北师比较教育考博真题
北京师范大学艺术学理论郭兰兰音乐教育比较研究考博真题-参考书-分数线
北京师范大学艺术学理论郭兰兰音乐教育比较研究考博真题-参考书-分数线一、专业的设置郭兰兰老师的音乐教育比较研究方向是一个考博热门方向，一方面是因为郭老师在这一领域浸淫多年，很有造诣，另一方面是因为这一个方向本身有研究的学术价值。
这一个方向属于艺术学理论专业的一个下设方向，由于郭老师每一年只带一个博士生，在这里提供各位考生，要想报考这个方向，很有必要跟郭老师提前沟通。
二、考试的科目音乐教育比较研究的考试科目为：①1101英语或1102俄语或1103日语②2615艺术原理③3178音乐教育研究三、导师介绍郭兰兰：北京师范大学艺术与传媒学院教授，博士生导师，音乐系钢琴教研室主任音乐系系主任。
主要研究方向，钢琴表演艺术四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：肆九叁叁，柒壹六，贰六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。
每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。
最后一方面是专业前沿问题。
每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。
第三，专业真题及解析。
专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。
一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。
考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。
2019年北京师范大学博士入学考试英语真题
2019年北京师范大学博士入学考试英语真题I. Listening Comprehension (15 points)Section ADirections: There are five statements in this section. Each statement will be spoken only once. When you hear a statement, read the four choices given and choose the one which is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard by marking the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1.A. He is in a drug store.B. He is at a department store.C. He is at home.D. He is at his doctor's office.2.A. I missed in3' train because you stopped me.B. You made me forget what I was savingC. You looked so deep in thought that I didn't want to bother you.D. You told me never to interrupt you.3.A Sally drove back and forth to work twice todayB. Sally took long time to do her work.C. Sally took her lunch with her to work.D. Sally usually gets to work in much less time.4.A. If you audit a course, you don't have to take the tests.B. You have to take a test if you want to add another course.C. Of course you need to buy some textbooks.D. It is not necessary to order a textbook.5.A. The speaker's salary is $250.B. The speaker's salary is $1000.C. The speaker's salary is $1100.D. The speaker's salary is $ 275.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear five short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6.A. Clean up her roomB. Get her report back.C. Not wait for him past noon.D. Not worry about her raincoat.7.A. It was probably Mr. Brown's phone number that the woman wrote down.B. it was just an hour ago that the man met Mr. Brown.C. The woman forgot to write down the phone number.D. The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number.8.A. Someone who is in charge of hunting.B. A boss of a company.C. A job-seeking advisor.D. Someone who is in charge of looking for talents for a company.9.A. The woman is not careful at all this time.B. No matter how careful one can be, it is not enoughC. The woman is most careful this time.D. The woman has never been careful.10.A. Tom stayed in a room on the second floor for an hour.B. Nobody but the woman noticed that Tom was absent.C. Tom was absent when the discussion was held. "~D. Tom stayed in Room 302 for an hour.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear an interview. Look at the five statements for this part on your test paper and decide if you think each statement is true or false while you are listening to the interview. If you think the answer is true, mark A, if you think the answer is false, mark B on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. Xiangzhen has lived in the United States since she was ten years old.12. In Korea, the American gesture for "come" is used to call dogs.13. When talking to an older person or someone with a higher social position, Koreans traditionally look at the person's feet.14. Between males and females, direct eye contact is a sign of attraction,15. After many years in the United States Xiangzhen's body language is still completely Korean.II. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: Read the following passages carefully end then select the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Since the first brain scanner was constructed several years ago, computed tomography or computed medical imagery has become fairly widely used. Its rapidacceptance is due to the fact that it has overcome several of the drawbacks ofconventional X-ray technology.To begin with, conventional two-dimensional X-ray pictures cannot show all ofthe information contained in a three-dimensional object. Things at different depthsare super imposed, causing confusion to the viewer. Computed tomography can givethree-dimensional information. The computer is able to reconstruct pictures of thebody's interior by measuring the varying intensities of X-ray beams passing throughsections of the body from hundreds of different angles. Such pictures are basedon series of thin “slices”.In addition, conventional X-ray generally differentiates only between bone andair, as in the chest and lungs. They cannot distinguish soft tissues or variationsin tissues. The liver and pancreas are not discernible at all, and certain otherorgans may only be rendered visible through the use of radiopaque dye. Since computedtomography is much more sensitive, the soft tissues of the kidneys or the livercan be seen and clearly differentiated. This technique can also accurately measuredifferent degrees of X-ray absorption, facilitating the study of the nature oftissue.A third problem with conventional X-ray methods is their inability to measurequantitatively the separate densities of the individual substances through whichthe X-ray has passed. Only the mean absorption of all the tissues is recorded. Thisis not a problem with computed tomography. It can accurately locate a tumor andsubsequently monitor the progress of radiation treatment, so that in addition toits diagnostic capabilities, it can play a significant role in therapy.16. Conventional X-rays mainly show the difference betweenA. bone and airB. liver and pancreasC. muscle and other body tissuesD. heart and lungs17. What kind of view is made possible by contiguous cross sections of the body?A. Two-dimensional.B. Three-dimensional.C. Animated.D. Intensified.18. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared to conventional X-raytechniques, computed tomography is moreA. compactB. rapidC. economicalD. informative19. What is the author's attitude toward this new technique?A. Cautious.B. Tolerant.C. Enthusiastic.D. Critical.20. According to the passage, computed tomography can be used for all of thefollowing EXCEPTA. monitoring a patient's diseaseB. diagnosing disordersC. locating tumorsD. reconstructing damaged tissuesPassage 2Because early man viewed illness as divine punishment and healing aspurification, medicine and religion were inextricably linked for centuries. Thisnotion is apparent in the origin of our word “pharmacy,” which comes from theGreek pharmakon, meaning "purification through purging."By 3500 B.C., the Sumerians in the Tigris-Euphrates valley had developed virtually all of our modern methods of administering drugs. They used gargles, inhalations, pills, lotions, ointments, and plasters. The first drug catalog, or pharmacopoeia, was written at that time by an unknown Sumerian physician. Preserved in cuneiform script on a single clay' tablet are the names of dozens of drugs to treat ailments that still afflict us today.The Egyptians added to the ancient medicine chest. The Ebers Papyrus. a scroll dating from 1900B.C. and named after the German Egyptologist George Ebers, reveals the trial-and-error know-how acquired by early Egyptian physicians. To relieve indigestion, a chew of peppermint leaves and carbonates (known today. As antacids) was prescribed, and to numb the pain of tooth extraction, Egyptian doctors temporarily stupefied a patient with ethyl alcohol.The scroll also provides a rare glimpse into the hierarchy of ancient drug preparation. The “chief of the preparers of drugs” was the equivalent of a head pharmacist, who supervised the “collectors of drugs.” field workers, who gathered essential minerals and herbs. The “preparers’ aides” (technicians) dried and pulverized ingredients, which were blended according to certain formulas by the “preparers” And the “conservator of drugs” oversaw the storehouse where local and imported mineral, herb, and animal-organ ingredients were kept.By the seventh century B.C., the Greeks had adopted a sophisticated mind-body view of medicine. They believed that a physician must pursue the diagnosis and treatment of the physical causes of disease within a scientific framework, as well as cure the supernatural components involved. Thus, the early Greek physician emphasized something of a holistic approach to health, even if the suspected “mental” causes of disease were not recognized as stress and depression but interpreted as curses from displeased deities.The modern era of pharmacology began in the sixteenth century, ushered in by the first major discoveries in chemistry. The understanding of how chemicals interact to produce certain effects within the body would eventually remove much of the guesswork and magic from medicine.Drugs had been launched on a scientific course, but centuries would pass before superstition was displaced by scientific fact. One major reason was that physicians unaware of the existence of disease-causing pathogens—such as bacteria and viruses, continued to dream up imaginary causative evils. And though new chemical compounds emerged, their effectiveness in treating disease was still based largely on trial and error.Many standard, common drugs in the medicine chest developed in this trial-and-error environment. Such is the complexity of disease and human biochemistry that even today, despite enormous strides in medical science, many of the latest sophisticate additions to our medicine chest shelves were accidental finds.21. The author cites the literal definition of the Greek word pharmakon in the first paragraph in order toA. show that ancient civilization had an advanced form of medical scienceB. point out that man of the beliefs of ancient civilizations are still held todayC. illustrate that early man thought recovery from illness was linked to internalcleansingD. emphasize the primitive nature of Greek medical science22. According to the passage, the seventh-century Greeks' view of medicine differedfrom that of the Sumerians in that the GreeksA. discovered more advanced chemical applications of drugsB. acknowledged both the mental and physical roots of illnessC. established a rigid hierarchy for the preparation of drugsD. attributed disease to psychological, rather than physical, causes23. In Paragraph 5, the word “holistic” most nearly meansA. integratedB. religiousC. modernD. physiological24. The passage indicates that advances in medical science during the modern eraof pharmacology may have been delayed by,A. a lack of understanding of the origins of diseaseB. a shortage of chemical treatments for diseaseC. an inaccuracy in pharmaceutical preparationD. an overemphasis on the psychological causes of disease25. In the final paragraph, the author makes which of the following observationsabout scientific discovery?A. Human biochemistry is such a complex science that important discoveries areuncommon.B. Many cures for common diseases have yet to be discovered.C. Trial and error is the best avenue to scientific discovery.D. Chance events have led to the discovery of many modem drugs.Passage 3When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life existin any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life need notresemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planetwhere life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be otherkinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venusor Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at present that they do not.Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be ina more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probablytemporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. Theyare, in fact, still capable under favorable circumstances of leading individuallives. But man's societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormouslymore power and effectiveness than the individuals have.It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long onthe evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand years from now man's societies may havebecome so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality.Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multipleorganism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on man and his machines may have merged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible), they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.The units may be “secondary” machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and other durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.Such creatures might be relics of a past age, many millions of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants froma favored planet.26 What does the word “cheer” (Para. 1, Line 2) imply?A. Imaginative men are sure of success in finding life on other planets.B. Imaginative men are delighted to find life on other planets.C. Imaginative men are happy to find a different kind of life existing on other planets.D. imaginative men can be pleased with the idea that there might exist different forms of life on other planets.27. Humans on Earth are characterized byA their existence as free and separate beingsB. their capability of living under favorable conditionsC. their great power and effectivenessD. their strong desire for living in a close-knit society28. According to this passage, some people believe that eventually __A. human societies will be much more cooperativeB. man will live in a highly organized worldC. machines will take control over manD. living beings will disappear from Earth29. Even most imaginative people have to admit that __A. human societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsB. planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stay,C. it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of the human bodyD. organisms are more creative than machines30. It seems that the writerA. is interested in the imaginary life formsB. is eager to find a different form of lifeC. is certain of the existence of a new life formD. is critical of the imaginative peoplePassage 4Education is one of the key, words of our time. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of unfortunate circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states 'invest' in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by text-books--those purchasable wells of wisdom--what would civilization be like without its benefits?So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and birth; but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology and on the capacity of a man to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form of "college" imaginable. Among the people whom we like to call savages all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect everybody is equally, equipped for life.It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in necessary in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in, 1976, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure thin all on knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries.Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents; therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child.31. The best title for this passage is __A. The Significance of EducationB. Educational Investment and Its ReturnsC. Education: A Comparison of Its Past and Its PresentD. Education in the Wilderness32. The word "interest" in paragraph one means __A. capital profit got back from the investmentB. the things young people are interested inC. the well-educated and successful young men and womenD. the well-educated young people with leadership potential33. The author seemsA. against the education in the very early historic timesB. positive about our present educational instructionC. in favor of the educational practice in primitive culturesD. quite happy to see an equal start for everyone34. The passage implies that __A. some families now can hardly afford to send their children to schoolB. everyone today' has an equal opportunity in educationC. every, country invests heavily in educationD. we are not very certain whether preachers are necessary or not35. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A. One without education today has no opportunities.B. We have not yet decided on our education models.C. Compulsory schooling is legal obligation in several countries now.D. Our spiritual outlook is better now than before.Passage 5Many zoos in the United States have undergone radical changes in the philosophy and design. All possible care is taken to reduce the stress of living in captivity. Cages and grounds are landscaped to make gorillas feel immersed in vegetation, as they would be in a Congo jungle. Zebras gaze across vistas arranged to appear (to zoos visitors, at least) nearly as broad as an African plain.Yet, strolling past animals in zoo after zoo, I have noticed the signs of hobbled energy that has found no release--large cats pacing in a repetitive pattern, primates rocking for hours in one corner of a cage. These truncated movements are known as cage stereotypes, and usually these movements bring about no obvious physical or emotional effects in the captive animal. Many animal specialists believe they are more troubling to the people who watch than to the animals themselves. Such restlessness is an unpleasant reminder that--despite the careful interior decoration and clever optical illusions--zoo animals are prisoners, being kept in elaborate cells.The rationale for breeding endangered animals in zoos is nevertheless compelling. Once a species falls below a certain number, it is beset by inbreeding and other processes that nudge it closer and closer to extinction. If the animal also faces the whole-scale destruction of its habitat, its one hope for survival lies in being transplanted to some haven of safely, usually a cage. In serving as trusts for rare fauna, zoos have committed millions of dollars to caring for animals. Many zoo managers have given great consideration to the psychological health of the animals in their care. Yet the more I learned about animals bred in enclosures, the more I wondered how their sensibilities differed from those of animals raised to roam free.In the wild, animals exist in a world of which we have little understanding. They may communicate with their kind through "language" that are indecipherable by humans. A few studies suggest that some species perceive landscapes much differently than people do; for example, they may be keenly attuned to movement on the faces of mountains or across the broad span of grassy plains. Also, their social structures may be complex and integral to their well-being. Some scientistsbelieve they may even develop cultural traditions that are key to the survival of populations.But when an animal is confined, it lives within a vacuum. If it is accustomed to covering long distances in its searches for food, it grows lazy or bored. It can make no decisions for itself; its intelligence and wild skills atrophy from lack of use. It becomes, in a sense, one of society's charges, completely dependent on humans for nourishment and care.How might an animal species be changed--subtly, imperceptibly--by spending several generations in a pen? I posed that question to the curator of birds at the San Diego Wild Animal Park, which is a breeding center for the endangered California condor. "I always have to chuckle when someone asks me that," the curator replied. "Evolution has shaped the behavior of the condor for hundreds of years. If you think I can change it in a couple of generations, you're giving me a lot of credit."Recently the condor was reintroduced into the California desert---only a moment after its capture, in evolutionary terms. Perhaps the curator was right; perhaps the wild nature of the birds would emerge unscathed, although I was not convinced. But what of species that will spend decades or centuries in confinement before they are released?36. The primary purpose of the passage is toA. highlight the improvements in the conditions of American zoosB. examine behavioral traits of animals living in zoosC. raise concerns about the confinement of wild animals in zoosD. suggest alternative ways of protecting endangered species37. The primary function of the second paragraph is to show thatA. wild animals adapt to their cages by modifying their movementsB. confined animals are not being seriously harmedC. zoos are designed with the reactions of spectators in mindD. people are overly sensitive to seeing animals in captivity38. In the fourth paragraph, the author's most important point is that animals in the wildA. perceive landscapes differently than do animals in captivityB. have modes of communicating that are very similar to those of humansC. are likely to live longer than animals kept in zoosD. depend on the care and support of others of their species39. Which of the following best describes the relationship between the fourth paragraph and the fifth paragraph?A. The fourth paragraph presents a question that is answered in the fir'& paragraph.B. The fourth paragraph contains an assertion that is evaluated in the fifth paragraph.C. The fifth paragraph describes a contrast to the situation presented in the fourth paragraph.D. The fifth paragraph discusses the second part of the process described in the fourth paragraph.40. In paragraph 5. "charges" most nearly means __A. costsB. responsibilitiesC. demandsD. attacksPassage 6The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalist and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the "how to" aspects or journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the "how to" material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed.There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present, the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates.41. The main idea of the first paragraph is that __A. generalized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalismB. concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to .journalistic interviewingC. importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewingD. personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews42. Much research has been done on interviews in generalA. but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglectedB. though the study of the interviewing techniques hasn't received much attentionC. so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthenedD. and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalisticinterviewing43. Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview. __A. but most of them wish to stay away from itB. and many of them hope to be interviewed some day'C. but most of them may not have been interviewed in personD. and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it44.Who is the interviewee in a clinic interview?A. The psychologist.B. The physician.C. The journalist.D. The patient.45. The passage is most likely a part ofA. a news articleB. a prefaceC. a research reportD. a journalistic interviewIII. Translation and Writing (55 points)Section A Translation (40%) Translate the following into Chinese:1) Information processing is the acquisition, recording, organization, retrieval( 检索 ), display, and dissemination of information. In recent years, the term hasoften been applied to computer-based operations specifically. During the past fewcenturies great advances have been made in the human capability to record, store,and reproduce information, beginning with the invention of printing from movabletype in 1450, followed by the development of photography and telephony, andculminating in the mass production of electronic digital computers in the latterhalf of the 20th century. New technologies for preserving and transmitting auraland visual information have further enhanced information processing.2) The entry of the Anglo-Saxon peoples into Britain, and their centuries-longsuccessful struggle to establish Germanic kingdoms there, is among the most famousventures of the Age of Migrations, but like other historical events of the timeit is obscure in much of its detail: the identity and place of origin of the peoplestaking part, the needs and desires that moved them to entry" and conquest, the linesof invasion, the duration of native resistance, the historicity of the BritishArthur (亚瑟王) .Translate the following into English: 英语现在是60多个国家使用的官方或半官方语言。
2020年北京师范大学公共管理考博真题及热点案例分析
2020年北京师范大学公共管理考博真题及热点案例分析育明教育大印老师2019年9月1日星期日【博一学姐解析】育明教育大印老师（V153********）研究发现，北大人大清华北师大北航南开中山武大复旦等院校行政管理考博越来越趋向于考察热点问题，尤其是政策热点问题，比如产业政策争论、垃圾分类、放管服改革等，所以，大家一定要多看一些热点方面的参考书，如下所示：《公共管理学》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2018年版；《公共政策分析》，李国正，首都师范大学出版社，2019年版；《公共管理学：考点热点与真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2020年版；《公共政策分析：考点热点与真题解析》，首都师范大学出版社，2020年版；此外，最近几年行管考研考博对研究方法也越来越重视，推荐以下书目：《社会调研研究方法教程》，袁方，北京大学出版社，2006年版。
【2020-2021年行政管理考博热点案例整理及分析】两不愁三保障（社会职能）社会矛盾转变 ---职能转变（经济—社会），效率---公平，官员选拔（抓到耗子好猫---德能勤绩廉）三农”问题是关系国计民生的根本性问题，没有农业农村的现代化就没有国家的现代化。
2015年11月，党中央决定在“十三五”期间全面打响脱贫攻坚战。
2014年底，国家还有现行标准下贫困人口7017万人，其中包括约1000万生活在“一方水土养不起一方人”地区的建档立卡贫困人口。
中央决定，对这部分贫困群众在自愿的基础上实行易地扶贫搬迁，包括集中安置和插花式分散安置。
对于易地扶贫搬迁这块“硬骨头”，国家采取“中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实”的工作机制，确保易地扶贫搬迁工程的组织实施。
国家发改委等有关部门制定出台了一系列支持政策和措施，明确了“搬迁是手段，脱贫是目的”的理念，力求聚集政策合力，通过搬迁来实现这批群众的脱贫。
[1]主要指标编辑搬迁的主要目标是实现“两不愁三保障”：“两不愁”即不愁吃、不愁穿，“三保障”即义务教育、基本医疗、住房安全有保障。
北师比较教育学考博真题答案-育明考博
北京师范大学教育学部比较教育学考博备考资料-育明考博一、北京师范大学教育学部考博招生情况统计（育明考博）二、北京师范大学比较教育学考博招生情况（育明考博）专业方向复试人数/招生人数复试方式040104比较教育学基础教育比较研究高等教育比较研究国际教育与发展教育研究教育政策与管理比较研究14年24人/7人15年17人/6人16年15人/5人专业笔试成绩占30%专业面试成绩占70%外语加试育明教育杜老师解析：1、北京师范大学自2013年为更好选拔博士生生源质量试行“申请-审核”选拔博士生制度，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。
“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩。
选拔流程为提交申请材料-笔试-面试-录取（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）。
2、材料审核中重点打分项：个人自述、科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）、外语水平、本硕院校、博士修习计划3、初审委员会委员及复试小组成员原则上由相关学科领域副教授（含）以上担任，至少5人。
初审：初审满分值为100分。
在初审成绩60分以上(含60分)的考生中，进行成绩排序，并按不低于1：3（即录取名额:复试人数）的比例确定复试名单。
复试：复试包括外语加试、专业笔试和专业面试（含外语口试），满分值为100分，其中，专业笔试成绩占30%、专业面试成绩占70%，外语加试成绩仅记“合格”或“不合格”。
复试考核内容主要包括：专业基础知识、科研潜力、学术水平、外语能力、创新意识与能力等。
复试成绩60分以上（含60分）且外语加试成绩合格的考生有资格进入最后的录取排名。
（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）育明教育针对北师教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
首都师范大学教育学院教师教育张景斌、刘晓玫学科教育与教师专业发展研究考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
首都师范大学教育学院教师教育张景斌、刘晓玫学科教育与教师专业发展研究考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置首都师范大学教育学院共招生14人，有7个专业，分别是教育学原理、课程与教学论、比较教育学、教育技术学、教师教育、基础心理学、发展与教育心理学。
二、考试的科目三、导师介绍张景斌：女，教授，博士生导师。
在《教育研究》、《数学教育学报》、《数学通报》等刊物发表论文多篇。
主编《中学数学教学教程》、《学校教育现代化的理论与实践》等书籍，合著《数学学科教育学》、《在真实的教育情境中研究教育》等论著。
承担《全面提高北京市初中教育质量》、《促进北京市普通中学学校发展的内部环境》、《提升北京市农村教师队伍质量的理论研究与实践探索》等多项省部级研究项目。
刘晓玫，女，教授，2009-首都基础教育发展研究院教授，教学工作为本科生、研究生开设的课程：数学课程与教学论、中学数学教材教法、中等数学解题研究、初等几何研究、数学方法论、高等数学；研究领域：中小学数学课程、中学数学教学、中学数学教师培养育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。
育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。
四、参考书目专业课信息应当包括一下几方面的内容：第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。
这一点考生可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。
参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何灵活运用参考书中的知识内容来答题，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
另外，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：捌九叁，二肆壹，二二六，专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。
北京师范大学教育技术学专业博士入学考试一些资料
北京师范大学教育技术学专业博士入学考试一些资料教育技术学专业博士入学考试历年试题汇总05年教学设计1. 加涅的学习结果分类，及其特点。
2. 建设主义学习环境下的教学设计的方法与步骤。
3. 以教为主的教学设计模式及其优缺点。
4. 教学设计与教学论的区别。
5. 网络课程的评价标准及你心目中的评价指标体系。
（还有两个题）6. 名词解释：（1）教学结构（2）最近发展区（3）学习特征分析（4）（还有一个）05年教育技术与认知心理学1. 教育技术94定义与04定义的联系与区别。
2. 从教育思想、哲学基础、基本内涵分析建构主义理论。
3. 教育技术的基本理论，及简述各部分的内容。
4. 信息技术与课程整合的目标、内涵、怎么整合。
5. 什么叫表象？表象对知觉、记忆的作用。
6. 皮亚杰的认知发展阶段的基本内容，优点及不足。
7. 什么叫blending learning？谈谈它对我国基础教育改革的意义？（还差一论述题）名词解释：（1）直觉思维（2）布卢姆的教育目标分类04年教学设计1. 教学设计与教学论的区别。
2. 一代和二代教学设计模式。
04年教育技术与认知心理学1. 教育技术94定义与04定义的联系与区别。
2. 皮亚杰的认知发展阶段的基本内容，优点及不足。
3. 如何建设中小学主题资源网站（是余胜泉还是林君芬的论文里讨论的）。
03年教学设计教学设计与教学论03年教育技术与认知心理学1. 皮亚杰的认知发展阶段的基本内容，优点及不足。
2. 如何设计教育网站？3. 对94定义翻译的解释4. 名词解释：a) 研究性学习b) 感觉c) 知觉d) 最近发展区e) 巴班斯基教学法2001年博士入学考试教学设计试题一、请说明如何运用奥苏贝尔的“先行组织者”策略和“认知结构变量”理论来进行概念性知识的教学设计。
（15分）二、请说明分析复杂教学目标的“解释结构模型法”的基本内容及分析步骤。
（15分）三、请给出以教为主的教学设计过程的一般模式和以教为主教学设计的优点及不足。
北京师范大学考博真题(心理学研究方法)
北京师范大学2002年《心理学研究方法》考博真题一、〔25分〕“中学生认知能力测验的编制及北京地区常模的建立”是一篇学位论文的开题报告，请重点从研究方法的角度对它进行评析。
二、〔30分〕从你自己熟悉的研究领域中选择一个研究课题，撰写一份简要的课题论证报告。
三、〔25分〕谈谈你对发展心理学中“定性研究方法”〔质性研究方法〕〔qualitative research method〕的认识。
四、〔20分〕在发展心理学研究中，对所得数据进行统计分析及解释结果时应注意哪些问题。
北京师范大学2003年《心理学研究方法》考博真题一、〔10分〕问答题1.〔5分〕一个横断研究的结果说明：随着年龄的增长，被试的收入显示逐渐增加，在45-50岁时收入最多，然后收入又逐渐减少。
而追踪研究的结果发现：随着年龄的增加，被试的收入都是不断增加的。
为什么横断研究的结果和追踪研究的结果不一致？2.〔5分〕纵向研究可以向我们描述随着年龄增长，心理特征的发展变化过程。
纵向研究只有满足那些条件才能真正测量到心理特征的发展变化过程？二、〔25分〕评析题给出一份研究报告：中文读写能力及其影响因素研究，孟祥芝，心理科学，2002.5的文章。
请从研究方法的角度评析“中文读写能力及其相关因素研究”一文。
三、〔25分〕应用题从自己熟悉的研究领域中提出一个问题，围绕这个问题撰写一份简要的课题论证报告。
四、〔40分〕论述题1.〔20分〕从研究方法的角度分析、比较儿童社会性发展和认知发展研究的异同2.〔20分〕阐述描述研究、相关研究和实验研究的基本特征，并分析他们三者在发展心理学研究中的作用。
北京师范大学2004年《心理学研究方法》考博真题一、判断题〔12分〕1、分半信度的信度调整之后，信度变大2、检验内容信度的方法有专家评定3、运用投射测验的TAT二、简答题〔30分〕1、什么是反应时，在心理研究中的作用。
2、什么是准实验设计，举例说明。
3、为什么心理测量十分重视信度、效度。
(word完整版)北师大教育经济与管理专业考博试题
2011北师大教育经济与管理专业考博试题教育学1。
马克思全面发展的学说,并结合讨论基础教育应该培养的人2. 教育价值观的取向，并讨论基础教育改革的价值取向3. 清未新政和明政维新的改革内容与影响,比较异同4. 杜威的课程论与教学论，讨论其利弊，并结合分析讨论基础教育课程改革的得失教育管理学1.领导有效性＝校长领导力+全体组织成员的参与－管理消极因素，根据此公式分析管理和领导的区别，并给出提高领导有效性的策略2.全面质量管理和目标管理优缺点的比较，并设计一个新方案3。
80年代以来教育管理体制改革的特征及未来改革趋势4.教师评价的分类（从作用来看），并讨论教师评价在绩效考核工资中的应用及策略2010北师大教育经济与管理专业考博试题教育学1.现代教育基本特征和对我国现代教育的认识2。
教育价值的两种取向3.二战后苏联教育改革，理论成果及评价4。
简述隋唐使其科举制的产生,考试内容和方法，和高考对比教育管理学1。
权力理论，并分析教育管理者如何有效应用这些权利2。
中学校长实名推荐值利弊，并对其具体操作提建议3。
教育质量、教育效能、教育效率和教育效能概念机相互关系？谈国际上比较熟悉的一种教育质量评估项目,并指出影响教育质量评个的关键因素。
教育质量评估对教育政策的影响4.学校效能的发展进程,并设计一个关于有效学校特征的研究方案2010年北师大教育经济研究所博士专业考题经济学原理1. 什么是消费者剩余和生产者剩余，用图示说明其产生的过程,并说明什么时候市场最有效率2. 政府采用三种措施补贴穷人:制定价格上限，有利于穷人购买生活用品;发放打折卡，用于购买生活必需用品时打折;直接分配收入.解释三种补贴方式的作用机制,你认为哪种方式最好,为什么3。
人力资本理论的主要内容，以及人力资本理论发生作用需要哪些外部条件4。
用替代效应和收入效应解释女性收入提高对其生育行为有什么影响教育经济学1。
中美“择校"的异同2.薪酬设计的几种主要方式是什么？我国当前中小学绩效工资中存在什么问题，你认为怎么设计中小学绩效工资才合理3.义务教育均衡发展的内涵和理论依据是什么，我国当前义务教育均衡的原因是什么4.你如何评价当前“两为主”的流动人口子女教育政策,你认为在未来流动人口子女教育政策的重点是什么2009年北师大教育管理学院博士专业考题教育学1、马克思主义关于人的全面发展学说的主要观点,及结合我国教育实际运用马克思主义人的全面发展理论对其进行分析2、现代德育的基本特点，并结合我国德育实际分析其特点、存在的问题及解决的建议3、简述巴格莱、布拉梅尔德等人的教育思想及对教育改革的现实意义4、简述和评价新文化运动时期的教育观念与教育改革，及现实意义教育管理学（含管理学）1.说明经典绩效管理的几种方法。
(完整)北师大教育学博士专业试题
2008年教育学A1。
从现代教育的基本价值和功能分析教育对个人发展的意义(25分）2. 试论教学过程的特殊性及对教学工作的意义（25分)3. 互联网对青少年交往行为的影响并就学校教育由此面临的问题等谈谈你的看法。
(20分）4。
各方向必选题试题。
（30分）其中农村教育方向，考题为农村义务教育管理体制和经费投入机制经历了哪几个阶段，分析各阶段的特征。
教育学B1. 论述义务教育的基本特征以及政府应该承担的责任。
（35分)2。
试论教学过程的特殊性及对对教学工作的指导意义(35分）3。
论述互联网对青少年学生交往行为的影响并就学校教育由此面临的问题等谈谈你的对策。
(30分）中外教育史A1。
试述西方国家公立学校体系近200年来的发展及其对教育普及的作用。
（35分）2。
简述从汉代至唐宋时期中国选士制度的演进及其对中国古代教育的影响。
（35分）3。
简述二战后西方国家高等教育大众化进程并对我国当前高等教育大众化问题略予评论.（30分）2007年1、试论现代教育的基本价值和功能及其对个人发展的意义。
(35分）2、谈谈近年来教育研究方法论方面的若干变化及其意义.（30分)3、要求根据材料写篇小文章.材料太长，出自《发展教育学年鉴2003》，首都师大出版社2003版。
具体内容是关于现代德育方面的。
（35分)2006年教育学B1、从教育的本质属性角度，评析“教育产业化”。
2、现在德育概念有泛化的趋势，广义的德育包括（思想政治教育、道德品质教育、法制教育、心理健康教育等）以及狭义的德育(道德品质教育）概念的各自内涵及相互关系。
3、有人提出“学生第一,教师第二"的观点，请评析。
2005年教育学A1、结合实际评述精英主义和大众主义教育观（30分）2、女性主义哲学对教育的影响（30分）3、基础教育课程改革中存在的问题及对策（40分）教育学B1。
论述教育的保守和大众价值取向。
2. 评述中国传统德育思想。
3。
对当前中小学教学改革进行评述和理论分析,并提出对策建议.中外教育史一、简答1、简述韩愈和荀子对教师任职条件、作用和师生关系思想的差异；你认为他们二人对教师的要求哪个更高？为什么？（10分）2、简述三舍制,为什么它没能够取代科举制?(10分)3、民国元年和1922年学制改革的指导方针有什么变化（15分)二、论述1、论述黄炎培“凡教育皆含职业之意味”这句话的含义(20分）2、论述近代自卢梭以来教育思想家关于知识与道德关系的思想（25分）3、从历史演变的角度论述西方人文主义教育思想演变的历程.（25分)2004年教育学A：1、论述公民教育与公民社会；2、公共教育与教育公共性；3、教师教育与教师专业化；4、谈一下你对布鲁纳“任何学科只要以恰当的方法就可以教给任何年龄段的任何学生”的理解；中外教育史:1、夸美纽斯与赫尔巴特在教育学科的地位;2、中国乡村建设者理论评述及其对现代教育的启示；3、论中国学制百年变革经验及启示。
2016北京师范大学特殊教育学考博真题答案-育明考博
北京师范大学教育学部特殊教育学考博备考资料-育明考博一、北京师范大学教育学部考博招生情况统计（育明考博）二、北京师范大学特殊教育学考博招生情况（育明考博）专业方向复试人数/招生人数复试方式040109特殊教育学特殊儿童生理心理研究特殊教育基本理论融合教育14年10人/3人15年8人/3人16年11人/3人专业笔试成绩占30%专业面试成绩占70%外语加试育明教育杜老师解析：1、北京师范大学自2013年为更好选拔博士生生源质量试行“申请-审核”选拔博士生制度，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。
“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩。
选拔流程为提交申请材料-笔试-面试-录取（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）。
2、材料审核中重点打分项：个人自述、科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）、外语水平、本硕院校、博士修习计划3、初审委员会委员及复试小组成员原则上由相关学科领域副教授（含）以上担任，至少5人。
初审：初审满分值为100分。
在初审成绩60分以上(含60分)的考生中，进行成绩排序，并按不低于1：3（即录取名额:复试人数）的比例确定复试名单。
复试：复试包括外语加试、专业笔试和专业面试（含外语口试），满分值为100分，其中，专业笔试成绩占30%、专业面试成绩占70%，外语加试成绩仅记“合格”或“不合格”。
复试考核内容主要包括：专业基础知识、科研潜力、学术水平、外语能力、创新意识与能力等。
复试成绩60分以上（含60分）且外语加试成绩合格的考生有资格进入最后的录取排名。
（北师考博真题、资料、辅导咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：八九三.二四一.二二六）育明教育针对北师教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
2016～2021年北师大外国哲学考博真题、考博参考书、历年分数线、录取名单..
2016～2021年北师大外国哲学考博真题、考博参考书、历年分数线、录取名单、导师信息及经验总结育明教育506大印老师整理2020年6月1日目录一、2021年北师大外国哲学考博参考书二、2016-2020年北师大外国哲学考博真题及解析三、2021年北师大外国哲学考博招录比及分数线四、2021年北师大外国哲学考博专业课笔记整理五、2021年北师大外国哲学考博导师信息【温馨提示】每个院校的考博时间是不一样的，加之每个院校博士招生人数有限，所以育明教育大印老师建议大家一定要多选择几个院校进行备考，一般而言，选择4-5个院校比较合适，这几个院校选择应该注意具有一定的层次性，比如可以选择北大、南开，首师大、中财，矿大、地大等三个档次的院校。
因为只要是211或者双一流的院校的博士，对于你以后进入高校任教或者从事相关的工作是太大影响的。
切记孤注一掷的之报考一个院校。
2020年育明教育学员刘同学同时被北大、社科院、南开、人大等名校金融学考博录取，考博院校考察内容相差不大，所以，一定要多选择几个院校。
此外，很多考生问考博辅导的意义是什么，其实对于考博而言，最重要的是三点：第一，考博信息，即考博院校和考博侧重点的选择问题，这点一般的考生很难完全了解，因为很多院校考博信息并不对外公开，但是咱们经过12年的辅导经验，很多内容是比较了解的；第二，个人陈述和研究计划，这点一般的考生可能很难独立完成，尤其是研究计划，因为研究计划既需要和所报考导师相关，也需要和自己本硕专业相关，这点都在咱们的辅导之内；第三，专业课考试范围和考试侧重点，这点也很重要。
一、2020年北师大外国哲学考博参考书说明：所列书籍为2019年第一名推荐书目。
2019年北师大外国哲学考博录取的学生有二分之一是育明教育学员。
在校教授授课，精准押题。
1、孙小礼主编：《现代科学的哲学争论》，北京大学出版社2003年8月版；2、教育部社科司主编：《自然辩证法概论》，高等教育出版社2004年版；3、W．H．牛顿－史密斯主编：《科学哲学指南》，上海科技教育出版社2006年11月版；4、麦克莱伦等：《世界史上的科学技术》，上海科技教育出版社2003年版。
北京师范大学考博英语部分真题答案解析
北京师范大学考博英语部分真题答案解析23.D解析：推断题。
本题考查作者对于现场表演的虔诚追随者的观点态度。
从文章第三段可知，作者自己选择听唱片/录音而不是听现场音乐会。
第四段开头作者提到，devoted concertgoers认为“录音不能代替现场表演”，但作者认为devoted concertgoers are missing the point(现场表演虔诚的追随者没有切中要害)，之后是论据支持作者的观点，作者认为These recordings are cheap,available everywhere,and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances，即录音便宜、容易得到，且通常比今天的现场音乐会有更高的艺术品质。
[D]项overestimate the value of live performances(高估了现场表演的价值)是对作者对于devoted concertgoers观点的高度概括，故为正确答案。
干扰项：选项[A]意思是“喜欢听现场音乐会的人忽视了现场表演的花销”，原文确实提到These recordings are cheap，但是这个选项片面，没有概括性。
选项[B]意思是“拒绝大多数种类演唱会录音”没有概括出作者对于devoted concertgoers的观点态度，太浅显，且与原文对devoted concertgoers的描述Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance…存在误差。
选项[C]意思是“夸大了现场表演的多样性”，原文没有提到。
（PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)24.D解析：推断题。
2020年北京师范大学教育学考博真题及考博参考书
2020年北京师范大学教育学考博真题及考博参考书育明教育506大印老师整理2020年5月14日目录一、2020年北京师范大学教育学院考博参考书二、2010-2019年北京师范大学教育学院考博真题及解析三、2020年北京师范大学教育学院博真题预测四、北京师范大学教育学院考博专业课答题技巧【温馨提示】每个院校的考博时间是不一样的，加之每个院校博士招生人数有限，所以育明教育大印老师建议大家一定要多选择几个院校进行备考，一般而言，选择4-5个院校比较合适，这几个院校选择应该注意具有一定的层次性，比如可以选择北大、南开，首师大、中财，矿大、地大等三个档次的院校。
因为只要是211或者双一流的院校的博士，对于你以后进入高校任教或者从事相关的工作是太大影响的。
切记孤注一掷的之报考一个院校。
此外，很多考生问考博辅导的意义是什么，其实对于考博而言，最重要的是三点：第一，考博信息，即考博院校和考博侧重点的选择问题，这点一般的考生很难完全了解，因为很多院校考博信息并不对外公开，但是咱们经过12年的辅导经验，很多内容是比较了解的；第二，个人陈述和研究计划，这点一般的考生可能很难独立完成，尤其是研究计划，因为研究计划既需要和所报考导师相关，也需要和自己本硕专业相关，这点都在咱们的辅导之内；第三，专业课考试范围和考试侧重点，这点也很重要。
一、2020年北京师范大学教育学院考博参考书教育研究方法：《教育研究方法导论》裴娣娜安徽教育出版社1995《教育研究方法导论初探》叶澜上海教育出版社外国教育史和中国教育史：《外国教育史》王天一北京师范大学出版社1993《外国教育史教程》吴式颖人民教育出版社2012《中国教育史》孙培青华东师范大学出版社2009《简明中国教育史》王炳照北京师范大学出版社2008教育心理学：《当代教育心理学》陈琦刘儒德北京师范大学出版社2007《教育心理学》冯忠良人民教育出版社2010《教育心理学》吴庆麟人民教育出版社2006教育学原理：《现代教育论》黄济王策三人民教育出版社2009《教育学基础》全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写教育科学出版社2008二、2021年北京师范大学教育学院考博笔记（2019年育明学员第一名整理）课程一、课程概述（一）课程及相关概念1.课程课程是由一定的育人目标、特定的知识经验和预期的学习活动方式构成的一种动态的教育存在。
北京师范大学教育学专业考博攻略及真题
北京师范大学教育学专业考博攻略一、申请条件教育研究方法：《教育研究方法导论》裴娣娜安徽教育出版社1995《教育研究方法导论初探》叶澜上海教育出版社外国教育史和中国教育史：《外国教育史》王天一北京师范大学出版社1993《外国教育史教程》吴式颖人民教育出版社2012《中国教育史》孙培青华东师范大学出版社2009《简明中国教育史》王炳照北京师范大学出版社2008教育心理学：《当代教育心理学》陈琦刘儒德北京师范大学出版社2007《教育心理学》冯忠良人民教育出版社2010《教育心理学》吴庆麟人民教育出版社2006教育学原理：《现代教育论》黄济王策三人民教育出版社2009《教育学基础》全国十二所重点师范大学联合编写教育科学出版社2008五.经验分享1、关于什么时候开始准备考博和联系导师的一些问题越来越多的院校随着改革的深入逐渐转向申请——考核制。
但不管是申请—考核还是考试，论文在考博过程中都起着重要作用，因此，如果决定考博，在硕士期间多发一些核心期刊还是非常重要的，建议各位在发文章的时候，不要贪多，而应对1-2篇文章精心雕琢,以发表在一个好的期刊上，D类文章并没有多大帮助。
有心考博的同学不妨在研一的时候多读些书，争取研二在好的期刊上发文章，研三有很多事情要忙，可以把发文章的事情提前。
这样，既是研三决定不考博了，这些文章对你找工作也有很大帮助。
至于工作之后再考博的同学，发文章同样很重要，可提前准备。
研三开始准备考博就可以了，（当然，研一就决定考博的同学，早早准备更好，可以多读书，多发文章，学好英语等。
）如果一旦决定了考博就一定要全力以赴，而不要犹豫不决，更不要轻言放弃。
在复习的过程中全力以赴，只要你真正的付出了，相信你会取得让自己满意的成绩！关于联系导师的问题，主要是什么时候联系导师和与导师联系说什么。
如果你心仪的导师是你通过身边的老师同学能接触到的，那是非常好的，如果硕导愿意推荐你那就更好了。
当然，也有一些同学报考的导师是硕导不认识、自己更是从未谋面的老师，那就需要你发挥你的人脉，利用各种途径找到老师的联系方式，多读老师的文章和著作了。
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比较教育学专业考博真题
05教育哲学：1、名词：善端、个体文化内化、教育平等、自然教育、教育主体；2、全球化下中国传统教育哲学理论及现实意义；论述教育无能论和教育万能论
06教育哲学：名词：1、生活准备说 2、道德相对主义 3、有道者劝以教人（墨子）4、政教分离原则 5、学校消亡论。
论述：1、讨论对教育现象进行跨文化比较研究的必要性、可能性。
2、运用主客体理论关系分析《学会生存》中“人在创造活动中并通过创造活动来完善自己”加以评论。
07教育哲学：名词解释：教育成层、良知良能、伊凡伊里奇、要素主义。
论述：1、根据公平与效率的辩证关系谈我国高等教育大众化政策的得与失。
2、从全球化背景探教育的国际性与民族性。
北师大2009年比较教育学专业考博真题
2009年北师大教育哲学原理试题
1、比较终身教育思潮、全民教育思潮和全纳教育思潮的异同。
2、试析当前我国教育公平存在的问题及其对策。
3、试论大众化时代的高等教育质量观。
4、试析文化传统与教育变革的关系。
2009年北师大比较教育试题
1、试析实证主义与相对主义的基本主张。
2、论金融危机对世界教育改革的影响。
3、以比较的视角分析我国高中的文理分科制度。
4、以英美为例制度环境对私立高等教育发展的影响。
就今年的试题而言，考察的大都是教育热点问题，像高中文理分科、金融危机对教育的影响等等，直接从书本上找到的题目很少。
北京师范大学2010年比较教育学考博真题
1.试用比较教育理论分析"民族的就是世界的"观点
2.试论比较教育研究中的主观性和客观性
3.试评述全球化时代比较教育在国家和地方教育政策制定过程中的价值
4.试分析发达国家促进基础教育均衡发展的基本经验
教育哲学:
1.试评述后现代主义教育思潮的学术贡献与局限
2.试论教育发展中政府、学校与市场的权力关系
3.试从进步主义及其批判的视角评析我国基础教育课程改革中出现的一些问题。
4.试分析高等教育在创新型国家建设中的作用
2011年比较教育学考博真题
1.试从国际比较的角度谈教育发展中的社会参与。
2.试从国际比较的角度谈高中教育发展的多样性。
3.试述“博洛尼亚进程”及其对中国高等教育改革的启示。
4.试论比较教育研究的开放性。
教育哲学原理
1.试评述杜威“教育即生活”教育思想及其当代意义。
2.试评述新自由主义思潮及其对世界教育改革的影响。
3.试分析知识论变迁对教育的影响。
4.谈谈你对现代学校制度的理解。