通用考博英语历年真题

历年真题2000年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartⅡStructure & Written ExpressionDirections: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (25%) 1．Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to know their yearnings, their impulses, and their warts-this was effective______．A．motivation B．point of view C．characterization D．background2．The appeal to the senses known as______is especially common in poetry．A．imaginative B．imaginable C．ingenious D．imagery3．If you've got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and______with him．A．tell it B．have it out C．say it D．have it known4．There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colors and styles in men's clothing, but none of them______．A．has caught on B．has caught him out C．has caught up D．take roots5．The retired engineer plunked down＄50,000in cash for a mid-size Mercedes as a present for his wife______a purchase with money made in the stock market the week before．A．paid off B．paid through C．paid out D．paid for6．He has courage all right, but in matters requiring judgment, he has often been found sadly______．A．lack it B．absent C．in need of it D．wanting7．Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation______themselves now on the verge of losing the war．A．only found B．finding only C．only to find D．have only found8．The once separate issue of environment and development are now______linked．A．intangible B．indispensable C．inextricably D．incredibly9．The need to see that justice is done______every decision made in the courts．A．implants into B．imposes on C．impinges upon D．imprecates upon10．Two thirds of the U. S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater______the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance．A．was it not because of B．had it not been forC．were it not for D．would it not have been for11．No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything______going on in the world．A．it is B．there is C．as is D．what is12．If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle______the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected．A．on B．for C．against D．with13．Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, ______occupations for which technical training is necessary．A．so too there are B．so also there areC．so there are too D．so too are there14．It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administration to ignore requirements for______drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests．A．specific B．generic C．intricate D．acrid15．The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial wars that______Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one an other．A．pitted B．drove C．kept D．embarked16．The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest______without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association．A．is not possible B．would not be possibleC．will not be possible D．cannot be possible17．From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics______in tum evolved the politics of our modern world．A．of which B．from which C．on which D．by which18．The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel thatman______Prince Henry, the navigator, who lived in the15th century．A．was B．was called C．calling D．being19．Grant was one of a body of men who were self-reliant______, who cared hardly anything for the past but had a sharp eye for the future．A．on themselves B．on not making a faultC．to a fault D．to remain ahead20．Huntington and many of its competitors are working to make remedial instruction a commodity as______and accessible as frozen yogurt．A．ubiquitous B．rational C．necessary D．credible21．The scheme for rebuilding the city center______owing to the refusal of a Council to sanction the expenditure of the money it would have required．A．fell down B．fell off C．fell out D．fell flat22．If they think they are going to win over us by obstinately______and refusing to make the slightest concession, they are mistaken．A．holding out B．holding to C．holding over D．holding up23．The possibility that the explosion was caused by sabotage cannot be______．A．broken out B．cancelled out C．ruled out D．wiped out24．The ex-president had been______in the country to refresh his mind before he passed away．A．given to walking B．given a walkC．given for a walk D．giving a walk25．He did not relish appealing amongst his friends and______of their criticism or censure．A．running short B．running outC．running the gauntlet D．running aheadPartⅢReading ComprehensionDirections: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Passage1It was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York. First, part of a building on West140th Street, in Harlem, fell down. Beds tumbled through the air, people slid out of their apartments and onto the ground, three people died, and the Red Cross was there, helping shocked residents find temporary shelter, and food and clothing. Then it was back downtown for that evening's big fund-raiser, the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner Dance, at the Pierre. “That's why I have bad hair tonight,”said Christopher Peake, a Red Cross spokesman who had spent much of the day at the Harlem scene, in the drizzling rain. He was now in a tuxedo, and actually his hair didn't look so bad, framed by a centerpiece of tulips and jonquils, and perhaps improved by subdued lighting from eight crystal chandeliers．Definitely not having a bad-hair night was Elizabeth Dole, the wife of Senator Robert Dole and the president of the American Red Cross. President Dole has chestnut-colored Republican hair, which was softly coifed, and she was wearing a fitted burgundy velvet evening suit (“Someone made it for me! I love velvet.”she exclaimed, in her enthusiastic, Northern Carolina hostess voice) and sparkling drop earrings. Of course, she hadn't been standing in the rain in Harlem; she had just flown up on the three-o'clock shuttle from Washington. Dole is extremely pretty, with round green eyes and a full mouth and a direct personality. She tilts her head attentively when she listens. She was the recipient of the evening's award; previous award winners have included Alice Tully, Princess Yasmin Asa Khan,．．．and, most recently, Brooke Astor. Not exactly a sequence at the end of which you would expect to find Elizabeth Dole, but award givers are famous for having political instincts as well as philanthropic ones．Surrounded by the deep-blue swags and golden draperies of the ballroom were more than thirty-five dinner tables set with groupings of candles and floral centerpieces and Royal Doulton china. American Express was there. So were Bristol-Myers Squibb; Coopers＆Lybrand; the New York Times Company; Union Bank of Switzerland; Chemical Bank; New York Life;... and Price Waterhouse. The actress Arlene Dahl, with her rather red hair and her bearded husband, presided over one table. Otherwise, it was a typical, faceless, captain-of-industry fund raiser (no models! no stars!), of which there seems to be at least one every night in New York City. It was not a society night, but still the evening raised four hundred and thirty thousand dollars．26．From what we read we can infer that“it was a normal day in the life of the American Red Cross in Greater New York”means its staff______．A．deal with the fail of houses in the city every dayB．are busy helping people who suffer from disasters every dayC．work during the day and to have banquet in the evening every dayD．go to Harlem, the poorest district of New York, every day and help people there27．The fund-raiser mentioned in the passage refers to______．A．Robert DoleB．Elizabeth DoleC．the Eleventh Annual Red Cross Award Dinner DanceD．all the business companies attending the Dinner Dance28．Christopher Peake's hair didn't look so bad because______．A．he was wearing a handsome tuxedoB．he was wearing tulips on his suitC．he was seen among flowersD．he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light29．Elizabeth Dole was______．A．the president of the American Red Cross and acted at the Dinner as a North Carolina hostessB．a republican and wife of the president of the American Red CrossC．the president of the American Red Cross and its main representative at the Annual Dinner Dance D．born in North Carolina, became an air-hostess and later married Senator Robert Dole30．The presence of an actress at the Dinner made the fund raising______．A．less impersonal B．a typical fund-raising eventC．less personal D．more business-likePassage2For laymen ethnology is probably the most interesting of the biological sciences for the very reason that it concerns animals in their normal activities and therefore, if we wish, we can assess the possible dangers and advantages in our own behavioral roots. Ethnology also is interesting methodologically because it combines in new ways very scrupulous field observations with experimentation in laboratories．The field workers have had some handicaps in winning respect for themselves. For a long time they were considered as little better than amateur animal-watchers certainly not scientists, since their facts were not gained by experimental procedures: they could not conform to the hard-and-fast rule that a problem set up and solved by one scientist must be tested by other scientists, under identical conditions and reaching identical results. Of course many situations in the lives of animals simply cannot be rehearsed and controlled in this way. The fall flocking of wild free birds can't be, or the homing of animals over long distances, or even details of spontaneous family relationships. Since these never can be reproduced in a laboratory, are they then not worth knowing about?The ethnologists who choose field work have got themselves out of this impasse by greatly refining the techniques of observing. At the start of a project all the animals to be studied are live-trapped, marked individually, and released. Motion pictures, often in color, provide permanent records of their subsequent activities. Recording of the animals' voices by electrical sound equipment is considered essential, and the most meticulous notes are kept of all that occurs. With this material other biologists, far from the scene, later can verify the reports. Moreover, two field observers often go out together, checking each other's observations right there in the field．Ethnology, the word, is derived from the Greek ethos, meaning the characteristic traits or features which distinguish any particular group of people or, in biology, a group of animals such as a species. Ethnologists have the intention of studying“the whole sequence of acts which constitute an animal's behavior.”In abridged dictionaries ethnology is sometimes defined simply as“the objective study of animal behavior,”and ethnologists do emphasize their wish to eliminate myths．31．In the first sentence, the word“laymen”meansA．people who stand asideB．people who are not trained as biologistsC．people who are amateur biologistsD．people who love animals32．According to the passage, ethnology isA．a new branch of biologyB．an old Greek scienceC．a pseudo-scienceD．a science for amateurs33．“The field workers have handicaps in winning respect for themselves.”This sentence meansA．ethnologists when working in the field are handicappedB．ethnologists have problems in winning recognition as scientistsC．ethnologists are looked down upon when they work in the fieldD．ethnologists meet with lots of difficulties when doing field work34．According to the explanation of the scientific rule of experiment in the passage, “hard-and-fast”means experiment proceduresA．are difficult and quick to followB．must be carried out in a strict and quick wayC．must be followed strictly to avoid false and loose resultsD．hard and unreasonable for scientists to observe35．The meaning of the underlined words in“the details of spontaneous family relationships”can be expressed asA．natural family relationshipsB．quickly occurring family relationshipsC．animals acting like a natural familyD．animal family behavior that cannot be preplanned or controlledPassage3The single greatest shift in the history of mass-communication technology occurred in the15th century and was well described by Victor Hugo in a famous chapter of“NotreDame de Paris”. It was a cathedral. On all parts of the giant building, statuary and stone representations of every kind, combined with huge windows of stained glass, told the stories of the Bible and the saints, displayed the intricacies of Christian theology, adverted to the existence of highly unpleasant demonic winged creatures, referred diplomatically to the majesties of political power, and, in addition, by means of bells in bell towers, told time for the benefit of all of Paris and much of France. It was an awesome engine of communication．Then came the transition to something still more awesome. The new technology of mass communication was portable, could sit on your table, and was easily replicable, and yet, paradoxically, contained more information, more systematically presented, than even the largest of cathedrals. It was the printed book. Though it provided no bells and could not tell time, the over-all superiority of the new invention was unmistakable．In the last ten or twenty years, we have been undergoing a more or less equivalent shift-this time toa new life as a computer-using population. The gain in portability, capability, ease, orderliness, accuracy, reliability, and information-storage over anything achievable by pen scribbling, typewriting, and cabinet filing is recognized by all. The progress for civilization is undeniable and, plainly, irreversible. Yet, just as the book's triumph over the cathedral divided people into two groups, one of which prospered, while the other lapsed into gloom, the computer's triumph has also divided the human race．You have only to bring a computer into a room to see that some people begin at once to buzz with curiosity and excitement, sit down to conduct experiments, oh and ah at the boxes and beeps, and master the use of the computer or a new program as quickly as athletes playing a delightful new game. But how difficult it is-how grim and frightful for the other people, the defeated class, whose temperament does not naturally respond to computers. The machine whirrs and glows before them and their faces twitch. They may be splendidly educated, as measured by book-reading, yet their instincts are all wrong, and no amount of manual-studying and mouse-clicking will make them right. Computers require a sharply different set of aptitudes, and, if the aptitudes are missing, little can be done, and misery is guaranteed．Is the computer industry aware that computers have divided mankind into two new, previously unknown classes, the computer personalities and the non-computer personalities? Yes, the industry knows this. Vast sums have been expended in order to adapt the computer to the limitations of noncomputer personalities. Apple's Macintosh, with its zooming animations and pull-down menus and little pictures of and watch faces and trash cans, pointed the way. Such seductions have soothed the apprehensions of a certain number of the computer-averse. This spring, the computer industry's efforts are reaching a culmination of sons. Microsoft, Bill Gates' giant corporation, is to bring out a program package called Microsoft Bob, designed by Mr. Gates' wife, Melinda French, and intended to render computer technology available even to people who are openly terrified of computers. Bob's principle is to take the several tasks of operating a computer, rename them in a folksy style, and assign to them the images of an ideal room in an ideal home, with furniture and bookshelves, and with chummy cartoon helpers (“Friends of Bob”) to guide the computer user over the rough spots, and, in that way, simulate an atmosphere that feels nothing like computers．36．According to this passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A．It is because the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris had many bell-towers and could tell time to people that the writer regards it as an engine of mass communication．B．From cathedrals to books to computers the technology of communication has become more convenient, reliable and fast．C．Every time when a new communication means triumphed over the old, it divided mankind into two groups．D．Computer industry has been trying bard to make people accept computers．37．The printed book is more progressive than the cathedral as a communication means, because______．A．it could sit on your table and did no longer tell timeB．it was more reliable and did not tell the stories of saints and demonsC．it was small, yet contained more informationD．it did not flatter religious and political power38．The word“awesome”in the passage means______．A．frightening B．causing fear and respectC．amazingly new D．awful39．People who feel miserable with computers are those______．A．who love reading hooks and writing with a pen or a typewriterB．who possess the wrong aptitudes of disliking and fearing new thingsC．who have not been trained to use computersD．who are born with a temperament that does not respond to computers40．Melinda French designed Microsoft Bob which was to ease the misery of computer users by______．A．making users feel that they are not dealing with machinesB．making the program more convenient and cartoon-likeC．adding home pictures to the program designD．renaming the computer tasks in a folksy styleDirections: Read the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered and underlined parts. (“Paraphrase”means to explain the meaning in your own English. ) (15%)Charm is the ultimate weapon, the supreme seduction, against which there are few defenses. If you've got it, you need almost nothing else, neither money, looks, nor pedigree. (41) It is a gift-only given to give away, and the more used the more there is. It is also a climate of behavior set for perpetual summer and controlled by taste and tact．Real charm is dynamic, an enveloping spell which mysteriously enslaves the senses. It is an inner light, fed on reservoirs of benevolence which well up like a thermal spring. It is unconscious, often nothing but the wish to please, and cannot be turned on and off at will．(42) You recognize charm by the feeling you get in its presence. You know who has it. But can you get it too? Probably, you can't, because it's a quickness of spirit, an originality of touch you have to be born with. Or it's something that grows naturally out of another quality, like the simple desire to make people happy. Certainly, charm is not a question of learning tricks, like wrinkling your nose, or having a laugh in your voice, or gaily tossing your hair out of your dancing eyes. (43) Such signs, to the nervous, are ominous warnings which may well send him streaking for cover. On the other hand, there is an antenna, a built-in awareness of others, which most people have, and which care can nourish．But in a study of charm, what else does one look for? Apart from the ability to listen rarest of all human virtues and most difficult to sustain without vagueness apart from warmth, sensitivity, and the power to please, what else is there visible? (44) A generosity, I suppose, which makes no demands, a transaction which strikes no bargains, which doesn't hold itself back till you've filled up a test-card making it dear that you're worth the trouble. Charm can't withhold, but spends itself willingly on young and old alike, on the poor, the ugly, the dim, the boring, on the last fat man in the comer. (45)It reveals itself also in a sense of ease, in casual but perfect manners, and often in a physical grace which springs less from an accident of youth than from a confident serenity of mind. Any person with this is more than just a popular fellow, he is also a social healer．PartⅣCloze TestDirections:Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)One way of improving one's writing is to get into the habit of keeping a record of your observations, of storing46in a notebook or journal. You should make note on your experiences and on your47of everyday life so that they are preserved. It is sad48to be able to retrieve a lost idea that seemed brilliant when it flashed across your49, or a forgotten fact that you need to make a point in an argument or to illustrate a conclusion.The journal habit has still50value. Just51you need to record observations-he material forwriting, you need to practice putting thoughts on paper. Learning to write is more like learning to ski52 it is like studying calculus or anthropology. Practice helps you discover ways to improve. Writing down ideas for your own use forces you to examine them. Putting thoughts on paper for someone else to read 53you to evaluate not54the content what you say but also the expression55 you say it. Many raters have benefited from this habit．PartⅤProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether20mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash(□and write the correct word. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words(in bracket)immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash(□Put your answers in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 %) Examples:eg. 1. (56) The meeting begun2hours ago．Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (56) begun→beganeg. 2. (57) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up．Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (57) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3. (58) Never will I not do it againCorrection in the ANSWER SHEET: (58) not(56) “Humanism”has used to mean too many thing, to be a very satisfactory term. (57) Nevertheless, and in the lack of a better word, (58) I shall use it here to explain for the complex of attitudes which this discussion has undertaken to defend．(59) In this sense a humanist is anyone who reiects the attempt to describe or account of man wholly on the basis of physics, chemistry, and animal behavior. (60) He is anyone who believes that will, reason, and purpose are real and significant: that value and justice are aspects of a reality called good and evil and rests upon some foundation other than custom; (61) that consciousness is so far from a mere epiphenomenon that it is the most tremendous of actualities; (62) that the unmeasured, may be significant; or to sum it all up; (63) that those human realities which sometimes seem to exist only in human mind are the perceptions of the mind．(64) He is, in other words, anyone who says that there are more things in heaven and earth than those dreamed of in the positivist philosophy．(65) Originally, to be sure, the term humanist meant simply anyone who thought the study of ancient literature his chief concern. Obviously it means, as I use it, very much more. (66) But there remains nevertheless a certain connection between the aboriginal meaning and that I am attempting to give it, (67) because those whom I describe as humanists usually recognize that literature and the arts have been pretty consistently“on its side”and (68) because it is often literature that they turn to renew their faith in the whole class of truths which the modem world has so consistently tended, to dismiss as the mere figments of a wishful thinking imagination．(69) Insofar as this modern world gives less and less attention to its literary past, insofar as it dismisses that past as something outgrow and (70) to be discarded as much as the imperfect technology contemporary with it has been discarded, (71) just to that extent it facilitate the surrender of humanism to technology. (72) The literature is to be found, directly expressed or (73) more often indirectly implied, the most effective correction to the views now most prevalent among the thinking and unthinking．(74) The great imaginative writers present a picture of human nature and of human life which carries conviction and thus giving the lie to all attempts to reduce man to a mechanism. Novels and poems, and dramas are so persistently concerned with the values which relativism rejects that one might even define literature as the attempt to pass value judgments upon representations of human life. (75) More often than not those of its imaginative persons who fail to achieve power and wealth are more successful than those who do not-by standards which the imaginative writer persuades us to accept as valid．PartⅥWritingDirections: Write a short composition of about250to300words on the topic given below. (15%)Topic: What is the most urgent issue facing the world people in the21st century? State your reasons．2000年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案PartⅡStructure & Written Expression1．C2. D3. B4. A5. D6. D7. C8. C9. C10. C11. B12. B13. D14. B15. A16. B17. B18. D19. C20. A21. D22. A23. C24. A25. C PartⅢReading Comprehension26．B27. C28. D29. C30. A31. B32. A33. B34. C35. D36. A37. C 38. B39．D40. A41～45略PartⅣCloze Test46．them47. observations48. not49. mind50. another51．as52. than53. forces54. only55. howPart V Proofreading56．(has) been (used) 66．(that) which (I)57．lack→absence67．its→their58．explain→stand68．wishful→wishfully59．(account) of→ (account) for69．outgrow→outgrown60．rests→rest70．as much as→much as61．(from) being (a) 71．(extent) does (it)62．unmeasure→unmeasurable 72．The→去掉63．(in) the (human) 73．(unthinking) alike64．those→are74．giving→gives65．thought→made75．imaginative (persons) →imagined (persons)PartⅥWriting略2001年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartⅡStructure & Written ExpressionDirections: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place(s)marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(25%) 1．The university board of trustees deemed it urgent that a new provost______to replace Mr Dannison who had been diagnosed with cancer．A．be selected B．should be selected C．must he selected D．was selected2．With prices______so much, it is impossible for the company manager to stick to the original budget．A．waving B．swinging C．fluctuating D．vibrating3．Edmund likes to drive at a speed______the traffic limit. I wonder how he always manages to escape______．A．having exceeded, to be fined B．exceeded, having been finedC．to exceed, to fine D．exceeding, being fined4．All the references she has obtained for her doctoral dissertation______about twenty items．A．make up for B．add up toC．come up with D．put up with5．Professor Jeffrey's lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show______can still be improved．A．that the municipal authorities have doneB．how those the municipal authorities have doneC．how what the municipal authorities have doneD．that how the municipal authorities have done6．Most insulation devices of this kind, ______manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install．A．that are B．which is C．those are D．as are7．The English vocabulary is known for a (an) ______of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversations．A．multitude B．altitude C．latitude D．platitude 8．John Locke, the well-known18th-century English thinker, emphasized experience as the______condition for expansion of human knowledge．A．incompatible B．incredible C．indefinite D．indispensable9．The examination has been cancelled. You______all that review, after all．A．didn't need to do B．needn't doC．needn't have done D．needn't to do10．The______friend was exposed in the end to be hidden rival who had been plotting against the company's marketing in Hong Kong．A．professed B．announced C．exclaimed D．declared。