高三英语一轮复习M3语法主谓一致学案设计

主谓一致（Subject- Verb Agreement）

主谓一致指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.

可分为:语法一致，内容一致，就近一致.今天着重计解语法一致的原则。

主谓关系通常受三大原则支配：语法一致原则、意义一致原则以及就近原则。

一、语法一致原则

即主语为单数，谓语用单数，主语为复数，谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:

1.单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like（象),but （除了）,except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than（而不是),including, in addition to 引导的短语,谓语动词仍用单数。

Air as well as water _________(be) matter. 空气和水都是物质.

No one except two servants___________(be) late for the dinner.

2.用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。

The poet and writer___________ (come). 那位诗人兼作家来了。（一个人）

A hammer and a saw _________ (be) useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具。（两样物）

注意：and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如:bread and butter（黄油抹面包）等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

His knife and fork __________ (be) left on the table, with his breakfast untouched.

3.不定式（短语）,动名词（短语),或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Serving the people __________ (be) my great happiness.

When we’l l go out for an outing____________ ( decide).

4.用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时,谓语动词用单数。

Every boy and every girl__________ ( like) to go swimming.

No teacher and no student __________ (be)absent from the meeting.

5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数；复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数。

Each of us __________ ( have)something to say.

6.若主语中有more than one 或many a/an,尽管从意义上看是复数,但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数

More than one student __________ (be) late.

7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数。

None of this __________ (worry ) me.

8.名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时,谓语动词必须用复数。

His clothes __________ (be) good.

但这些名词前若出现a pair of, 谓语一般用单数。A pair of glasses _________ (be) on the desk.

9.形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Nights; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

Arabian Nights _________ (be) very popular with teenagers.

10. “a +名词+and a half", “one and a half + 名词”,“the number of + 名词” 等作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。

Only one and a half apples _________ ( leave) on the table.

二、意义一致原则

“意义一致”原则是指主语和谓语在单复数意义上保持一致。也就是说，有时主语名词在语法形式上虽然是单数,却有着复数意义,其后的谓语动词便用复数,反之亦如此。

1.表示总称意义的名词，如people, police, public, cattle等作主语。

The police __________(not arrive) yet.

2. 有些集体名词family, class, group, enemy, team, club, company等作主语，若作“整体”看，谓语用单数；若视为其中的成员时用复数。

His family __________( move) to Shanghai.

His family __________(be)all fond of music.

3. who, what, which, all, more, most, some, half, none, the rest等作主语,谓语动词视情况定。Who __________(be) a doctor? Who __________(be) league members?

4. 表示时间,距离,重量,数字,金额等的复数名词作“整体”看时;表示“运算”的数词,谓语动词

用单数。

Ten years ________(be) not a long time. Six hundred dollars________(be) quite enough. 5. 以s结尾的学科名词politics, maths等及news, works, means属“形复意单”名词，另书报名，国名等复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数。

Physics__________( seem) to be difficult for me.

The United States __________(be) a developed country.

This works was built in the 1960s.

6.A number of /a variety of +f复数名词,the +形容词指“一类人”时作主语,谓语动词用复数;

the number of+复数名词,the +形容词指抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数,谓语动词视情况定。There ___________(be) a variety of toys in this shop.

The variety of goods in this shop ___________(be) rich.

三、就近原则

“就近原则”是指在有些情况下，谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语词语的单复数形式。

1. 由or, nor, either...or ;neither...nor; not only...but also; not ...but; whether...or等连接的主语,

与最近的主语保持一致。

Either you or she ___________(be) young.

Neither he or you __________( finish) the task.

2.由there ,here引起的句子，主语又不止一个，其谓语动词通常和邻近的那个词保持一致。Where________(be) your teacher and classmates?

Here _________(be) some envelopes and paper.

3. 在倒装句中, 与最后一个主语一致。

South of the city is a large stadium.

In front of the girl are some flowers.

以上三大原则，在运用过程中，往往受到语言习惯和语体、语域的制约，因此在判断主谓关系时，要在这些原则的指导下，具体分析，准确选择。

主谓一致练习

1. But I know the government ________ his invention.

A. think highly

B. speak high of

C. sing highly

D. thinks highly of

2. She is the only one among the ________ writers who ________ stories for children.

A. woman…writes

B. women…writes

C. women…write

D. woman…write

3. The professor, together with his son, _________ Lanzhou _________ Beijing.

A. have left …for

B. has left…for

C. have left …to

D. has left …to.

4. Nobody but Sam and John __________ in the laboratory.