【高中英语】阅读理解精选精讲

高中英语阅读理解精选精讲（一）01Internet firms should help deal with the threat of terrorism or face terror tax , the security minister has said. Ben Wallace said such profiteers as Facebook and Google were failing to play their part, forcing the government to spend h undreds of millions to police internet extremism. The minister added, “If they continue to be less than co-operative, we should look at things like tax as a way compensating for their inaction. Because content is not taken down as quickly as they could do, we have to spend millions. WhatsApp, owned by Facebook, was turning the internet into a violent space.”Mr Wallace did not give more details about a possible terror tax, but it would probably take the form of a windfall tax. The minister also accused internet companies of putting profit before public safety.Simon Milner, Facebook’s UK policy director, said: “Mr Wallace is wrong to say that we put profit before safety, especially in the fight against terrorism. We’ve invested millions of pounds in people and technology to identify and remove terrorist content.” YouTube, which is owned by Alphabet, Google’s parent company, said: “Violent extremism is a complex problem and addressing it is a critical challenge for us all. We are committed to being part of t he solution and we are doing more every day to deal with these issues. “Over the course of 2017 we have made significant progress through investing in machine learning technology, recruiting more reviewers, building partnerships with experts and collaborat ion with other companies”.Anthony Glees, an intelligence expert at Buckingham University, told The Times: “What the government is proposing makes excellent theoretical sense when it comes to making us more secure from the appalling things that are broadca st by the service providers.” He added: “But in practice it may not be enough, because we are dealing with Goliaths here and the United Kingdom is increasingly becoming a lone David.”1. What do we know from Ben Wallace’s words?A. The internet firms have been put on a terror tax.B. The internet companies only concentrate on profit.C. The profit of the Internet firms should be cut down.D. The internet companies are not cooperative enough.2. What did “they” in the first paragraph refer to?A. internet firmsB. internet extremismC. violent spacesD. terror taxes3. Anthony Glees thought the government’s behavior was ______.A. unpracticalB. positiveC. unexpectedD. disapproving4. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Profit or Safety?B. Policing Internet Extremism.C. Internet Giants Threatened with Tax.D. Demonstrating the Government’ Determination.02One day, gardeners might not just hear the buzz of bees among their flowers, but the whirr of robots, too. Scientists have managed to turn an unassuming drone (无人机) into a remote-controlled pollinator (授粉媒介) by attaching horsehairs coated with a special, sticky gel(凝胶) to its underbelly.Animal pollinators are needed for the reproduction of 90% of flowering plants and one third of human food crops. Chief among those are bees — but many bee populations in the United States have been in steep decline in recent decades. Thus, the decline of bees isn't just worrisome because it could disrupt ecosystems, but also because it could disrupt agriculture and economy. People have been trying to come up with replacement techniques, but none of them are especially effective yet.Scientists have thought about using drones, but they haven't figured out how to make free-flying robot insects that can rely on their own power source without being attached to a wire. “It’s very tough work,” said senior author Eijiro Miyako, a chemist at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. His particular contribution to the field involves a gel, one he’d considered a mistake 10 years before and stuck in a storage cabinet. When it was rediscovered a decade later, it hadn’t dried up or degraded at all. “I was so surprised because it s till had high viscosity,” Miyako said.The chemist noticed that when dropped, the gel absorbed an impressive amount of dust from the floor. Miyako realized this material could be very useful for picking up pollen (花粉). He and his colleagues chose a drone and attached horsehairs to its smooth surface to mimic a bee’s fuzzy body. They coated those horsehairs in the gel, and then controlled the drones over lilies, where they would pick up the pollen from one flower and then deposit the pollen at another one, thus fertilizing it.The scientists looked at the hairs under a scanning electron microscope and counted up the pollen grains attached to the surface and found that the drones whose horsehairs had been coated with the gel had about 10 times more pollen than those that had not been coated with the gel.Miyako does not think such drones would replace bees altogether, but could simply help bees with their pollinating duties. There’s a lot of work to be done before that's a reality, however. Small drones will n eed to become more controllable and energy efficient, as well as smarter, with better GPS and artificial intelligence.5. What does the underlined word “viscosity” in Para.3 probably mean?A. Hardness.B. Stickiness.C. Flexibility.D. Purity.6. We can learn from the passage that ______.A. bees disrupt both agriculture and economyB. scientists have invented self-powered robot insectsC. bees in the United States are on the edge of extinctionD. Miyako found the special feature of the gel by chance7. A drone works best in picking up pollen when ______.A. its body is made like a bee’sB. its GPS works more efficientlyC. some flowers are coated with the gelD. horsehairs with the gel are attached to it8. According to Eijiro Miyako, the drones ______.A. are not yet ready for practical useB. may eventually replace bees in the futureC. are much more efficient than bee pollinatorsD. can provide a solution to economic depression03Best London walking toursSandemans New London ToursGain an attractive insight into London's history. Visit the City of London, stopping at St Paul's Cathedral and the Tower of London; explore East London covering Brick Lane, Cockney culture and the criminal underworld; learn about Jack the Ripper; or board on a five-venue pub crawl.Opening Times: Daily at 11:00 and 14:00City Visitor TrailThe City Visitor Trail takes you on a journey through the heart of London. Take in famous attractions such as St. Paul's Cathedral, Guildhall, the Bank of England and the Tower of London or try the themed "side-tracks", each one moving away from the main path to give a more in-depth look at one part of the city.Opening Times: Available 24 hours a day,7 days a week. Check with individual attractions for entry requirements.Brit Movie ToursJoin a unique movie and TV sightseeing walking tour experience in London and go on location to see incredibLe sets and fascinating landmarks. Local guides provide fascinating insights into the industry and there are multiple tours available, inctuding Doctor Who, Gangster London and Harry Potter Tour of London locations.Opening Times: Monday to Friday 9:OOam t05:30pmRoyal Tour of LondonVisit three royal palaces as you journey from Big Ben to Buckingham Palace and Trafalgar Square. Along the way you will discover plots to destroy Parliament, Churchill's hidden shelter, very expensive clubs for the rich and famous, and more. And if that's not enough excitement, Iisten closely for incredible tales of man-eating pelicans (鹈鹕)and crazy lost tourists. This walking tour is run by Strawberry Tours.Opening Times: The tour starts at 10am everyday.9. Which tour can you join at any time?A. Sandemans New London ToursB. City Visitor TrailC. Brit Movie ToursD. Royal Tour of London10. What can you do on a movie sightseeing tour?A. Learn some London's history.B. Participate in making films .C. Visit some film-making locations.D. Act as a local guide.11. What's thrilling on the Royal Tour of London?A. Visiting places of interest.B. Meeting famous people.C. Exploring new spots.D. Listening to amazing legends.04It can be a real struggle trying to learn a new language. I had always enjoyed learning languages in school, but only recently did I start learning German. I found that I could understand and learn individual words easiIy, but when it came to literature, I really struggled. That was when my tutor at university suggested reading some children's books printed in the target language.At first, I felt a bit silly going on a hunt for a book designed for someone half my age, lout then I realised that everyone has to start somewhere. As children, we are given these basic texts to familiarise our brains with certain vocabulary and writing structures, and from there, we can learn and develop. I started with books which are taught to us as children in the UK.1 managed to find Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens and James and the Giant Peach by Roald Dahl.The beauty of reading books that were introduced to you as a child is that you are already familiar with the plot. As a result, you can work out some of the definitions of words with your prior knowledge of the story. At first, I used to read with the book in one hand and a dictionary in the other, but this method did not work well for me. The method I would recommend is to read a chapter of your chosen children’s book and at the end of that chapter, highlight the words you do not know and then look up the definitions. If you can wait a bit before you use a dictionary, you may be surprised what you can get merely from the context of the sentence in the story. Additionally, a lot of children's books have pictures which may give you a clue as to what or to whom the passage is referring.12. Why was the author advised to read children’s books?A. Because she was weak in reading great works.B. Because she was slow to learn language.C. Because she liked children's literature.D. Because she couldn't remember any words.13. What can kids get from childrens' books according to the passage?A. Vocabulary and listening skills.B. Learning methods.C. Words and structures.D. Designing skills.14. What causes the author feel surprised while reading childrens’ books?A. Grasping the context from the pictures.B. Looking up the definations of words from a dictionary.C. Getting familiar with the plots of the story.D. Understanding the words simply from the context.15. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Reading Children's BooksB. The Way of Learning LanguagesC. The Method of Using DictionaryD. My Good Reading Habits05There was a lot of news related to artificial intelligence, or AI, and machine learning. Among the stories were two dealing with direct competitions between humans and machines.In one competition, machines that used AI performed better than human beings in a high-level reading test. Two natural language processing tools beat human in the experiment. One of the tools was built by the American technology company Microsoft. The other was created by Chinese online seller Alibaba Group.In another competition, a computer took on humans in live, public debates.The event demonstrated how AI-powered computers are increasingly being developed to think ' and sound like humans. The organizer of the debates, U. S. technology company IBM, announced split results. It said a majority of those watching said they felt the machine had done more to improve their knowledge of the subject. But, the human got more praise for communicating their ideas.This year, we also explored the many ways AI and machine learning are now being used. For example, some U. S. judges use machine learning systems to help them decide when, and for how long, criminals should be jailed. The system uses computers to examine data from thousands of court cases.One fast-growing area of AI is facial recognition, which is increasingly being used for security purposes. Recently, Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson airport became the first in the U. s. to permit passengers to use facial recognition technology to get on flights. A Chinese company showed off an AI system it developed to recognize individuals by body shape and walking movements. The system is already being used by Chinese police in Beijing and Shanghai.In addition, machine learning was used during 2018 to predict results of the World Cup soccer competition. The technology also created artwork that sold for a large amount of money. And it is being used to help farmer save time and money, while reducing environment-harming chemicals. Other technology systems are being used to follow farm animals and wildlife to collect information on their activities.16. Why were the two competitions mentioned in the passage?A. To show how much better AI and machine learning are than humans.B. To prove AI and machine Learning got more praise for communication.C. To show how powerful AI and machine Learning are.D. To prove AI and machine learning have been used in the work of U. S. judges.17. What are facial and body recognition systems used for in the passage?A. Knowledge learning.B. Safety control.C. Office automation.D. Tracking survey.18. What can we infer from this passage?A. AI has been widely used in every person's daily life.B. Human can be replaced by AI in future completely.C. More attention is being paid to AI in every part of the world.D. More advanced Al is helping people in more and more areas.19. Where is the text probably from?A. A technology report.B. A natural science magazine.C. A science fiction.D. A government document.06Solar energy systems/power plants do not produce air pollution, water pollution, or greenhouse gases. Using solar energy can have a positive, indirect effect on the environment, when solar energy replaces or reduces the use of other energy sources that have larger effects on the environment.However, some poisonous materials and chemicals are used to make the photovoltaic (光电池的) cells that convert sunlight into electricity. Some solar thermal (保热的) systems use potentially hazardous liquids to transfer heat. Leaks of these materials could be harmful to the environment. U. S. environmental laws regulate the use and settlement of these types of materials.As with any type of power plant, large solar power plants can affect the environment near their locations. The placement of the power plant may have long-term effects on the habitats of native plants and animals. Some solar power plant-s may require water for cleaning solar collectors and concentrators or for cooling turbine generators. Using large volumes of ground water or surface water in some dry locations may affect the ecosystems that depend on these water resources. In addition, the beam of concentrated sunlight a solar power tower creates can kill birds and insects that fly into the beam.The amount of solar energy that the earth receives each day is many times greater than the total amount of all energy that people consume each day. However, on the sur~ace of the earth, solar energy is a variable and irregular energy source. The amount of sunlight and the intensity of sunlight varies by time of day and location. Weather and climate conditions affect the availability of sunlight daily and on a seasonal basis. The type and size of a soIar energy collection and conversion system determines how much of the available solar energy we can convert into useful energy.20. Which of the following best explains "hazardous" underlined in paragraph 2?A. inexpensiveB. dangerousC. ineffectiveD. abnormal21. What influence can large solar power plants have on the locations?A. Polluting the ground water.B. Protecting the habitats of plants and animals.C. Damaging the local natural balance.D. Attracting birds and insects to the area.22. What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?A. Different areas receive different amount of solar energy.B. How to convert solar energy into useful energy.C. The relationship between solar energy collection and the sunlight.D. Some factors that influence the amount of solar energy collection.23. What does the author think of the solar energy systems?A. They are totally environment-friendly.B. They have both advantages and disadvantages.C. They should be forbidden in the future.D. They shouId be encouraged in quantities.07You’ll find it amazing to support people when you go out to eat! Just look for restaurants that hire people with disabilities，which are making the world a more inclusive place. Each bakery，café and restaurant below has a wonderful and heartwarming story.Hugs Care: McKinney，TexasRuth Thompson once had a vision to create a nonprofit café that would be run and operated primarily by adults with special needs. With hard work，a strong passion and an amazing team，Hugs Café opened its doors in 2015.“Hugs Café is now so much more than a job to our 23 teammates，which is enhancing the meaningful lives of adults with special needs through training and employment at Hugs Café. Thompson says.Vinny＆Bay’s Coffee and Eatery: Panama City，Florida“A lot of people plan their vacations around coming to this coffee shop，”says café owner Kara Rigby. Vinny ＆Bay’s Coffee and Eatery was established“so that Baylee had a place to wo rk，”Rigby adds. Baylee is Rigby’s daughter’s friend who has a disability. The coffee shop’s goal become training for individuals like Baylee. Some workers have even started at Vinny ＆Bay’ s and were able to work in a regular workplace. Rigby says that her employees” have a whole lot more abilities than disabilities. They love unconditionally，and it changes the whole environment and business.” Rigby believes that incorporating even just one or two disabled individuals into a business can change the whole atmosphere—for the better!Sugar Pl um Bakery: Virginia Beach，VirginiaHead to Sugar Plum Bakery to find a delicious carrot cake and see people with disabilities successfully working alongside none—disabled workers. Sugar Plum has been promoting the integration of adult s with developmental disabilities by providing training and employment opportunities to more than 1，000 people with disabilities since 1987.Whether they’re scooping cookies or making cupcakes，Sugar Plum’s disabled employees are the backbone of the bakery.24. What do the three restaurants have in common?A. They are established by adults with special needs.B. They are supported by charities or local government.C. The provide training and employment to disabled individuals.D. The employers and employees there are all individuals with disabilities.25. It can be known from the passage that ______________.A. Hugs Café set up in 1987 now has 23 teammatesB. Rigby founded her coffee shop to help Baylee，her daughterC. Disabled individuals are not able to work in a regular workplaceD. Sugar P1um Bakery hires both normal people and people with disabilities26. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph suggest?A. Disabled workers there are the most important part.B. The bakery get s support and strength from backbone.C. The customers are always backing the disabled workers.D. The employees have a whole lot more abilities than disabilities.08Clara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when a flight attendant asked an urgent question over the loudspeaker: “Does anyone on board know American Sign language?” She knew she needed to help.Clara，15 at the time，pressed the call button. The flight attendant came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s blind and deaf，” she said. The passenger seemed to want something，but he was traveling alone and the flight attendants couldn’t understand what he needed，according to PEOPLE magazine.Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help with her dyslexia and knew she’d be able to finger spell into the man’s palm. So she unbuckled her seat belt，walked toward the front of the plane，and knelt by the aisle seat of Tim Cook，then 64.Gently taking his hand，she signed，“How are you? Are you OK/” Cook asked for some water. When it arrived，Clara returned to her seat. She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time. On her third visit，she stopped and stayed for a while.“He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk,” Clara said. So for the next hour，that’s what they did. She talked about her family and her plans for the future (she wants to be a politician).Cook told Clara how he had gradually become blind over time and shared stories of his days as a traveling salesman. Even though he couldn’t see her，she “looked attentively at his face with such kindness，”a passenger reported.“Clara was amazing.” a flight attendant told Alaska Airlines in a blog interview. “You could tell Tim was very excited to have someone he could speak to，and she was such an angel. “Coo k’s reaction:“Best trip I’ve ever had.”Looking for ways to give back yourself? Start with this random act of kindness that can change someone’s life right now.27. The flight attendant asked an urgent question because ______________.A. the passenger was traveling aloneB. the plane was in a dangerous situationC. the passenger asked for something urgentlyD. They couldn’t communicate with the passenger28. Why did Clara talk about her plans for the future?A. Because the flight attendant asked her to do so.B. Because she needed topics to go on talking with Cook.C. Because Cook expected to understand teenagers better.D. Because she wanted to show her ambition for the future.29. Which of the following words can best describe Clara?A. Kind and caring.B. Warm-hearted and cautious.C. Generous and amazing.D. Ambitious and attentive.30. The passage is mainly written to ______________.A. tell a touching story of an amazing girlB. appeal to readers to lend a hand kindly and randomlyC. stress the great importance of American Sign LanguageD. show how considerate the flight attendant was to help Cook09What are dreams for? A handful of theories have the most influence. Sigmund Freud famously claimed that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. Despite being largely unsupported by evidence，researchers found that students in the U.S.，South Korea，and India were much more likely to accept the view. In the same study，respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more anxiety than an official warning about a terrorist attack. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions，or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories，or rehearse responses to threatening situations.Even if dreams can’t foretell the future，they seem to expose our shared fascinations. The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep cycles，of which the average person has four or five a night. A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics to be school，falling，being chased，and arriving too late for something.For all the commonalities dreams exhibit，they vary across time people who grew up watching black-and-white TV are more likely to dream in black and white—and culture. A 1958 study determined that compared with Japanese people，Americans dreamed more about being locked up，losing a loved one，finding money. Japanese people were more likely to dream about school，trying repeatedly to do something，being paralyzed with fear，or “wild，violent beasts.”If human dreams sound boring，bear in mind that even negative ones can have positive effects. In a study of students taking a French medical—school entrance exam，60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand involved a problem with the exam，such as being late or leaving an answer blank. But those who reported dreams about the exam，even bad ones，did better on it than those who di dn’t.31. What do you know about Freud’s view on dreaming?A. It will cause people more anxiety.B. It is already been proved by evidence.C. It is popular with some American and Asian students.D. It can reveal the hidden truth and predict the future.32. According to recent research，dreams may________.A. make emotions intenseB. help prepare for special situationsC. reduce our memoriesD. help us take notes33. According to paragraphs 2 and 3，which of the following is true?A. The average person has four or five sleep cycles a night.B. Canadian students aren’t worried about being late for schoo1.C. Americans usually share the same dream topics with Japanese.D. Films about wild beasts may be widely shown in America in 1958.34. If you dream that you failed the exam，____________.A. your dream will come trueB. you will be depressed with fearC. you are supposed to take it seriouslyD. it shows that you care a lot about the exam10Have you ever noticed that after about 6 months your perfectly new 1，000 dollar smartphone begins to slow down? What if I told you that it’s a sales strategy that pretty much all phone companies use to force people into buying new phones?In late 2015，when Lisa Young was in charge of iOS security and beta software testing teams，her boss revealed a dark secret to her，saying that they were using a new strategy that would purposely slow down older phones every time the phone would upgrade to the latest opera ting system. This new method would force customers to buy the latest phone model，increasing sales by 70％.She was a little disturbed to hear the news，but she just kept her head down and continued to do her job. After a while，the guilt of being involved with such a shady sales model started to weigh heavy on her. “How could a multi—billion dollar corporation continue to take advantage of the public like this?” she thought. In March of 2017，she contacted a reporter from CNN to finally leak the information concerning Apple slowing down phones.The scandal(丑闻)went viral overnight，and every media outlet in the world，in every language was talking about it，making it one of the biggest controversies in consumer electronics history. A week later，she was secretly let go after her 8 years of service. Although she was taking a huge risk going against one of the most powerful corporations in the world，she felt a sense of relief exposing them. The public deserved to know and the fear became her motivation to find a way to destroy their shady sales model.Several of her colleagues were fired with her. They quietly united，and after a year of extensive research they designed a unique product called Circa Charge that would reverse the negative effects of “software updates.” Phone companies have recently caught wind of their overnight success with CircaCharge and are trying to do everything they can to make this product illegal and ban it forever. Lisa and her team have ma de unbelievable progress in increasing battery life，battery health，and optimizing phone performance，and they will continue to develop newtechnology that will beat phone companies at their own game until they change their ways.35. What can we learn about the new method mentioned in paragraph 2?A. It is essential in the 1atest operating system.B. It benefits users in upgrading their old phone.C. It fool s customers into buying the latest model on purpose.D. It is a successful sales strategy for advertising new soft wares.36. What does the underlined phrase “kept her head down” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Lowered her head.B. Nodded to show approval.C. Pretended to know something.D. Tried not to show she knows something.37. How did Lisa Young feel after leaking the secret?A. Disturbed.B. Relieved.C. Frightened.D. Disappointed.38. From the passage，we know______________.A. it's too tough for Lisa and her team to increase battery lifeB. CircaCharge helps phone companies with software updatesC. Lisa struggles to force phone companies to change their current waysD. phone companies find it essential to ban their illegal software for updating。