, or commercialized without the prior permission of the copyright holders. The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.Participant’s text Unit 11: Nominations: overview 311.1 NOMINATIONS TO THE LISTS OF THE CONVENTIONThe two Lists of the Convention, already briefly introduced in Participant’s text Unit 2, are:•The Urgent Safeguarding List (USL) (in full: the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding).•The Representative List (RL) (in full: the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity).As a general rule, nominations to the Convention’s Lists are presented by the States Parties concerned. They should be prepared with the full participation of the relevant communities and submitted with their consent. Only ICH elements, i.e. practices, expressions, knowledge and skills that meet the definition of ICH given in the Convention, may be submitted for inscription on the Lists. Associated objects or spaces and individual tradition bearers may be mentioned in a file, but they may not be the focal element of a nomination.Nominations may be made to either of the two Lists of the Convention. An ICH element can be inscribed on only one of the Lists at a time.The Secretariat of the Convention disseminates information on the ICH website about all inscribed elements on the two Lists. For each element, the information includes a short description, the complete nomination form, letters of consent from communities, inventory documents related to the element, photographs and videos.See: /culture/ich/en/lists/11.2 URGENT SAFEGUARDING LISTThe USL is established by Article 17 of the Convention. The six criteria for inscription on this List are given in paragraph 1 of the Operational Directives (ODs) and discussed in Participant’s text, 11.7 and 11.8 below.Inscription on the USL bears witness that the viability of the element concerned is at risk and that safeguarding measures are elaborated to perpetuate its practice and transmission by the communities concerned.INSCRIPTIONS ON THE LISTSubmission of a nomination to the USL means that the submitting State recognizes the interest that the community concerned has in preserving the element and that it will take measures to assist the community in safeguarding it. Inscription means that the State Party concerned may profit from international cooperation for safeguarding efforts, including priority access to international assistance (OD 9(a)). States may also request International Assistance from the ICH Fund for making nominations to the USL. For more information on international assistance, see Participant’s text Unit 12.To view all the elements inscribed on the USL, see:/culture/ich/en/lists4 Unit 11: Nominations: overview Participant’s textINDEPENDENT LISTSThe USL is independent of the RL and should not be confused with the List of WorldHeritage in Danger. Under the World Heritage Convention, all nominations made to theWorld Heritage List and properties may be transferred to its subsidiary List of WorldHeritage in Danger if the World Heritage Committee considers them to be at risk (seePa rticipant’s text Unit 13.)Inscription on the USL should in no way be seen as a sign of failure or as a punitive action: the Convention recognizes that there are many endangered ICH practices everywhere inthe world and inscription aims to help in addressing the threats to which the inscribedelements are exposed. The ICH Fund is thus to be used in the first place to provideassistance for safeguarding measures for elements inscribed on this List, with prioritygiven to requests from developing States.11.3 REPRESENTATIVE LISTThe Representative List (RL) is established by Article 16 of the Convention. The fivecriteria for inscription on it are given in OD 2 and discussed in Participant’s text 11.7 and11.9 below. The RL seeks to promote visibility for ICH in general and to raise awarenessabout it. In principle, the elements inscribed on this List have good viability.To view all the elements inscribe on the RL, see: /culture/ich/en/listsREPRESENTATIVE OF WHAT?The term ‘representative’ is not defined in the Convention or the Operational Directives. Itis variously interpreted to mean representative of the ICH of communities, States orregions, of the various domains of ICH or of human creativity.The term ‘Representative List’ was preferred to several other terms that were discussedduring the preparation of the Convention. The Convention does not wish to createhierarchies between elements by suggesting that some elements –for example, thoseinscribed on one List of the Convention or the other – are more important than other, non-inscribed elements.This approach – avoiding hierarchies between elements – distinguishes listing under theConvention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage from listing on theWorld Heritage List, where the selection is based on the criterion of ‘outstanding universalvalue’. The elements inscribed on the RL and the USL are primarily of value to thecommunities that create, enact and transmit them.The comparison between the Intangible Heritage Convention and the World HeritageConvention was introduced in Participant’s text Unit 2.4.The contrast between the listingsystems of these two Conventions is discussed in greater depth in Participant’s textUnit 13.Participant’s text Unit 11: Nominations: overview 511.4 WHICH LIST?When deciding to nominate elements to the Lists of the Convention, it is important toconsider which List (USL or RL) is most suitable. The main criterion for determining this isthe viability of the element concerned. Elements suitable for inscription on the RL shouldbe viable, while elements suitable for inscription on the USL face significant threats andrisks to their viability. Often the choice between the two Lists is not easy to make. There is, of course, a continuum between thriving and almost moribund ICH and the same elementmay be viable in some places but threatened in others. This means that States have acertain degree of choice in selecting the appropriate List.Nominations to both Lists require a detailed and up-to-date assessment of the viability ofthe element concerned. Elements suitable for nomination should already be listed in aninventory prepared under the responsibility of the State Party (criterion 5 for both Lists), sosome information on the viability of the element should already be available. Even so, it isimportant to confirm the current state of viability of the element with community membersand/or practitioners, if only because circumstances may have changed since informationwas collected for inventorying purposes. There will often be a diversity of opinions on thesubject within the community.TRANSFER OR REMOVAL FROM THE LISTSStates Parties concerned may propose the transfer of elements from one List to the otherif they become less endangered or vice versa (OD 38). Elements may also be removedfrom a list (ODs 39–40). The Committee may decide to remove an element if it considersthat it no longer meets the criteria for the List on which it was inscribed.Delisting an element from the USL, for example, can be justified either because it is nolonger seriously endangered (and it may then be proposed for transfer to the RL) orbecause, in spite of all good efforts, it has ceased to be practised and transmitted by thecommunity concerned.OD 80(e) encourages States Parties to involve the communities concerned, as well asexperts and their institutions, in decisions preceding the removal of an element from a Listor its transfer from one List to the other.INSCRIPTION ON AN EXTENDED OR REDUCED BASISThe inscription of an element on the Lists can be extended to other communities orreduced at the national and/or international level upon the request of the States Parties inwhose territory the element is present, with the consent of these communities.To do so, the States Parties concerned submit a new nomination showing that thenomination, as extended or reduced, satisfies all of the required criteria for inscription.If the Committee decides to inscribe the element as a new nomination file, the newinscription shall replace the original. Otherwise, if the new nomination is not inscribed, theoriginal remains intact (OD 16-19).6 Unit 11: Nominations: overview Participant’s text11.5 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND CONSENTFor both Lists of the Convention, the nomination forms (ICH-01 and ICH-02) require proof that the communities, groups and/or individuals concerned:–have recognized the nominated element as part of their cultural heritage;–have participated in the identification and definition of the element;–have participated in inventorying of the element;–have participated in the widest possible way in the development of the nomination (and any safeguarding or management measures presented in it);–have given their free, prior and informed consent to the submission of the nomination;and–will be involved in the implementation of the proposed measures and have the will and commitment to safeguard the element if required and if conditions are favourable.The mechanisms for ensuring community participation in these activities will differ according to the characteristics of the communities and the ICH elements concerned.11.6 MAKING A NOMINATION TO THE LISTS OF THE CONVENTIONWHO CAN SUBMIT A NOMIN A TION TO THE LISTS OF THE C O NV E N TION?The initiative for the preparation of a nomination file can come from various actors, but whoever initiates it, the State concerned must submit it (or endorse the submission) and the community concerned must be asked for (and give) its free, prior and informed consent.Various parties, including the States Parties concerned, may bring cases of extreme urgency to the attention of the Committee for inscription on the USL; such cases will be taken into account on an accelerated schedule and examined in consultation with the States Parties concerned (ODs 1 (U.6) and 32).SHARED HERITAGE: MULTI-NATIONAL NOMINATIONThe Committee encourages States Parties to submit multi-national nominations on elements shared by different communities to facilitate dialogue. Regarding elements already inscribed, States Parties are encouraged to consider resubmission on a multi-national basis when the element is practised by communities present outside the borders of the country.Multi-national nominations are more complicated than nominations prepared by a single State Party, requiring close coordination among the States concerned and active participation by the respective communities. In this case, the countries concerned usually select a coordinating country to build up and finalize a multi-national nomination. The countries involved do their utmost to strike the right balance of information, particularly between the coordinating country and others participating.Participant’s text Unit 11: Nominations: overview 7Although multi-national nominations are encouraged when elements are found on the territory of multiple States, each State Party has the right to nominate elements found on its territory, regardless of the fact that they may also exist in other States. Such nominations can involve certain sensitivities and can inadvertently lead to misunderstanding rather than cooperation.See: ODs 13-15 and the entries on shared heritage in the Aide-Memoires for Completing Nominations to the USL and RL. (/culture/ich/en/forms)WHAT FORMS CAN BE USED FOR SUBMITTING A NOMINATION?There are special forms for nominating elements to the Lists of the Convention: ICH-01 for the USL and ICH-02 for the RL. States Parties may request assistance from the ICH Fund for developing nominations for the USL (Form ICH-05), but not for nominations to the RL.In addition, Form ICH-01bis has been developed for USL nominations containing a request for international assistance.The forms should be filled in using English or French, the working languages of the Committee. These forms and accompanying instructions can be found at the following link on the ICH website: /culture/ich/en/forms/The forms usually allocate a restricted number of words for responses to each question.Ten recent photographs (no more, no less) are required with each file; a video is obligatory for both USL and RL nominations (maximum length ten minutes). ‘Cession of rights’ forms are also required for all audiovisual material submitted.The Secretariat posts nominations as received for the current cycle on the website of the Convention in their original language. After the technical examination, if additional information is required, the Secretariat requests States to submit a revised nomination file.Once received, the revised requests are posted online and replace the original nominations received. Translations of the nomination files into English or French are also posted online as they become available. Files may be withdrawn by submitting States Parties at any time before the Committee takes a decision (OD 25).11.7 CRITERIA FOR INSCRIPTION: COMMON CRITERIAThe nomination forms for the USL, and the RL ask questions to enable the Committee to determine whether the proposed elements satisfy the relevant criteria. Nominated elements must meet all of the criteria given in ODs 1–2.•There are six criteria for USL nominations (OD 1), U.1 to U.6.•There are five criteria for RL nominations (OD 2), R.1 to R.5.The criteria for the two Lists largely coincide; the differences between them reflect the different aims of the two Lists.The following criteria are common to both Lists:–U.1 and R.1: The element constitutes ICH as defined in Article 2 of the Convention.8 Unit 11: Nominations: overview Participant’s text–U.4 and R.4: The element has been nominated following the widest possible participation of the community, group or, if applicable, individuals concerned and withtheir free, prior and informed consent.–U.5 and R.5: The element is included in an inventory of the ICH present in the territory(ies) of the submitting State(s) Party(ies) (being) prepared by the State(s)Party(ies), as defined in Articles 11 and 12 of the Convention.The explanation on the form indicates that the inventory in question may be a work-in-progress. Some practical information about the inventory is required on the form: where or how it can be consulted, what organization is responsible for it, the inventory entry number of the element in question and so on.Documentary evidence needs to be provided in an annexe demonstrating that the nominated element is included in an inventory of the intangible cultural heritage present in the territory(ies) of the submitting State(s) Party(ies), as defined in Articles 11 and 12 of the Convention. This evidence shall include a relevant extract of the inventory(ies) in English or French, as well as in the original language if different. It may be complemented by a reference to a functioning hyperlink through which such an inventory may be accessed, but the hyperlink alone is not sufficient.11.8 CRITERIA SPECIFIC TO THE URGENT SAFEGUARDING LISTThere are three criteria that are specific to the USL, namely:–U.2(a): The element is in urgent need of safeguarding because its viability is at risk despite the efforts of the community, group or, if applicable, individuals and State(s)Party(ies) concerned; or–U.2(b): The element is in extremely urgent need of safeguarding because itis facing grave threats as a result of which it cannot be expected to survive without immediatesafeguarding.This criterion requires that threats and risks to viability –and their gravity –be clearly indicated.–U.3: A safeguarding plan is elaborated that may enable the community, group or, if applicable, individuals concerned to continue the practice and transmission of theelement.This criterion requires that detailed and realistic safeguarding measures be elaborated, with the community concerned, to address the threats to the element viability that have been identified under criterion U.2.–U.6: In cases of extreme urgency, the State(s) Party(ies) concerned has (have)been duly consulted regarding inscription of the element in conformity with Article 17.3 of theConvention.Criterion U.6 only applies if the element is in extremely urgent need of safeguarding.Cases of extreme urgency may be brought to the attention of the Committee by various parties, including the State Party or the community concerned. The Bureau of the Committee may invite the State Party concerned to submit a file for the USL that will then be taken into account on an accelerated schedule (ODs 1 (U.6) and 32). No such case has yet been considered by the Committee.Participant’s text Unit 11: Nominations: overview 911.9 CRITERIA SPECIFIC TO THE REPRESENTATIVE LISTThe two criteria that are specific to the RL are R.2 and R.3:–R.2: Inscription of the element will contribute to ensuring visibility and awareness of the significance of the ICH and to encouraging dialogue, thus reflecting cultural diversityworldwide and testifying to human creativity.This means that States submitting an element for the RL must prove that the element, once inscribed, may be used to raise the visibility of the ICH and awareness of its importance in a larger framework of the promotion and protection of cultural diversity and human creativity.–R.3 Safeguarding measures are elaborated that may protect and promote the element.Note that the wording of R.3 is different from that of U.3: the first difference being the different levels of viability of elements proposed for the two Lists and the second is that RL requires ‘measures’ while the USL requires a ‘plan’. This criterion (R.3), given the generally healthy state of the elements inscribed on the RL, focuses attention on measures for promoting ongoing practice and transmission of the ICH elements concerned (especially after inscription) rather than on measures addressing serious threats to their viability.With both types of nominations, it is important to reflect on the possible negative consequences of inscription on the element concerned and to foresee measures that may help mitigate such effects.11.10 REGISTER OF GOOD SAFEGUARDING PRACTICESThe Register was briefly introduced in Participant’s text Unit 2.Article 18 of the Convention (discussed in Participant’s text Unit 2.9) asks the Committee to select programmes, projects and activities aimed at the safeguarding of ICH, nominated by States Parties that best reflect the principles and objectives of the Convention. The Operational Directives explain that the Committee will disseminate the selected programmes of the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices and that it will further research the selected programmes and their effectiveness (OD 42, 44, 45, 46).Proposals to the Register should be submitted using Form ICH-03. Preparatory assistance may be requested for preparing proposals to the Register using Form ICH-06.The criteria used for the evaluation of these nominations are presented in OD 7. Other ODs inform the States Parties that the Committee particularly welcomes proposals concerning ongoing and completed programmes (OD 5) that involve international cooperation (OD 4) and that pay special attention to the needs of developing countries (OD 6).After including programmes, projects and activities on the Register, the Committee and Secretariat promote them so that other countries and people working in the field may learn from the experiences.Examples can be found on the ICH website.See: /culture/ich/en/Register10 Unit 11: Nominations: overview Participant’s text11.11 EVALUATION AND EXAMINATION OF NOMINATION FILESAn Evaluation Body, consisting of six experts qualified in various fields of ICH(representatives of States Parties non-Members of the Committee) and representatives ofsix accredited NGOs (OD 27), evaluates nominations to the USL, RL, proposals to theRegister and international assistance requests of more than US$100,000.For more about the Evaluation Body, see Participant’s text Unit 3.SUBMISSION OF NOMINATION FILES AND TECHNICAL ASSESSMENTNominations for both Lists, proposals to the Register and international assistancerequests of more than US$100,000 must be submitted to the UNESCO Secretariat by31 March of every year. The processes of technical assessment and evaluation of filestake two years. During the first year the Secretariat receives the files, it acknowledgesreceipt and assesses the technical requirements. If a file is incomplete, the Secretariat willinvite the States Parties to complete it before 30 June. The States Parties will then haveuntil 30 September to do so before the files are evaluated by the Evaluation Body (OD 54).The files are subsequently translated as appropriate so that they are all available in bothEnglish and French.THE EVALUATION PROCESSBetween December of the first year and May of the following year, the Evaluation Bodyconsiders nominations to the Lists, Register and international assistance requests (OD 27and 54). By June, these bodies finalize their recommendations to the IntergovernmentalCommittee. The reports it prepares also summarize the body’s discussions and findings.See the working documents of the Intergovernmental Committee from 2009 onwards at/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00009Later in the second year, the Committee members receive the reports andrecommendations of the body, at least four weeks before their ordinary session, whichusually takes place in November. The submitting States Parties also receive the report,and the recommendations concerning their files and they can withdraw a file at any timebefore examination (OD 25).EXAMINATION AND DECISION BY THE C OMMITTEEDuring its session, the Committee examines and decides about inscription (OD 35).It has happened that the Committee’s decision deviated from the recommendation of thebody, especially in cases where a referral was recommended. It is worth noting that theCom mittee’s discussions and decisions can be followed live online and are available evenafter the Committee meeting on the ICH website.For all nominations, the Committee may decide:–to inscribe the nominated elements on USL and RL or to select programme/project/activity for the Register of Good Safeguarding Practices;Participant’s text Unit 11: Nominations: overview 11–to refer them back to the States Parties concerned for completion (the files may then be resubmitted the following year: OD 35); or–not to inscribe or select in which case the files cannot be resubmitted until four years have passed (OD 36).11.12 REPORTING ABOUT INSCRIBED ELEMENTSREPORTS ABOUT ELEMENTS ON THE USLEvery four years, the States Parties are obliged to submit periodic reports to the Committee on elements inscribed on the USL (OD 160). These reports must include: (a) an assessment of the element, including impacts of safeguarding plans and participation of communities in their execution (OD 162); and (b) information on institutions and community organizations involved in the safeguarding effort (OD 163). A report on each element is due on 15 December every fourth year after the element is inscribed on the USL unless it is eventually removed from the List.GENERAL PERIODIC REPORTS AND REPORTING ABOUT THE ELEMENTS ON THE RLNo separate reports are required exclusively for elements inscribed on the Representative List. However, States Parties have to submit to the Intergovernmental Committee a periodic report on the measures taken for the implementation of the Convention in which they must also report on the current status of all elements present in their territory that have been inscribed on the RL (Article 29; ODs 157–159). These detailed periodic reports must include information on the viability, and the activities implemented for the safeguarding of elements inscribed on the RL (OD 157). Periodic reports are due by 15 December six years after ratification, acceptance or approval of the Convention and every sixth year after that (OD 152).There are a few States not party to the Convention that have in their territories an element – a former Masterpiece – included on the RL. They, too, have an obligation to inform the Committee about the state of viability of these elements (ODs 60, 168 and 169).The main difference in reporting about the elements inscribed on the USL and RL lies in the assumption that, in the case of USL, the inscription should result in strengthening the concerned community’s capacity to safeguard and enhance the v iability of the endangered element of ICH. In the case of the RL the inscription should enhance visibility not only of the inscribed element but also of ICH in general at local, national and international levels and to encourage dialogue among communities.U011-v2.0-PT-EN。
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Book 2 ；lesson 11altitu de ['æltitj u:d]alt(高的)+itude(名词词缀) n. 1.the height of a placeabove sea level高处海拔:we are flying at an altitu deof 6000 meters.2.(c usuall y pl) a placethat is high abovesea level (海拔高的)高处高地[固定搭配]：compute altitu de 计算测量高度[近义词辨析]altitu de height elevati on altitu de指海平面的垂直距离或角度测量时地平面向上垂直距离:The mounta i nhas an altitu de of 1000 meters.height指任何能够测量出来的，从某比较的标准是高还是低的东西:The treeattain s a height of 50 feet.elevati on 主要是指高出海面的高度:Theelevati on of a mounta i n[形近字]：altitu de高度attitu de态度[补充归纳]:grab for altitu de a. (空战中)抢占高度 b. [俚语]大发脾气；in one'saltitu de.a. 飘飘然；自高自大b. [美国俚语]醉antici pate[æn'tisipe it] anti(前)+cip(拿)+ate vt & vi [ 过去式ant icipa ted 过去分词an ticip ated现在分词an ticip ating ].1.toexpect sth预期，期望:We antici pated herwinnin g firstprize.我们期望她获得第一名。