英语五种基本句型及练习

英语简单句的五种基本句型do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )简单句：只包含一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓

语）的句子，称作简单句。

简单句的基本句型：简单句有以下5种基本句型。

1 .主语+不及物动词

例: It is raining heavily. My tooth aches.

翻译：

1. 他昨天锻炼了。

2. 这只鸭子正在游泳。

3. 这个女孩儿跳舞好。

4. 风筝在天上飞。

2 •主语+及物动词+宾语

例: They enjoy the play. I met John in the street

yesterday.

翻译：

1•他喜欢篮球比赛。

2. 他每天打电脑游戏。

3. 她正在弹吉他。

4. 他们经常放风筝。

3 .主语+系动词+表语

例: He is out. Jenny is fine. It looks like

rain soon.

翻译：

1. 他是美国人。

2.2.苹果尝起来味道很好。

3. 树变绿了。

4. 你的主意听起来不错。

4.主语+及物动词+双宾语

例: He bought her a watch. The sun gives us light.

翻译：

1. 他给我讲了个故事。

2. 他们送给我一个礼物。

3. 我爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。

4. 我同学借给我了一本字典。

注意：双宾语一个指人（即间接宾语），另一个指物（即

直接宾语）。一般间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，有时它们

也可交换位置，这是需要在间接宾语的前面加上介词to或

for 。

常见的双宾语结构：

bring sb. sth （bring sth to sb）.

give sb. sth （give sth to sb.）

hand sb. sth leave sb. sth (ha nd sth to sb.) (leave sth.to sb)

lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)

return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)

show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb )

write sb sth (write sth to sb )

buy sb sth (buy sth for sb )

动词不定式

非

词

make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb)

sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )

5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+补足语

例: He told me to clean my room. I saw her dancing. 翻译：

1. 我们老师要求我们每天读英语。

2. 他总是使我笑。

3. 我发现这部电影有趣。

非谓语动词

【非谓语动词】

构成：（to）+动词原形

｛

在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）

构成：V.-i ng

用法（主、宾、表、定）

「构成：V. -ing / V.-ed （规则变化）

一用法（表、补、定、状）

（一）动名词

一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构

成

注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：fini sh, mind, be worth, be busy, practice,

have fun, have trouble/problem （in）, spend... （in）, feel like, be used to （习惯于），give up, keep on, consider,

suggest, can't help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。

完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy ）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）

考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like ）

喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind ）

一、动词不定时的构成

不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形,有时可以不用to, 这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是not+ （to+ ）动词原形。

、动词不定式的句法功能

1.不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的

主语放在句末

其结构为：lt+be+adj. （+ for/ of sb. ）+动词不定式

女口：To learn English well is useful.It is useful to learn En glish well.

It ' important for us to protect the environment.

注意：在kind , good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。如：

It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。

It's very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。

2. 不定式作宾语

有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：

would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, pla n, expect

等。如：

Would you like to see a film this evenin g? 你今晚想去看

电影吗？

②在find, think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而

将真正的宾语放在后面。如：

I find it easy to read En glish every day.

③常见的一些不带to的动词不定式

Why not do..., Why don't you do..., had better ( not) do..., would rather do,

could/would/will you please ( not) do...

I would rather stay in the room.我宁愿待在房间里。

3. 不定式作宾语补足语

不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。女口: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, en courage 后常跟动

词不定式作宾语补足语。如：

My mother en courages me to lear n Japa nese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。

注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：

一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to )、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice )。但变被动语态

时，必须加上to。如：

My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。

4. 不定式作定语

①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。

②There is no thi ng to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。

③Beiji ng is a good place to visit.

The teacher is telling the students what to do . 老师正告诉学生们做什么。

He did n't kn ow where to go .他不知道去哪里。

例题

( )1. Tom's mother told him ________ eating too much meat.

A: stopp ing B: to stop C: stops D: stopped ( )2. We don't know ___________ it n ext. Let's go and ask Mr. Li.

A: what to do B: to do what

C: whether to do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can ____ me.

A: help B: helpi ng C: to help D: helps ( ___ )4 Drivers should n't be allowed _______________ after drinking, or they will break the law.

A: drive B: driv ing C: to drive

( )5. Water Park is a good place _______ .

A: to have fun B: have fun

C: hav ing fun D: to have a fun

( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, readi ng a book or just spe nding some time

alone. Relaxing allows you ___ t o your studies

with more en ergy.

A: return B: to return C: returni ng

( )7. Nick, would you mind ___________ those old jea ns? They look terrible.

A: not to wear B: not wear

C: weari ng not D: not weari ng ( )8. —_______ a volun teer is great.

—I thi nk so. Some of us want______ volun teers

for the London Olympics.

A: Being ；being B: To be； being

C: Being；to be D: To be； to be ( )9.—Don't forget _____ your history and politics books tomorrow morni ng.

—Than ks. I won't.

A: bring B: to bring C: bringing

()10.—What about __________ a rest?

—OK. Let's go out and have a walk.

A: to take B: takes C: tak ing

5. 不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：