实用英语期末复习(汉语言文学)
汉语言文学专业英语词汇
汉语言文学专业词汇(英文版)FELIX2015-01-07 16:31:09文学思潮:Literature current of thought文学革命:Literature revolution古典文学:Classic literature维新运动:Reformist movement启蒙运动:Enlighten the sport价值领域:worth a realm外国文学:Foreign literature知识分子:Educated person浪漫主义:Romanticism唯美主义:Aestheticism百科全书:Cyclopeadia文艺复兴:Revival of learing发音器官:Speech organs功能名词:Function noun专有名词:Proper noun普通名词:Commen noun集合名词:Collective noun抽象名词:Abstract noun复合谓语:Compound predicate楔形文字:Arrowheaded character语法范畴:Grammatical category汉藏语系:Sino-Tibetan上层建筑:Superstructure意识形态:Ideology现代文学:Contemporary literature大众文学:Popular literature报告文学:Reportage批判主义:Criticism伊索寓言:Aesop`s Fables希腊文化:Hellenism形而上学:Metaphysis孔子学说:Confucian喜怒哀乐:Pleasure Anger Sorrow Joy发源地:Source爱美剧:Amateur修辞学:Rhetoric语音学:Phonetic助动词:Auxiliary verb感叹词:Interjection连接词:Link word逻辑词:Logical word里程碑:Milestone拉丁语:Latin田园诗:Idyl无名氏:Annymous person真善美:Truth Goodness Beauty英语分类词汇:文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节Appendix 1 A Glossary of Linguistic TermsAabbreviation []n. 缩写.缩写词.略语ablative []n.夺格 a.夺格的absolute []a.独立的.独立成分absolute clause 独立从句abstract nouns 抽象名词accent []n.口音.重音.(诗歌中词或音节的)重读accidence []n.1.词形变化.字形变化 2. (学科的)初步.入门accommodation []n.调适.接纳accusative []a.直接宾格的n.直接宾格(受格)acoustic []a.听觉的.音响的.声学的(---feature/cue声学特征)acquisition []n.获得.习得acronym []n.首字母缩略字.缩略词active []n.主动语态actor []n.动作者.行动者(actor—action—goal)addition []n. 加.附加.添加address []n. 称呼(forms/terms of address 称呼语)addressee []n. 受话人,收信人,收件人addresser []n. 发话人,发言人,发信人.adjacency pair 相邻语对adjective []n.形容词 a.形容词的adjunct []n.附加语.修饰语.修饰成分adnominal []a.(定语)修饰名词的.形容词的.形容名词的adverb []n. 副词;状语adverbial []a. 副词的,作副词用的adversative []a.反意的.相反的n.反义字(转折语) affirmative []n.肯定词.肯定语affix []n1.附加物.添加物 2.字缀.词缀(affix hopping 词缀跳跃) affixation[]n. 附加.附加法.词缀附加法affricate []n.塞擦音agent (agentive) 施事agreement []n. (人称.性别.数.格的)一致airstream []n.气流alliteration []n.头韵(法)allomorph []n.同质异形体.词.语素变体allophone []n.同位音.音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体alveolar []n. 齿龈音,齿槽音.alveolar ridge 齿龈ambiguity []n.含混,歧义ambiguous歧义的anacoluthon []n.改变说法.错格.句法结构前后不一anadiplosis []n.反复法.顶真analogical []a.类似的.类推的analogical creation 类推造字anapaest []n.抑抑扬格.弱弱强格.短短长格anaphora []n. 复指.首语(句)重复法annotation []n. 注解.注释antecedent []n. (关系代词的)先行词antithesis []n. 1. 对立面;对立 2. (修辞学)对语,对偶,对句antonomasia []n. 代称,称呼替换antonym []n. 反义词,反义现象aphorism []n.格言.警句.箴言aposiopesis []n.话语中断,说话中断法apostrophe []n. 1.呼语 2.撇号 3.省略符号 4.所有格符号appellative []a.1.名称的 2.通称的n.通称名词.普通名词apposition []n. 1.同位语 2.并置appropriateness []n. 得体.适合.适当.相称arbitrariness []n. 任意性archaism []n.古体,拟古,古语argot []n.行语,暗语,黑话article []n.冠词articulation []n. (清楚的)发音.发出的(辅)音.发音动作articulator []n. 1.发音清楚的人或物 2.发音器官articulatory []a.发音清晰的.与发音有关的aside 旁白,私语,离题话aspect []n. (动词的) 体. 时态. 时间aspirated []a.伴有h音的.送气音的.吐气.送气assimilation []n.同化aureate []a.绚丽的(-- diction,绚丽辞令– style绚丽体)assonance []n. 1. 谐音 2. (诗的)准押韵.半谐音attributive []a. 1.归属的.属性的 2.定语的n.定语auxiliary []a. 辅助的.附属的.从属的n.助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bback-formation 逆构词法base form 基础形式base component 基础部分basic form 基本形式behaver 行为者behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial []a.双唇音的n. 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral []a.双边的.双边音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism [] n.双语现象binary []a. 二元的.由二部分构成的(-- feature 二分特征) binomial []a. 二项式的n.二项式blade []n.舌叶.舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗bleaching []n.词义淡化blending []n.混合.混成法.裁切block language 块语、标题式语言(有限语境中使用缩略结构如No smoking) borrow(ing) 借用.借词bound clause粘附句bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 界限理论bracketing 括号法broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Ccalque []n.语义转借.译借vt.转借(语义).仿造语cardinal[]n基数词cardinal vowel 基本元音category []n范畴(categorical component 范畴成分)causative []a.使役的n.使役动词cavity []n.腔clause 小句.从句click 吸气音.咂音clipping []n.缩略closure []n.关闭.闭塞cluster []辅音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda []n.节尾.韵尾code 语码.信码cognate []n.同源词.同根词.同系语言cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 连贯.相关.关联cohension 衔接collapse [] 叠合collective []n.集合名词colligation []n. 概括.搭连collocation []n.组合.搭配command []命令(句)commissive 承诺语common普通的.共同的(--- core 共核)(--- noun 普通名词)comparative [] a比较的.比较级的competence []n.语言能力complement(ation) 补语complementary互补.相反component 组成部分,成分componential 组成部分的composition 组构compound(ing) 复合;复合词(句)conative []a. 意动的concord []n. 协调.一致(关系)conditional []n.条件句.条件语congruence []n.重合conjugate []vt.列举(动词)的词形变化conjunct []a. 连接副词conjunction []n.连词.连接词connotation []n.含蓄.言外之意【逻】内涵consonant[]n.辅音.辅音字母 a.辅音的constative []a. 陈述的.表述的constituent []n.成分.结构成分construction (construct) 构建content (ive) 内容.实义(词)contrast(ive) 对立.对比convention(al) 常规;规约conversation 会话conversationalconversion 类转.变换coordinate /coordination/coordiative 并列copula []n.系词copulative []a.连系的.作系词的n.系词co-referential(ity) 同指coronal []n.舌冠(音).舌尖音corpus []n. 1.文集.全2..躯体(尤指尸体) 3.语料语料库.素材corpora[] (corpus的复数)correlative []a.相关的n.关联词count [] 可数的,countable/uncontable 可/不可数名词couplet []n. 对句.双韵covert []隐性的Ddactyl []n. (英诗的)扬抑抑格.长短短格dative []a.与格的n.与格.与格语dative movement 与格移动declarative []a. 1. 宣言的.布告的.申报的.陈述的 2.陈述的decode []vt. 译解(密码)deductive []a. 推论的.演绎的defeasibility 消除可行性definite []a.1. 明确的.确切的 2. 一定的.肯定的 3. 限定的deictic []a. 直证的.直指的(deixis)denotation []n. 1. 意义.本义2. 表示3. 名称.符号dental []a. 齿音的n.齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation []n.诱导.来历.起源调查.语言derivational []a.诱导的. 衍生的;引出的determiner []n.限定词deviant []a. 越轨的n.不正常者.变异物.变体deviation 偏离;变异devoice []vt.使(有声之音)变为无声之音devoicing 清音化diachronic []a.历时的diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diacritic []a.有区别的.能区分的.辨别的n.区别发音符号dialect []n. 方言.土话dialectology 方言学diphthong []n.双元音.复合元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech直接言语discourse []n.语段.语篇;话语discrete []a. 1. 分离的.不连接的 2.抽象的disjunction []n. 分离.分裂displacement []n.移位.置换.取代dissimilation []n. 1. 异化 2.异化作用 3.异化distinguish []vt.区别.识别把...区别分类distinguisher 辩义成分domain []n. 领域.范围dorsal []a.背部的.背侧的舌背音.舌中音dorsum []n.背.背状部分.舌面(舌尖以后之部分)dual []n. 1. 双数 2. 双数词dualistic []a. 二元的.二元论的duality 二重性Eejective []a. 喷出的.外射的n.外爆音ellipsis []n.省略.省略部分elliptic(al) []a. 1. 椭圆的 2.省略的encode []vt. 1. 把...译成电码(或密码)endocentric []a.向心的.内向的epenthesis []n.增音.插入字母epithet []n. 1. 表示特征的修饰词 2. (描述性的)称号equipollent []a.相等的n. 相等物equivalence 相等equivoque []n. 双关语.模棱两可的词句.语义双关euphemism []n.. 婉转说法.委婉(词)语euphony []n. 声音的和谐.谐音.悦耳语音exocentric []a. 外心的exocentric construction 外向结构extensive []引申的;扩展的Ffeasibility []n.可行性.可能性feature []n. 特征.特色felicity []n. 1. 幸福 2. (措辞等的)得体.巧妙.恰当的语句feminine []a.阴性的figurative []a. 1. 比喻的.象征的 2. (文章等)多比喻的figurative language 比喻性语言;象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段;修辞格finite []a. 1. 有限的 2.有穷的 3.限定的n. 有限.有限之物flap [] 闪音flexibility []n. 易曲性.适应性.灵活性.弹性fricative []a. 摩擦的n. 摩擦音friction 摩擦function 功能fusion []n.溶合fuzzy []a. 1. 有绒毛的 2. 模糊不清的Ggender []n. 1.【语】性 2.性别gender difference 性别差异generalization []n. 普遍化.概括.综合.归纳generative []a.生殖的.有生产力的generative grammar 生成语法genitive []a.属格的n.属格global []a. 1. 球状的 2. 全世界的 3. 总体的global task 整体任务glottal []a. 1.声门的 2. 用声门发声的.喉音glottal stop 喉塞音gradable []a. (形容词)有比较级和最高级的grammar []n. 语法grammatical []a. 语法的group []n.群.组.类词组guttural []a.喉咙的.喉音的n. 喉音.喉音字腭音Hhead []n.中心词;中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter []n.七音步 a. 七音步的hierarchical []a.等级制度的.等级体系的hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy []n.等级制度.统治集团.级系.阶系holophrastic []a.表句词的.单词句的holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym []n.同音异义字.同形同音异义字.同形异义字homophony []n. 同音异义hyperbole []n. 1.修辞的夸张法 2.夸张的语句hypercorrection []n.矫枉过正hyponym []n.下位的名称.下义词hypothesis []n.假说. 前提.假设Iiamb []n.抑扬格.短长格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行idiom []n1. 惯用语.成语.习惯语 2. 方言.土话.(个人特有)用语ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary []a.发语词内的.语内表现行为的illocutionary act 话中行为;施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用;施为作用immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative []a.祈使法的.祈使语气.命令的implicate []vt.意味着.暗指n. 包含的事物.暗含的论断implication 蕴涵;含义implosive []a.闭塞音的n.内爆发音inanimate []a.无生命的indefinite []a.不定的.未定的indicative []a.陈述的n.陈述语气.陈述语气的动词形式inference []n. 推论.推断[inferential []a. 推理的.推论的infinitive []n.不定式 a.不定式的infix []n. 插入词.中缀inflection []n. 1. 变音.转调 2. 弯曲.向内弯曲innateness []n. 天生.天赋intensifier []n. 1. 增强器.增强剂 2. 加强者 3.强调成分intensive []a. 加强的.密集的.加强语意的n.强调成分interdental []a. 在牙齿间的 2.齿间音的n.齿间音interface []n. 界面.分界面interjection []n. 感叹词.感叹语interlanguage []n. 国际语言Interlingua []n.人工国际语之一interlocutor []n. 对话者internal []a. 内的.内部的international phonetic alphabet. IPA 国际音标interpersonal []a. 人与人之间的interpersonal function 人际功能interrogative []a. 疑问的.质问的n.疑问词intonation []n. 语调.声调intransitive []a.不及物的n.不及物动词intrinsic []a.本身的.本质的.固有的.内在的invariable []a. 不变的.恒定的.一律的inversion []n.反向.倒置.倒转 2.倒装法IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号J K Ljargon []n.黑话;行语kernel []n.核心.要点keyword关键词label []n. 标记.符号. 称号.绰号labial []a. 唇的.唇音的n. 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language []n.语言larynx []n.喉lateral []a.旁流音的.侧音的lateral sounds侧音lax []a. (元音)松弛的n.松弛的元音lax vowel 松元音letter []n字母level []n. 层,级,平面lexeme []n. 词汇.语汇单位.词位;词素lexical []a. 1. 词汇的.语词的 2. 词典的.词典编纂的lexicon []n. 1. 词典 2. 语汇 3. 词素lexis []n. (某一语言的)词语(层)liaison [] 连音linear []a. 线的.直线的linguistic []a.. 语言的.语言学的lip rounding 圆唇化literal []a. 照字面的.原义的loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词Mmacro []a. 1. 巨大的.大量的 2. 宏观的.main clause 主句manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine []a. 1. 男性的.男子的2阳性的maxim []n. 格言.箴言.座右铭manner maxim 方式准则meaning 意义meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移mental (processs) 思维过程;心理过程mentalism []n.心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis []n. 1.音位转换 2.交换反应.置换metonymy []n.转喻metre []n.格律.韵律.拍子metrical patterning 韵律格式9.3.3mind 思维minimal []a.最小的.极微的n.极简抽象派艺术(或其作品) mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal []a. 1.形态上的.形式的 2.语气的.情态的 3.典型的modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality []n. 1. 形式.情态程序 3.物理疗法 4. 主要的感觉modification []n.修饰.变异modifier []n.1. 修改者 2. 修饰词语 3.修饰基因 4.改性剂monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的mood 语气morpheme []n.语素.词素(语言中最小的字义单位)morphemic []a.词素的.语素的morphological []a.形态学的.形态的morphology []n.形态学morphophonemics []n词素音位结构 2. 词素音位学mother tongue 母语;本族语motivation 动因;动机multilingualism 多语制;多语现象Nnasal []a.1. 鼻的2. 鼻音的n.. 鼻音.鼻音字母nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化negation []n. 1. 否定 2. 反对.反驳 3. 不存在 4. 对立面negative []a.否定的.否认的. 反面的.消极的n.否定语negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neutralize []vt. 1. 使无效.抵消2. 使中立化neutralizable opposition 可中立对立node []n. 1. 结.节2. 中心点.交叉点nominal []a.名词性的n. 名词性的词nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative []a.主格的n.主格.主格词non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞octametre 八音步诗行onomatopoeia []n. 1.拟声.象声词 2.拟声法onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography []n.1. 正字法.拼字法 2. (几何)正射影(法) ostensive communication 直示交际overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalate []n. 1.上颚 2. 味觉 3. 趣味.嗜好palatal []a.上颚(音)的.颚(音)的n. 上颚音.颚音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization []n.腭音化paradigm []n.1.范例 2. (名词或动词)词形变化(表) paradigmatic []a.1.范例的 2.词形变化(表)的paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase []n. 1. 释义.意译.改述vt. vi.. 释义.意译participant 参与者particle []n.虚词(包括某些副词.冠词.介词.连词等).字首.字尾partitive []a. 1. 区分的 2.表示部分的n.表示部分的词passive []n.被动语态被动态的动词pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak (节)峰perceptual []a.感知的.知觉的perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performative (verb) 行事性动词person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal []a.1.咽部的 2.喉音的n.喉音pharynx []n.咽头phatic []a. 交流感情的.应酬的phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈;phoneme []n.音素.音位phonetic []a. 1.语音的.语音学的 2. 语音差异的phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音(法)phonetics []n. (用作单)语音学phonologic []a.音位学的.语音体系的phonological process 音位过程phonology []n. 音位学.语音体系phrase []n. 短语.词组pidgin []n.1. (并用两种或多种语言的)混杂语.洋泾浜语 2.事儿plosion []n】爆破发音.爆破plosive []n.a.破裂音(的)plural []a.复数的pluralism []n.1.兼职.兼任 2.多重性.多元论plurality []n.1. 复数.多数.多重性 2.复数(形式) polysyllabic []a. 多音节的Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive []a.1.拥有的.占有的 2.所属关系的.所有格的postdeterminer 后限定词pragmatic []a.1. 实际的.实干的 2. 实用主义的pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate []n..谓语.述部 a.谓语的.述部的prefix []n.字首.前缀(人名前的)称谓premodifier 前修饰语preposition []n.1.介词.前置词prepositional []a.. 介词的.前置词的prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive []a. 规定的.因时效而获得的presupposition []n.预想.假定.前提primary []a. 首要的.主要的priva principle []n. 原则.原理process 过程pro-form 代词形式;替代形式pronominal []a. 代词的pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典proposition 命题prosodic []a. 作诗法的.韵律学的psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法pulmonic []a. 肺病的pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话Qquality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantity 数量.quantity maxim 数量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quatrain []n. 四行诗quirk []n.1. 突然的转变 2. 字的花体 3. 怪癖 4. 借口Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义realisation 体现received pronunciation. RP 标准发音receiver 受话者;信息接受者recency effectrecognition 识别recursion []n.【数】递回.递回式.循环.可溯recursive []a.】递归的.可溯的;还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential []a.1 指示的所指的reflexive []n..反身动词.反身代词 a.反身的regional dialect 地域方言register []n.语域regressive []a.1.后退的.逆行的.退化的 2. 回归的relative clause 关系分句.关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复residue []n.残余.剩余.剩余成分restricted []a. 受限制的.被限定的restricted language 限制性语言retrieval []n.1. 取回.恢复 2. 纠正.补偿检索retroflex []a.1. 反折的.后翻的 2. 卷舌(音)的n. 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨rhyme 韵;韵角;压韵rhythm 韵律;节奏role 角色root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit []n. 梵文.梵语 a. 梵文的.梵语的Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema []n.1. 轮廓.概要.略图2.先验图式 3.图式second language acquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment []n.语流中的一个音素(或单个音)selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic []a.. 语义的.语义学的semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic []a.1.符号学的 2.症状的semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant []a.1.丝丝作响的 2.发丝音的n.1.丝丝音 2.发丝音辅音sign 符号signified 所指.受指signifier 能指.施指simile []n. (修辞)直喻.明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数slot 空缺soft palate 软腭sonnet 十四行诗sonorant []n..响音sonority []n.1. 响亮 2. (声音的)响亮程度sound 语音Spanish 西班牙语Speaker 说话者speech 言语spelling 拼写.拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language 口语spondee []n.扬扬格spoonerism []n.斯本内现象(即字音的无意互换现象) Standard English 标准英语standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stratification []n.成层.阶层的形成stress 重音structure 结构stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjectivity 主观性subjunctive []a.虚拟的n.虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征syllabic []a.1. 音节的.构成音节的n.音节主音syllabification []n.1. (语音)分音节 2. 分音节法syllable []n. 音节syllabus []n. 教学大纲.课程大纲 2.要目syllogism []n.1.三段论.演绎推理 2.推断 3.诡辩.狡辩symbol 符号synchronic []a. 同时的.共时的synonym []n. 同义字.类义字(分类学中的)同物异名synonymous []a. 同义的.同义词性质的synonymy []n. 同义.同义词研究syntax []n.语法.句法 2. (组成部分的)有条理(或系统)的排列syntactic []a. 按照句法的.句法的Ttacit []a1. 缄默的.不说话的 2. 不明言的.默示的tacit knowledge 默契的知识tagmeme []n.法位.序位tagmemics 法位学tautology []n. 同义反复.重复.赘述template []n. 模块tense vowel 紧元音tense 时态tetrameter []n. 四音步诗行text 语篇textual 语篇功能theme []n. 1.论题.话题.题目 2.主题.主题思想.题材 3.词干.主位tone 声调.音调tongue height 舌高tongue position 舌位tongue tip 舌尖topic 主题trace theory 轨迹论transcription []n. 1.抄写.誊写 2.副本音标.标音transfer 移转transformation 转换transitivity []n.动词的及物性trill []n.颤音trochee []n.扬抑格.长短格trope []n.转义.比喻truth condition 真值条件truth value 真值tu/vous distinction 你/您区别turn length 话语轮次长度turn quantity 话语轮次数量turn-taking 依次发言two-place predicate 二位谓语two-word utterance 二词话语typology 类型学UUnaspirated 不松气的underlying form 底层形式underlying representation 底层表达uninterruptibility 非中断性universal quantifier 普遍限量词universal 普遍现象universality 普遍性universals of language 语言的普遍现象unmarked 未标记的unrounded vowel 非圆元音urban dialectology 都市方言学utterance []n.1.发声.表达 2.说话方式.语调3言辞.言论.话语utterance meaning 语句意义uvula []n. 悬雍垂.小舌uvular []a.小舌的.小舌音的Vvalidity 效度variable 可变化的variable word 可变化词variation变异variety 变体;语体velar []a.1膜的 2.软颚音的n. 软颚音velarization 腭音化velum []n.1.软颚 2.菌膜.缘膜verb 动词verb phrase 动词短语verbal communication 言语交际verbal process 言语过程verbiage []n.1. 废话.冗词 2. 用语.措词vernacular []n.本国语.本地话.方言.行话.日常用语.白话vernacular language education 本地化教育vocabulary 词汇vocal []a.声的.声音的.元音的.浊音的n.元音.浊音vocal cord 声带vocal organ 发音器官vocal tract 声道vocative []a. 称呼的.呼格的n.呼格voice 语态voiced consonant 浊辅音voiced obstruent 浊塞音voiced (sound) 浊音voiceless consonant 清辅音voiceless obstruent 清塞音voiceless(sound) 清音voicing 浊音化,有声化vowel []n. 1.元音 2. 元音字母vowel glide 元音音渡WWh-interrogative 特殊疑问句women register 女性语域.word 词word class 词类word formation 词语形成word group 词组word meaning 词义word order 词序word recognition 词语识别word formation 词语形成word-for-word 逐词翻译wording []n. 措辞.用语written language 书面语written text 篇章XY ZYes--no interrogative 是非问句yes--no question 是非问句zero 零.零形式zeugma []n. 轭式搭配,轭式修饰法..。
英语语言学概论期末复习【通用】.docx
第一章绪论1.1什么是语言1.2语言的性质(1)语言具有系统性(systematic)(2)语言是一个符号系统语言符号是一种象征符号。
(3)语言符号的任意性(arbitrariness)与理据性(motivation)(4)口头性(5)语言是人类特有的(6)语言是用于交际的寒暄交谈(phatic communion)马林诺夫斯基提出的,认为语言除了用于表达思想、交流感情外,还可以用语言营造一种气氛或保持社会接触。
这种不用于表达思想、交流感情的语言使用,叫寒暄交谈。
1.3语言的起源1.4语言的分类1.4.1系属分类(Genetic Classification)历史比较语言学通过比较各种语言在不同时期语音、词性、曲折变化、语法结构上的相同特点来建立语言族系。
将语言分为语系(family)——语族(group)——语支(branch)——语言英语、德语属印欧语系日耳曼语族西日耳曼语支。
法语属印欧语系罗曼语族中罗曼语支。
汉语属汉藏语系汉语族。
1.4.2 类型分类(Typological Classifacation)根据词的结构类型,可分为(1)孤立语(isolating language)又叫词根语,一个词代表一个意思,缺少形态变化,语序和虚词是表达语法意义的主要手段。
汉语是典型的孤立语。
(2)粘着语(agglutinative language)简单词组成复合词,而词性和意义不变。
在词根前、中、后粘贴不同的词缀实现语法功能。
日语、韩语、土耳其语是典型的黏着语。
(3)屈折语(inflectional language)词形变化表语法关系的语言。
英语是不太典型的屈折语。
(4)多式综合语(polysynthesis language)把主、宾和其它语法项结合到动词词干上以构成一个单独的词,但表达一个句子的意思。
因纽特语是典型的多式综合语。
根据句子的语序类型,可分为SVO、SOV、OSV、OVS等1.5语言的功能1.5.1 一般功能1.5.2元功能(metafunction)1.6什么是语言学(linguistics)1.7语言学中的重要区分(1)语言(langue)和言语(parole/langage)索绪尔对语言和言语作出了区分。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇
汉语言文学专业词汇(英文版)FELIX2015-01-07 16:31:09文学思潮:Literature current of thought文学革命:Literature revolution古典文学:Classic literature维新运动:Reformist movement启蒙运动:Enlighten the sport价值领域:worth a realm外国文学:Foreign literature知识分子:Educated person浪漫主义:Romanticism唯美主义:Aestheticism百科全书:Cyclopeadia文艺复兴:Revival of learing发音器官:Speech organs功能名词:Function noun专有名词:Proper noun普通名词:Commen noun集合名词:Collective noun抽象名词:Abstract noun复合谓语:Compound predicate楔形文字:Arrowheaded character语法范畴:Grammatical category汉藏语系:Sino-Tibetan上层建筑:Superstructure意识形态:Ideology现代文学:Contemporary literature大众文学:Popular literature报告文学:Reportage批判主义:Criticism伊索寓言:Aesop`s Fables希腊文化:Hellenism形而上学:Metaphysis孔子学说:Confucian喜怒哀乐:Pleasure Anger Sorrow Joy发源地:Source爱美剧:Amateur修辞学:Rhetoric语音学:Phonetic助动词:Auxiliary verb感叹词:Interjection连接词:Link word逻辑词:Logical word里程碑:Milestone拉丁语:Latin田园诗:Idyl无名氏:Annymous person真善美:Truth Goodness Beauty英语分类词汇:文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧 (美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节Appendix 1 A Glossary of Linguistic TermsAabbreviation []n. 缩写.缩写词.略语ablative []n.夺格a.夺格的absolute []a.独立的.独立成分absolute clause 独立从句abstract nouns 抽象名词accent []n.口音.重音.(诗歌中词或音节的)重读accidence [].词形变化.字形变化2. (学科的)初步.入门accommodation []n.调适.接纳accusative []a.直接宾格的n.直接宾格 (受格)acoustic []a.听觉的.音响的.声学的(---feature/cue声学特征)acquisition []n.获得.习得acronym []n.首字母缩略字.缩略词active []n.主动语态actor []n.动作者.行动者(actor—action—goal)addition []n. 加.附加.添加address []n. 称呼(forms/terms of address 称呼语 )addressee []n. 受话人,收信人,收件人addresser []n. 发话人,发言人,发信人.adjacency pair 相邻语对adjective []n.形容词a.形容词的adjunct []n.附加语.修饰语.修饰成分adnominal []a.(定语)修饰名词的.形容词的.形容名词的adverb []n. 副词;状语adverbial []a. 副词的,作副词用的adversative []a.反意的.相反的n.反义字(转折语)affirmative []n.肯定词.肯定语affix []n1.附加物.添加物2.字缀.词缀(affix hopping 词缀跳跃) affixation[]n. 附加.附加法.词缀附加法affricate []n.塞擦音agent (agentive) 施事agreement []n. (人称.性别.数.格的)一致airstream []n.气流alliteration []n.头韵(法)allomorph []n.同质异形体.词.语素变体allophone []n.同位音.音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体alveolar []n. 齿龈音,齿槽音.alveolar ridge 齿龈ambiguity []n.含混,歧义ambiguous歧义的anacoluthon []n.改变说法.错格.句法结构前后不一anadiplosis []n.反复法.顶真analogical []a.类似的.类推的analogical creation 类推造字anapaest []n.抑抑扬格.弱弱强格.短短长格anaphora []n. 复指.首语(句)重复法annotation []n. 注解.注释antecedent []n. (关系代词的)先行词antithesis []n. 1. 对立面;对立2. (修辞学)对语,对偶,对句antonomasia []n. 代称,称呼替换antonym []n. 反义词,反义现象aphorism []n.格言.警句.箴言aposiopesis []n.话语中断,说话中断法apostrophe []n. 1.呼语2.撇号3.省略符号4.所有格符号appellative [].名称的2.通称的n.通称名词.普通名词apposition []n. 1.同位语2.并置appropriateness []n. 得体.适合.适当.相称arbitrariness []n. 任意性archaism []n.古体,拟古,古语argot []n.行语,暗语,黑话article []n.冠词articulation []n. (清楚的)发音.发出的(辅)音.发音动作articulator []n. 1.发音清楚的人或物2.发音器官articulatory []a.发音清晰的.与发音有关的aside 旁白,私语,离题话aspect []n. (动词的) 体. 时态. 时间aspirated []a.伴有h音的.送气音的.吐气.送气assimilation []n.同化aureate []a.绚丽的(-- diction,绚丽辞令– style绚丽体)assonance []n. 1. 谐音2. (诗的)准押韵.半谐音attributive []a. 1.归属的.属性的2.定语的n.定语auxiliary []a. 辅助的.附属的.从属的n.助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bback-formation 逆构词法base form 基础形式base component 基础部分basic form 基本形式behaver 行为者behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial []a.双唇音的n. 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral []a.双边的.双边音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism [] n.双语现象binary []a. 二元的.由二部分构成的(-- feature 二分特征)binomial []a. 二项式的 n.二项式blade []n.舌叶.舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗bleaching []n.词义淡化blending []n.混合.混成法.裁切block language 块语、标题式语言(有限语境中使用缩略结构如No smoking) borrow(ing) 借用.借词bound clause粘附句bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 界限理论bracketing 括号法broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Ccalque []n.语义转借.译借vt.转借(语义).仿造语cardinal[]n基数词cardinal vowel 基本元音category []n范畴(categorical component 范畴成分)causative []a.使役的n.使役动词cavity []n.腔clause 小句.从句click 吸气音.咂音clipping []n.缩略closure []n.关闭.闭塞cluster []辅音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda []n.节尾.韵尾code 语码.信码cognate []n.同源词.同根词.同系语言cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 连贯.相关.关联cohension 衔接collapse [] 叠合collective []n.集合名词colligation []n. 概括.搭连collocation []n.组合.搭配command []命令(句)commissive 承诺语common普通的.共同的(--- core 共核)(--- noun 普通名词)comparative [] a比较的.比较级的competence []n.语言能力complement(ation) 补语complementary互补.相反component 组成部分,成分componential 组成部分的composition 组构compound(ing) 复合;复合词(句)conative []a. 意动的concord []n. 协调.一致(关系)conditional []n.条件句.条件语congruence []n.重合conjugate []vt.列举(动词)的词形变化conjunct []a. 连接副词conjunction []n.连词.连接词connotation []n.含蓄.言外之意【逻】内涵consonant[]n.辅音.辅音字母a.辅音的constative []a. 陈述的.表述的constituent []n.成分.结构成分construction (construct) 构建content (ive) 内容.实义(词)contrast(ive) 对立.对比convention(al) 常规;规约conversation 会话conversationalconversion 类转.变换coordinate /coordination/coordiative 并列copula []n.系词copulative []a.连系的.作系词的n.系词co-referential(ity) 同指coronal []n.舌冠(音).舌尖音corpus []n. 1.文集.全2..躯体(尤指尸体) 3.语料语料库.素材corpora[] (corpus的复数)correlative []a.相关的n.关联词count [] 可数的,countable/uncontable 可/不可数名词couplet []n. 对句.双韵covert []隐性的Ddactyl []n. (英诗的)扬抑抑格.长短短格dative []a.与格的n.与格.与格语 dative movement 与格移动declarative []a. 1. 宣言的.布告的.申报的.陈述的2.陈述的decode []vt. 译解(密码)deductive []a. 推论的.演绎的defeasibility 消除可行性definite []. 明确的.确切的2. 一定的.肯定的3. 限定的deictic []a. 直证的.直指的(deixis)denotation []n. 1. 意义.本义2. 表示3. 名称.符号dental []a. 齿音的n.齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation []n.诱导.来历.起源调查.语言derivational []a.诱导的. 衍生的;引出的determiner []n.限定词deviant []a. 越轨的n.不正常者.变异物.变体deviation 偏离;变异devoice []vt.使(有声之音)变为无声之音devoicing 清音化diachronic []a.历时的diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diacritic []a.有区别的.能区分的.辨别的n.区别发音符号dialect []n. 方言.土话dialectology 方言学diphthong []n.双元音.复合元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech直接言语discourse []n.语段.语篇;话语discrete []a. 1. 分离的.不连接的2.抽象的disjunction []n. 分离.分裂displacement []n.移位.置换.取代dissimilation []n. 1. 异化2.异化作用3.异化distinguish []vt.区别.识别把...区别分类distinguisher 辩义成分domain []n. 领域.范围dorsal []a.背部的.背侧的舌背音.舌中音dorsum []n.背.背状部分.舌面(舌尖以后之部分)dual []n. 1. 双数2. 双数词dualistic []a. 二元的.二元论的duality 二重性Eejective []a. 喷出的.外射的n.外爆音ellipsis []n.省略.省略部分elliptic(al) []a. 1. 椭圆的2.省略的encode []vt. 1. 把...译成电码(或密码)endocentric []a.向心的.内向的epenthesis []n.增音.插入字母epithet []n. 1. 表示特征的修饰词2. (描述性的)称号equipollent []a.相等的n. 相等物equivalence 相等equivoque []n. 双关语.模棱两可的词句.语义双关euphemism []n.. 婉转说法.委婉(词)语euphony []n. 声音的和谐.谐音.悦耳语音exocentric []a. 外心的exocentric construction 外向结构extensive []引申的;扩展的Ffeasibility []n.可行性.可能性feature []n. 特征.特色felicity []n. 1. 幸福2. (措辞等的)得体.巧妙.恰当的语句feminine []a.阴性的figurative []a. 1. 比喻的.象征的2. (文章等)多比喻的figurative language 比喻性语言;象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段;修辞格finite []a. 1. 有限的2.有穷的3.限定的n. 有限.有限之物flap [] 闪音flexibility []n. 易曲性.适应性.灵活性.弹性fricative []a. 摩擦的n. 摩擦音friction 摩擦function 功能fusion []n.溶合fuzzy []a. 1. 有绒毛的2. 模糊不清的Ggender []n. 1.【语】性2.性别gender difference 性别差异generalization []n. 普遍化.概括.综合.归纳generative []a.生殖的.有生产力的generative grammar 生成语法genitive []a.属格的n.属格global []a. 1. 球状的2. 全世界的3. 总体的global task 整体任务glottal []a. 1.声门的2. 用声门发声的.喉音glottal stop 喉塞音gradable []a. (形容词)有比较级和最高级的grammar []n. 语法grammatical []a. 语法的group []n.群.组.类词组guttural []a.喉咙的.喉音的n. 喉音.喉音字腭音Hhead []n.中心词;中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter []n.七音步a. 七音步的hierarchical []a.等级制度的.等级体系的hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy []n.等级制度.统治集团.级系.阶系holophrastic []a.表句词的.单词句的holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym []n.同音异义字.同形同音异义字.同形异义字homophony []n. 同音异义hyperbole []n. 1.修辞的夸张法2.夸张的语句hypercorrection []n.矫枉过正hyponym []n.下位的名称.下义词hypothesis []n.假说. 前提.假设Iiamb []n.抑扬格.短长格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行idiom []n1. 惯用语.成语.习惯语2. 方言.土话.(个人特有)用语ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary []a.发语词内的.语内表现行为的illocutionary act 话中行为;施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用;施为作用immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative []a.祈使法的.祈使语气.命令的implicate []vt.意味着.暗指n. 包含的事物.暗含的论断implication 蕴涵;含义implosive []a.闭塞音的n.内爆发音inanimate []a.无生命的indefinite []a.不定的.未定的indicative []a.陈述的n.陈述语气.陈述语气的动词形式inference []n. 推论.推断[inferential []a. 推理的.推论的infinitive []n.不定式a.不定式的infix []n. 插入词.中缀inflection []n. 1. 变音.转调2. 弯曲.向内弯曲innateness []n. 天生.天赋intensifier []n. 1. 增强器.增强剂2. 加强者3.强调成分intensive []a. 加强的.密集的.加强语意的n.强调成分interdental []a. 在牙齿间的2.齿间音的n.齿间音interface []n. 界面.分界面interjection []n. 感叹词.感叹语interlanguage []n. 国际语言Interlingua []n.人工国际语之一interlocutor []n. 对话者internal []a. 内的.内部的international phonetic alphabet. IPA 国际音标interpersonal []a. 人与人之间的interpersonal function 人际功能interrogative []a. 疑问的.质问的n.疑问词intonation []n. 语调.声调intransitive []a.不及物的n.不及物动词intrinsic []a.本身的.本质的.固有的.内在的invariable []a. 不变的.恒定的.一律的inversion []n.反向.倒置.倒转2.倒装法IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号J K Ljargon []n.黑话;行语kernel []n.核心.要点keyword关键词label []n. 标记.符号. 称号.绰号labial []a. 唇的.唇音的n. 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language []n.语言larynx []n.喉lateral []a.旁流音的.侧音的lateral sounds侧音lax []a. (元音)松弛的n.松弛的元音lax vowel 松元音letter []n字母level []n. 层,级,平面lexeme []n. 词汇.语汇单位.词位;词素lexical []a. 1. 词汇的.语词的2. 词典的.词典编纂的lexicon []n. 1. 词典2. 语汇3. 词素lexis []n. (某一语言的)词语(层)liaison [] 连音linear []a. 线的.直线的linguistic []a.. 语言的.语言学的lip rounding 圆唇化literal []a. 照字面的.原义的loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词Mmacro []a. 1. 巨大的.大量的2. 宏观的.main clause 主句manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine []a. 1. 男性的.男子的2阳性的maxim []n. 格言.箴言.座右铭manner maxim 方式准则meaning 意义meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移mental (processs) 思维过程;心理过程mentalism []n.心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis []n. 1.音位转换2.交换反应.置换metonymy []n.转喻metre []n.格律.韵律.拍子metrical patterning 韵律格式 9.3.3mind 思维minimal []a.最小的.极微的n.极简抽象派艺术(或其作品) mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal []a. 1.形态上的.形式的2.语气的.情态的3.典型的modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality []n. 1. 形式.情态程序3.物理疗法4. 主要的感觉modification []n.修饰.变异modifier []. 修改者2. 修饰词语3.修饰基因4.改性剂monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的mood 语气morpheme []n.语素.词素(语言中最小的字义单位) morphemic []a.词素的.语素的morphological []a.形态学的.形态的morphology []n.形态学morphophonemics []n词素音位结构2. 词素音位学mother tongue 母语;本族语motivation 动因;动机multilingualism 多语制;多语现象Nnasal []. 鼻的2. 鼻音的n.. 鼻音.鼻音字母nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化negation []n. 1. 否定2. 反对.反驳3. 不存在4. 对立面negative []a.否定的.否认的. 反面的.消极的n.否定语negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neutralize []vt. 1. 使无效.抵消2. 使中立化neutralizable opposition 可中立对立node []n. 1. 结.节2. 中心点.交叉点nominal []a.名词性的n. 名词性的词nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative []a.主格的n.主格.主格词non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞octametre 八音步诗行onomatopoeia []n. 1.拟声.象声词2.拟声法onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography []. 正字法.拼字法2. (几何)正射影(法) ostensive communication 直示交际overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalate []n. 1.上颚2. 味觉3. 趣味.嗜好palatal []a.上颚(音)的.颚(音)的n. 上颚音.颚音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization []n.腭音化paradigm [].范例2. (名词或动词)词形变化(表)paradigmatic [].范例的2.词形变化(表)的paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase []n. 1. 释义.意译.改述vt. vi.. 释义.意译participant 参与者particle []n.虚词(包括某些副词.冠词.介词.连词等).字首.字尾partitive []a. 1. 区分的2.表示部分的n.表示部分的词passive []n.被动语态被动态的动词pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak (节)峰perceptual []a.感知的.知觉的perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performative (verb) 行事性动词person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal [].咽部的2.喉音的n.喉音pharynx []n.咽头phatic []a. 交流感情的.应酬的phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈;phoneme []n.音素.音位phonetic []a. 1.语音的.语音学的2. 语音差异的phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音(法)phonetics []n. (用作单)语音学phonologic []a.音位学的.语音体系的phonological process 音位过程phonology []n. 音位学.语音体系phrase []n. 短语.词组pidgin []. (并用两种或多种语言的)混杂语.洋泾浜语2.事儿plosion []n】爆破发音.爆破plosive [].破裂音(的)plural []a.复数的pluralism [].兼职.兼任2.多重性.多元论plurality []. 复数.多数.多重性2.复数(形式)polysyllabic []a. 多音节的Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive [].拥有的.占有的2.所属关系的.所有格的postdeterminer 后限定词pragmatic []. 实际的.实干的2. 实用主义的pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate []n..谓语.述部a.谓语的.述部的prefix []n.字首.前缀 (人名前的)称谓premodifier 前修饰语preposition [].介词.前置词prepositional []a.. 介词的.前置词的prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive []a. 规定的.因时效而获得的presupposition []n.预想.假定.前提primary []a. 首要的.主要的priva principle []n. 原则.原理process 过程pro-form 代词形式;替代形式pronominal []a. 代词的pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典proposition 命题prosodic []a. 作诗法的.韵律学的psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法pulmonic []a. 肺病的pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话Qquality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantity 数量quantity maxim 数量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quatrain []n. 四行诗quirk []. 突然的转变2. 字的花体3. 怪癖4. 借口Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义realisation 体现received pronunciation. RP 标准发音receiver 受话者;信息接受者recency effectrecognition 识别recursion []n.【数】递回.递回式.循环.可溯recursive []a.】递归的.可溯的;还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential [] 指示的所指的reflexive []n..反身动词.反身代词a.反身的regional dialect 地域方言register []n.语域regressive [].后退的.逆行的.退化的2. 回归的relative clause 关系分句.关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复residue []n.残余.剩余.剩余成分restricted []a. 受限制的.被限定的restricted language 限制性语言retrieval []. 取回.恢复2. 纠正.补偿检索retroflex []. 反折的.后翻的2. 卷舌(音)的n. 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨rhyme 韵;韵角;压韵rhythm 韵律;节奏role 角色root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit []n. 梵文.梵语a. 梵文的.梵语的Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema []. 轮廓.概要.略图2.先验图式3.图式second language acquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment []n.语流中的一个音素(或单个音)selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic []a.. 语义的.语义学的semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic [].符号学的2.症状的semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant [].丝丝作响的2.发丝音的.丝丝音2.发丝音辅音sign 符号signified 所指.受指signifier 能指.施指simile []n. (修辞)直喻.明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数slot 空缺soft palate 软腭sonnet 十四行诗sonorant []n..响音sonority []. 响亮2. (声音的)响亮程度sound 语音Spanish 西班牙语Speaker 说话者speech 言语spelling 拼写.拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language 口语spondee []n.扬扬格spoonerism []n.斯本内现象(即字音的无意互换现象) Standard English 标准英语standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stratification []n.成层.阶层的形成stress 重音structure 结构stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjectivity 主观性subjunctive []a.虚拟的n.虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征syllabic []. 音节的.构成音节的n.音节主音syllabification []. (语音)分音节2. 分音节法syllable []n. 音节syllabus []n. 教学大纲.课程大纲2.要目syllogism [].三段论.演绎推理2.推断3.诡辩.狡辩symbol 符号synchronic []a. 同时的.共时的synonym []n. 同义字.类义字 (分类学中的)同物异名synonymous []a. 同义的.同义词性质的synonymy []n. 同义.同义词研究syntax []n.语法.句法2. (组成部分的)有条理(或系统)的排列syntactic []a. 按照句法的.句法的Ttacit []a1. 缄默的.不说话的2. 不明言的.默示的tacit knowledge 默契的知识tagmeme []n.法位.序位tagmemics 法位学tautology []n. 同义反复.重复.赘述template []n. 模块tense vowel 紧元音tense 时态tetrameter []n. 四音步诗行text 语篇textual 语篇功能theme []n. 1.论题.话题.题目2.主题.主题思想.题材3.词干.主位tone 声调.音调tongue height 舌高tongue position 舌位tongue tip 舌尖topic 主题trace theory 轨迹论transcription []n. 1.抄写.誊写2.副本音标.标音transfer 移转transformation 转换transitivity []n.动词的及物性trill []n.颤音trochee []n.扬抑格.长短格trope []n.转义.比喻truth condition 真值条件truth value 真值tu/vous distinction 你/您区别turn length 话语轮次长度turn quantity 话语轮次数量turn-taking 依次发言two-place predicate 二位谓语two-word utterance 二词话语typology 类型学UUnaspirated 不松气的underlying form 底层形式underlying representation 底层表达uninterruptibility 非中断性universal quantifier 普遍限量词universal 普遍现象universality 普遍性universals of language 语言的普遍现象unmarked 未标记的unrounded vowel 非圆元音urban dialectology 都市方言学utterance [].发声.表达2.说话方式.语调3言辞.言论.话语utterance meaning 语句意义uvula []n. 悬雍垂.小舌uvular []a.小舌的.小舌音的Vvalidity 效度variable 可变化的variable word 可变化词variation变异variety 变体;语体velar []膜的2.软颚音的n. 软颚音velarization 腭音化velum [].软颚2.菌膜.缘膜verb 动词verb phrase 动词短语verbal communication 言语交际verbal process 言语过程verbiage []. 废话.冗词2. 用语.措词vernacular []n.本国语.本地话.方言.行话.日常用语.白话vernacular language education 本地化教育vocabulary 词汇vocal []a.声的.声音的.元音的.浊音的n.元音.浊音vocal cord 声带vocal organ 发音器官vocal tract 声道vocative []a. 称呼的.呼格的n.呼格voice 语态voiced consonant 浊辅音voiced obstruent 浊塞音voiced (sound) 浊音voiceless consonant 清辅音voiceless obstruent 清塞音voiceless(sound) 清音voicing 浊音化,有声化vowel []n. 1.元音2. 元音字母vowel glide 元音音渡WWh-interrogative 特殊疑问句women register 女性语域word 词word class 词类word formation 词语形成word group 词组word meaning 词义word order 词序word recognition 词语识别word formation 词语形成word-for-word 逐词翻译wording []n. 措辞.用语written language 书面语written text 篇章XY ZYes--no interrogative 是非问句yes--no question 是非问句zero 零.零形式zeugma []n. 轭式搭配,轭式修饰法。
电大本科汉语言文学英语II试题及答案
中央广播电视大学 -- 第二学期”开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ(2) 试题注意事项7月一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
考试结束后, 把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。
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二、仔细阅读每题的说明, 并按题目要求答题。
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三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题, 使用铅笔答题无效。
第一部分交际用语(共计l0分, 每小题2分)1—5小题: 阅读下面的小对话, 从A、 B、 C、 D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
1.一l’ve got a bad cold today.A.Thank you for telling me.B.Oh, dear!I hope you get better soon.C.It isn’t serious.D.It’U be better soon.2.一Would you like a tea?A.Yes, I prefer coffee. B.I like green tea.C.Yes, please. D.N0, I don’t mind.3.一Could I talk to Prof.Lee?A.Yes, speaking,B.Oh.it’S you.C 1’m waiting for you.D.I am the operator here.4.、一So sorry to trouble you.---------A.I’m sorry.too. B.It’S your fault.C.I don’t think S0.D.It’S a pleasure.5.一Are you on holiday here?A.We are on holiday here, too.B.We.1ive here, t00.C.N0。
we aren’t.We live here.D.Yas。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇
汉语言文学专业词汇(英文版)FELIX2015-01-07 16:31:09文学思潮:Literature current of thought文学革命:Literature revolution古典文学:Classic literature维新运动:Reformist movement启蒙运动:Enlighten the sport价值领域:worth a realm外国文学:Foreign literature知识分子:Educated person浪漫主义:Romanticism唯美主义:Aestheticism百科全书:Cyclopeadia文艺复兴:Revival of learing发音器官:Speech organs功能名词:Function noun专有名词:Proper noun普通名词:Commen noun集合名词:Collective noun抽象名词:Abstract noun复合谓语:Compound predicate楔形文字:Arrowheaded character语法范畴:Grammatical category汉藏语系:Sino-Tibetan上层建筑:Superstructure意识形态:Ideology现代文学:Contemporary literature大众文学:Popular literature报告文学:Reportage批判主义:Criticism伊索寓言:Aesop`s Fables希腊文化:Hellenism形而上学:Metaphysis孔子学说:Confucian喜怒哀乐:Pleasure Anger Sorrow Joy发源地:Source爱美剧:Amateur修辞学:Rhetoric语音学:Phonetic助动词:Auxiliary verb感叹词:Interjection连接词:Link word逻辑词:Logical word里程碑:Milestone拉丁语:Latin田园诗:Idyl无名氏:Annymous person真善美:Truth Goodness Beauty英语分类词汇:文学相关词汇classical literature 古典文学contemporary literature 现代文学popular literature 大众文学light literature 通俗文学folklore 民间文学saga (river) novel 长篇小说short novel, long short story 中篇小说short story 短篇小说love story 爱情小说deterctive story 侦破小说mystery story 怪诞小说whodunit 推理小说humorous story 幽默小说historical novel 历史小说essay 随笔book of travels 游记reportage 报告文学criticism 评论best seller 畅销书anthology 选集the complete works(of) 全集edition, printing 版masterpiece 杰作copyright 版权, 著作权deluxe binding 精装flat stitching 平装smyth sewed 线装humanities 人文学科writer 作家book 书volume 卷theatre 戏剧(美作:theater)drama 话剧comedy 喜剧tragedy 悲剧farce 滑稽剧play 剧本the three unities 三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间) playwright 编剧act 幕scene 场plot 情节Appendix 1 A Glossary of Linguistic TermsAabbreviation []n. 缩写.缩写词.略语ablative []n.夺格a.夺格的absolute []a.独立的.独立成分absolute clause 独立从句abstract nouns 抽象名词accent []n.口音.重音.(诗歌中词或音节的)重读accidence []n.1.词形变化.字形变化2. (学科的)初步.入门accommodation []n.调适.接纳accusative []a.直接宾格的n.直接宾格(受格)acoustic []a.听觉的.音响的.声学的(---feature/cue声学特征)acquisition []n.获得.习得acronym []n.首字母缩略字.缩略词active []n.主动语态actor []n.动作者.行动者(actor—action—goal)addition []n. 加.附加.添加address []n. 称呼(forms/terms of address 称呼语)addressee []n. 受话人,收信人,收件人addresser []n. 发话人,发言人,发信人.adjacency pair 相邻语对adjective []n.形容词a.形容词的adjunct []n.附加语.修饰语.修饰成分adnominal []a.(定语)修饰名词的.形容词的.形容名词的adverb []n. 副词;状语adverbial []a. 副词的,作副词用的adversative []a.反意的.相反的n.反义字(转折语) affirmative []n.肯定词.肯定语affix []n1.附加物.添加物2.字缀.词缀(affix hopping 词缀跳跃) affixation[]n. 附加.附加法.词缀附加法affricate []n.塞擦音agent (agentive) 施事agreement []n. (人称.性别.数.格的)一致airstream []n.气流alliteration []n.头韵(法)allomorph []n.同质异形体.词.语素变体allophone []n.同位音.音位变体allophonic variation 音位变体alveolar []n. 齿龈音,齿槽音.alveolar ridge 齿龈ambiguity []n.含混,歧义ambiguous歧义的anacoluthon []n.改变说法.错格.句法结构前后不一anadiplosis []n.反复法.顶真analogical []a.类似的.类推的analogical creation 类推造字anapaest []n.抑抑扬格.弱弱强格.短短长格anaphora []n. 复指.首语(句)重复法annotation []n. 注解.注释antecedent []n. (关系代词的)先行词antithesis []n. 1. 对立面;对立2. (修辞学)对语,对偶,对句antonomasia []n. 代称,称呼替换antonym []n. 反义词,反义现象aphorism []n.格言.警句.箴言aposiopesis []n.话语中断,说话中断法apostrophe []n. 1.呼语2.撇号3.省略符号4.所有格符号appellative []a.1.名称的2.通称的n.通称名词.普通名词apposition []n. 1.同位语2.并置appropriateness []n. 得体.适合.适当.相称arbitrariness []n. 任意性archaism []n.古体,拟古,古语argot []n.行语,暗语,黑话article []n.冠词articulation []n. (清楚的)发音.发出的(辅)音.发音动作articulator []n. 1.发音清楚的人或物2.发音器官articulatory []a.发音清晰的.与发音有关的aside 旁白,私语,离题话aspect []n. (动词的) 体. 时态. 时间aspirated []a.伴有h音的.送气音的.吐气.送气assimilation []n.同化aureate []a.绚丽的(-- diction,绚丽辞令– style绚丽体)assonance []n. 1. 谐音2. (诗的)准押韵.半谐音attributive []a. 1.归属的.属性的2.定语的n.定语auxiliary []a. 辅助的.附属的.从属的n.助词auxiliary verb 助动词Bback-formation 逆构词法base form 基础形式base component 基础部分basic form 基本形式behaver 行为者behavioural process 行为过程behaviourism 行为主义bilabial []a.双唇音的n. 双唇音bilabial nasal 双唇鼻音bilateral []a.双边的.双边音bilateral opposition 双边对立bilingualism [] n.双语现象binary []a. 二元的.由二部分构成的(-- feature 二分特征) binomial []a. 二项式的n.二项式blade []n.舌叶.舌面前部blank verse 无韵诗bleaching []n.词义淡化blending []n.混合.混成法.裁切block language 块语、标题式语言(有限语境中使用缩略结构如No smoking) borrow(ing) 借用.借词bound clause粘附句bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory 界限理论bracketing 括号法broad transcription 宽式音标broadening 词义扩大Ccalque []n.语义转借.译借vt.转借(语义).仿造语cardinal[]n基数词cardinal vowel 基本元音category []n范畴(categorical component 范畴成分)causative []a.使役的n.使役动词cavity []n.腔clause 小句.从句click 吸气音.咂音clipping []n.缩略closure []n.关闭.闭塞cluster []辅音丛coarticulation 协同发音coda []n.节尾.韵尾code 语码.信码cognate []n.同源词.同根词.同系语言cognitive psycholinguistics 认知心理语言学cognitive psychology 认知心理学cognitive system 认知系统coherence 连贯.相关.关联cohension 衔接collapse [] 叠合collective []n.集合名词colligation []n. 概括.搭连collocation []n.组合.搭配command []命令(句)commissive 承诺语common普通的.共同的(--- core 共核)(--- noun 普通名词)comparative [] a比较的.比较级的competence []n.语言能力complement(ation) 补语complementary互补.相反component 组成部分,成分componential 组成部分的composition 组构compound(ing) 复合;复合词(句)conative []a. 意动的concord []n. 协调.一致(关系)conditional []n.条件句.条件语congruence []n.重合conjugate []vt.列举(动词)的词形变化conjunct []a. 连接副词conjunction []n.连词.连接词connotation []n.含蓄.言外之意【逻】内涵consonant[]n.辅音.辅音字母a.辅音的constative []a. 陈述的.表述的constituent []n.成分.结构成分construction (construct) 构建content (ive) 内容.实义(词)contrast(ive) 对立.对比convention(al) 常规;规约conversation 会话conversationalconversion 类转.变换coordinate /coordination/coordiative 并列copula []n.系词copulative []a.连系的.作系词的n.系词co-referential(ity) 同指coronal []n.舌冠(音).舌尖音corpus []n. 1.文集.全2..躯体(尤指尸体) 3.语料语料库.素材corpora[] (corpus的复数)correlative []a.相关的n.关联词count [] 可数的,countable/uncontable 可/不可数名词couplet []n. 对句.双韵covert []隐性的Ddactyl []n. (英诗的)扬抑抑格.长短短格dative []a.与格的n.与格.与格语dative movement 与格移动declarative []a. 1. 宣言的.布告的.申报的.陈述的2.陈述的decode []vt. 译解(密码)deductive []a. 推论的.演绎的defeasibility 消除可行性definite []a.1. 明确的.确切的2. 一定的.肯定的3. 限定的deictic []a. 直证的.直指的(deixis)denotation []n. 1. 意义.本义2. 表示3. 名称.符号dental []a. 齿音的n.齿音dentalization 齿音化derivation []n.诱导.来历.起源调查.语言derivational []a.诱导的. 衍生的;引出的determiner []n.限定词deviant []a. 越轨的n.不正常者.变异物.变体deviation 偏离;变异devoice []vt.使(有声之音)变为无声之音devoicing 清音化diachronic []a.历时的diachronic linguistics 历时语言学diacritic []a.有区别的.能区分的.辨别的n.区别发音符号dialect []n. 方言.土话dialectology 方言学diphthong []n.双元音.复合元音direct object 直接宾语direct speech直接言语discourse []n.语段.语篇;话语discrete []a. 1. 分离的.不连接的2.抽象的disjunction []n. 分离.分裂displacement []n.移位.置换.取代dissimilation []n. 1. 异化2.异化作用3.异化distinguish []vt.区别.识别把...区别分类distinguisher 辩义成分domain []n. 领域.范围dorsal []a.背部的.背侧的舌背音.舌中音dorsum []n.背.背状部分.舌面(舌尖以后之部分)dual []n. 1. 双数2. 双数词dualistic []a. 二元的.二元论的duality 二重性Eejective []a. 喷出的.外射的n.外爆音ellipsis []n.省略.省略部分elliptic(al) []a. 1. 椭圆的2.省略的encode []vt. 1. 把...译成电码(或密码)endocentric []a.向心的.内向的epenthesis []n.增音.插入字母epithet []n. 1. 表示特征的修饰词2. (描述性的)称号equipollent []a.相等的n. 相等物equivalence 相等equivoque []n. 双关语.模棱两可的词句.语义双关euphemism []n.. 婉转说法.委婉(词)语euphony []n. 声音的和谐.谐音.悦耳语音exocentric []a. 外心的exocentric construction 外向结构extensive []引申的;扩展的Ffeasibility []n.可行性.可能性feature []n. 特征.特色felicity []n. 1. 幸福2. (措辞等的)得体.巧妙.恰当的语句feminine []a.阴性的figurative []a. 1. 比喻的.象征的2. (文章等)多比喻的figurative language 比喻性语言;象征性语言figures of speech 修辞手段;修辞格finite []a. 1. 有限的2.有穷的3.限定的n. 有限.有限之物flap [] 闪音flexibility []n. 易曲性.适应性.灵活性.弹性fricative []a. 摩擦的n. 摩擦音friction 摩擦function 功能fusion []n.溶合fuzzy []a. 1. 有绒毛的2. 模糊不清的Ggender []n. 1.【语】性2.性别gender difference 性别差异generalization []n. 普遍化.概括.综合.归纳generative []a.生殖的.有生产力的generative grammar 生成语法genitive []a.属格的n.属格global []a. 1. 球状的2. 全世界的3. 总体的global task 整体任务glottal []a. 1.声门的2. 用声门发声的.喉音glottal stop 喉塞音gradable []a. (形容词)有比较级和最高级的grammar []n. 语法grammatical []a. 语法的group []n.群.组.类词组guttural []a.喉咙的.喉音的n. 喉音.喉音字腭音Hhead []n.中心词;中心成分headed construction 中心结构heptameter []n.七音步a. 七音步的hierarchical []a.等级制度的.等级体系的hierarchical structure 等级结构hierarchical system 等级系统hierarchy []n.等级制度.统治集团.级系.阶系holophrastic []a.表句词的.单词句的holophrastic stage 单词句阶段homonym []n.同音异义字.同形同音异义字.同形异义字homophony []n. 同音异义hyperbole []n. 1.修辞的夸张法2.夸张的语句hypercorrection []n.矫枉过正hyponym []n.下位的名称.下义词hypothesis []n.假说. 前提.假设Iiamb []n.抑扬格.短长格iambic pentameter 抑扬格五音步诗行idiom []n1. 惯用语.成语.习惯语2. 方言.土话.(个人特有)用语ill-formed sentences 不合适的句子illocutionary []a.发语词内的.语内表现行为的illocutionary act 话中行为;施为性行为illocutionary force 言外作用;施为作用immediacy assumption 即时假定immediate constituent analysis 直接成分分析法imperative []a.祈使法的.祈使语气.命令的implicate []vt.意味着.暗指n. 包含的事物.暗含的论断implication 蕴涵;含义implosive []a.闭塞音的n.内爆发音inanimate []a.无生命的indefinite []a.不定的.未定的indicative []a.陈述的n.陈述语气.陈述语气的动词形式inference []n. 推论.推断[inferential []a. 推理的.推论的infinitive []n.不定式a.不定式的infix []n. 插入词.中缀inflection []n. 1. 变音.转调2. 弯曲.向内弯曲innateness []n. 天生.天赋intensifier []n. 1. 增强器.增强剂2. 加强者3.强调成分intensive []a. 加强的.密集的.加强语意的n.强调成分interdental []a. 在牙齿间的2.齿间音的n.齿间音interface []n. 界面.分界面interjection []n. 感叹词.感叹语interlanguage []n. 国际语言Interlingua []n.人工国际语之一interlocutor []n. 对话者internal []a. 内的.内部的international phonetic alphabet. IPA 国际音标interpersonal []a. 人与人之间的interpersonal function 人际功能interrogative []a. 疑问的.质问的n.疑问词intonation []n. 语调.声调intransitive []a.不及物的n.不及物动词intrinsic []a.本身的.本质的.固有的.内在的invariable []a. 不变的.恒定的.一律的inversion []n.反向.倒置.倒转2.倒装法IPA chart 国际音标图IPS symbol 国际音标符号J K Ljargon []n.黑话;行语kernel []n.核心.要点keyword关键词label []n. 标记.符号. 称号.绰号labial []a. 唇的.唇音的n. 唇音labiodental 唇齿音language []n.语言larynx []n.喉lateral []a.旁流音的.侧音的lateral sounds侧音lax []a. (元音)松弛的n.松弛的元音lax vowel 松元音letter []n字母level []n. 层,级,平面lexeme []n. 词汇.语汇单位.词位;词素lexical []a. 1. 词汇的.语词的2. 词典的.词典编纂的lexicon []n. 1. 词典2. 语汇3. 词素lexis []n. (某一语言的)词语(层)liaison [] 连音linear []a. 线的.直线的linguistic []a.. 语言的.语言学的lip rounding 圆唇化literal []a. 照字面的.原义的loan translation 翻译借词loanblend 混合借词loanshift 转移借词loanword 借词Mmacro []a. 1. 巨大的.大量的2. 宏观的.main clause 主句manner of articulation 发音方式marked 标记的masculine []a. 1. 男性的.男子的2阳性的maxim []n. 格言.箴言.座右铭manner maxim 方式准则meaning 意义meaning potential 意义潜势meaning shift 转移mental (processs) 思维过程;心理过程mentalism []n.心灵主义message 信息metafunction 元功能metalinguistic 元语言的metaphor 隐喻metathesis []n. 1.音位转换2.交换反应.置换metonymy []n.转喻metre []n.格律.韵律.拍子metrical patterning 韵律格式9.3.3mind 思维minimal []a.最小的.极微的n.极简抽象派艺术(或其作品)mirror maxim 镜像准则mistake 错误modal []a. 1.形态上的.形式的2.语气的.情态的3.典型的modal subject 语气主语modal verb 情态动词modality []n. 1. 形式.情态程序3.物理疗法4. 主要的感觉modification []n.修饰.变异modifier []n.1. 修改者2. 修饰词语3.修饰基因4.改性剂monomorphemic 单语素的monophonemic 单音位的monophthong 单元音monosyllabic 单音节的mood 语气morpheme []n.语素.词素(语言中最小的字义单位)morphemic []a.词素的.语素的morphological []a.形态学的.形态的morphology []n.形态学morphophonemics []n词素音位结构2. 词素音位学mother tongue 母语;本族语motivation 动因;动机multilingualism 多语制;多语现象Nnasal []a.1. 鼻的2. 鼻音的n.. 鼻音.鼻音字母nasal cavity 鼻腔nasal sound 鼻音nasal stop 鼻塞音nasal tract 鼻道nasality 鼻音性nasalization 鼻音化negation []n. 1. 否定2. 反对.反驳3. 不存在4. 对立面negative []a.否定的.否认的. 反面的.消极的n.否定语negative interference 负面干扰negative marker 否定标记negative transfer 负转移neutralize []vt. 1. 使无效.抵消2. 使中立化neutralizable opposition 可中立对立node []n. 1. 结.节2. 中心点.交叉点nominal []a.名词性的n. 名词性的词nominal group 名词词组nominalization 名词化nominative []a.主格的n.主格.主格词non-conventionality 非规约性non-detachability非可分离性non-linear phonology 非线性音系学non-linguistic entity 非语言实体non-pulmonic sound 非肺闭塞音non-reciprocal discourse 非交替性语篇non-reflexive pronoun 非反身代词nonsense word stage 无意义词语阶段nonverbal cues 非言语提示norm 规范notation system 标写系统notion 意念noun phrase 名词短语noun 名词Oobject 宾语object-deletion 宾语省略objective case 宾格objectivity 客观性obligatory 强制性observational adequacy 观察充分性abstruction 阻塞octametre 八音步诗行onomatopoeia []n. 1.拟声.象声词2.拟声法onset 节首辅音open class 开放类open syllable 开音节operative 可操作性operator 操作词oppositeness relation 对立关系opposition 对立optimal relevance 最适宜关联option 选择optional 可选择的oral cavity 口腔oral stop 口阻塞音ordinal numeral 序数词origin of language 语言起源orthography []n.1. 正字法.拼字法2. (几何)正射影(法) ostensive communication 直示交际overgeneralization 过分法则化Ppalate []n. 1.上颚2. 味觉3. 趣味.嗜好palatal []a.上颚(音)的.颚(音)的n. 上颚音.颚音palatal-alveolar 腭齿龈音palatalization []n.腭音化paradigm []n.1.范例2. (名词或动词)词形变化(表) paradigmatic []a.1.范例的2.词形变化(表)的paradigmatic relation 聚合关系paraphrase []n. 1. 释义.意译.改述vt. vi.. 释义.意译participant 参与者particle []n.虚词(包括某些副词.冠词.介词.连词等).字首.字尾partitive []a. 1. 区分的2.表示部分的n.表示部分的词passive []n.被动语态被动态的动词pattern 模式patterning 制定模式pause 停顿peak (节)峰perceptual []a.感知的.知觉的perceptual span 感知时距perfectionism 完善主义perfective 完成体performative (verb) 行事性动词person 人称personal (function) 自指性功能pharyngeal []a.1.咽部的2.喉音的n.喉音pharynx []n.咽头phatic []a. 交流感情的.应酬的phatic (communion) 寒暄交谈;phoneme []n.音素.音位phonetic []a. 1.语音的.语音学的2. 语音差异的phonetic alphabet 音标phonetic form component 语音形式部分phonetic similarity 语音相似性phonetic symbol 语音符号phonetic transcription 标音(法)phonetics []n. (用作单)语音学phonologic []a.音位学的.语音体系的phonological process 音位过程phonology []n. 音位学.语音体系phrase []n. 短语.词组pidgin []n.1. (并用两种或多种语言的)混杂语.洋泾浜语2.事儿plosion []n】爆破发音.爆破plosive []n.a.破裂音(的)plural []a.复数的pluralism []n.1.兼职.兼任2.多重性.多元论plurality []n.1. 复数.多数.多重性2.复数(形式) polysyllabic []a. 多音节的Portugese 葡萄牙语positive transfer 正移转possessive []a.1.拥有的.占有的2.所属关系的.所有格的postdeterminer 后限定词pragmatic []a.1. 实际的.实干的2. 实用主义的pragmatics 语用学Prague School 布拉格学派predeterminer 前限定词predicate []n..谓语.述部a.谓语的.述部的prefix []n.字首.前缀(人名前的)称谓premodifier 前修饰语preposition []n.1.介词.前置词prepositional []a.. 介词的.前置词的prepositional phrase 介词短语prescriptive []a. 规定的.因时效而获得的presupposition []n.预想.假定.前提primary []a. 首要的.主要的priva principle []n. 原则.原理process 过程pro-form 代词形式;替代形式pronominal []a. 代词的pronoun 代词pronunciation 发音pronunciation dictionary 发音词典proposition 命题prosodic []a. 作诗法的.韵律学的psycholinguistics 心理语言学psycholinguistic-sociolinguistic approach 心理-社会语言学方法pulmonic []a. 肺病的pulmonic sound 肺闭塞音Putonghua 普通话Qquality 质量quality maxim 质量准则quantity 数量quantity maxim 数量准则quantifier 数量词quantitative analysis 定量分析quantitative paradigm 数量变化表quatrain []n. 四行诗quirk []n.1. 突然的转变2. 字的花体3. 怪癖4. 借口Rrange 范围rank 级rationalism 理性主义raw data 原始素材R-based implicature 基于关联的涵义realisation 体现received pronunciation. RP 标准发音receiver 受话者;信息接受者recency effectrecognition 识别recursion []n.【数】递回.递回式.循环.可溯recursive []a.】递归的.可溯的;还原的recursiveness 递归性reference 所指参照referential []a.1 指示的所指的reflexive []n..反身动词.反身代词a.反身的regional dialect 地域方言register []n.语域regressive []a.1.后退的.逆行的.退化的2. 回归的relative clause 关系分句.关系从句relative pronoun 关系代词relative uninterruptibility 相对的非间断性relevance theory 关联理论reliability 信度repetition 重复residue []n.残余.剩余.剩余成分restricted []a. 受限制的.被限定的restricted language 限制性语言retrieval []n.1. 取回.恢复2. 纠正.补偿检索retroflex []a.1. 反折的.后翻的2. 卷舌(音)的n. 卷舌音reverse rhyme 反陨rhyme 韵;韵角;压韵rhythm 韵律;节奏role 角色root 词根root morpheme 词根语素round vowel 圆元音rules of language 语言规则Ssameness relation 相同关系Sanskrit []n. 梵文.梵语a. 梵文的.梵语的Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 萨丕尔-沃夫假设Saussure 索绪尔scale of delicacy 精密阶schema []n.1. 轮廓.概要.略图2.先验图式3.图式second language acquisition 第二语言习得secondary cardinal vowel 次要基本元音secondary stress 次重音segment []n.语流中的一个音素(或单个音)selection restriction 选择限制selectional rules 选择规则self-reflexive 自反身semantic []a.. 语义的.语义学的semantic triangle 语义三角semantics 语义学semi-consonant 半辅音semiotic []a.1.符号学的2.症状的semiotics 符号学semi-vowel 半元音sense 意义sentence 句子sentence fragments 句子成分sentence meaning 句义sentence memory 句子记忆sentence stress 句重音sentence structure 句子结构sentential calculus 句子演算setting 场景sibilant []a.1.丝丝作响的2.发丝音的n.1.丝丝音2.发丝音辅音sign 符号signified 所指.受指signifier 能指.施指simile []n. (修辞)直喻.明喻simultaneity 同时性singular 单数slot 空缺soft palate 软腭sonnet 十四行诗sonorant []n..响音sonority []n.1. 响亮2. (声音的)响亮程度sound 语音Spanish 西班牙语Speaker 说话者speech 言语spelling 拼写.拼法split infinitives 分裂的不定式spoken corpus 口语语料库spoken language 口语spondee []n.扬扬格spoonerism []n.斯本内现象(即字音的无意互换现象) Standard English 标准英语standardization 标准化statistical analysis 统计分析status 地位stem 词干stimulus 刺激stimulus-response 刺激反应stop 闭塞音stratification []n.成层.阶层的形成stress 重音structure 结构stylistics 文体学subcategorize 次范畴subject 主语subject-deletion 主语省略subjectivity 主观性subjunctive []a.虚拟的n.虚拟语气subordinate construction 从属结构subordination 从属substitutability 替代性substitution 替换suffix 后缀superlative degree 最高级superordinate 上坐标词suprasegmental feature超语段特征syllabic []a.1. 音节的.构成音节的n.音节主音syllabification []n.1. (语音)分音节2. 分音节法syllable []n. 音节syllabus []n. 教学大纲.课程大纲2.要目syllogism []n.1.三段论.演绎推理2.推断3.诡辩.狡辩symbol 符号synchronic []a. 同时的.共时的synonym []n. 同义字.类义字(分类学中的)同物异名synonymous []a. 同义的.同义词性质的synonymy []n. 同义.同义词研究syntax []n.语法.句法2. (组成部分的)有条理(或系统)的排列syntactic []a. 按照句法的.句法的Ttacit []a1. 缄默的.不说话的2. 不明言的.默示的tacit knowledge 默契的知识tagmeme []n.法位.序位tagmemics 法位学tautology []n. 同义反复.重复.赘述template []n. 模块tense vowel 紧元音tense 时态tetrameter []n. 四音步诗行text 语篇textual 语篇功能theme []n. 1.论题.话题.题目2.主题.主题思想.题材3.词干.主位tone 声调.音调tongue height 舌高tongue position 舌位tongue tip 舌尖topic 主题trace theory 轨迹论transcription []n. 1.抄写.誊写2.副本音标.标音transfer 移转transformation 转换transitivity []n.动词的及物性trill []n.颤音trochee []n.扬抑格.长短格trope []n.转义.比喻truth condition 真值条件truth value 真值tu/vous distinction 你/您区别turn length 话语轮次长度turn quantity 话语轮次数量turn-taking 依次发言two-place predicate 二位谓语two-word utterance 二词话语typology 类型学UUnaspirated 不松气的underlying form 底层形式underlying representation 底层表达uninterruptibility 非中断性universal quantifier 普遍限量词universal 普遍现象universality 普遍性universals of language 语言的普遍现象unmarked 未标记的unrounded vowel 非圆元音urban dialectology 都市方言学utterance []n.1.发声.表达2.说话方式.语调3言辞.言论.话语utterance meaning 语句意义uvula []n. 悬雍垂.小舌uvular []a.小舌的.小舌音的Vvalidity 效度variable 可变化的variable word 可变化词variation变异variety 变体;语体velar []a.1膜的2.软颚音的n. 软颚音velarization 腭音化velum []n.1.软颚2.菌膜.缘膜verb 动词verb phrase 动词短语verbal communication 言语交际verbal process 言语过程verbiage []n.1. 废话.冗词2. 用语.措词vernacular []n.本国语.本地话.方言.行话.日常用语.白话vernacular language education 本地化教育vocabulary 词汇vocal []a.声的.声音的.元音的.浊音的n.元音.浊音vocal cord 声带vocal organ 发音器官vocal tract 声道vocative []a. 称呼的.呼格的n.呼格voice 语态voiced consonant 浊辅音voiced obstruent 浊塞音voiced (sound) 浊音voiceless consonant 清辅音voiceless obstruent 清塞音voiceless(sound) 清音voicing 浊音化,有声化vowel []n. 1.元音2. 元音字母vowel glide 元音音渡WWh-interrogative 特殊疑问句women register 女性语域.word 词word class 词类word formation 词语形成word group 词组word meaning 词义word order 词序word recognition 词语识别word formation 词语形成word-for-word 逐词翻译wording []n. 措辞.用语written language 书面语written text 篇章XY ZYes--no interrogative 是非问句yes--no question 是非问句zero 零.零形式zeugma []n. 轭式搭配,轭式修饰法..。
汉语言文学专业 语言学概论复习资料
第二章语言是符号系统,这句话概括了语言本身的性质和特点。
语言符号的性质和特点:(书本21页)第二节语言符号的系统性:①语言符号的任意性和线条性;②语言符号的层次体系;③组合关系和聚合关系。
第三章语音和音系的最小线性单位——音素和音位。
(最小的语音单位)音素(概念):音素是从音质角度划分出来的最小线性单位,是用对比的方法从音节中切分出来的。
音素的不同取决于音质的不同,i和ü音质不同,所以是两个音素。
音位(概念):是从语音的社会属性和语音在具体语言中的作用角度,划分出来的最小线性单位,在特定语言或方言中具有区别词的语音形式、进而区别意义作用,分为音质音位和非音质音位两种类型。
国际音标(记音):记录音素的标写符号叫音标,音标中最通行的是“国际音标”。
元音(舌位图):(书本55页)辅音(有哪些):(书本57页)元音和辅音的主要区别:①功能上:元音能自成音节,辅音通常不能。
②物理上(发音特点):1、发元音时,气流通过声门使声带发生振动,发音器官的其他部位不形成任何阻碍,因而气流通过咽腔、口腔时畅通无阻。
发辅音时,都是在发音器官的某一部位造成阻碍,呼出的气流只有克服这种阻碍才能发出音来。
2、发元音时,发音器官的各部分保持均衡的紧张。
发辅音时,声道形成阻碍的那一部分器官特别紧张。
如:发“东”(dōng)中的d时,只有对着齿龈的舌尖部位特别紧张。
3、发元音时,呼出的气流畅通无阻,因而气流较弱。
发辅音时,呼出的气流必须克服某种阻碍才能通过口腔或鼻腔,因而气流较强。
第四节对立关系:两个音素在周围的音都相同的环境下独立承担区别词的语音形式的作用,叫做“对立关系”。
互补关系:在英语里,[p]出现的位置不会出现[p h],[p h]出现的位置不会出现[p],它们的出现环境互相补充,这叫做“互补关系”。
(与对立关系不同,互补关系的两个音不一定有区别词的语音形式的作用。
)第五节音位的聚合区别特征:具体语言中有区别音位的作用的发音特征,叫做该语言的区别特征。
电大本科汉语言文学英语II试题及答案重点
中央广播电视大学 - 第二学期”开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ(1) 试题注意事项7月一、将你的学号、姓名及分校( 工作站) 名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
考试结束后, 把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。
试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。
一、仔细阅读题目的说明, 并按题目要求答题。
答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上, 写在试卷上的答案无效。
三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题, 使用铅笔答题无效。
第一部分交际用语( 共计10分, 每小题2分) 、 71-5小题: 阅读下面的小对话, 从A\B\C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
1.- What subjects are you studying?-------------A. Yes, I'm studying historyB. I'm studying philosophyC.I'm doing my homework2.- May I help you, madam?_________________.A.Sorry,I have no ideaB. You'd better give me a handC. Yes, I'd like 2 kilos of orange3.- Well, Mary, how are you? ‘---------------一.A.I'm goodB.I'm niceC.I'm fine4.- Hello, could I speak to Don please?——?A.Who's speakingB.Are you JaneC.Who are you5.- Excuse me, would you lend me your calculator?____________.B.Yes,I have a handA. Certainly. Here you areC.It~s nothing第二部分词汇与结构( 20分, 每小题2分)6-15小题: 阅读下面的句子, 从A.B.C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
电大本科汉语言文学英语II试题及答案重点
中央广播电视大学 - 第二学期”开放本科”期末考试英语Ⅱ(1) 试题注意事项7月一、将你的学号、姓名及分校( 工作站) 名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。
考试结束后, 把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。
试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。
一、仔细阅读题目的说明, 并按题目要求答题。
答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上, 写在试卷上的答案无效。
三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题, 使用铅笔答题无效。
第一部分交际用语( 共计10分, 每小题2分) 、 71-5小题: 阅读下面的小对话, 从A\B\C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
1.- What subjects are you studying?-------------A. Yes, I'm studying historyB. I'm studying philosophyC.I'm doing my homework2.- May I help you, madam?_________________.A.Sorry,I have no ideaB. You'd better give me a handC. Yes, I'd like 2 kilos of orange3.- Well, Mary, how are you? ‘---------------一.A.I'm goodB.I'm niceC.I'm fine4.- Hello, could I speak to Don please?——?A.Who's speakingB.Are you JaneC.Who are you5.- Excuse me, would you lend me your calculator?____________.B.Yes,I have a handA. Certainly. Here you areC.It~s nothing第二部分词汇与结构( 20分, 每小题2分)6-15小题: 阅读下面的句子, 从A.B.C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇分析解析
汉语言文学专业英语词汇分析解析汉语言文学专业词汇(英文版)felix2021-01-0716:31:09现代文学:contemporaryliterature大众文学:popularliterature报告文学:reportage批判主义:criticism伊索寓言:aesop`sfables希腊文化:hellenism形而上学:metaphysis孔子学说:confucian喜怒哀乐:pleasureangersorrowjoy发源地:source爱美剧:amateur修辞学:rhetoric语音学:phonetic助动词:auxiliaryverb感叹词:interjection连接词:linkword逻辑词:logicalword里程碑:milestone拉丁语:latin田园诗:idyl无名氏:annymousperson真善美:truthgoodnessbeauty英语分类词汇:文学有关词汇classicalliterature古典文学contemporaryliterature现代文学popularliterature大众文学lightliterature通俗文学folklore民间文学saga(river)novel长篇小说shortnovel,longshortstory中篇小说shortstory短篇小说lovestory爱情小说deterctivestory侦破小说mysterystory怪诞小说whodunit推理小说humorousstory幽默小说historicalnovel历史小说essay随笔bookoftravels游记reportage报告文学criticism评论bestseller畅销书anthology全集copyright版权,著作权deluxebinding精装flatstitching平装smythsewed线装humanities人文学科writer作家book书volume卷thethreeunities三一律(一个情节,一个地点,一个时间)playwright编剧act幕scene场plot情节appendix1aglossaryoflinguistictermsaabbreviation[]n.简写.简写词.科唇ablative[]n.动名词a.动名词的absolute[]a.单一制的.单一制成分absoluteclause单一制从句abstractnouns抽象名词adjective[]n.形容词a.形容词的adjunct[]n.附加语.修饰语.修饰成分adnominal[]a.(定语)修饰名词的.形容词的.形容名词的adverb[]n.副词;状语adverbial[]a.副词的,作副词用的adversative[]a.反意的.相反的n.反义字(转折语)affirmative[]n.肯定词.肯定语affix[]n1.附加物.添加物2.字缀.词缀(affixhopping词缀跳跃)affixation[]n.附加.附加法.词缀附加法affricate[]n.塞擦音agent(agentive)施事agreement[]n.(人称.性别.数.格的)一致airstream[]n.气流alliteration[]n.头韵(法)allomorph[]n.同质异形体.词.语素变体allophone[]n.同位音.音位变体allophonicvariation音位变体alveolar[]n.齿龈音,齿槽音.alveolarridge齿龈ambiguity[ambiguous歧义的anacoluthon[]n.含混,歧义]n.发生改变观点.错格.句法结构前后不一anadiplosis[]n.反复法.顶真analogical[]a.类似的.类推的analogicalcreation类推造字anapaest[]n.抑抑扬格.弱弱强格.短短长格anaphora[]n.复指.首语(句)重复法annotation[]n.注释.注解antecedent[]n.(关系代词的)先行词antithesis[]n.1.对立面;矛盾2.(修辞学)对语,对偶,对句antonomasia[]n.代称,称谓替代antonym[]n.反义词,反义现象aphorism[]n.格言.警句.箴言aposiopesis[]n.话语中断,骂人中断法apostrophe[]n.1.呼语2.竖钩号3.省略符号4.所有格符号appellative[]a.1.名称的2.俗称的n.俗称名词.普通名词apposition[]n.1.同位语2.棘劫appropriateness[]n.庄重.适宜.适度.为重arbitrariness[]n.任意性archaism[]n.古体,拟古,古语argot[]n.行语,暗语,黑话article[]n.冠词articulation[]n.(确切的)发音.收到的(辅)音.发音动作articulator[]n.1.发音确切的人或物2.发音器官articulatory[]a.发音准确的.与发音有关的aside片头,私语,离题话aspect[]n.(动词的)体.时态.时间aspirated[]a.伴有h音的.送气音的.吐气.送气assimilation[]n.同化aureate[]a.绚丽的(--diction,绚丽辞令cstyle绚丽体)assonance[]n.1.谐音2.(诗的)准押韵.半谐音attributive[]a.1.归属的.属性的2.定语的n.定语auxiliary[]a.辅助的.附属的.从属的n.助词auxiliaryverb助动词bback-formation逆构词法baseform基础形式behaviouralprocess行为过程behaviourism行为主义bilabial[]a.双唇音的n.双唇音bilabialnasal双唇鼻音bilateral[]a.双边的.双边音bilateralopposition双边对立。
汉语言文学专业英语词汇
masterpiece杰作
copyright版权,著作权
deluxe binding精装
flat stitching平装
smyth sewed线装
humanities人文学科
writer作家
book书
volume卷
theatre戏剧(美作:theater)
drama话剧
annotation [ ]n.注解.注释
antecedent [ ]n. (关系代词的)先行词
antithesis [ ]n. 1.对立面;对立2. (修辞学)对语,对偶,对句
antonomasia [ ]n.代称,称呼替换
antonym [ ]n.反义词,反义现象
aphorism [ ]n.格言.警句.箴言
block language块语、标题式语言(有限语境中使用缩略结构如No smoking)
borrow(ing)借用.借词
bound clause粘附句
bound morpheme粘着语素
bounding theory界限理论
bracketing括号法
broad transcription宽式音标
command [ ]命令(句)
commissive承诺语
common普通的.共同的(--- core共核)(--- noun普通名词)
comparative [ ] a比较的.比较级的
competence [ ]n.语言能力
complement(ation)补语
complementary互补.相反
basic form基本形式
behaver行为者
behavioural process行为过程
西北师范大学继续教育学院期末考试试卷汉语言文学英语
西北师范大学继续教育学院期末考试试卷汉语言文学英语1、We can see ______ stars at night if it doesn’t rain. [单选题] *A. a thousand ofB. thousandsC. thousand ofD. thousands of(正确答案)2、He has bought an unusual car. [单选题] *A. 平常的B. 异常的(正确答案)C. 漂亮的D. 废弃的3、John will go home as soon as he _______ his work. [单选题] *A. finishB. will finishC. finishedD. finishes(正确答案)4、We can _______ some information about this city on the Internet. [单选题] *A. look up(正确答案)B. look likeC. look afterD. look forward to5、10.﹣Could you please sweep the floor?I’m going to cook dinner.﹣__________.I’ll do it at once,Mom.[单选题] *A.I’m afraid notB.You’re kiddingC.It’s a shameD.My pleasure(正确答案)6、They went out in spite of rain. [单选题] *A. 因为B. 但是C. 尽管(正确答案)D. 如果7、_______ your parents at home last week? [单选题] *A. IsB. WasC. AreD. Were(正确答案)8、For more information, please _______ us as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. confidentB. confidenceC. contact(正确答案)D. concert9、You might not like the way Sam behaves, but please be kind to him. _____, he is your grandfather. [单选题] *A. After all(正确答案)B. Above allC. In allD. At all10、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off11、The manager demanded that all employees _____ on time. [单选题] *A. be(正确答案)B. areC. to beD. would be12、I can’t hear you _______. Please speak a little louder. [单选题] *A. clearly(正确答案)B. lovelyC. widelyD. carelessly13、My sister gave me a _______ at my birthday party. [单选题] *A. parentB. peaceC. patientD. present(正确答案)14、40.—________ apples do we need to make fruit salad?—Let me think…We need three apples. [单选题] *A.How longB.How oftenC.How muchD.How many(正确答案)15、( ) The Great Wall was listed by the UNESCO as ___ World Heritage Site. [单选题]*A. a(正确答案)B. theC.\D.an16、I've never been to Africa, but that is the place(). [单选题] *A. where I most want to visitB. in which I most want to visitC. I most want to visit(正确答案)D. that I want to visit it most17、76.AC Milan has confirmed that the England star David Beckham ()the team soon. [单选题] *A. has rejoinedB. was going to rejoinC. rejoinedD. is to rejoin(正确答案)18、She found her wallet()she lost it. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whenC. in whichD.that19、We have ______ homework today. ()[单选题] *A. too manyB. too much(正确答案)C. much tooD. very much20、—_____ will the bus arrive? —In four minutes. [单选题] *A. How longB. How oftenC. How soon(正确答案)D. How far21、—What ______ your sister ______ this Saturday?—Something special, because it’s her birthday. ()[单选题] *A. are; going to doB. is; going to do(正确答案)C. does; doD. did do22、The green shorts are _______ sale for $[单选题] *A. forB. on(正确答案)C. atD. with23、My friend and classmate Selina()running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking24、86.—? ? ? ? ? ? ?will it take me to get to the Golden Street?—About half an hour. [单选题]*A.How farB.How long(正确答案)C.How oftenD.How much25、I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy _____. [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. oneC. thisD. that26、Galileo was ____ Italian physicist and astronomer who invented _____ telescope. [单选题] *A. a, aB. the, theC. an, aD. an, the(正确答案)27、Its’time to go to bed. _______ your computer, please. [单选题] *A. Turn onB. Turn inC. Turn off(正确答案)D. Turn down28、The black coal there shows a sharp()white snow. [单选题] *A. contract withB. content withC. contact toD. contrast to(正确答案)29、How lovely a day,()? [单选题] *A. doesn't itB. isn't it(正确答案)C.shouldn't itD.hasn't it30、_____ the project, we'll have to work two more weeks. [单选题] *A. CompletingB. CompleteC. Having completedD.To complete(正确答案)。
汉语言文学
汉语言文学(Chinese Language and Literature)一、培养目标坚持厚基础、宽口径的原则,努力培养具有深厚的人文素养、坚实的专业知识、开阔的国际视野、较强的创新能力和竞争能力,能够从事地方高等院校、中等职业技术学校、重点中学的教学与管理工作,从事党政机关、企事业单位、文化教育部门、新闻出版,以及相关科研院所机构的管理与研究工作,并积极适应社会发展和社会多方面需要的高素质未来精英人才。
二、培养要求本专业要求学生必须系统牢固地掌握中国语言文学的专业知识,以及与之相关的学科知识。
首先,必须完整系统地修读专业学科基础课程,这是中文学科专业培养的核心教育教学资源。
其次,必须有重点有步骤地修读语言类与文学类的专业方向课程。
这两类课程围绕创新性、复合型人才的培养目标,具有前沿性、创新性、研究性突出的特点。
要求学生在修读的基础上,培育学术创新意识、提高学术研究能力。
学生还应修读若干与中文学科相关的专业课程,参与专业实习与社会实践,不断拓宽眼界。
学生还应认真学习学校通识课程,促进全面发展。
熟练掌握外语和计算机技术,外语应达到国家英语六级或学校学位英语水平。
三、主干学科中国语言文学四、核心课程通识教育课(A类)(任选6学分):四书精读、《史记》选读、唐诗选读、宋词选读、汉字与中国古代文化、汉语与社会应用、中国文化概论学科基础课(36学分):古代汉语、汉字学、现代汉语、语言学入门、《诗经》精读、《文选》精读、中国古代文学史概论、中国现代文学史、中国现代文学经典名著、中国当代文学史、外国文学概论、比较文学概论、中国古代文论原典精读、文学概论、民间文学概论、语文教育学五、主要实践性教学环节实践与创新模块修读8学分,包括专业实习或社会调查、毕业论文、社会实践或科研创新等三个环节。
1、专业实习或社会调查为2学分。
通过开展与专业培养内容相关的专业实习或社会调查取得该学分。
2、毕业论文为4学分。
通过论文撰写和答辩取得该学分。
语言学 期末复习资料 整理版
Chapter one Introduction一、定义1.语言学LinguisticsLinguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2.普通语言学General LinguisticsThe study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics.3.语言languageLanguage is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。
4.识别特征Design FeaturesIt refers to the defining poperties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。
Arbitrariness任意性Productivity多产性Duality双重性Displacement移位性Cultural transmission文化传递⑴arbitrarinessThere is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.P.S the arbitrary nature of language is a sign of sophistication and it makes it possible for language to have an unlimited source of expressions⑵ProductivityAnimals are quite limited in the messages they are able to send.⑶DualityLanguage is a system, which consists of two sets of structures ,or two levels.⑷DisplacementLanguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.⑸Cultural transmissionHuman capacity for language has a genetic basis, but we have to be taught and learned the details of any language system. this showed that language is culturally transmitted. not by instinct. animals are born with the capacity to produce the set of calls peculiar to their species.5.语言能力CompetenceCompetence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.6.语言运用performancePerformance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.语言运用是所掌握的规则在语言交际中的体现。
英语语言学期末考试重点
第一章1.What is language?Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication2.Design features of language①Arbitrariness(任意性)refers to the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. (sounds and meanings)②Duality(二层性):The property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.③Productivity/creativity(创造性):Language is productive in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.④Displacement(移位性):Human Languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present (in time and space) at moment of communication. (p7)3.Functions of language① Informative(信息功能): to give information about facts. (ideational)②Interpersonal(人际功能): to establish and maintain social status in a society.(age, sex, language, background, accent, status)③Performative(施为功能) : language is used to do things, to perform certain actions. (name, promise, apologize, sorry, declare)④. Emotive/Expressive (情感功能): to express feelings and attitudes of the speaker.⑤Phatic communion(寒暄交流) : to use small and meaningless expressions to establish a comfortable relationship or maintain social contact between people without any factual content. (health, weather)⑥ Recreational function(娱乐): the use of language for sheer joy. (lyrics, poetry)⑦Metalingual function(元语言功能): to talk about language itself.4. What is linguistics?Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.5. Important distinctions in linguisticsDescriptive & prescriptiveSynchronic & diachronicLangue & paroleCompetence & performance6.Descriptive(描写/述性)—describe and analyze linguistic facts or the language people actually use (modern linguistic)Prescriptive(规定性)—lay down rules for “correct and standard” linguistic behavior in using language (traditional grammar: “never use a double negative”)7.Synchronic study (共时)—description of a language at some point of time (modern linguistics) Diachronic study (历时)—description of a language as it changes through time (historical development of language over a period of time)第四章1.What is Syntax (句法)?Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to formsentences.句法就是研究语言的不同成分组成句子的规则2.Four Approaches :The traditional approach传统语言观(Parts of speech、Syntactic Function 不考、Category范畴、Concord and government一致关系和支配关系)、The structural approach 结构语言观、The generative approach、The functional approach功能语言观3.The traditional grammar regards sentences as a sequence of words , so it pays great attention to the study of words , such as the classification of words in terms of parts of speech , the identification of function of words in terms of subject, predicate , etc.4. Parts of speechTraditional grammar defines 8 parts of speech: nouns, verbs, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions and interjections.5.The term Category范畴in some approaches refers to word classes and functions in its narrow sense,范畴这一术语狭义上是指词类和功能eg. Noun, Verb, Subject, Predicate. More specifically, it refers to the defining properties of these general units:the categories of the noun名词的范畴, include number, gender, case and countability(case); the categories of the verb动词的范畴: tense, aspect, voice, etc.6.Number is mostly a category of the noun and pronoun名词和不可数名词.Two terms of number in nouns: singular and plural单数和复数Number is also reflected in the inflections of pronouns and verbs7. Gender is also mostly a category of the noun and pronoun.In English, the gender distinctions are on the whole natural, determined by the biological genderof the creature.8. Case is used in the analysis of word classes to identify the syntactic relationship between wordsin a sentence.在词类分析中,格范畴用来辨别句子中词之间的句法关系In English, pronouns have three cases of nominative主格, accusative受格, and genitive与格. Nouns have two of general and genitive所有格In English, the case of noun is realized in three channels:(a) inflection(b) following a preposition(c) word order9. Tense时态: the absolute location of an event or action on time. It is marked by an inflection ofthe verb. As a result, there are only two tenses recognized now: past and present.Since the future time does not involve any inflection of the verb, we do not refer to a “future tense”, even though in many different ways we can talk about the future.10. Aspect体: It has nothing with time, and it tells us whether an action is ongoing or completed. Perfective(完成体)and Imperfective(进行体)Perfective and Progressive (in English)11. Voice语态: describe the relationship between verb and subjectPassive被动语态and active主动语态12. Concord and government①Concord (一致关系) refers to agreement between words, especially between a verb and the subject of a sentence.②Government (支配关系) is a type of grammatical relationship between two or more elements in a sentence.In traditional grammar, the term government has typically been used to refer to the relationship between verbs and nouns or between prepositions and nouns.13.The Structural Approach ,由Ferdinand de Saussure提出14.Syntactic Relations:Positional relations位置关系、Relations of substitutability替代关系、Relations of co-occurrence同现关系15.Immediate constituent (直接成分)is any meaningful constituent at the first step in an analysis.16.An endocentric construction(向心结构) is a construction that contains:1) a head, which is the single obligatory element in the construction;2) one or more optional elements subordinate to the head.17.theme(主位) refers to the known information which is not new to the reader or listenerRheme(述位)refers to the information that is new. The new information is what is to be transmitted to the reader or listenerThe linguists of the Prague school believed that sentence may be analyzed from the functional side as well as the grammatical side.subject, predicate (grammatical side)theme, rheme (functional side)第五章1. What is Semantics?Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences.语义学是研究单词、短语和句子的意义的学科2.Geoffrey Leech利奇Seven types of meaning7种意义类型:①Conceptual meaning概念意义②Connotative meaning内涵意义③Social meaning社会意义④Affective meaning 感情意义Associative Meaning联想意义(②——⑥)⑤Reflected meaning反射意义⑥Collocative meaning搭配意义⑦Thematic meaning主位意义3.Conceptual meaning(概念意义) is also called “denotative”(外延义)and it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it refers to.概念意义也叫外延义,它关注词语跟它所指称事物之间的联系Conceptual meaning is meaning given in the dictionary.4.Associative meaning (联想意义) is the total of all the meanings a person thinks of when they hear the wordAssociative meaning is the meaning which a word suggests or implies.5.Thematic meaning (主位意义) is “what is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis.”它是由词序和词语重音所决定的6. The Referential Theory(指称理论):① The Referential Theory② The Semantic Triangle③ Sense and Reference7.The referential theory指称理论is the theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to.指称论是把词语意义跟它所指称的事物联系起来的理论8. The semantic triangle语意三角is the indirect relation between a word and a thing it refers to and it is mediated by concept.语意三角指词和所指事物之间没有直接关系,它们是以概念为中介的9.Sense (涵义) is a set of properties possessed by a name.10.Reference (指称) is the symbolic relationship that a linguistic expression has with the concrete object.11. The sense of an expression is the thought it expresses, while its reference is the object it representsEvery word has a sense, but not every word has a reference.12. Sense Relations涵义关系①Synonymy(同义关系)②Antonymy(反义关系)(Gradable、Complementary、Converse)③Hyponymy(上下义关系)13.But total synonymy is rare. They may differ in style, connotations and dialect.14.Gradable antonymy (等级反义关系) 、Complementary antonymy (互补反义关系)、Converse antonymy (反向反义关系)15. Componential analysis is an approach to the study of meaning which analyses a word into a set of meaning components.16. Sentence Meaning17. Sense relations between sentences① Synonymity (同义)a. He was a bachelor all his life.b. He never married all his boy.Sentences a and b are in a synonymous relationship: the truth of one sentence necessarily implies the truth of another sentence②Inconsistency(矛盾)a. Elizabeth II is Queen of England.b. Elizabeth II is a man.Sentences a and b are in a relationship of contradiction: the truth of one sentence necessarily implies the falseness of another sentence.③Entailment (蕴涵)a. He married a blonde heiress.b. He married a blonde.Entailment refers to a kind of meaning inclusion. If x entails y, the meaning of x is included in y.④Presupposition(前提预设)It is what a speaker or writer assumes that the receiver of the message already knows.⑤Contradiction(矛盾)⑥Semantic anomaly(语义反常)18. An integrated theory﹡Compositionality(组合性原则):the meaning of a sentence depends on the meaning of the constituent words and the way they are combined.﹡This semantic theory is the integration of syntax and semantics﹡Their basic idea is that a semantic theory consists of two parts: a dictionary and a set of projection rules﹡The dictionary provides the grammatical classification and semantic information of words﹡The projection rules are responsible for combining the meanings of words together.19.Logical semantics(逻辑语义学)﹡A proposition(命题) is what is to be expressed by a declarative sentence when that sentence is uttered to make a statement.﹡It is the basic meaning which a sentence express.﹡A very important property of the proposition is that it has a truth value.第八章1.What is PragmaticsPragmatics is the study of language in context / use / communication.2 Semantics and PragmaticsSimilarity:Pragmatics and semantics are both linguistic study of meaningDifference:Semantic meaning: the more constant, inherent side of meaning ;Pragmatic meaning: the more indeterminate, the more closely related to context ;Pragmatic = meaning - semantics 3.Three Contents :Speech Act Theory、The Theory of Conversational Implicature、Post-Gricean Developments4.Speech Act Theory(言语行为理论):①Performatives and Constatives② A theory of the illocutionary act5.The utterance which performs an act is called a performative(行事话语)。
英语专业期末知识总结
英语专业期末知识总结1. IntroductionThe English major is an interdisciplinary field of study that encompasses various aspects of literature, linguistics, and cultural studies. It requires a strong command of the English language, critical thinking skills, and a deep understanding of literary and cultural theories. This review aims to summarize the key topics and concepts that have been covered throughout the course.2. Literature2.1 Literary Periods- Medieval Literature: A period that covers works produced from the fall of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the Renaissance. Key works include Beowulf and the Canterbury Tales.- Renaissance Literature: Characterized by a renewed interest in classical works and humanism. Key writers include William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe.- Romanticism: An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe, emphasizing individualism, imagination, and emotions.- Victorian Literature: Literature produced during the reign of Queen Victoria, characterized by a focus on morality, social issues, and realism.- Modernism: A movement that emerged in the early 20th century, challenging traditional forms and exploring new narrative techniques.2.2 Literary Theory- Formalism: Focuses on an in-depth analysis of the literary text itself, including its structure, language, and style.- Marxism: Analyzes literature from a socioeconomic perspective, exploring how class struggles and power dynamics shape literary works.- Feminism: Examines literature through a feminist lens, addressing gender inequalities and female representation in literary texts.- Postcolonialism: Studies the cultural, social, and political impact of colonialism and imperialism on literature and society.- Psychoanalytic Criticism: Applies psychological theories to the interpretation of literary works, particularly focusing on the unconscious desires and motivations of characters.3. Linguistics3.1 Phonetics and Phonology- Phonetics: The study of speech sounds and their production.- Phonology: The study of the organization and patterns of speech sounds in a particular language.- International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA): A system of phonetic notation that represents the sounds of spoken language.3.2 Morphology and Syntax- Morphology: The study of the internal structure and formation of words.- Syntax: The study of the structure and arrangement of words in phrases and sentences. 3.3 Semantics and Pragmatics- Semantics: The study of meaning in language.- Pragmatics: The study of how context influences the interpretation of meaning in language.4. Cultural Studies4.1 Cultural Identity- National Identity: The sense of belonging and identification with a particular nation or country.- Gender Identity: One's personal sense of their own gender, which may or may not correspond with their biological sex.- Ethnic Identity: The identification with and sense of belonging to a particular ethnic or cultural group.4.2 Popular Culture- Popular Culture Studies: Examines the everyday cultural practices and artifacts that shape and reflect society, such as music, fashion, and film.- Media Studies: Analyzes the role and influence of media in society, including television, film, and digital platforms.4.3 Postmodernism- Postmodernism: A movement that challenges traditional ideas and structures, emphasizing fragmentation, irony, and self-reflexivity.5. ConclusionThis review provides a comprehensive summary of the key topics and concepts covered in the English major curriculum. It is crucial for English majors to have a solid understanding of literature, linguistics, and cultural studies in order to critically analyze and interpret texts and cultural phenomena. By familiarizing themselves with the various literary periods, theories, and linguistic principles, English majors can develop a well-rounded perspective and contribute to the field of English studies.。
汉语言文学的英语
汉语言文学的英语English:Chinese language and literature holds a unique place in the world of literature. With a history dating back thousands of years, Chinese literature encompasses a rich tapestry of poetry, historical writings, philosophical treatises, and fiction. From ancient classics like the "Book of Songs" and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" to modern works by authors like Mo Yan and Yu Hua, Chinese literature has captivated readers with its depth, complexity, and cultural significance. Chinese language, with its intricate characters and poetic nuances, has also greatly influenced the literary world beyond its borders, leaving an indelible mark on global literature.中文翻译:汉语言文学在文学世界中占据着独特的地位。
拥有数千年历史的中国文学涵盖了丰富多彩的诗歌、历史著作、哲学论著和小说。
从古代经典作品《诗经》和《三国演义》到莫言和余华等现代作家的作品,中国文学以其深度、复杂性和文化意义吸引着读者。
实用英语语法知识点总结
实用英语语法知识点总结1. NounsA noun is a word that represents a person, place, thing, or idea. In English, nouns can be singular or plural, and they can be categorized as common nouns or proper nouns. Common nouns refer to general items, while proper nouns refer to specific names of people, places, or things.2. VerbsVerbs are words that express action or state of being. They form the basis of a sentence and are essential for conveying meaning. In English, verbs have different tenses (past, present, and future), and they can be regular or irregular. Regular verbs follow a consistent pattern in their conjugation, while irregular verbs do not.3. AdjectivesAdjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. They provide extra information about the noun they modify, such as its size, color, or quantity. Adjectives can be used to compare things, and they can be placed before or after the noun they modify.4. AdverbsAdverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They provide information about the manner, time, place, or frequency of an action. Adverbs can be formed by adding "-ly" to an adjective, and they can also be used to compare actions or qualities.5. PronounsPronouns are words that are used in place of nouns to avoid repetition. They can refer to a specific person, thing, or concept, and they can be categorized as personal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, reflexive pronouns, and relative pronouns.6. PrepositionsPrepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. They indicate direction, location, time, or manner, and they are usually followed by a noun or pronoun.7. ConjunctionsConjunctions are words that connect phrases, clauses, or sentences. They can be categorized as coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, or correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions join items of equal importance, while subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses.8. ArticlesArticles are words that are used to indicate whether a noun is specific or nonspecific. The English language has two types of articles: "the" (definite article) and "a" or "an" (indefinite article).9. Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-verb agreement refers to the matching of the subject and verb in a sentence. A singular subject requires a singular verb, while a plural subject requires a plural verb. It is important to pay attention to the number of the subject to ensure agreement with the verb.10. Sentence StructureEnglish sentences are typically structured in the order of subject-verb-object (SVO). However, variations in sentence structure can be used to achieve specific effects or to emphasize certain elements.11. TensesEnglish verbs have different tenses to indicate the time of an action or state. The most common tenses are past, present, and future, and they can be further categorized into simple, continuous, perfect, or perfect continuous.12. ModifiersModifiers are words or phrases that provide additional information about another word in a sentence. They can be adjectives or adverbs and are used to enhance the description of nouns and verbs.13. Parallel StructureParallel structure refers to using the same grammatical form for items in a list or series. This ensures that the sentence is balanced and clear, and it makes the writing more coherent and easy to understand.14. ConditionalsConditionals are sentences that express relationships between actions or events. They are formed using the words "if," "when," "unless," and others, and they can express different levels of certainty or possibility.15. Passive VoiceThe passive voice is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed by using the verb "to be" and the past participle of the main verb, and it can be useful for shifting focus in a sentence.16. Reported SpeechReported speech is used to report what someone has said. It involves a change in tense and pronouns, and it is important to remember the rules for shifting from direct speech to reported speech.17. Modal VerbsModal verbs express ideas such as possibility, necessity, permission, or ability. They include words like "can," "could," "may," "might," "must," "should," and "would," and they are used to modify the meaning of other verbs in a sentence.18. Relative ClausesRelative clauses are used to provide more information about a noun in a sentence. They begin with relative pronouns such as "who," "whom," "whose," "which," and "that," and they can be essential (defining) or nonessential (non-defining).By understanding and applying these grammar points, you can improve your English language skills and communicate more effectively in both spoken and written English. Practice using these concepts in your speaking and writing, and pay attention to how native speakers use them in everyday language. With time and effort, you will become more confident and proficient in using English grammar correctly.。
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1.为方便起见,这些照片将按时间顺序展示。
For convenience, the photos will be shown in time sequence.2.货款一付,货物就会在你方便的时候运到。
Once the payment has been made, the goods will be delivered at yourconvenience.3.请给家里打个电话,告诉他们我正在回家(去公司)的路上。
Please dia l home and tell them I’m on the way home.(on the way to thecompany. )4.It seems ages since we heard from you—and even longer since you went to workin China.似乎很长时间没收到你的来信了,从你到中国工作时算起,到现在就更久了。
5.与其说他是位音乐家,倒不如说他是位诗人。
He is more of a poet than a musician.6.我们在过去的几个月里已经成功地加快了生产速度。
We have succeeded in speeding up the production rate in the past fewmonths.7.我建议你把这一笔钱存入银行。
I suggest that you make a deposit at the bank.8.Every day, about 128 million Americans log onto the Internet to use email, receivenews, access government information, conduct business, book travel reservations, and engage in other activities.每天,大约有一亿两千八百万美国人登录因特网使用电子邮件,接收新闻,获取政府信息,办理生意,预定机票酒店及从事其他活动。
9.Please rise together with me in offering our sincere wishes that the coming yearswill be filled peace, joy, happiness and love.请起立与我共同举杯,让我们衷心祝愿,未来的岁月将充满祥和、快乐、幸福和爱情。
10.This means that you can make the call again to the right number without havingto pay more money; or you can have the phone company mail you a credit coupon that has the same value as the phone call.这样您不必多付钱就可以重拨电话号码,或者您可以让电话公司给您邮一张话费相当的信用卡优惠券。
11.教育孩子的观念和做法因文化的差异而有所不同。
The conceptions and practices of child education vary from culture to culture.12.如果还有其他要求,请与客房经理联系。
If you have any additional requests or needs, please contact the resident manager.13.如遇紧急情况,请拨打报警电话110。
In case of emergency, please dial the alarm number 110.14.These benefits, however, have not come without a price.然而,这些好处也使人们付出了相应的代价。
15.If someone asks if you are free at a certain time and invites you to an event, you are not required to commit yourself until you know what the invitation is for.如果有人问你什么时间是否有空并邀请你参加某一活动,在你尚未弄清楚邀请的具体内容之前,你没有必要答应一定参加。
16.There we were, four friends zooming down the highway, unable to talk to one another because of a gadget designed to make communication easier.我们四位朋友坐在车里,飞驰在高速公路上,却因为有了那个被设计来方便通信的小玩意而不能相互交谈。
17.The fact that something is cheap doesn’t necessarily mean it’s of lowquality.东西便宜并不一定就意味着质量不好。
18.Businesses and professional services are listed in a special classified directory— the Yellow Pages.公司企业和专业服务机构的电话号码则列在特别的分类电话薄--- 黄页中。
The White Pages:The white pages of the American phone book list people and business and their phone numbers. People are listed by their last names.The Yellow PagesThe yellow pages of the American phone book list names, addresses, and phone numbers of businesses. Doctors, lawyers, and dentists are also found in the yellow pagesThe Blue Pages:The blue pages list numbers of federal government services, state offices, country offices, city offices and public schools.Pay Phone:A pay phone is a public telephone operated by inserting coins or credit cards.A: Good evening! Welcome to Village Inn. What can I do for youB: 1_______________________________. (我在这儿预定了房间。
)A: May I have your name, pleaseB: I’m Tom Addison.A: Yes, Mr. Addison. You’ve made a reservation for one single room.2______________________________ (我可以看一下您的护照吗)B: Here you are.A: 3_____________________________ (请您填一下这张登记表好吗)B: Here it is. Is it all rightA: Yes, thanks. 4______________________. (这是5012房的钥匙卡。
)B: Can I go to my room nowA: Sure, 5___________________________. (接待员会给您带路的。
)1.I have a reservation with you.2.May I have a look at your passport3.Would you please fill out the registration form4.Here is the key card to Room 5012.5.The bell-man will show you the way.A: 1____________________________ (网上聊天似乎很有趣,你试过吗)B: I recently have!A: 2 _________________________ (你觉得怎么样)B: I just love it. It’s the most exciting thing I’ve done.A: 3 __________________________ (真的吗怎么有趣)B: By chatting with keypals (键友), you can know a lot of new friends. Also, you can learn many funny abbreviations.A: 4 _________________ (你能列举一些吗)B: For example, “YTTT” means “You are telling the truth”, “YNK” means “You never know”, “YOYO” means “You are on your own”.A: 5 _________________________ (真有趣!我能找时间试试吗)B: Sure.1.Chatting online seems like fun, have you ever tried it2.How do you feel about it3.Oh, really What’s the fun of it4.Wow, can you name some of them5.How interesting! I should find some time to try it.A: Can I take your order now, sirB: Yes. 1 _______________________. (但我还没有看过菜单呢。
)A: I’ll show you one. Would you like Chinese food or Western food We have both. B: 2 _______________________. (我想品尝一下西餐。