英语国家社会与文化
英语国家社会与文化重点术语
英语国家社会与文化重点术语1. British Monarchy：英国君主制，指的是英国的君主制政府体制。
2. House of Commons：下议院，指的是英国主要立法机关之一，也是英国议会的两个部分之一。
3. House of Lords：上议院，指的是英国另外一个主要立法机关，也是英国议会的两个部分之一。
4. Prime Minister：首相，指的是英国执政党领导人，是英国内阁的首脑和政府的领导者。
5. Cabinet：内阁，指的是由首相挑选的政府部长组成的政府机构，决定英国政府的政策和行动。
6. Queen’s Speech：女王演讲，每年在英国的议会开幕时，由女王亲自发表的演讲。
7. Politics：政治，指的是社会维护社会稳定，调节社会关系，实现社会发展的活动过程。
8. Parliament：英国议会，是讨论和决定英国国家政策的高级立法机构，也是英国政府的最高权力机构。
9. Law：法律，规范国家内外秩序、保障国家和民族利益和权利的检测过程。
10. Constitution：宪法，是一国的政权体系以及公民权利和义务的根本法。
11. Human Rights：人权，指人们在代表国家的政府的保护下，享有的一系列的权利和自由。
12. Freedom of Expression：言论自由，指人民可以自由地表达自己的想法，不受任何形式压制。
13. National Identity：国家认同，指共同体中具有特定文化、语言、信仰等共同性的独特性，共同为国家特定历史、凝聚力和竞争力而努力。
14. Diversity：多样性，指的是不同文化、不同宗教、不同背景和不同选择等等，都在一起被尊重、受到容纳、并互相影响。
15. Multiculturalism：多元文化，指的是一个社会中的多种文化，有存在的多样性的社会。
16. Immigration：移民，指的是一个国家的人口在短时间内有显著的增长，或者将永久定居于其他国家的行为。
英语国家社会与文化知识要点汇总
Unit OneIntroduction& Unit 1The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英语国家社会与文化课程的主要内容与要求，了解文化的概念；同时对英国有一个总体上的了解。
教学意义:帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
教学重点:文化的概念；英国基本情况。
教学难点:英国概况教学方式：以电子课件为主，辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。
教学内容: (详见下页）1.什么是文化？2．英国国土与人民英国的不同名称及其区域3. 伦敦概况教学方法：采取教师教授为主，结合学生课堂讨论。
时间分配: What is culture? (10 分钟.);What’s th e relation between Culture and society? (10 分钟);Why should we learn culture (10 分钟);UK- a complicated country with a complicated name(40 分钟)A Brief Idea about London. (20 分钟)课堂板书:1. Culture-the foundation of communication2. The four parts of UK3. Main cities of EnglandLondonBirmingham-second largest city of England.Liverpool-second largest port of EnglandManchester- industrial and commercial centre.课后作业: Exercises in Unit 1Unit OnePart One1.What is culture?Culture-the foundation of communicationCulture is very abstract and complicated. Concretely speaking, it refers to all the aspects of social life, such as, the values, the practices of a society and social conventions, education, politics, art or literature,language,ideas,etc.文化即是人们所思,所言(言语和非言语),所为,所觉的总和.文化是无处不在的,具体说来,包括社会生活的一切方面,如:价值观念,生活行为方式,社会规范等,乃至艺术,政治,经济, 教育,修养,文学,语言,思想等.2. What’s the relation between Culture and society?1)Culture is a separate idea from society, although culture and society areinterrelated and cannot exist without each other.2)Culture is a system of values (or beliefs) and norms (or behaviour). A societyis a system of interrelationships which connect or bind individuals together.3. Why should we learn culture?1)Requirement of communication2) Language and culture are inseparable3)Culture acquisition is important for the study of literature.Part TwoUK- a complicated country with a complicated nameⅠStatus in the worldEffects of its Imperial Past--“an empire in which the sun never set”（日不落帝国）:1.one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding memberof NATO, and of the Commonwealth,2. Member of European Union and the Group of seven3.The make-up of the British population (Immigration has produced a populationof which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.)II. The effects of its imperial past* The days of empire ended after World War II1. The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire, and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations. But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973.2. The makeup of the British population--- immigration from India, Pakistan, or Caribbean (西印度群岛与中南美洲海域) countries in the 1950s and1960s. 1/20 are non-European ethnicity.III.The features of British society:1.a multiracial societyRacial, gender, class, regional and economic differences in the societya multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims;gender difference: male and female live different livesclass difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker’s lives are very different from a blue-collar worker’s.) economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries:-- difference between highland and lowland Scots-- difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north)2. a society with class-structure3. a society with difference of region difference: highland and lowland Scots，north and south England，the capital and provinces.Part ThreeMain cities of England1. London2. Birmingham-second largest city of England.3. Liverpool-second largest port of England4. Manchester- industrial and commercial centre.London--cultural,bussness,and financial centre1. One of the most famous cities of the world, London is England's capital and a favourite for tourists from all over the world who flock there in their millions. It has a history stretching back almost 2000 years, A population of 7.5 million people, and some of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.2.London Attractions:Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.The Tower of London,Tower Bridge,St Paul's Cathedralthe River ThamesCountless fascinating museums, art galleries and famous theatres.The English Royal Family reside in London at Buckingham Palacewhere you can see the famous 'Changing of the Guard'and muchmore.3. A significant role of LondonWhen a man is tired of London, you are tired of life for there is in London all that life can afford.—Samuel Johnson London is dominant in UK in all sorts of ways.1)It is the largest city in the country with abo ut one seventh of the nation’spopulation.2)It is seat of government.3)It is the cultural centre.4)It is the business centre.5)It is the financial centre of the nation.6)London is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and cultural life, and to someextent the rest of the country lives in its shadow.For reference英国历代国王与王后Geographical features1.Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2.Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplands. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the country’s economy1.Important Rivers(1)the Severn RiverA.the longest in the countryB.only 338 kilos long(2)the Thames RiverA.the 2nd longestB.the most important riverC.336 kilos longD.Oxford and London are on the river(3)River ClydeA.the most important in ScotlandB.important commercial waterway2.the Lake District(1)in northwest England and North Wales(2)popular tourist attractions(3)the home of the Lake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyClimate1.Typical feature of Britain’s climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1)rainy---abundant rainfallThe uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious.“A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantly sunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret his laughter later in the day!”(2)changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons“In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour or so later black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down. At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eight degrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sun will begin to shine, and for an hour or two before darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3)Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6℃ in winter, 12-17℃ in summer2.Factors influencing the climate(1)the surrounding waters(2)the prevailing south-west winds(3)the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3.Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2)uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and eastUnit TwoThe History of England课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英国历史，尤其是英格兰的历史；掌握主要历史事件及人物。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册unit课件
The courseware provides an overview of the major political parties, election processes, and the role of citizens in the political system.
American history
Summary
The courseware provides an overview of American history, starting from the early settlement of the country to the present day. It covers key events, people, and themes that have shaped the development of American society.
The American education system
Summary: This section of the courseware provides an overview of the American education system, including its structure, financing, and key educational policies.
03
Canadian Society and Culture
Canadian history
• Summary: The courseware provides an overview of the historical development of Canada, including the country's early settlement, the French and British colonial periods, and the establishment of the Dominion of Canada.
英语国家社会与文化总结
英语国家社会与文化总结英语是现代世界最重要的语言之一，是许多国家的官方语言，也是国际交流和商务活动的主要工具。
在全球范围内，许多国家和地区使用英语，他们各自拥有独特的社会和文化特点。
首先，英语国家的社会结构通常以个人主义为主导。
这意味着个人的自由和自主权重要于集体。
人们注重个人价值和自我实现，追求个人目标和成功。
这种价值观在教育体系中体现得尤为突出，鼓励学生发展自己的兴趣和才能，追求个人的职业理想。
其次，英语国家的社会秩序通常以法治为基石。
法治意味着相对公正和有序的社会体系，每个人都有平等的权利和义务。
法治的重要性在英语国家的政府和司法体系中得到体现，通过公正的法律程序保障公民的权益和维护社会的稳定。
除了社会结构和秩序，英语国家的文化特点也非常丰富多样。
一方面，英语国家通常崇尚个人创造力和创新精神。
文学、艺术和科技等领域，英语国家常常是领先的。
这种创造力和创新精神在文化产业中得到了极大的发展，创造了无数的文化和艺术作品。
另一方面，英语国家也注重社交礼仪和谦逊的价值观。
人们往往以礼貌和尊重他人为荣，重视家庭和友谊关系。
社交场合中，人们通常注意言行举止，注重礼仪和交际技巧。
这种礼仪和谦逊的文化背景给人们带来了友好、温暖的交流环境。
最后，英语国家普遍注重个人的健康和生活质量。
他们注重保持身体健康，注重饮食和锻炼等健康生活方式。
此外，英语国家也鼓励人们平衡工作和生活，追求幸福和满足感。
这种关注个人的健康和生活质量的价值观，使英语国家的居民通常过着积极、充实的生活。
总之，英语国家的社会和文化性格富有个性，注重个人价值、法治和创造力。
了解这些特点对于在英语国家生活、学习或工作的人来说至关重要。
我们可以借鉴英语国家社会和文化的优点，丰富自己的人生经验，提高自己的社交能力和创新能力，更好地适应和融入全球化的世界。
《英语国家社会与文化》课程教学大纲
《英语国家社会与文化》课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称：英语国家社会与文化课程编号：0311012B课程类别：学科专业基础课程总学时：32总学分：2开课学期：第三学期适用专业：英语先修课程：英语口语，英语听力，英语语法，英语阅读二、课程的性质与任务《英语国家社会与文化》是英语专业的一门学科基础课程，讲授对象为英语专业二年级学生。
其目的在于使学生了解英语国家的社会历史，地理，经济，政治，宗教，教育及其价值观念和习俗文化传统，提高学生对文化差异的敏感度、宽容性、处理文化差异的灵活性，提高学生的跨文化交际能力。
同时帮助学生巩固、提高英语词汇和阅读能力，拓宽学生的知识面。
该课程要求学生重点熟悉和掌握英美两国的基本社会文化知识。
三、课程教学目标通过本门课的学习，使学生对英美国家的地理，历史，政治，文化，社会习俗以及该国人民的思想，态度和生活方式等概况有了进一步的了解，从而为缩小中西方文化差异奠定了基础，有利于学生毕业后能较快适应各个领域中的对外文化交流，在各行各业中发挥积极的作用，以更好满足社会主义市场经济对外语人才的需求。
四、教学方法与手段教学中采用教师为主导、学生为主体的教学模式，采用全英文授课，讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，引导学生勤于思考，勇于评论，培养学生的鉴赏和表达能力。
充分利用现代化的教学手段，开发新的教学资源。
五、考核方式1、考核形式：考查2、过程性考核和期末考试相结合：过程性考核包括考勤、课堂表现及作业。
期末考试范围涵盖所讲授的《英语国家社会与文化》的全部内容最终成绩由平时成绩（20%）和期末考试成绩（80%）按一定比例折算后以百分制计六、课时分配第1章英国简介2第2章英国历史6第3章英国政府2第4章英国政治、阶级与种族2第5章英国经济2第6章英国教育与外交关系2第7章美国简介2第8章美国历史6第9章美国政治2第10章美国经济2第11章美国宗教2第12章美国的社会问题2七、教学内容第一章英国简介【教学目标】1.了解英国的名称、地理位置及组成部分2.理解英国国旗、国歌与国徽的含义3.掌握英国人口与社会等级以及民族价值观的特点【教学内容】1.英国名称、地理位置与组成部分2.英国国旗、国歌与国徽3.英国主要城市4.英国气候特征5.英国人口与社会等级6.英国民族价值观与特征【教学重点】1.英国名称、地理位置与组成部分2.英国人口与社会等级3.英国民族价值观与特征【教学难点】1.英国名称、地理位置与组成部分2.英国国旗、国歌与国徽3.英国民族价值观与特征【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第二章英国历史【教学目标】1.了解英国历史发展的主要阶段2.理解英国历史中的主要事件发生背景、意义与影响3.掌握英国历史中的重要历史事件【教学内容】1.民族的起源(5000BC-1066)2.民族的形成 (1066-1381)3.向现代的转变 (1455-1688)4.大英帝国的崛起与衰落(1688-1945)5.二战后的英国(1945至今)【教学重点】1.凯尔特民族、罗马入侵与盎格鲁-撒克逊民族2.诺曼征服与英国大宪章3.玫瑰战争4.资产阶级革命【教学难点】1.盎格鲁-撒克逊民族入侵2.玫瑰战争3.英国宗教改革4.资产阶级革命【学时数】课堂讲述3学时、课堂讨论1学时、习题2学时第三章英国政府【教学目标】1.了解英国政府的具体内容2.理解英国的宪法及其政治体制3.掌握英国主要政党的基本情况【教学内容】1.西方国家的政治体制2.英国的政治体制3.英国的君主4.英国的议会5.英国的司法部门6.英国三大主要政党【教学重点】1.英国的政治体制2.英国三个主要政党的不同之处与代表人物【教学难点】1.英国宪法的特点2.英国君主的职能3.英国议会的职能4.英国三大主要政党的不同之处【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第四章英国政治、阶级与种族【教学目标】1.了解英国大选的重要性2.理解英国政治发展趋势3.掌握英国社会等级与种族的具体内容【教学内容】1.英国大选2.英国三大主要政党3.英国政治发展趋势4.英国的社会等级5.英国的种族情况【教学重点】1.英国大选2.英国政治发展趋势3.英国社会等级的划分【教学难点】1.英国大选的过程2.英国政治发展趋势3.英国社会等级的划分【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第五章英国经济【教学目标】1.了解英国经济的组成部分2.理解英国经济发展历史与现状3.掌握英国经济不同发展阶段的特点【教学内容】1.英国经济的绝对衰落与相对衰落2.英国经济的现状【教学重点】1.英国经济的绝对衰落与相对衰落2.英国经济的三大产业【教学难点】1.英国经济相对衰落的原因2.英国经济三大产业的不同之处【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第六章英国教育与外交关系【教学目标】1.了解与掌握英国教育发展历史与体制与英国外交关系的发展历史2.理解英国的小学、中学与大学阶段的教育现状3.掌握英国外交政策的基础【教学内容】1.英国教育的目的2.英国教育与社会等级的关系3.宗教对英国教育的影响4.英国教育体制的重要转变5.英国教育的现状6.英国外交政策的基础7.英国外交政策的制定【教学重点】1.英国教育体制发展历史2.英国的高等教育3.英国外交关系发展的历史4.英国外交政策的基础与制定【教学难点】1.英国教育体制发展历史2.英国外交政策的基础与制定【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第七章美国简介【教学目标】1.了解美国的名称、地理位置与组成部分2.理解美国的主要象征，包括国旗、国歌与国徽3.掌握美国文化的基本元素【教学内容】1.美国官方名字2.美国地理位置、国土面积与人口3.美国的州4.美国英语5.美国国旗、国歌与国徽6.美元7.山川、河流与气候8.美国的五大象征【教学重点】1.美国全名、地理位置、五十个州与首都2.美国国旗、国歌与国徽3.美国的地理特征【教学难点】1.美国的地理位置与组成部分2.美国的国旗、国歌与国徽的含义【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第八章美国历史【教学目标】1. 了解美国历史发展的主要阶段2. 理解美国历史中重要历史事件发生的背景与影响3. 掌握美国历史发展中的主要人物与主要事件【教学内容】1.美国历史(1600-1900)2.美国历史(1900-1945)3.美国二战后的历史4.二十一世纪的美国【教学重点】1. 美国独立宣言2. 美国内战的原因与意义3. 美国冷战时期【教学难点】1.美国内战的原因与意义2.美苏争霸时期的主要事件【学时数】课堂讲述3学时、课堂讨论1学时、习题2学时第九章美国政治【教学目标和要求】1.了解邦联条例的不足之处2.理解三权分立原则3.掌握美国宪法的三大原则【教学内容】1.美国宪法2.美国行政机构3.美国立法机构4.美国司法机构5.美国两党制【教学重点】1.邦联条例2.美国宪法3.美国三权分立4.美国权利法案5.美国的两党制【教学难点】1.美国宪法制定的背景2.美国三权分立的特点3.美国两党制的特点【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第十章美国经济【教学目标】1.了解美国经济发展历史2.理解美国经济的现状3.掌握工业革命给美国经济带来的发展【教学内容】1.美国经济简介2.美国经济的发展历史3.美国经济的现状【教学重点】1.工业革命给美国经济带来的主要发展2.美国经济的现状【教学难点】1.工业革命对美国经济发展的主要影响2.美国经济发展的不同阶段【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第十一章美国宗教【教学目标】1.了解美国宗教自由与多样性2.理解美国三大宗教信仰3.掌握美国宗教特征【教学内容】1.基督教简介2.美国宗教的发展进程3.美国的三大信仰及其特点4.美国的宗教特征【教学重点】1.美国历史与宗教自由2.美国三大信仰3.美国宗教特征【教学难点】1.美国的三大信仰及其特点2.美国宗教的三大特征【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时第十二章美国的社会问题【教学目标】1.了解美国的主要社会问题2.理解美国种族问题的起源、发展与现状3.掌握美国五大主要社会问题的起源、发展与现状【教学内容】1.美国种族问题2.美国贫穷问题3.美国毒品问题4.美国犯罪问题5.政府与社会机构滥用权力问题【教学重点】1.美国种族问题的起源、发展与现状2.美国贫穷问题的根源与解决方法3.美国毒品问题与犯罪与美国经济的关系【教学难点】1.美国种族问题的起源、发展与现状2.美国贫穷问题的不同内涵【学时数】课堂讲述1学时、习题1学时八、教材及主要参考书1、教材：朱永涛、王立礼. 英语国家社会与文化入门上册[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社，2011第三版.2、主要参考书：1）陈治刚,张承谟,汪尧田,汪明. 英美概况（新编本）[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社,2002.2）来安方.新编英美概况（最新修订版）[M]. 河南：河南人民出版社，2003.3）刘炳善.英国文学简史[M]. 河南：河南人民出版社，1992.4）王佐良.欧洲文化入门[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1993.5）吴伟仁.美国文学史及选读[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2007.6) 肖惠云.当代英国概况[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996.7）张奎武.英美概况[M].吉林：吉林科学技术出版社，2000.8）朱永涛.英美文化基础教程[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002.。
英语国家社会与文化教学大纲
英语国家社会与文化教学大纲大纲概述：本教学大纲旨在为英语专业学生提供对英语国家社会与文化的系统性、全面性、多角度的学习，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
本大纲分为两个模块，第一模块为“英语国家社会”，第二模块为“英语国家文化”。
两个模块之间相互贯通，相得益彰。
一、英语国家社会1.英语语言地位与社会语境（1）英语在世界范围内的地位（2）英语社会语言的特点与应用2.英语国家政治、经济与社会制度（1）英美政治体制的结构与特点（2）英美市场经济的形成与发展（3）英语国家的社会制度和福利保障3.英语国家的文化与娱乐生活（1）英语国家传统文化（2）英语国家的当代文化表现（3）英语国家的娱乐文化4.英语国家的教育系统（1）英语国家的教育制度（2）英语国家的高等教育体系5.英语国家的社会问题（1）心理健康问题（2）青少年生活服务问题（3）社会治安问题二、英语国家文化1.英语国家的文学（1）英美文学史（2）英美文学作品分析2.英语国家的音乐、电影、电视剧与话剧（1）英语国家的音乐文化（2）英语国家的电影与电视文化（3）英语国家的话剧文化3.英语国家的美食文化（1）英语国家主要菜系（2）英语国家美食文化的演变4.英语国家的节庆文化（1）英语国家节庆文化的起源与发展（2）英语国家主要节庆的风俗与习惯5.英语国家的艺术文化（1）英语国家的绘画艺术（2）英语国家的雕塑艺术（3）英语国家的建筑艺术以上为英语国家社会与文化教学大纲的主要内容。
针对各个教学内容，分别设计相应的教学方法、教学手段，注重培养学生的跨文化交际能力和语言运用能力。
英语国家社会与文化入门——The_government_of_the_united_kingdom
Text英国可以说是世界上最古老的代表的民主国家，可以在1000年追查根源。
其他国家也有长期的政治历史，但这些历史是由突发期显着，而经常是暴力，改变。
虽然英国也拥有了政治不稳定的时期相比，说，法国，美国，还是中国的国家建设进程一直是一个进化，而不是革命。
这种长期，不间断的历史仍然十分明显，在英国目前的政治体制和政治文化。
The Monarchy政府机构，是最古老的君主（由国王规则）。
这可以追溯到撒克逊人谁的，直到1066年诺曼征服公元5世纪的统治。
本女王伊丽莎白二世，是国王的直系后裔埃格伯特，谁团结在他的829统治英格兰。
君主的权力，主要是来自国王的“神权古代学说”。
有人认为，主权来自他从上帝的权威，不能从他的臣民。
由于这种神圣的权利，尽管有不同的家庭之间，有时谁坚持战斗，他们以合法的王位继承人，君主制的实际存在，很少受到质疑。
对于1000年英国有世袭的国王或女王作为国家元首，但有一个短暂的例外。
在17世纪有一个在英格兰与共和党的“圆颅内战”（即所谓的，因为男人不顾流行时尚和头顶的头发很短）由奥利弗克伦威尔，谁想要废除君主制，并要求领导保皇党谁它继续。
在罢黜国王查理一世在1642年，成功地圆颅党和公正十八年前的君主统治恢复。
虽然在理论上国王对他的球队的上帝在实践中，即使在中世纪，人们认为他不应该行使绝对的权力。
相反，主权应该愿意接受著名男性的意见。
国王是否愿意做领导之间的国王和教会一样强大，拥有土地的封建贵族，其他强大的集团的许多战役。
这是一个封建贵族和教会的反对约翰王（1199年至1216年的一些帮派）的政策。
这种反对如此强烈，国王最终给予了他们的自由和政治权利宪章，但其中世纪的大宪章拉丁名称命名。
大宪章放在国王的能力，他的皇室权力滥用的一些限制。
这仍然被视为英国的官方对公民权利的重要体现。
The Parliament这个词的“议会”的动词“来到往下谈”，即，讨论或交谈。
这个词是第一次使用在1236年正式描述封建贵族和县和偶尔的国王召见城镇代表聚会，如果他想筹集资金。
英语国家社会与文化入门学习指南
英语国家社会与文化入门学习指南Sure, I can help you with that. Here's a beginner's guide to the society and culture of English-speaking countries.In English-speaking countries, the society and culture are diverse and rich. From the United States to the United Kingdom, Australia to Canada, each country has its own unique customs, traditions, and values. The English language is a common thread that ties these countries together, but there are also many differences that make each country's society and culture distinct.In the United States, for example, individualism and the pursuit of the American Dream are deeply ingrained in the culture. There is a strong emphasis on personal freedom and opportunity. In contrast, the United Kingdom has a long history of tradition and hierarchy, with a strong sense of class and social status. Australia, known for its laid-back lifestyle and love of the outdoors, has a unique blend of indigenous, colonial, and multicultural influences. Canada, with its bilingualism and multiculturalism, embraces diversity and inclusivity as core values.The arts and entertainment play a significant role in English-speaking countries. From Hollywood blockbusters to Broadway musicals, from British literature to Australian Aboriginal art, there is a wide range of cultural expressions to explore. Sports, too, are an important partof the culture, with events like the Super Bowl, the Wimbledon Championships, the Melbourne Cup, and the Stanley Cup capturing the imagination of millions.Religion also shapes the society and culture of English-speaking countries. While the United States has a strong tradition of religious freedom and diversity, the United Kingdom has a long history of Anglicanism and Christianity. Australia and Canada, with their multicultural populations, have a wide variety of religious beliefs and practices.In terms of social norms and etiquette, there are some commonalities across English-speaking countries. Politeness, punctuality, and respect for personal space are generally valued. However, there are also subtle differences in communication styles, humor, and gestures that can varyfrom country to country.In summary, the society and culture of English-speaking countries are complex, multifaceted, and constantly evolving. By learning about the history, traditions, and values of these countries, you can gain a deeper understanding of the people who call them home.在英语国家，社会和文化是多样而丰富的。
英语国家社会与文化入门(高清上册))
UNIT 6 1. In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States? 1. By the middle of the 18th century, many different kinds of Protestants lived in America. 2. The Great Awakening of the 1740s, a "revival" movement that sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion, cut across the lines of Protestant religious groups, or denominations. 3. A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. 4. The First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States forbade the new federal government to give special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice, or exercise, of religion. 3 What promotes the diversity in American religion? 1. The United States has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier America provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community. 2. Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living, were founded in 18th and 19th century America. 3. Americans with different religions live together under the same law. 4. The religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress. 5. In the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building. 6. Continuous immigration.
英语国家社会文化
英语国家社会文化
1. 英语语言和文学：以英语为主要语言，包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、
新西兰等国家。
英语文学作为重要的文化遗产，包括莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等众多世界级作家和文学作品。
2. 政治和社会制度：英语国家中，有许多使用英语的民主国家，如英国、美国、
加拿大和澳大利亚。
这些国家普遍遵循权力分立和言论自由的原则，并推崇个人权利和自由。
3. 文化多样性：英语国家拥有丰富的文化多样性，融合了各种族裔、宗教信仰
和文化传统。
这些国家在包容和多元性方面非常重视，鼓励人们保持自己的文化身份同时与其他群体和谐相处。
4. 流行文化：英语国家对于流行文化的影响力巨大，包括音乐、电影、电视剧
和时尚等。
好莱坞电影工业、英国音乐和文化运动，以及美国的流行文化都深深影响了世界的娱乐和艺术领域。
5. 体育文化：英语国家热衷于各类体育运动，如足球、篮球、橄榄球和板球等。
这些运动不仅是体育竞技，也体现了国家的身份认同和集体荣誉感。
英语国家社会与文化总结
英语国家社会与文化总结1.多元社会：英语国家，如美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和英国等，是多元社会的代表。
这些国家由于历史的原因，吸引了来自世界各地的移民，形成了种族、宗教、语言和文化上的多样性。
这种多元性使得英语国家成为一个开放包容的社会，让人们能够在其中享受到丰富的文化体验，同时也促进了社会的进步和发展。
2.社交礼仪：英语国家注重社交礼仪，礼貌、尊重和互惠关系被视为社会交往的基本原则。
例如，在英国，人们通常会在打招呼时向对方问候，如"你好"或"请问有什么可以帮到你的"。
在美国，人们更倾向于直接地称呼对方的名字，并在表达意见时注重礼貌和谦逊。
这些社交礼仪的遵守，有助于促进人与人之间的友好交流和相互理解。
3.高度重视教育：英语国家普遍高度重视教育，并且提供了世界上一流的教育资源。
这些国家致力于发展全人教育，注重培养学生的创造力、批判性思维和团队合作能力。
此外，英语国家也非常注重职业教育和技能培训，使学生能够获得实用的知识和技能，为他们未来的职业生涯做好准备。
4.崇尚个人主义：英语国家与许多其他社会文化相比，更加崇尚个人主义。
人们在追求自我实现和个人利益的同时，也注重个人的独立和权利。
这种个人主义的特点在英国和美国尤为明显，人们普遍享有言论自由和选择的权利，他们鼓励人们追求自己的梦想，并追求个人和家庭的成功。
5.体育文化：英语国家对体育文化有着深厚的热爱和传统。
足球、橄榄球、板球和篮球等运动在英语国家非常流行，并且体育比赛常常成为人们社交娱乐的重要组成部分。
这种体育文化的存在，不仅有助于促进人们的健康和身体素质，也有助于建立团队精神和英勇精神。
总之，英语国家的社会和文化是多元性、社交礼仪、教育重视、个人主义和体育文化等多个方面的综合体现。
了解和理解这些特点，有助于更好地融入和适应英语国家的社会环境，并促进跨文化交流和交往的成功。
英语国家社会与文化课程介绍
compare the American education system with that of China, esp. comment on
the pros and cons of them.
5 Constitutional Monarchy and Parliamentary Democracy 12月15日前
论文格式
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• 1.
On Positive Chinese-to-English Transfer
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（题目字居中，加粗，Times New Roman四号 )
• 2.
李军（经济111班）
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（姓名班级居中，宋体小四号）
• 3.正文字体用Times New Roman小四号，单倍行距， 500字
• English language and Chinese language as two branches of language are out of question having some similarities. However, because they belong to two different language systems, their users’ different cultural conventions and political beliefs make them differ from each other. All those similarities and differences to some extent make impacts on the language transfer between English and Chinese. ...
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
《英语国家社会与文化》教学大纲
“英语国家社会与文化”课程教学大纲一、课程概况英文名：The Society and Culture of Major English-speaking Countries开课单位：外语学院课程编码：学分学时： 3 48授课对象：英语专业学生先修课程：基础英语、英语听力、英语口语课程目的和主要内容：通过中外文化各方面的学习、比较，培养学生对文化的兴趣，增强跨文化交际的能力。
英美社会与文化是外语学院学生的基础课程之一，是一门基础理论与实践并重的课程。
本课程最大特色在于其针对性、指导性和应用性，是培养学生成为英语水平高，同时又懂得如何恰当运用英语的复合型专业人才的必备课程。
二、课程教学内容及要求第一章（1学时）：文化的概念，文化与语言学习间的关系第二章（1学时）：英国简况第三章（6学时）：英国历史（重点）3.1(1学时)：早期英国历史3.2(2学时)：议会的出现到工业革命3.3(3学时)：殖民扩张与两次世界大战第四章（2学时）：英国政府与政党第五章（2学时）：英国经济状况第六章（7学时）：英国文学（重点）6.1（2学时）：文艺复兴至王政复辟6.2（2学时）:现实主义与浪漫主义6.3（3学时）:现代主义第七章（3学时）：英国的宗教信仰（难点）第八章（2学时）：英国体育、节假日及教育体制与大众传媒第九章（2学时）：美国简况第十章（3学时）：美国政府与政党10.1(2学时):美国宪法（重点）10.2(1学时):政府与政党第十一章（2学时）：美国经济状况第十二章（8学时）：美国文学（重点）12.1(2学时):早期美国文学12.2(3学时):浪漫主义与现实主义12.3(3学时):现代主义与后现代主义第十三章（3学时）：美国的宗教信仰（难点）第十四章（2学时）：美国社会各阶级、种族、对外关系与大众传媒第十五章（4学时）：西方古典文明三、实践环节无五、附录参考教材：1.朱永涛，2001，《英语国家社会与文化入门》，北京：高等教育出版社。
(完整word版)英语国家社会与文化教案
英语专业本科教案英语国家社会与文化授课教案Unit OneIntroduction& Unit 1The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程名称：英语国家社会与文化授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英语国家社会与文化课程的主要内容与要求，了解文化的概念；同时对英国有一个总体上的了解。
教学意义:帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
教学重点:文化的概念；英国基本情况。
教学难点:英国概况教学方式：以电子课件为主，辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。
教学内容: (详见下页）1.什么是文化？2．英国国土与人民英国的不同名称及其区域3. 伦敦概况教学方法：采取教师教授为主，结合学生课堂讨论。
时间分配: What is culture? (10 分钟.);What’s the relation between Culture and society? (10 分钟);Why should we learn culture (10 分钟);UK- a complicated country with a complicated name(40 分钟)A Brief Idea about London. (20 分钟)课堂板书:1. Culture-the foundation of communication2. The four parts of UK3. Main cities of EnglandLondonBirmingham-second largest city of England.Liverpool-second largest port of EnglandManchester- industrial and commercial centre.课后作业: Exercises in Unit 1Unit OnePart One1.What is culture?Culture-the foundation of communicationCulture is very abstract and complicated. Concretely speaking, it refers to all the aspects of social life, such as, the values, the practices of a society and social conventions, education, politics, art or literature,language,ideas,etc.文化即是人们所思,所言(言语和非言语),所为,所觉的总和.文化是无处不在的,具体说来,包括社会生活的一切方面,如:价值观念,生活行为方式,社会规范等,乃至艺术,政治,经济, 教育,修养,文学,语言,思想等.2. What’s the relation between Culture and society?1)Culture is a separate idea from society, although culture and society are interrelated andcannot exist without each other.2)Culture is a system of values (or beliefs) and norms (or behaviour). A society is a system ofinterrelationships which connect or bind individuals together.3. Why should we learn culture?1)Requirement of communication2) Language and culture are inseparable3)Culture acquisition is important for the study of literature.Part TwoUK- a complicated country with a complicated nameⅠStatus in the worldEffects of its Imperial Past--“an empire in which the sun never set”（日不落帝国）:1.one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member ofNATO, and of the Commonwealth,2. Member of European Union and the Group of seven3.The make-up of the British population (Immigration has produced a population of which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.)II. The effects of its imperial past* The days of empire ended after World War II1.The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire, and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations. But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973.2.The makeup of the British population--- immigration from India, Pakistan, or Caribbean (西印度群岛与中南美洲海域) countries in the 1950s and1960s. 1/20 are non-European ethnicity.III.The features of British society:1.a multiracial societyRacial, gender, class, regional and economic differences in the societya multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims; gender difference: male and female live different livesclass difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker’s lives are very different from a blue-collar worker’s.)economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries:-- difference between highland and lowland Scots-- difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north)2. a society with class-structure3. a society with difference of region difference: highland and lowland Scots，north and southEngland，the capital and provinces.Part ThreeMain cities of England1. London2. Birmingham-second largest city of England.3. Liverpool-second largest port of England4. Manchester- industrial and commercial centre.London--cultural,bussness,and financial centre1. One of the most famous cities of the world, London is England's capital and a favourite for tourists from all over the world who flock there in their millions. It has a history stretching back almost 2000 years, A population of 7.5 million people, and some of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.2.London Attractions:Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.The Tower of London,Tower Bridge,St Paul's Cathedralthe River ThamesCountless fascinating museums, art galleries and famous theatres.The English Royal Family reside in London at Buckingham Palace whereyou can see the famous 'Changing of the Guard' and much more.3. A significant role of LondonWhen a man is tired of London, you are tired of life for there is in London all that life can afford.—Samuel Johnson London is dominant in UK in all sorts of ways.1)It is the largest city in the country with about one seventh of the nation’s population.2)It is seat of government.3)It is the cultural centre.4)It is the business centre.5)It is the financial centre of the nation.6)London is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and cultural life, and to some extent the restof the country lives in its shadow.For reference英国历代国王与王后Geographical features1.Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2.Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplands. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the country’s economy1.Important Rivers(1)the Severn RiverA.the longest in the countryB.only 338 kilos long(2)the Thames RiverA.the 2nd longestB.the most important riverC.336 kilos longD.Oxford and London are on the river(3)River ClydeA.the most important in ScotlandB.important commercial waterway2.the Lake District(1)in northwest England and North Wales(2)popular tourist attractions(3)the home of the Lake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyClimate1.Typical feature of Britain’s climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1)rainy---abundant rainfallThe uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious.“A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantlysunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret hislaughter later in the day!”(2)changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons“In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour or solater black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down.At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eightdegrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sunwill begin to shine, and for an hour or two befo re darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3)Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6℃ in winter, 12-17℃ in summer2.Factors influencing the climate(1)the surrounding waters(2)the prevailing south-west winds(3)the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3.Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2)uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and eastUnit TwoThe History of England课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英国历史，尤其是英格兰的历史；掌握主要历史事件及人物。
英语国家社会与文化-第一章-Introduction-of-uk
Climate Features
• A temperate maritime climate • Three features
– There is often a lot of fog or smog in winter. – There are many more rainy days than sunny
Highlands in Scotland
Ben Nevis
(1 343 meters high)
Airth castle (埃斯城堡)
A 14th century castle
Scottish castle weddings.
Stirling castle (斯特灵城堡)
Palace for Scottish king
days. – The weather is quite instable and changeable.
Introduction to British and American Culture
Mountains and Rivers
• The backbone of UK: Pennines
• Chief mountain ranges: the Cambrians in Wales the Grampians in Scotland (the largest mountain range in the UK)
• What are the major cities in Britain?
• Location: North-western coast of continental Europe
• population: 62,770,000(2013) • density: 270.1persons/sqkm(2013) • total area: 244,820sqkm
英语国家社会与文化
英语国家社会与文化上Unit 1 1. Britain is no longer an imperial(帝国) country. T2. The Commonwealth(共和国，民主国) of Nations includes all European countries. F3. 1 in 10 of the British population are of non-European ethnicity(种族地位，种族特点). F4. The stereotype(陈规，刻板模式) of the English gentleman never applied(使适用) the majority of the British people. T6. Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F7. When people outside the UK talk about England, they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T8. The Scots and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F9. Scotland was never conquered by the Romans. T10. Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called “Gaelic”. F11. Scotland was unified with England through peaceful mean. T12. Wales is rich in coal deposits. T13. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city. F14. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition. F上Unit21. Ireland is part of Great Britain. F2. “U referr ing to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. T3. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. F4. Northern Ireland is significant because of itsmanufacturing industry. F5. The majority of Irish people were descendants子孙，后裔of the original Celtic凯尔特people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. T6. Most British people are Protestants新教徒 while most Irish people are Catholic天主教徒. T7. The British government does not have direct rule from London over Northern Ireland. F8. Sinn Fein 新芬党（爱尔兰共和军的政治组织）is a legal politicalparty in Northern Ireland. T9. The Anglo-Irish Agreement《英爱协议》of 1985 guaranteed the loyalist Protestant community their right to decide their future in N orthern Ireland. T10. The Good Friday Agreement《北爱和平协议》was approved on 10 April 1998.T11. Northern Ireland today is governed by separate jurisdictions: that of Republic of Ireland and t hat of Great Britain.F 目前北爱由爱尔兰政府、英国政府及北爱执行委员会三方共同参与管理。
英语国家社会与文化
英语国家社会与文化
英语国家是指以英语为官方语言或主要语言的国家，主要包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等。
这些国家拥有丰富多样的社会和文化，以下将对其进行解释。
社会方面，英语国家注重个人自由和平等，强调尊重个人权利和隐私。
这种价值观在英美法系国家中有着深厚历史根源，对法治和民主政治的发展产生了深远影响。
这些国家的社会保障体系相对完善，政府提供一些基本的公共服务，如医疗、教育、养老等。
文化方面，英语国家的文化多元化和包容性很强。
由于历史和移民的原因，这些国家有着丰富多样的文化传统和风格。
在文学、电影、音乐、艺术等领域，英语国家创造了大量具有国际影响力和知名度的作品和人才。
例如，莎士比亚、狄更斯、爱默生等文学巨匠，斯皮尔伯格、卡梅隆等电影大师，艾默生莫西等音乐家和画家。
此外，英语国家也有着独特的文化习俗和节日，如美国的感恩节、英国的圣诞节、加拿大的国庆节等。
这些节日反映了当地的文化和历史，也成为国家重要的文化符号和标志。
总之，英语国家的社会和文化具有多样性、包容性和创新性，这些特点成为了当
地人民的一种独特魅力，也吸引着世界各地的人们前往探索和体验。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册unit课件
Tower of London and Westminster Palace
London has four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London, Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey, St. Margret’s Church.
England: History of Invasion and Conquest
The Celts The Romans The Anglo-Saxons (King Arthur); Anglo-land=England: form the basis of the modern English race and language The Vikings The Normans (William the Conqueror 1066, Robin Hood) William and Mary from Holland (the Glorious Revolution, or the bloodless revolution, 1688), establishing parliament’s dominance over the monarch British identity building: constitutional monarchy (only a gap of 11 years ruled by parliament’s leader, Oliver Cromwell); unification of 4 parts; the British Empire
The two maps show the position of the UK in the world and the four constituent parts of the UK
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A Concise Course on the Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries
Part Two The United States of America
The biggest city in the USA is New York City, New York, which has over 8 million people. The A is Los Angeles, California, which has almost 4 million people. The third-biggest city in the USA is Chicago, Illinois, which has nearly 3 million people.
Today Los Angeles has a population of about 4 million inhabitants. 18.5 million live in the Greater Los Angeles Area (in 2015), Greater Los Angeles is the second-largest urban region in the United States. Within the Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim MSA area are about 50 cities and towns, the largest are Long Beach, Anaheim, Santa Ana, Irvine, Glendale, and Huntington Beach.
Hollywood, a district in the central LA, is known as the original movie mecca, the majority of US movie studios are headquartered in Los Angeles.
Hollywood Boulevard, with the famous Hollywood Walk of Fame, more than 2,500 stars bearing the biggest names in the entertainment industry on its sidewalks. Disneyland, the "original", now named Disneyland Park, a must for Disney aficionados. La Brea Tar Pits and Hancock Park, titans of the ice age, fossil excavation site with an adjacent museum and a recreated prehistoric garden.
Los Angeles is home to renowned museums, unique hotels, diverse experiences and 75 miles of sunny coastline.
The city started as a settlement in September 1781 with a population of 44. The town was named "El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles del Río de Porciúncula", this name was just too long to memorize, and so it was soon shortened to Los Angeles. 100 years later after the completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad line to Los Angeles in 1876 the population has grown to more than 10,000 people.
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (4.5 billion years of history); Hollywood Bowl (live music); Universal Studios Hollywood (film studio and moviethemed amusement park); Getty Center and J. Paul Getty Museum (fine arts); Museum of Contemporary Art (fine contemporary art);
Griffith Park (urban park) with the Griffith Observatory (observatory, exhibit hall, and planetarium); Muscle Beach, Santa Monica (birthplace of the physical fitness boom in the US).
The city is home to the Kodak Theatre, today known as Dolby Theatre, located close to Hollywood Boulevard in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. The theater is home of the annual Academy Awards Ceremonies (The Oscars), which were first held there in March 2002, it is the first permanent home for the awards.