be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解(基础篇)Microsoft Word 文档
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be动词、助动词、情态动词讲解 (基础篇)
1、be动词的用法。
英语中,be动词选用单数还是复数,要由主语来定,主语是单数,就用单数,反之用复数。
◆句中含有be动词时:
肯定句:主语+be +其他
否定句:主语+ be + not +其他
一般疑问句: Be +主语+其他+?
特殊疑问句:疑问词(what / who / when / where)+ be +主语+其他+?
I am a teacher. You are right.
She is 16 years old. My father is at home.
The students are playing games. My teacher was ill yesterday.
There is a picture on the wall.
There are two books on the table.
★ be动词用法歌:
我用am,你用are,is 连接他她它。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。
变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃;变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记;
疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。
★ be动词作谓语,它后面一般跟名词、形容词或介词短语。
她个子很高。她在教室里。
她是一个高个子的女孩。
2、助动词的用法。
英语句子按正常语序是“什么人或事物” + “做什么”,即,我们常说的“主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。
①主语为I 或复数名词、代词时:
肯定句: I / We / They / The students +动词原形+其他+。
We watch TV every night.
变否定:主语+ don’t +动词原形+其他+。
We don’t watch TV every night.
一般疑问句 Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?
Do you watch TV every night?
Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?
How often do you watch TV?
②主语为单数名词或代词时:
肯定句:主语 + 动词第三人称单数形式 + 其他 + 。
He watches TV every night.
否定句:主语+ doesn’t+动词原形+其他+。
He doesn’t watch TV every night.
一般疑问句:Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?
Does he watch TV every night?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?
How often does he watch TV?
★主语为单数或不可数名词,谓语要用单数第三人称,反过来,看见动词用了单数第三人称,可以推知主语是单数或不可数名词。
( )1. How _________ your dad help at home? A. do B. does C. is
( )2. _______ goes bad easily in summer. A. Milk B. Apples C. Cakes
③过去时的句式(当句子时态为过去时时,动词用过去式,不受主语单复数的影响)
肯定句:主语 + 过去式 + 其他 + 。
He / We got up early every morning last year.
否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。
He / We didn’t get up early every morning last year.
一般疑问句: Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?
Did he / you get up early every morning last year?
Yes, he / we did. / No, he / we didn’t.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?
When did he / you get up every morning last year?
★初中阶段,助动词一般只出现在否定句或疑问句中,助动词用在肯定句中表示强调。
3、情态动词的用法。
情态动词表示说话人的语气或情态。初中英语中,常见的情态动词有:can (could), may (might), should, must, will (would), ought to, have to, need等。
★情态动词的共同点:不受主语单复数的影响;情态动词后用动词原形。
情态动词和动词原形共同构成谓语部分。
肯定句:主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。
She / They can swim well.
否定句:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。
She / They can not swim well.
一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?
Can she / they swim well?
Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can’t.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?
Why can she / they swim well?
Who can swim well?
练习
ⅰ. am, is, are 专项练习。
1. I ___ a boy. ____ you
a boy? No, I __ not.
2. The girl ______ Jack’s sister.
3. The dog ______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes ______ a te acher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroo m?
6. Where ____ your mother? She _____ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
11. That ______ my red skirt.
12. Who ______ I?
13. The jeans ______ on the desk.
14. Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you.
16. The black gloves ______ for Su Ya ng.
17. This pair of gloves ______ for Jim.
18. Physics _______ my favorite subject. 19. The police _____ running after the thief.
20. Our class ________ going to the zoo.