2015考研英语阅读 推理判断题考点归纳
2015考研英语一阅读真题深度解析
2015考研英语一阅读真题深度解析2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕，今年英语一考题的传统阅读部分在文章选取和选项设置方面均难于往年。
下面笔者就阅读第一篇进行深度解析。
第一篇阅读选自2014年6月4日the guardian发表的名为“Is the writing on the wall for all European royals?”的文章，就题材来说属于文教史哲类，主要内容是讨论当下欧洲君王制度所存在的问题。
文章后五道考题中三道细节题，一道推理题，一道主旨题。
其比例与往年第一篇相比，将猜词题的考查换成了主旨题，在难度上略有增加。
首先第21题是一道细节题，考查了考生对文章前两段中对于西班牙胡安·卡洛斯一世描述的细节把握，该题的解题关键在于读懂首段But之后句子的意思。
这也是我们在钻石卡vip课程中多次强调的转折处常设考题。
根据题干要求，定位到文章前两段。
而文章第一段的第二句话提到“But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.”（在最近的欧洲选举中，令人尴尬的丑闻和受欢迎的共和党，均迫使Carlos收回前言并退位）。
D选项中“stand down”是“end reign”的同义置换，且“embarrassment”与导致Carlos卸任的原因“embarrassing scandals”是相呼应的。
故D是正确答案。
A项“过去常常享有很高的公众支持”、B项“在欧洲皇室不受欢迎”、C项“缓和他与对手的关系”在原文中均未提及，属于无中生有。
第22题也是一道细节题，考查了考生对文章第三段最后一句话的理解。
这也是我们在暑期强化班课程中多次强调的因果处常设考点。
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—历史学
2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—历史学Passage 12Imagine asking a presidential candidate to sit down for a sensitivity session on gay and lesbian issues. That's exactly what we did last week in Austin, Texas. George W. Bush invited us, a dozen gay Republicans, after he'd refused to meet with a gay Republican group that had criticized him. Our meeting set an important precedent: never again will a major-party candidate be able to run for president without addressing gay and lesbian issues.Bush didn't like everything we had to say. I was struck by his lack of familiarity with the issues, as well as by his desire to learn. I described how my partner, Rob Morris, and I have been in a 17-year relationship. We both come from healthy, strong, religious families. Rob grew up in a conservative Republican family in Georgia; I come from a longtime Republican family in Wisconsin. I'm now the vice president of my Lutheran church. I wanted Governor Bush to understand that long-term, loving relationships, stable families, strong faith-based traditions and Republican voting histories are all part of the gay and lesbian community.Our stories had an impact. Bush admitted that, growing up in Texas, he had not been as open to elements of America's diverse culture. He had a narrow set of friends and a firm set of traditions. But he was surprised and dismayed to hear that people saw him as intolerant. "What have I said that sent that signal?" he asked repeatedly. We confronted him about his reported statement that if you were openly gay or lesbian you would not be considered for a job in his administration. "I never said that," he insisted, assuring us he would hire gays and lesbians who both were qualified and shared his political views.Our perspective was clearly eye-opening to him. When one of us talked about his lesbian sister and her partner adopting children, the governor acknowledged his often-stated belief that gays should not adopt. "Now you're telling me of a very loving, caring relationship," he said. "I really appreciate hearing that." We stressed that a Bush administration could not roll back any of the progress made in recent years. We talked about AIDS funding and research. Though Bush was attentive--and does show a willingness to hear all sides--I don't think we changed his positions. He still opposes gay marriage and classifying crimes against gays as hate crimes. To be honest, Bush still has a long way to go. But I think he's a lot farther along today than he was last week.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek，04/24/2000, p43注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 41. What is implied in the first paragraph?[A]A gay Republican group criticized Bush for his political views.[B]It is impossible to invite a president for discussing the gay issues.[C]No president candidate can ignore gay and lesbian issues at the present time.[D]Gay and lesbian issues are hot issues for the president.2. The author uses himself as an example to show _________.[A]what it is like in the gay and lesbian community[B]what it is like to be a gay.[C]what kind of a family the gays come from.[D]what it is like to maintain a gay relationship3. The author’s attitude toward Bush’s performance at the meeting is _________.[A]scornful[B]satisfactory[C]supporting[D]objective4. In spite of his careful listening, Bush still opposes the following behaviors except _________.[A]adopting the child[B]getting married[C]redefining hate crimes[D]employing the gays and lesbians5. The text intends to express the idea that _________.[A]the gays and lesbians long for the normal life[B]Bush has partly changed his views about the gay issues[C]there is still a long way to go to deal with the gay issues properly[D]the gays has had a successful talk with Bush答案：CABDC篇章剖析本文可以说是一篇记叙文，作者以第一人称的身份讲述了十几个共和党人同总统候选人布什的会面，并就男女同性恋问题进行了探讨和交流。
考研阅读英语一2015
考研阅读英语一2015
在2015年的考研英语一考试中，阅读理解部分的难度适中，既考察了
考生的词汇量和语法知识，也测试了他们的逻辑推理和信息整合能力。
文章选材广泛，涵盖了社会、科技、文化等多个领域，使得考生需要
具备较为全面的背景知识。
文章的首段通常会提出一个中心论点或介绍一个现象，随后的段落则
围绕这个中心展开，通过举例、对比、因果等手法，逐步深入探讨。
考生在阅读时，需要快速抓住文章的主旨，并留意作者的观点和态度。
此外，文章中可能会出现一些生僻词汇或复杂句型，考生需要利用上
下文的线索来推测词义或理解句意。
在解答阅读理解题时，考生需要注意以下几点：首先，要仔细阅读问题，明确题目要求，避免答非所问；其次，要快速定位文章中的关键
信息，这通常涉及到人名、地名、数字等具体信息；再次，要理解文
章的深层含义，包括作者的隐含意义和文章的主旨大意；最后，要注
意时间管理，合理分配阅读和答题的时间。
在2015年的考试中，阅读理解部分的题型包括细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。
细节理解题要求考生对文章中的具体
信息有准确的把握；推理判断题则需要考生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理；主旨大意题考察考生对文章整体内容的理解；词义猜测题则要求
考生根据上下文推测生词的含义。
总的来说，2015年考研英语一的阅读理解部分对考生的综合能力提出
了较高的要求。
考生在备考时，不仅要扩大词汇量、提高语法水平，
还要加强逻辑推理和信息整合的训练，以提高阅读理解的准确率和效
率。
通过系统的练习和不断的反思总结，考生可以逐步提高自己的阅读能力，为考研英语一的考试做好充分的准备。
2015年考研英语真题阅读理解Part A推断题解析
2015年考研英语真题阅读理解Part A推断题解析推理判断题一向都是考生认为难度最大的一类题型，但在历年考试中这也是出现频率非常高的一类题型，下面凯程考研的英语老师就带领大家一起解析一下这类题的命题形式和解题技巧。
(一)命题形式。
根据推理判断题的性质和出题范围，我们可以大致把这种题型分为三种类别：1.局部推理题，即考查对于文章细节内容的判断能力，如上文所说，其对应的内容可以是文章的一句话或几句话、抑或是一两个段落，是相对比较容易快速定位的推理题，题干中经常包含了以下一些词汇，如the author believes that, the author implies that, according to the author等。
例如：It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that__. (2007)The statement “it is all too monkey”(last line, paragraph 1) implies that__. (2005)2.全文推理题，这种题型一般不是考查对于全文中心思想的推理，同样也是考查对细节的推理，只不过是这些细节散布在文章的各个角落，需要考生进行全面的归纳。
例如：The text suggests that immigrants now in the US__. (2006)It can be inferred from the text that public services__. (2002)3.判断题，这种题型是细节题和推理题的综合，一般的问法为which of the following is true，或者Which of the following is not true等，即正向判断和反向判断两种方式，要求考生找到符合原文信息的选项，而且四个选项所涉及的内容可能分布在文章各个段落，需要考生迅速定位并进行推理判断。
2015年考研英语真题及解析
2015年考研英语一真题及解析Section IDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, ―Most people do not even _(7)_their fou rth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_‖functional Kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The f indings do not simply explain people‘s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell答案：1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2015年考研英语二真题详细解析
Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol，which is it at stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.段首句提出观点：人们在家中受到的压力比工作中更大（more stressed at home than at work），第二句通过具体的实验结果描述对首句进行道理论证（cortisol浓度在家中比在工作中更高）。
从考点设置来说，本段首句+第二句构成观点+例证的结构，可以对首句的观点进行正确选项的设置。
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers”. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for non-parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.本段首句提出与传统观点相反的内容：女性在工作中经历的压力更小。
2015年考研英语真题及解析
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2014年7月15日International Business Times上一篇题为“DNA of Friendship: Study Finds We are Genetically Linked to Our Friends”（DNA友谊：研究发现我们在基因上和我们的朋友有着千丝万缕的联系）的文章。
首段通过一项研究结果引出朋友之间有一定的基因关联；第二段对研究的受试者进行说明；第三段中遗传学家认为朋友之间共享的1%的基因很重要；第四五段指出研究的两项发现；最后研究者发现相似基因发展更快，但人们喜欢与同族人交友还未能做出解释。
二、试题解析1.[A] when 何时[B] why 为什么[C] how 如何[D] what 什么【答案】D【考点】从句辨析【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
根据句子结构和选项的特点，可以判断出空格处应填从属连词引导表语从句；再根据句子的内容，可以看出该从句是一项研究的相关内容，不是指研究的时间（when），原因（why）和方式（how），表示具体内容的表语从句用what引导，因此，该题的答案为what。
2.[A] defended 保卫，防守[B] concluded 推断，下结论[C] withdrawn 撤退，收回[D] advised 建议，劝告【答案】B【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】从此题所在句子的前后内容可以判断出，that is_______ 中的that是指第一句话的内容（朋友与我们基因上的相关性），很显然是研究得出的结论。
因此，答案为concluded。
3.[A] for为了[B] with和[C] on在…之上，关于，对于[D] by方式【答案】C【考点】上下文语义衔接+介词辨析【解析】根据空格所在句子的内容（研究对1932位独特的受试者进行分析）判断出进行分析的对象是1932 unique subjects。
2015考研英语一阅读理解真题详解
2015考研英语一阅读理解真题详解随着考生们忐忑不安的心情，2015考研英语已在今天下午落下帷幕。
考生们应该是带着一种轻松的心情走出考场的。
因为今年英语一的传统阅读部分与往年相比，难度持平，没有明显的起伏。
下面笔者就阅读理解第四篇进行深度解析。
第四篇阅读理解选自2014年6月29日The Observer（《观察家》）发表的名为“As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life”的文章，属于社会生活类题材的文章。
作者通过对手机黑客案件的审理，分析了目前由此造成的道德丧失问题普遍存在的原因，尤其是在新闻产业中。
这篇文章五道考题难度相对较大，其中有三道推理题，一道细节题，还有一道观点例证题。
虽然题目的设置有所难度，但是解题方法却离不开海文老师一直提倡的宏观阅读法。
只要抓住了这篇文章的主线，以及作者的态度，那么这五道题也就不那么难了。
首先，第一段作者通过引用Elizabeth的话，指出目前存在的正值感丧失是让人很沮丧的。
接着从第二段开始，就过渡到了新闻业中。
很多记者涉及到非法的手机黑客案中；然后第三段和第四段明确指出，对于这种案件审理过程中的问题使得道德丧失依然存在。
最后第五段和第六段深化主题，表现出作者的态度，认为现在普遍存在的社会分类机制只看重利益，而忽略了公平正义，并再次通过记者的行为进行佐证。
36题是一个细节题。
可以直接定位到第一段第一句话，Elizabeth认为让人烦心的（unsettling）的是dearth of integrity（正值感的丧失）。
第二句话，进一步指出正值感的丧失（integrity had collapsed）是由于目前人们广泛认同的社会分类机制（sorting mechanism）。
结合这两句话，不难得出答案为A (the consequences of the current sorting mechanism)。
2015年考研英语一阅读理解真题详解
2015年考研英语一阅读理解真题详解2015年这篇阅读文章的选择依然延续了考研英语选材的一贯做法，选自2014年6月4日《卫报》上一篇名为Is the writing on the wall for all European royals?（所有欧洲皇室注定要失败吗？）的文章。
主要讨论了西班牙胡安·卡洛斯国王退位这一事件对欧洲诸多皇室的影响，尤其是对英国皇室的影响。
总体来说，作为今年阅读题型的第一篇，文章在内容上难度稍大，尤其是里面涉及到了一些人名、地名的专有名词以及非常地道的英式习语表达等等。
但是，如果纯就题目来说的话，难度倒不是很大，答案的出处也比较容易找到。
接下来就文章具体的题目来进行深入的解析。
21、According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carl of Spain[A] used to enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] ended his reign in embarrassment[D] cased his relationship with his rivals答案：[C] ended his reign in embarrassment解析：题目中明确提到答案的范围是在前面两段，而关键词又是King Juan Carl of Spain，那么根据关键词可以主要定位到第一段。
在第一段中，对于King Juan Carl of Spain 这个人的主要描述就是King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.根据题目所给的四个选项，可以发现C项ended his reign in embarrassment（在窘迫中结束了他的统治）正好讲的就是第二句话的内容：But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.（但是令人窘迫的丑闻以及在最近欧洲选举中所呈现的共和制的盛行都迫使他食言而退位。
2015考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案解析四
If you intend usinghumor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify sharedexperiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience andshould help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand theirsituation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom youare addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupof managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment ontheir disorganized bosses。
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention,of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view ofdoctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. Hesees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line forlunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, whorushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table byhimself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came thereply,“but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor。
2015考研英语真题讲解
2015考研英语真题讲解一、阅读理解In today's world of globalized business, the ability to understand and connect with people from different cultures is more important than ever. This cultural intelligence ― the ability to work effectively in culturally diverse situations ― is a key facto r in the success of individuals and organizations. In order to develop cultural intelligence, individuals need to possess certain qualities and demonstrate specific behaviors.Firstly, one of the most important qualities for developing cultural intelligence is open-mindedness. People with open minds are willing to experience and learn about new cultures without judgment or prejudice. They are curious and eager to understand different perspectives and ways of doing things.Secondly, individuals with cultural intelligence are adaptable. They are able to adjust their behavior and communication style to fit the cultural norms of the people they are interacting with. Adaptable individuals are flexible and can easily navigate unfamiliar cultural settings.Thirdly, cultural intelligence requires strong interpersonal skills. Individuals with cultural intelligence are able to establish and maintain relationships with people from different cultures. They are good listeners, empathetic, and skilled at resolving conflicts that may arise due to cultural differences.Lastly, individuals with cultural intelligence are knowledgeable about different cultures. They invest time and effort into learning about thehistory, customs, and social norms of different cultures. This knowledge allows them to understand and appreciate the values and beliefs of people from different backgrounds.In conclusion, developing cultural intelligence is essential for success in today's globalized world. Open-mindedness, adaptability, interpersonal skills, and cultural knowledge are all qualities and behaviors that contribute to cultural intelligence. By cultivating these qualities and demonstrating these behaviors, individuals can enhance their ability to connect with people from different cultures and effectively navigate culturally diverse situations.二、翻译在全球化业务的今天，理解和与来自不同文化背景的人建立联系的能力比以往任何时候都更加重要。
2015年研究生考试考研英语一真题试题分析
2015年研究生考试考研英语一真题试题分析2015考研英语一真题总体介绍：较2014年考研英语一真题来说，2015年整体难度持平，整体的感觉就是看似简单的词汇却是理解原文信息的关键。
话题涉及人际关系类、政治类、科技信息类、人文类等。
阅读第二篇文章涉及隐私话题，手机信息是否可以被保护。
2007年text 4是也涉及隐私的话题，主要讨论的是数据泄露问题。
阅读第三篇是关于报刊杂志的发展。
阅读第四篇是关于新闻评论的文章。
而本次阅读涉及的相关话题，我们在以前的真题中也出现了类似的话题。
比如2014年text 3、2010年text 1都是关于报刊新闻类话题的文章。
作文部分出现了和2009年的真题作文同类的话题，都是交流类的，强调人们在享受现代科技带来的便利的同时，不能忽视现实交流的重要性。
在此，考研1号老师提醒广大考生，注重基础，重视真题，亲动笔，常练习，这样才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。
完型原文标题：DNA of Friendship: Study Finds We are Genetically Linked to Our Friends （DNA友谊：研究发现我们在基因上和我们的朋友有着千丝万缕的联系）。
作者：Jayalakshmi K时间：July 15, 2014外刊：外文网站Givology小结：此网站是由沃顿商学院的一群学生建立的，旨在为发展中国家的奖学金和教育项目募集资金。
主要受益群体是需要资助的大学生，所以在大学生群体颇受欢迎，也是广大大学生群里非常喜爱的一个交流的网站。
命题人员选取这类型网站的题源，是真正在测试大家日常所学习的知识。
此次选题告诉我们要在日常学习英语中，不能仅仅局限于最熟悉的那些期刊，要和世界接轨，让语言真正实现无国界的交流与思想沟通。
解题关键：1. 语法题。
答案为what2. 前后信息判断。
答案为concluded3. 固定表达。
conduct analysis on...4. 定语从句限定关系。
2015考研英语(一)深度解析——阅读理解Text2
2015考研英语（一）深度解析——阅读理解Text2阅读理解第二篇文章是关于个人隐私数据保护的问题，文章的内容与时俱进，但是题目却比较简单，几乎都可以在原文中迅速找到答案。
第26题，The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to_____.(最高法院需要裁决在逮捕过程中什么是否合法)。
根据题目定位到第一段，中心词语是主语supreme court和形容词legitimate，第一段的第二句话就解决了这个问题The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant…(最高法院正在考虑是否允许警察在逮捕过程中没有搜查许可证而搜查嫌疑人手机内容信息)。
根据这句话可以很快排除C、D选项。
A选项具有迷惑性，search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant..错在search for(寻找手机)上，与原文不符，原文说的是search the contents of a mobile phone(搜查手机信息内容)。
B选项正确，其中check suspects’phone contents without being authorized…check可以替换为search。
第27题，The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of______.这个是观点态度题，需要从文中推断。
选项分别为[A] tolerance.(宽容);[B] indifference. (不关心)——可立刻排除;[C] disapproval.(不赞成);[D] cautiousness.(谨慎)。
考研英语阅读推理判断题考点总结
考研英语阅读推理判断题考点总结以下内容为大家整理考研英语阅读推理判断题常见的一些考点，请作参考：1、推理判断题的标志：infer, imply, suggest，All of thefollowing/statements.....NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT2. 应该每个选项都返回原文，找出出处考生经常会在这种题型出错，其实主要就源于一个"懒"。
推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子，而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方，考生就没有耐性一一定位。
这是一种错误的方法，考生一定要每个选项都返回原文，找到相对应的考点。
笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。
A) 正话反说这是考研的一个难点，即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。
很多考生没有真正理解文章意思，只停留在字面意思的理解，经常会选错答案。
而正话反说又可以分为以下几类：Should：应该怎样?也就意味着实际上并没有那么干，也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。
It looks/sounds like/as if：看/听上去好像，实际并不是。
如大纲样题(1997年真题第5篇)的首句"Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science。
"下划线的字面意思直译"使之听上去好像一门精确的科学"，作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。
虚拟语气：虚拟以所谓的反事实假设，即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案解析
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with — or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without a 1 on a subway.It‟s a sad reality —our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there‟s 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn‟t know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection sends the 4 : “Please don‟t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as “weird.” We fear we‟ll be 7 . We fear we‟ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to our phones. “Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been embarrassed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] little [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] code [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpreted [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home that at work. Researchers measured people‟s cortisol, which is stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn‟t measure is whether people are still doing work when they‟re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it‟s not sur prising that women are more stressed at home.But it‟s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they‟re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues — your family — have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they‟re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all ele ctronic devices. Plus, they‟re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it‟s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_______.[A] was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B] generated more stress than the workplace[C] was an ideal place for stress measurement[D] offered greater relaxation than the workplace22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Working mothers.[B] Childless husbands.[C] Childless wives.[D] Working fathers.23. The blurring of working women‟s roles refers to the fact they_______.[A] they are both bread winners and housewives[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] it is difficult for them to leave their office24. The word “moola” (Line 4, Para 4) most probably means_______.[A] energy[B] skills[C] earnings[D] nutrition25. The home front differs from the workplace in that_______.[A] home is hardly a cozier working environment[B] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students — those who do not have a parent with a college degree — lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that r ecruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis — that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact — was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first-generatio n students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the …rules of the game,‟ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don‟t talk about the class advantages and d isadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students‟ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not under stand how students …like them‟ can improve. ”26. Recruiting more first-generation students has_______.[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______.[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their findings appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first-generation students______.[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students_______.[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______.[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn‟t talk about energy; we didn‟t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented — and not by coincidence. “Let‟s not forget sports — in male-dominated corporate America, it‟s still abig deal. It‟s not explicitly conscious; it‟s the idea that I‟m a coach, and you‟re my team, and we‟re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning — and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can‟t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg‟s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you‟ll be more likely to dev ote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of officespeak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingl y absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it‟s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that‟s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, officespeak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become _______.[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to _______.[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_______.[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In _______.[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about officespeak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it.[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense.[C] Companies find it to be fundamental.[D] Regular people mock it but accept it.Text 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes,” they are classified as working part-time. They survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they _______.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs[D] haven‟t seen the weakness of the market38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US _______.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago[B] shows a general tendency of decline[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless[D] is lower than before the recession39. It can be learned that with Obamacare, _______.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance.40. The text mainly discusses _______.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance through Medicaid[D] Obamacare‟s troublePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] You are not alone[B] Don‟t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forSome Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough TimesUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won‟t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old truths I‟ve learned along the way.41._____________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42._____________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43._____________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44._____________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help andcompanionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45._____________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III Translation46. Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Think about driving a route that‟s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it‟s easy to lose concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don‟t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can‟t remember the journey well because we didn‟t pay much attention to it. So we ass ume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comment.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)答案及解析Section I Use of English1. [试题考点]语意关系+名词辨析。
2015年考研英语一真题深入解析之阅读理解
2015年考研英语一真题深入解析之阅读理解Text3阅读理解的第三篇属于非理科专业学生不太熟悉的话题——统计数据检查和同行评审，但是好在生词量不大，虽然有专有名词，也可以忽略。
难点体现在考察得比较细，同学们需要细心看才能做正确。
第31题，It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that______.（从第一段可以看出什么）。
还是问的主要内容，那么根据西方人的思维和写作习惯，主要的和重要的都在前面，因此，重点是读第一句话。
The journalScienceis adding an extra round of statistical checks to… (科学杂志在…基础上增加了另外一轮统计数据检查)。
对比答案，只有B选项journals are strengthening their statistical checks.提到了加强统计数据检查。
但是答案中说的journals,（许多期刊杂志），文中第一句是The journalScience,可能一些同学会心存疑惑，文中第二句就提到了The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,（这个做法是效仿其他杂志的做法），说明很多杂志都这样做了。
第32题，The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to _____.（文中第二段的flagged up是什么意思）。
要推断be flagged up的含义需要结合上下文，原文是Manu will beflagged upfor additional scrutiny（附加的详细审阅）by…(某团体), or by…（某些人）,or by…(某群人).句子的意思是手稿要被...或…或…进行附加的详细审阅。
表示“要”怎么样。
Be marked for字面意思为“被标记为”，其实含义就是“以…为特征，要…样”。
考研英语阅读推理判断题考点总结
考研英语阅读推理判断题考点总结以下内容为大家整理考研英语阅读推理判断题常见的一些考点，请作参考：1、推理判断题的标志：infer, imply, suggest，All of thefollowing/statements.....NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT2. 应该每个选项都返回原文，找出出处考生经常会在这种题型出错，其实主要就源于一个"懒"。
推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子，而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方，考生就没有耐性一一定位。
这是一种错误的方法，考生一定要每个选项都返回原文，找到相对应的考点。
笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。
A) 正话反说这是考研的一个难点，即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。
很多考生没有真正理解文章意思，只停留在字面意思的理解，经常会选错答案。
而正话反说又可以分为以下几类：Should：应该怎样?也就意味着实际上并没有那么干，也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。
It looks/sounds like/as if：看/听上去好像，实际并不是。
如大纲样题(1997年真题第5篇)的首句"Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes", makes it sound like a precise science。
"下划线的字面意思直译"使之听上去好像一门精确的科学"，作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。
虚拟语气：虚拟以所谓的反事实假设，即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。
2015年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文主要就当前社会存在的一个现象进行分析——为什么现在的人不与周围的陌生人交流，而只专注于手机。
第一段提出现象。
第二段指出与陌生人交流其实大有裨益，只是我们不知道。
第三段提出全文要探讨的问题。
第四段给出原因之一——害怕。
第五段承接第四段继续分析，指出我们把手机视为保护毯，避免与陌生人交谈的尴尬。
第六段用一个实验证明其实与陌生人交谈并不是那么尴尬。
第七段对实验结果进行解释，因为人类的的发展源于社会联系。
试题解析In our contemporary culture,the prospect of communicating with—or even looking at—a stranger is virtually unbearable.Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones,even without a__1__on a subway.【译文】在当代文化中，与陌生人交流，甚至看一眼陌生人，都几乎难以忍受。
我们周围的每一个人似乎都同意这点，他们玩弄着手机，即使地铁上一点儿信号都没有。
1.[A]ticket车票[B]permit许可证[C]signal信号[D]record记录【答案】C【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】空格所在句意为：陌生人之间没有交流，大家都只关注自己的手机，即使地铁里没有________。
选项中，只有C项符合上下文语义，与phones和subway有关，因此signal正确。
【命题思路】本题四个选项语义不相关，所以只需要根据上下文确定所需填入的语义即可。
【干扰排除】其余三个选项带入原文都与句意不符，故排除。
It's a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—because there's__2__to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.But you wouldn't know it,__3__into your phone.This universal protection sends the___4___:_“Please don't approach me.”【译文】这是个可悲的现实——我们希望避免与其他人交流——因为和身边的陌生人交流会带来诸多益处。
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2015考研英语阅读推理判断题考点归纳1、推理判断题的标志：infer，imply，suggest，All of the following/statements……NOT true/ correct/ mentioned EXCEPT2. 应该每个选项都返回原文，找出出处考生经常会在这种题型出错，其实主要就源于一个“懒”。
推理判断题经常四个选项是四个很长的句子，而且极有可能对应原文中截然不同的四个地方，考生就没有耐性一一定位。
这是一种错误的方法，考生一定要每个选项都返回原文，找到相对应的考点。
笔者接下来就考研经常在推理判断题中出现的考点做一个归纳总结。
A）正话反说：这是考研的一个难点，即作者实际表达的意思和你读到的字面意思是相反的。
很多考生没有真正理解文章意思，只停留在字面意思的理解，经常会选错答案。
而正话反说又可以分为以下几类：Should：应该怎样？也就意味着实际上并没有那么干，也就是作者想表达的意思和字面意思相反。
It looks/sounds like/as if：看/听上去好像，实际并不是。
如大纲样题（1997年真题第5篇）的首句“Much of the language used to describe monetary policy，such as ”steering the economy to a soft landing“ or ”a touch on the brakes“，makes it sound like a precise science.”下划线的字面意思直译“使之听上去好像一门精确的科学”，作者实际表达的意思货币政策并不是一门精确的科学。
虚拟语气：虚拟以所谓的反事实假设，即作者是既表达的意思和字面意思相反。
如1996年第五篇的末句“And so it does - and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.”本句话字面意思直译是“如果理性成为创世论和进化论这场争议的惟一评判标准，那么一切都会变得好了”，作者实际表达的意思就是理性既不是惟一评判标准，而今天情况也并不好。
让步论述：让步论述就是先假设作者观点负面成立，从而引发出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结局，倒过来再次论证作者自身观点的正确性。
因为有假设能成立的过程，事实上并不能成立，因此字面意思和实际意思依然是相反的。
如大纲样题（1997年第5篇）首段“Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen，a cracked rearview mirror and a faulty stee ring wheel.”如果把货币政策比成开汽车的话（前文论证过货币政策不能比喻成开汽车，这里就是假设其观点的负面成立），那么你就是开着一辆前挡风玻璃是黑的，后视镜是碎的，方向盘是坏的车（荒谬的不合理的结局）。
倒过来论证货币政策不能比成开汽车。
引号：引号可以起一个反语的作用。
如1996年第5篇中“”Scientific“ creationism，which is being pushed by some for ”equal time“ in the classrooms whenever the s cientific accounts of evolution are given，is based on religion，not science.”引号表征是所谓的科学，作者表达的意思就是创世论并不科学。
反问句：反问也是一种正话反说。
如2005年第2篇首段“That the evidence was inconclusive，the science uncertain？”字面意思“证据不确定，那么科学也不确定了吗？”很明显作者表达的意思是科学是certain的，而不是字面的uncertain.文化背景：在某些特定的文化背景当中，作者实际表达意思和字面意思相反。
如2001年第5篇第一段“ A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although，in the manner of a disgraced government minister，I covered my exit by claiming ”I wanted to spend more time with my family“。
”作者在这里只是借自身来反讽某些政府部长，即作者并不是政府部长，也不是想和家人共度美好时光。
B）深层次的含义：不能仅停留在字面意思理C）文章段落主旨D）全文末句E）文中带有解释性、结论性的句子F）强对比结构G）分类列举结构3. 与原文意思最接近，推理步骤最少的那一个作为正确选项4. 傻子原则：不要利用自己任何背景知识来做推理题。
有背景知识只能帮助你读懂读文章，不会帮助你做对题目。
因为即使一个选项符合常识，它也可能是一个文中未提及的信息，是错误答案。
真题示例——2004年第二篇：Over the past century，all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive：alphabetism. This，for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage，refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively；and 26 of George Bush's predecessors （including his father）had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking，six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged （Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien and Koizumi）。
The world's three top central bankers （Greenspan，Duisenberg and Hayami）are all close to the top of the alphabet，even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men （Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison and Albrecht）。
Can this merely be coincidence？One theory，dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged，is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school，teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front，to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row，and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications，because they get less individual attention，as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies，the ABCs proudly get their awards first；by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews，election ballot papers，lists of conference speakers and attendees：all tend to be drawn up alphabetically，and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.47、What can we infer from the first three paragraphs？[A] In both East and West，names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies' names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize. （文章主题为正确答案）48、The 4th paragraph suggests that[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students.[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape form class.[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students. （should为正话反说，改选项实际表达的意义就是老师没有关注所有的孩子）[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight.50、Which of the following is true according to the text？[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. （文章主题为正确答案）。