瞬间动词与延续性动词[1]
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1、延续性动词：
也叫可持续性动词，表示能够延续的动作。如：learn,
work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有: for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
⑤ Mr Black死了三ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu了。
Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.
⑥小明参军半年了。
Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
延续性动词 be away (off), be out of be here , be in + 某地 be in , be a (an) + n. have be ill (asleep) be over be on learn, work , read, rain be out be up keep
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句
①.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for three years. We bought the book three years ago.
②他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days. He caught a cold three days ago.
He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.
“瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂性动词’)” 和或“终止性 动词” 1、瞬间动词：短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动
同理， “borrow sth” “借书”在办理了相关的 ‘登记’手续后就 结束了，不可能“借” 几个星期 或好几年的！ 汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。” 的意思是： “我两周前 （borrowed it），（在归还前）现在 它还在我手里（I still have it or I’m still reading it.） Right or Wrong? (Wrong) A: I have borrowed the book for two weeks. (Right) B: I have had / kept it for two weeks. (Right) C: It’s 2 weeks since I borrowed it. D: I borrowed it 2 weeks ago. (Right)
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I have kept the book since last week. I borrowed the book last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years. I became a student two years ago.
1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F) His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T) 2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F) My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)
Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习 （2）： 4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。 been dead for 5 years. A: His grandpa has B: It is 5 years since his grandpa died . C: His grandpa died 5 years ago . 5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。 been away A: You’re late. The train has for 20 minutes. B: It is 20 minutes since the train left . ago . C: The train left 20 minutes 6、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。 A: They have been/stayed in Shenzhen for over 3 years. B: It is over 3 years since they arrived in Shenzhen. got to/ reached arrived in C: They Shenzhen over 3 years ago . got to/ reached
Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习（1）
1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。 been on for 10 minutes. A: You are late. The film has B: You are late. It is ten minutes since the film . C: You are late. The film began/started 10 began/started minutes ago . 2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。 been in A: My uncle has the army for 2 years. B: It is 2 years since my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle joined the army 2 years ago. 3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。 has had A: Linda a cold for 4 to 5 days. B: It is 4 to 5 days since Linda caught a cold C: Linda caught a cold 4 or 5 days ago .
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但 不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达 “他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法： 一、用ago,使用一般过去时。
He left here three years ago. 二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句 ”
在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。 ：
3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T) 4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F) The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)
e.g.这本书我买了三个月了。
__________ this book for three months.x I have bought had √ 1.直接转化成延续性动词
buy
have
catch (get) a cold
have a cold be
keep come/go /become borrow/lend put on wear
2.转换成be+名词/介词短语 join the army be a soldier / be in the army join the Party be a Party member / be in the Party go to school be a student ／be in school e.g.他去世五年了。 arrive/come/reach be in /at +地点 stay He has died _____ for five years. x 3转换成be+形容词或副词 be over begin/start be dead finish be on leave be away fall asleep/ill be asleep/ill from(地点) close be closed open be open go out be out get up be up die
been dead
e.g.他自从1985就参军了。 He has been a soldier since 1985. He has been in the army since 1985.
初中英语中常见的有：
短暂性动词 go, leave, move arrive, come, reach join, become buy, get(得到) fall ill (asleep) finish, end begin , start begin to learn (work ,read，rain) go out get up borrow get to know die lose
It is three years since he left here. 三、用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一 般过去时从句” Three years have passed since he left here.
以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部 分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延 续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／ 介词短语等。
区分短暂性动词与持续性动词. 表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的 句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或
how long问句.
以动词go为例，go是 动词原形， goes是单 数第三人称形式， went是过去式, going 是现在分词，而gone 则是它的过去分词。
⑦我们上了8年学了。
We have been students for eight years.
⑧下课10分钟了
The class has been over for ten minutes. 9.电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour. 10. 门打开半小时了 The door has been open for half an hour.
作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词
从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”： 几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就 完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如 “Close the door”, “Open the door” 有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程” 可能稍微长一些， 但也不会很长的，如, “buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。 所以， “我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通， 但英语的表达就不能说： I have bought the watch for five years. buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for… A: I have had the watch for 5 years. B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago.
也叫可持续性动词，表示能够延续的动作。如：learn,
work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。 延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有: for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
⑤ Mr Black死了三ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu了。
Mr Black has been dead for three years. Mr Black died three years ago.
⑥小明参军半年了。
Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year. Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.
延续性动词 be away (off), be out of be here , be in + 某地 be in , be a (an) + n. have be ill (asleep) be over be on learn, work , read, rain be out be up keep
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句
①.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for three years. We bought the book three years ago.
②他感冒三天了.
He has had a cold for three days. He caught a cold three days ago.
He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.
“瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂性动词’)” 和或“终止性 动词” 1、瞬间动词：短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动
同理， “borrow sth” “借书”在办理了相关的 ‘登记’手续后就 结束了，不可能“借” 几个星期 或好几年的！ 汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。” 的意思是： “我两周前 （borrowed it），（在归还前）现在 它还在我手里（I still have it or I’m still reading it.） Right or Wrong? (Wrong) A: I have borrowed the book for two weeks. (Right) B: I have had / kept it for two weeks. (Right) C: It’s 2 weeks since I borrowed it. D: I borrowed it 2 weeks ago. (Right)
③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.
I have kept the book since last week. I borrowed the book last week.
④我成为一个学生两年多了.
I have been a student for over two years. I became a student two years ago.
1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F) His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T) 2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F) My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)
Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习 （2）： 4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。 been dead for 5 years. A: His grandpa has B: It is 5 years since his grandpa died . C: His grandpa died 5 years ago . 5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。 been away A: You’re late. The train has for 20 minutes. B: It is 20 minutes since the train left . ago . C: The train left 20 minutes 6、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。 A: They have been/stayed in Shenzhen for over 3 years. B: It is over 3 years since they arrived in Shenzhen. got to/ reached arrived in C: They Shenzhen over 3 years ago . got to/ reached
Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习（1）
1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。 been on for 10 minutes. A: You are late. The film has B: You are late. It is ten minutes since the film . C: You are late. The film began/started 10 began/started minutes ago . 2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。 been in A: My uncle has the army for 2 years. B: It is 2 years since my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle joined the army 2 years ago. 3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。 has had A: Linda a cold for 4 to 5 days. B: It is 4 to 5 days since Linda caught a cold C: Linda caught a cold 4 or 5 days ago .
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但 不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达 “他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法： 一、用ago,使用一般过去时。
He left here three years ago. 二、用“It is +一段时间＋since ＋一般过去时从句 ”
在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。 ：
3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T) 4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F) The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)
e.g.这本书我买了三个月了。
__________ this book for three months.x I have bought had √ 1.直接转化成延续性动词
buy
have
catch (get) a cold
have a cold be
keep come/go /become borrow/lend put on wear
2.转换成be+名词/介词短语 join the army be a soldier / be in the army join the Party be a Party member / be in the Party go to school be a student ／be in school e.g.他去世五年了。 arrive/come/reach be in /at +地点 stay He has died _____ for five years. x 3转换成be+形容词或副词 be over begin/start be dead finish be on leave be away fall asleep/ill be asleep/ill from(地点) close be closed open be open go out be out get up be up die
been dead
e.g.他自从1985就参军了。 He has been a soldier since 1985. He has been in the army since 1985.
初中英语中常见的有：
短暂性动词 go, leave, move arrive, come, reach join, become buy, get(得到) fall ill (asleep) finish, end begin , start begin to learn (work ,read，rain) go out get up borrow get to know die lose
It is three years since he left here. 三、用“ 一段时间＋have/ has passed + since + 一 般过去时从句” Three years have passed since he left here.
以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。 另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部 分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延 续的动词或者表状态的be+名词／形容词或副词／ 介词短语等。
区分短暂性动词与持续性动词. 表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的 句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或
how long问句.
以动词go为例，go是 动词原形， goes是单 数第三人称形式， went是过去式, going 是现在分词，而gone 则是它的过去分词。
⑦我们上了8年学了。
We have been students for eight years.
⑧下课10分钟了
The class has been over for ten minutes. 9.电影开始了一小时了 The film has been on for an hour. 10. 门打开半小时了 The door has been open for half an hour.
作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词
从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”： 几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’）就 完成了“开始—结束”的过程，如 “Close the door”, “Open the door” 有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程” 可能稍微长一些， 但也不会很长的，如, “buy sth（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。 所以， “我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通， 但英语的表达就不能说： I have bought the watch for five years. buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for… A: I have had the watch for 5 years. B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago.