公共英语四级阅读练习题(1).doc
2004年6月大学英语四级试题 2阅读理解 及注释 (1)
2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:A is for always getting to work on time.B is for being extremely busy.C is for the conscientious (勤勤恳恳) way you do your job.Y ou may be all these things at the office, and more. But when it comes to getting ahead, experts say, the ABCs of business should include a P, for politics, as in office politics.Dale Carnegie suggested as much more than 50 years ago: Hard work alone doesn‘t ensure career advancement. Y ou have to be able to sell yourself and your ideas, both publicly and behind the scenes. Y et, despite the obvious rewards of engaging in office politics – a better job, a raise, praise – many people are still unable or unwilling to ―play the game.‖―Peopl e assume that office politics involves some manipulative(攻于心计的) behavior,‖ says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. ―But politics derives from the word ‗polite‘. It can mean lobbying and forming associations. It can mean being kind and helpful, or even trying to please your superior, and then expecting something in return.‖In fact, today, experts define office politics as proper behavior used to pursue one‘s own self-interest in the workplace. In many cases, this involves some form of socializing within the office environment – not just in large companies, but in small workplaces as well.―The first thing people are usually judged on is their ability to perform well on a consistent basis,‖ says Neil P. Lewis, a manage ment psychologist. ―But if two or three candidates are up for a promotion, each of whom has reasonably similar ability, a manager is going to promote the person he or she likes best. It‘s simple human nature.‖Y et, psychologists say, many employees and emp loyers have trouble with the concept of politics in the office. Some people, they say, have an idealistic vision of work and what it takes to succeed. Still others associate politics with flattery (奉承)，fearful that, if they speak up for themselves, they may appear to be flattering their boss for favors.Expert suggest altering this negative picture by recognizing the need for some self-promotion.11. ―Office politics‖ (Line 2, Para 4) is used in the passage to refer to ____.A) the code of behavior for company staffB) the political views and beliefs of office workersC) the interpersonal relationships within a companyD) the various qualities required for a successful career12. To get promoted, one must not only be competent but ____.A) give his boss a good impressionB) honest and loyal to his companyC) get along well with his colleaguesD) avoid being too outstanding13. Why are many people unwilling to ―play the game‖ (Line 4, Para. 5)?A) They believe that doing so is impractical.B) They feel that such behavior is unprincipled.C) They are not good at manipulating colleagues.D) They think the effort will get then nowhere.14. The author considers office politics to be ____.A) unwelcome at the workplaceB) bad for interpersonal relationshipsC) indispensable to the development of company cultureD) an important factor for personal advancement15. It is the author‘s view that ____.A) speaking up for oneself is part of human natureB) self-promotion does not necessarily mean flatteryC) hard work contributes very little to one‘s promotionD) many employees fail to recognize the need of flattery2004年6月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇【参考译文】A总是按时工作。
公共英语四级-计算机与信息(一)
公共英语四级-计算机与信息(一)(总分：83.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第一部分听力理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、第一节图片判断(总题数：2，分数：10.00)（分数：5.00）(1).[*]（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.解析：[听力原文]M: The girl has very long hair.[详细解答] 图片A是中等长度的头发，图片B是长发，图片C是短发。
(2).[*]（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.解析：[听力原文]F: I paid $ 20 for what I bought at the shop.[详细解答] 图片为收银台，A是付款10美元，B是付款20美元，C是付款30美元。
(3).[*]（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √解析：[听力原文]M: The thief was caught by a policeman.[详细解答] 图片A是多个警察抓坏人，图片B是两个警察抓坏人，图片C是一个警察抓坏人。
(4).[*]（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.解析：[听力原文]F: There is a picture of a mountain on the wall.[详细解答] 图片为一幅画，A是山，B是河，C是树。
(5).[*]（分数：1.00）A. √B.C.解析：[听力原文]M: Tom was very glad because he won a competition.[详细解答] 图片A是高兴，图片B是生气，图片C是伤心。
（分数：5.00）(1).[*]（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.解析：[听力原文]F: Hurry up! The plane is leaving in 20 minutes.[名师解析] 录音原句意为“快一点，飞机将会在20分钟内离开”。
图片A显示30分钟，图片B显示20分钟，图片C显示10分钟。
只有20分钟与听到的相符。
故选B。
全国公共英语等级考试pets4级阅读美文附解析
全国公共英语等级考试pets4级阅读美文附解析全国公共英语等级考试pets4级阅读精选美文附解析非学无以广才，非志无以成学。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的全国公共英语等级考试pets4级阅读精选美文附解析，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!part BRead the following three texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A. , B.[ C] or D.. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.Text 1A finding in recent years shows that men cannot manufacture blood as efficiently as womencan. This makes surgery riskier for men. Because they do not breathe as often as women, men also need more oxygen. But men breathe more deeply and this exposes them to another risk. They draw more of the air when it is polluted.Men's bones are larger than women's and they are arranged somewhat differently. The feminine walk that evokes so many whistles is a matter of bone structure. A man has broader shoulders and a narrower pelvis, which makes him stride out with no waste motion. A woman's wider pelvis, designed for childbearing, forces her to put more movement into each step she takes with the result that she displays a bit of jiggle and sway as she walks.If you think a man is brave because he can climb a ladder to clean out the roof gutters, don't forget it is easier for him than for a woman. The angle at which a woman's thigh is joined to her knees makes climbing difficult for her, no matter whether it is a ladder or stairs or a mountain that she is tackling.A man's skin is thicker than a woman's and not nearly as soft. This prevents the sun's radiation from getting through, which is why men wrinkle less than women do. Women have a thin by- er of fat just under the skin and there is a plus to this greater fat reserve. It acts as an invisible ful coat to keep a woman wanner in the winter. Women also stay cooler in summer. Because the far layer helps insulate them against heat. Men's fat is distributed differently. And they do not have that layer of it underneath their skin. In fact, they have considerably less fat than women and more lean mass. 41 percent of a man's body is muscle compared to thirty-five percent for women, which means that men have more muscle power. When we mention strength, almost 90 percent of a man's weight is strength compared to about 50 percent of a woman's weight.The higher proportion of muscle to fat makes it easier for men to lose weight. Muscle burns up five more calories a pound than fat does just to maintain itself. So when a man wants to lose weight, the pounds roll off much faster. For all men's muscularity they do not have the energy reserves women do. They have more start-up energy, but the fat tucked away in women's nooks and crannies provides a rich energy reserve that men lack.Cardiologists at the University of Alabama who tested healthy women on treadmills discovered that over the years the female capacity for exercise far exceeds the male capacity. A woman of sixty who is in good health can exercise up to 90 percefit of what she could do when she was twenty.A man of sixty has only 60 percent left of his capacity as a twenty-year-old.36. That boys suffer mine from air pollution can possibly bejustified by the fact that_________A. the male have larger bones than the femaleB.women can manufacture blood more efficiently than menC. men usually breathe more deeply than womenD. women breathe as often as men37. The different ways men and women move their body indicate that_________A. bone structures in men and women are arranged differentlyB. women's bones are more ready to movementC. men always move their bodies with waste motionsD. women are good at climbing upwards38. It can be concluded from the passage thatA. men suffer more from sun's radiation than women doB.men will be more exhausted than women after a long tripC. the higher proportion of fat in women's body makes them easier to lose weight[ D] an aged man can still exercise his body as he was young39. The best title for the above article is_________A. Why Men Lack Capacity for Exercise over the YearsB.How Men's Bones Are Arranged Differently from Women' sC. Studies on Differences and Similarities between Men and WomenD. Men and Women: Some Differences40. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A. More oxygen needs to be prepared when a man is having surgery.[ B] Man's courage has nothing to do with male's body structure.[ C] A woman usually stays cooler in summer and warmer in winter.[ D] It is easier for a man to lose his weight.Part B Text l参考译文近年来的一项发现表明男人造血的能力不如女人强。
2020年全国公共英语四级试题及答案(卷一)
2020年全国公共英语四级试题及答案（卷一）1. I wrote down the number so that I __ remember it.A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. needed2. Richard is American, john is British - they have different __.A. nationsB. countriesC. nationalitiesD. lands3. She made __ to tell her mother the good news.A. speedB. hasteC. hurryD. urge4. -Are you __?__-No, I'm serious.A. deceivingB. cheatingC. foolingD. kidding5. A __ of humour is a great asset for a person.A. feelingB. senseC. meaningD. judgment6. The __ person is liable to succeed in the challenge.A. socialB. graciousC. friendlyD. sociable7. The police showed responsibility __ the preservation of public order and security.A. forB. toC. inD. on8. He doesn't feel __ when he is left __.A. alone…aloneB. lonely…lonelyC. alone…lonelyD. lonely…alone9. Take a hat with you __ the sun is very hot.A. in caseB. thoughC. for fearD. in that case10. A __ of the camel is its ability to live for a long time without water.A. qualityB. featureC. characteristicD. character1. A2. C3. B4. D5. B6. D7. A8. D9. A 10. C【知识点】1. could/can 不能与be able to 连用__ 这首题考查的是could的用法，在复习"could"这个单词时要重点搞清楚他和其他情态动词的区别，尤其在虚拟语气中。
2020年9月公共英语四级阅读模拟试题
2020年9月公共英语四级阅读模拟试题2020年9月公共英语四级阅读模拟试题Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of thearchipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposedto the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of itsother ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of thestate's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment andtheir life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degreeof autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state --as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters suchas education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a newnation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given upits claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Hawaii's native minority refers to _________________.A. Hawaii's ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood2. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.3. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii's first native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.4. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.5. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ____________.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the US参考答案：CDABD。
英语四级考试真题试卷附答案第套
英语四级考试真题试卷附答案第套英语四级考试真题试卷附答案第套一、写作部分写作部分是英语四级考试的第一部分，占总分的15%。
该部分要求考生根据给出的主题和提示，写出一篇不少于200字的短文。
二、听力部分听力部分是英语四级考试的第二部分，占总分的35%。
该部分包括短篇新闻、长对话和听力理解三部分，要求考生根据听到的内容完成相应的题目。
三、阅读部分阅读部分是英语四级考试的第三部分，占总分的35%。
该部分包括词汇理解、长篇阅读和仔细阅读三部分，要求考生根据文章内容完成相应的题目。
四、翻译部分翻译部分是英语四级考试的第四部分，占总分的15%。
该部分要求考生翻译一篇涉及文化、历史、经济等方面的文章。
五、答案及解析1、写作部分答案：主题：互联网对人们生活的影响提示：互联网在信息获取、交流沟通、娱乐生活等方面都给人们带来了便利，但也存在一些负面影响，比如沉迷于网络游戏等。
短文（仅供参考）：The internet has greatly affected people's lives. On the one hand, the internet provides people with easy access to information and allows them to communicate and娱乐生活themselves through social media, online games, and other digital platforms. On the other hand, the excessive use of the internet can lead to problems such as addiction and negative impact on people's social lives and personal relationships.2、听力部分答案：短篇新闻：1-5 ACBAC；长对话：6-10 BACAB；听力理解：11-15 BACAB。
全国公共英语等级考试（PETS）四级考试样题
Section I Listening Comprehension,Part AYou will hear a recording of a conversation between Mary and John about the Hilton Hotel and the Hotel Rossiya. Listen to it and fill out the table with the information you've heard for questions 1-5. Some of the information has been completed for you. Write not more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.Information about the Hilton Hotel and the Hotel RossiyaTapescript:M: Hi, Mary. How's everything?W: Fine. You know, John, I'm planning to go to Las Vegas for a holiday and would like to stay in a large hotel. Anything to recommend?M: Er? the Hilton Hotel there is quite a large one. It has ? er ? 3,174 bedrooms. It also has 12 restaurants and about 125,000 square feet of convention space. There're a 10-acre recreation deck and a stage show dining hall. Over 3,600 people now work for it.W: Oh, great! Is it the largest hotel in the U.S.?M: Yes, it is. But it may not be the largest in the world. Er ? as far as I know, the Hotel Rossiya in Moscow is larger than Hilton. It is a 12-story building that has 3,200 rooms. It can provide accommodation for 6,000 guests. It takes nearly 8 years and a half to spend one night in each room. Besides, there's a 21-story "Presidential tower" in the central courtyard. It has 15 restaurants and 93 elevators. And it employs about 3,000 people. The ballroom is known as the world's largest. Russians are not allowed to live in that hotel. And foreigners are charged 16 times more than the very low rate charged Russian officials.W: It's unbelievable ?[fade out]Now you will hear the recording again. (The recording is repeated.)That is the end of Part A.Part BYou will hear a radio weather forecast. Answer questions 6-10 while listening. Use not more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 40 seconds to read the questions.TapescriptW: Hello. It's been another warm and fine day for most of us. Temperatures in south-east England reached twenty-six degrees Centigrade by mid-afternoon, and Brighton had fifteen hours of lovely sunshine. But already the weather is beginning to change, I'm afraid, and during the night showers will slowly move in from the Atlantic to reach south-west England and the southern coast of Wales by early morning.The rest of the country will have a very mild, dry night with minimum temperatures no lower than fifteen degrees in the south, a little cooler ? eleven degrees or so ? in the north. Any remaining showers in northwest Scotland will pass quickly, to leave a mild, dry night there too.And now, the outlook for Friday and the weekend. Well, southern Europe will once again get the best of the weekend weather, and if your holiday starts this weekend, then southern Spain is the place to go, with temperatures of thirty-four degrees along the Mediterranean coast. At the eastern end of the Med, too, you can expect uninterrupted sunshine and temperatures of up to thirty-two degrees Centigrade in Greece and south-east Italy, but further north the weather's not so settled. Much of France, Belgium and the Netherlands will be cloudy with occasional rain and maximum temperatures will be around twenty-two degrees ? very disappointing for this time of the year.Scotland and Northern Ireland will have heavy rain for much of the weekend and temperatures will drop to a cool seventeen degrees. Across most of England the weather will be cloudy but mainly dry with sunny periods. And when the sun does come out temperatures could rise to a maximum of twenty-three degrees.Now you will hear the recording again. (The recording is repeated.)That is the end of Part B.Part CYou will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have time to check your answer. You will hear each piece once only.Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk introducing Emily Dickinson, a well-known American poet. You now have 30 seconds to read questions 11-13.11. How long did Emily Dickinson live in the house where she was born?[A] almost all her life[B] less than half her life[C] until 1830[D] before 187212. Which of the following is true of Emily Dickinson?[A] She was not a productive poet.[B] She saw many of her poems published.[C] She was not a sociable person.[D] She had contact only with a few poets.13. When was Emily Dickinson widely recognized?[A] after Henry James referred highly to her[B] after seven of her poems were published[C] after her poems became known to others[D] after she was dead for many yearsTapescript:M: Emily Dickinson is one of the greatest American poets. She was born in a typical New England village in Massachusetts on December 10, 1830. She was the second child of the family. She died in the same house fifty-six years later. During her life time she never left her native land. She left her home state only once. She left her village very few times. And after 1872 she rarely left her house and yard. In the last years of her life she retreated to a smaller and smaller circle of family and friends. In those later years she dressed in white, avoided strangers, and communicated chiefly through notes and poems even with intimates. The doctor who attended her illness was allowed to "examine" her in another room, seeing her walk by an opened door. She was thought of as a "strange" figure in her home village. When she died on May 15, 1886, she was unknown to the rest of the world. Only seven of her poems had appeared in print.But to think Emily Dickinson only as a strange figure is a serious mistake. She lived simply and deliberately. She faced the essential facts of life. According to Henry James, a famous American novelist, she was one of those on whom nothing was lost. Only by thus living could Dickinson manage both to fulfill her obligations as a daughter, a sister, and a housekeeper and to write on the average one poem a day.She read only a few books but knew them deeply. Her poems are simple but remarkably rich. Not until 1950s was she recognized as one of the greatest American poets.Section II Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET（1）.During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 per cent. Some countries did not 1 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not（2） . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations（3） solutions.（4） , problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very（5） . It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly（6） workers are needed to（7）and repair the equipment. These workers must be trained,（8） many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the（9） of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to（10） vocational and professional training.（11） , just to begin training, the students must（12） learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The students then spend many years abroad, and（13） do not return home.All nations agree that science and technology（14） be shared. The point is: countries（15） the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully（16） the costs, because many of these costs are（17） . Students from these nations should（18） the problems of the industrialized countries closely.（19） care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology,（20） the benefits.1. [A]generate [B]raise [C]produce [D]manufacture2. [A]answered [B]met [C]calculated [D]remembered3. [A]for [B]without [C]as [D]about4. [A]Moreover [B]Therefore [C]Anyway [D]However5. [A]expensive [B]mechanical [C]flourishing [D]complicated6. [A]gifted [B]skilled [C]trained [D]versatile7. [A]keep [B]maintain [C]retain [D] protect8. [A]since [B]so [C]and [D]yet9. [A]charge [B]price [C]cost [D]value10. [A]accept [B]gain [C]receive [D]absorb11. [A]Frequently [B]Incidentally [C]Deliberately [D]Eventually12. [A]soon [B]quickly [C]immediately [D]first13. [A]some [B]others [C]several [D]few14. [A]might [B]should [C]would [D]will15. [A]adopting [B]conducting [C]receiving [D]adjusting16. [A]to [B]at [C]on [D]about17. [A]opaque [B]secret [C]sealed [D]hidden18. [A]tackle [B]learn [C]study [D]manipulate19. [A]In [B]Through [C]With [D]Under20. [A]except [B]nor [C]or [D]butSection III Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up , h a l f a w o r l d a w a y , b y J o h n H o f s e s s , e x e c u t i v e d i r e c t o r o f t h e R i g h t t o D i e S o c i e t y o f C a n a d a . H e s e n t i t o n v i a t h e g r o u p ' s o n - l i n e s e r v i c e , D e a t h N E T . S a y s H o f s e s s : " W e p o s t e d b u l l e t i n s a l l d a y l o n g , b e c a u s e o f c o u r s e t h i s i s n ' t j u s t s o m e t h i n g t h a t h a p p e n e d i n A u s t r a l i a . I t ' s w o r l d h i s t o r y . " T h e f u l l i m p o r t m a y t a k e a w h i l e t o s i n k i n . T h e N T R i g h t s o f t h e T e r m i n a l l y I l l l a w h a s l e f t p h y s i c i a n s a n d c i t i z e n s a l i k e t r y i n g t o d e a l w i t h i t s m o r a l a n d p r a c t i c a l i m p l i c a t i o n s . S o m e h a v e b r e a t h e d s i g h s o f r e l i e f ; o t h e r s , i n c l u d i n g c h u r c h e s , r i g h t - t o - l i f e g r o u p s a n d t h e A u s t r a l i a n M e d i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n , b i t t e r l y a t t a c k e d t h e b i l l a n d t h e h a s t e o f i t s p a s s a g e . B u t t h e t i d e i s u n l i k e l y t o t u r n b a c k . I n A u s t r a l i a ? w h e r e a n a g i n g p o p u l a t i o n , l i f e - e x t e n d i n g t e c h n o l o g y a n d c h a n g i n g c o m m u n i t y a t t i t u d e s h a v e a l l p l a y e d t h e i r p a r t ? o t h e r s t a t e s a r e g o i n g t o c o n s i d e r m a k i n g a s i m i l a r l a w t o d e a l w i t h e u t h a n a s i a . I n t h e U . S . a n d C a n a d a , w h e r e t h e r i g h t - t o - d i e m o v e m e n t i s g a t h e r i n g s t r e n g t h , o b s e r v e r s a r e w a i t i n g f o r t h e d o m i n o e s t o s t a r t f a l l i n g . U n d e r t h e n e w N o r t h e r n T e r r i t o r y l a w , a n a d u l t p a t i e n t c a n r e q u e s t d e a t h ? p r o b a b l y b y a d e a d l y i n j e c t i o n o r p i l l ? t o p u t a n e n d t o s u f f e r i n g . T h e p a t i e n t m u s t b e d i a g n o s e d a s t e r m i n a l l y i l l b y t w o d o c t o r s . A f t e r a " c o o l i n g o f f " p e r i o d o f s e v e n d a y s , t h e p a t i e n t c a n s i g n a c e r t i f i c a t e o f r e q u e s t .A f t e r 4 8 h o u r s t h e w i s h f o r d e a t h c a n b e m e t . F o r L l o y d N i c k s o n , a 5 4 - y e a r - o l d D a r w i n r e s i d e n t s u f f e r i n g f r o m l u n g c a n c e r , t h e N T R i g h t s o f T e r m i n a l l y I l l l a w m e a n s h e c a n g e t o n w i t h l i v i n g w i t h o u t t h e h a u n t i n g f e a r o f h i s s u f f e r i n g : a t e r r i f y i n g d e a t h f r o m h i s b r e a t h i n g c o n d i t i o n . " I ' m n o t a f r a i d o f d y i n g f r o m a s p i r i t u a l p o i n t o f v i e w , b u t w h a t I w a s a f r a i d o f w a s h o w I ' d g o , b e c a u s e I ' v e w a t c h e d p e o p l e d i e i n t h e h o s p i t a l f i g h t i n g f o r o x y g e n a n d c l a w i n g a t t h e i r m a s k s , " h e s a y s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 5 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 1 . F r o m t h e s e c o n d p a r a g r a p h w e l e a r n t h a t b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > [ A ] t h e o b j e c t i o n t o e u t h a n a s i a i s d i m i n i s h i n g i n s o m e c o u n t r i e s . [B ] p h y s i c i a n s a n d c i t i z e n s h a v e t h e s a m e v i e w o n e u t h a n a s i a . [C ] t e c h n o l o g i c a l c h a n g e s a r e c h i e f l y r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e n e w l a w . [D ] i t t a k e s t i m e t o a p p r e c i a t e t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f l a w s p a s s e d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 2 . B y s a y i n g t h a t " o b s e r v e r s a r e w a i t i n g f o r t h e d o m i n o e s t o s t a r t f a l l i n g " , t h e a u t h o r m e a n s t h a t b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > [ A ] o b s e r v e r s a r e t a k i n g a w a i t - a n d - s e e a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e f u t u r e o f e u t h a n a s i a . [ B ] t h e r e i s a p o s s i b i l i t y o f si m i l a r b i l l s b e i n g p a s s e d i n t h e U . S . a n d C a n a d a . [ C ] o b s e r v e r s a r e w a i t i n g t o s e e t h e m o v e m e n t e n d u p i n f a i l u r e . [ D ] t h e p r o c e s s o f t h e b i l l t a k i n g e f f e c t m a y f i n a l l y c o m e t o a s t o p . b r bd s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 3 . W he n L l o y d N i c k s o n i s c l o s e t o d e a t h , h e w i l l b r b d sf i d = "1 8 3 " > [ A ] u n d e r g o a c o o l i n g o f f p e r i o d o f s e v e n d a y s . [ B ] e x p e r i e n c e t h e s u f f e r i n g o f a l u n gc a n c e r p a t i e n t . [ C ] h a v e a n i n t e n s e f e a r o f t e r r i b l e s u f f e r i n g . [ D ] f a c e h i sde a t h w i t h t h e c a l m c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of e u t h a n a s i a . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 4 . W h a t i s t h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s e u t h a n a s i a ? b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > [ A ] H o s t i l e . [ B ] S u s p i c i o u s . [ C ] A p p r o v i ng . [ D ] I n d i f f e r e n t . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 5 . W e c a n i n f e r f r o m th e t e x t t h a t t h e a u t h o r b e li e v e s t h e s u c c e s s o f t h e r i g h t - t o - d i e m o v e m e n t i s b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 0 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > [ A ] o n l y a m a t t e r o f t i m e . [ B ] f a r f r o m c e r t a i n . [ C ]j u s t a n i l l u s i o n . [ D ] a s h a t t e r e d h o p e . b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 2 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > P a r t B R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g t e x t c a r e f u l l y a n d t h e n t r a n s l a t e t h e u n d e r l i n e d s e g m e n t s i n t o C h i n e s e . Y o u r t r a n s l a t i o n s h o u l d b e w r i t t e n c l e a r l y o n A N S W E R S H E E T 2 . b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 4 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 5 " > D o a n i m a l s h a v e r i g h t s ? T h i s i s h o w t h e q u e s t i o n i s u s u a l l y p u t . I t s o u n d s l ik e a u s e f ul , g r o u n d - c l e a r i n g w a y t o s t a r t . b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 6 1 ) A c t u a l l y , i t i s n ' t , b e c a u s e i t a s s um e s t h a t t h e r e i s an a g r e e d a c co u n t o f h u m a n r i g h t s , w h i c h i s s o m e t h i n g t h e w o r l d d o e s n o t h a v e . O n o n e v i e w o f r i g h t s , t o b e s u r e , i t n e c e s s a r i l y f o l l o w s t h a t a n i m a l s h a v e n o n e . b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 6 2 ) S o m ep h i l o s o p h e r s a r g u e t h a t r i g h t s e x i s t o n l y w i t h i n a s o c i a l c o n t r a c t , a s p a r t o f a n e x c h a n g e o f d u t i e s a n d e n t i t l e m e n t s . T h e r e f o r e , a n i m a l s c a n n o t h a v e r i g h t s . T h e i d e a o f p u n i s h i n g a t i g e r t h a t k i l l s s o m e b o d y i s a b s u r d ; f o r e x a c t l y t h e s a m e r e a s o n , s o i s t h e i d e a t h a t t i g e r s h a v e r i g h t s . H o w e v e r , t h i s i s o n l y o n e a c c o u n t , a n d b y n o m e a n s a n u n c o n t e s t e d o n e . I t d e n i e s r i g h t s n o t o n l y t o a n i m a l s b u t a l s o t o s o m e p e o p l e ? f o r i n s t a n ce , t o i nf a n t s , t h e m e n t a l l y i n c a p a b l e a n d f u t u r eg e n e r a t i o n s . I n a d d i t i o n , i t i s u n c l e a r wh a tf o r c e a c o n t r a c t c a n h a v e f o r p e o p l e w h o n e v e r c o n s e n t e d t o i t : h o w d o y o u r e p l y t o s o m e b o d y w h o s a y s " I d o n ' t l i k e t h i s c o n t r a c t " ? T h e p o i n t i s t h i s : w i t h o u t ag r e e m e n t o n th e ri g h t s o f pe o p l e , a r g u i n g a b o u t t h e r i g h t s of a n i m a l s i s f r u i t l e s s . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " >6 3 ) I t l e a d s t h e d i s c u s s i o n t o e x t r e m e s a t t h e o u t s e t : i t i n v i t e s y o u t o t h i n k t h a t a n i m a l s s h o u l d b e t r e a t e d e i t h e r w i t h t h e c o n s i d e r a t i o n h u m a n s e x t e n d t o o t h e r h u m a n s , o r w i t h n o c o n s i d e r a t i o n a t a l l . T h i s i s a f a l s e c h o i c e . B e t t e r t o s t a r t w i t h a n o t h e r , m o r e f u n d a m e n t a l , q u e s t i o n : i s t h e w a y w e t r e a t a n i m a l s a m o r a l i s s u e a t a l l ? M a n y d e n y i t . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 6 4 ) A r g u i n g f r o m t h e v i e w t h a t h u m a n s a r e d i f f e r e n t f r o m a n i m a l s i n e v e r y r e l e v a n t r e s p e c t , e x t r e m i s t s o f t h i s k i n d t h i n k t h a t a n i m a l s l i e o u t s i d e t h e a r e a o f m o r a l c h o i c e .A n y r e g a r d f o r t h e s u f f e r i n g o f a n i m a l s i s s e e n a s a m i s t a k e ? a s e n t i m e n t a l d i s p l a c e m e n t o f f e e l i n g t h a t s h o u l d p r o p e r l y b e d i r e c t e d t o o t h e r h u m a n s . T h i s v i e w , w h i c h h o l d s t h a t t o r t u r i n g a m o n k e y i s m o r a l l y e q u i v a l e n t t o c h o p p i n g w o o d , m a y s e e m b r a v e l y " l o g i c a l " . I n f a c t i t i s s i m p l y s h a l l o w : t h e c o n f u s e d c e n t e r i s r i g h t t o r e j e c t i t . T h e m o s t e l e m e n t a r y f o r m o f m o r a l r e a s o n i n g ? t h e e t h i c a l e q u i v a l e n t o f l e a r n i n g t o c r a w l ? i s t o w e i g h o t h e r s ' i n t e r e s t s a g a i n s t o n e ' s o w n . T h i s i n t u r n r e q u i r e s s y m p a t h y a n d i m a g i n a t i o n : w i t h o u t w h i c h t h e r e i s n o c a p a c i t y f o r m o r a l t h o u g h t . T o s e e a n a n i m a l i n p a i n i s e n o u g h , f o r m o s t , t o e n g a g e s y m p a t h y . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 6 5 ) W h e n t h a t h a p p e n s , i t i s n o t a m i s t a k e : i t i s m a n k i n d ' s i n s t i n c t f o r m o r a l r e a s o n i n g i n a c t i o n , a n i n s t i n c t t h a t s h o u l d b e e n c o u r a g e d r a t h e r t h a n l a u g h e d a t . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > S e c t i o n I V W r i t i n g W i d e s p r e a d t o b a c c o c o n s u m p t i o n h a s l e d t o g r a v e c o n s e q u e n c e s , y e t t h e t o b a c c o c o m p a n i e s a r e s t i l l c l a i m i n g t h a t t h e y m a k e a v a l u a b l e c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e w o r l d e c o n o m y . W r i t e a n e s s a y b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 1 ) c r i t i c i z i n g t h e i r v i e w a n d b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 2 ) j u s t i f y i n g y o u r s t a n d . I n y o u r e s s a y , m a k e f u l l u s e o f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d i n t h e p i c t u r e s p r i n t e d b e l o w . Y o u s h o u l d w r i t e a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 6 0 ? 2 0 0 w o r d s o n A N S W E R S H E E T 2 . b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " >。
大学英语四级阅读习题及答案
大学英语四级阅读习题及答案大学英语四级阅读习题(一)1、A2、D3、C4、C5、B大学英语四级阅读习题答案Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children dont like their parentsB) parents dont feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from ones family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsible大学英语四级阅读习题(二)Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.21. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB) analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC) set a standard for football refereeingD) reexamine the rules for football refereeing22. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.A) slightly above averageB) higher than in the 1998 World CupC) quite unexpectedD) as high as in a standard match23. The findings of the experiment show that ________.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurD) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot24. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.A) the researchers involved in the experimentB) the inspectors of the football tournamentC) the referees of the football tournamentD) the observers at the site of the experiment25. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is45.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.。
2023年11月公共英语四级考试过关练习及答案
你若盛开，蝴蝶自来。
2023年11月公共英语四级考试过关练习及答案2023年11月公共英语四级考试过关练习及答案Prefer loss to unjust gain.以下是我为大家搜寻整理的2023年11月公共英语四级考试过关练习及答案，期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!EXERCISE 26Music comes in many forms;most countries have style of their own.__1_ the turn of the country when jazz wasborn,America had no prominent __2_ of its own.No one knows exactly when jazz was __3_,or by whom.But it began to be __4_ in the early 1900s.Jazz is Americas contribution to __5_ music.In contrast to classic music,which __6_ formal European traditions,jazz is spontaneous and free in form.It bubble with energy,__7_ the modds,interests,and emotions of the people.In the 1920s,jazz __8_ like America.And __9_ it does today.The __10_ of this music are as interesting as the music__11_.American Negroes,or blacks,as they are called today,were the jazz__12_.They were brought to the Southern states __13_ slaves.They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long __14_.When a Negro died his friend and relatives __15_ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery.In New Orleans,a band often accompanied the _16__.On the way to the cemetery the band played slow,solemn music suited to the occasion._17__ on the way home the mood charged.Spirits lifted.Death had remove one of their __18_,but the living were glad to be alive.The band played _19__ music,improvising on both the harmony and the第1页/共3页千里之行，始于足下。
四级阅读理解精炼习题及参考答案
四级阅读理解精炼习题及参考答案参考答案：Ⅰ. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. FⅡ. Not totally, they offer more luxurious services,longer hours. 译文：在临东京湾的时髦地区出现了奇特的仿古式场景。
它是一个温泉疗养中心, 里面逼真地模拟了日本江户末年街道、小餐馆、商店的情景, 那些年日本尚未因外来力量的冲击而发生改变。
这个名为“江户温泉神话”的浴场是董事长中村勇夫多年的梦想。
中村勇夫惋惜战后日*化的美国化及其对东京的影响。
“过去我们告诉国外游客到京都去体味和享受古朴的日本, ”中村说:“如今他们可以来这里。
”在日本的黄金时代温泉浴行业有前景的想法已经得到映证。
现在人们甚至用一个专门的词——— iyashi-sangyo , 即治疗产业, 来表示这一行业。
该行业通过提供各种服务来缓解日本似乎无止尽的经济衰退引起的焦虑。
其中包括: 熏香、按摩和短期的田间劳作, 但这些都不及温泉受欢迎, 温泉的治疗效果已是久负盛名。
日本是火山群岛, 有三万多处然温泉和三千多处大多分布在乡间小旅馆里的温泉胜地。
中村建设中的这家浴场规模和排场都是史无前例的, 是一座位于东京市中心的具有乡村风情的庞大的浴室和主题公园。
另外还有两家温泉疗养中心正在建设中, 其中一家造价比中村浴场的四千六百万美元几乎高出三倍。
在一所大学研究温泉文化的教授松田忠德说, 在市中心快速矗立起的这些庞大的设施, 暗示人们对经济的焦虑“已经一触即发”, 而投资者们想从中渔利。
东京新的浴场和传统的澡堂大同小异。
在一般的澡堂, 客人花4 美元用普通的水洗刷一下, 午夜打烊时, 他们就得离开。
东京所有新建的浴场都要用抽自地下1 700 米深处的真正的矿物温泉水。
他们提供每次最低消费为20 美元的时间更长、更舒适的服务。
尽管这股建设热潮中存在风险, 但是在日本温泉浴行业似乎充满了商机: 现有的温泉浴场每年接待3 亿白天来访的客人。
2023年公共英语四级阅读模考试题及答案
2023年公共英语四级阅读模考试题及答案2023年公共英语四级阅读模考试题及答案Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly. Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time. When you see a new word, look it up. Think about the word-- use it, in your mind, in a sentence.以下是我为大家搜寻整理的2023年公共英语四级阅读模考试题及答案，期望能给大家带来帮忙!更多精彩内容请准时关注我们应届毕业生考试网!The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s.We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.We now know that these racist views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment, than their parents U CLA sociologist Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired(陷入)in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and Underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated to (降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout rate is the highest for any ethnic group in the country.We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finallygot the answer right.1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?A) They were of inferior races.B) They were a Source of political corruption.C) The y were a threat to the nation’s security.D) They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.2. What does the author think of the new immigrants?A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.B) They can do just as well as their predecessors.C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream.3. What does Edward Telles’ research say aboutMexican-Americans?A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.C) They will melt into the African-American community.D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.4. What should be done to help the new immigrants?A) Rid them of their inferiority complex.B) Urge them to adopt American customs.C) Prevent them from being marginalized.D) Teach them standard American English.5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.A) How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documentsB) How to help immigrants to better fit into American societyC) How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the borderD) How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.参考答案：ABDCB文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
2009年全国公共英语四级专家预测试题(1)
第6题：
A．but
B．just
C．and
D．therefore
【正确答案】：A
【参考解析】：
【解析】but“但是”。本句意为当然，孩子们喜欢电子游戏，但想想你自己的经历：你还能回想起多年前的教学影带吗?哪怕只有一部。上下文是转折关系。
第7题：
A．appreciate
9月公共英语四级考题试卷及答案
9月公共英语四级考题试卷及答案Section I Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) 听力1-20略Section II Use of English (15 minutes) 英语常识In addition to the established energy sources such as gas, coal, oil and nuclear, there are a number of other sources that we ought to consider. Two of these are hydroelectric and tidal power.These two sources are 21in that they are both renewable. 22, hydropower is more widely used than tidal. In23, a substantial amount of electricity is already produced in HEP(hydroelectric power)stations worldwide,24tidal stations are still in the very early25of development.As far as geographical26is concerned, HEP projects are to be found on lakes and rivers, while tidal27are constructed only at river mouths where tidal 28is great. Unfortunately these are29in number. At present HEP stations are found mainly in Norway, Canada, Sweden and Brazil, whereas tidal plants are in30in France, Russia and China.As regards capital 31 , both require very high investment. On the other hand, generating 32are quite low in both cases. In fact, a large scale HEP plant is capable of producing power more33than conventional sources, such as coal, oil and nuclear plants. Tidal power also compares34with nuclear and oil-generated electricity,35the amount of money on production.36HEP stations, tidal constructions have a long life37. It is estimated that they can operate for over 100 years. With respect to38of supply, tidal stations 39from HEP ones in that they often can only supply power40. HEP stations, however, provide a constant supply of electricity.21、A．compatibleB．parallelC．similarD．identical22、A．FurthermoreB．HoweverC．HenceD．Otherwise23、A．additionB．briefC．generalD．fac24、A．provided B．since C．whereas D．though25、A．stages B．periods C．years D．sessions26、A．location B．position C．situation D．condition27、A．patterns B．designs C．plans D．schemes28、A．variation B．balance C．frequency D．stability29、A．small B．few C．rare D．scarce30、A．operation B．production C．procession D．action31、A．spendingB．planning C．financing D．saving32、A．expenditures B．benefits C．costs D．profits33、A．expensively B．consistently C．periodically D．cheaply34、A．conveniently B．beneficially C．advantageously D．favorably35、A．on account of B．in terms of C．regardless of D．in spite of36、A．Like B．Except C．Regarding D．With37、A．application B．endurance C．expectancyD．extension38、A．concentrationB．continuityC．conformityD．conductivity39、A．developB．differC．departD．derive40、A．interchangeablyB．immediatelyC．intermittentlyD．intensivelySection III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes) 阅读理解AText 1Inflation has just exploded. The real problem is that we have an underlyingrate of inflation--an impetus of wages chasing prices--of maybe9percent that is heading towards 10 percent. There also have been tremendous shocks inenergy, food and housing prices, making it worse.By the end of the year, we will be in asituation where year in, year out, we can look forward to at least 10 percent inflation. And the question will be: How much worse willoil, food and housing prices make that?The situation has degenerated to the pointthat the only way to turn it around is to think of some very extreme changes in policy. A policy of gradualism, where you're talkingabout a mild recession and another 1 to 2 million people unemployed, won't makemuch difference. Postponing action justmeans that inflation presses further and is even more difficult to deal with.You have to start with revenue and monetaryrestraint. All the burden now is onmonetary policy. We should shift to a much more restrictiverevenue policy and an easier monetary policy. To be significant ,the 1981 budget should becut by at least 20 billion dollars from 616 billion President Carter proposed. That's a major cut in government programs--andvery hard to do. It's impossible if yousave defense and all the programs indexed for changes in the cost of living.So it means cuts across the board in everyarea--including theindexed programs, such as Social Security and food stamps. State andlocal-government revenue-sharingprograms are another major candidate. You've also got to reopen the 1980 budget andcut that.Then I would favor wage and price controlsto break the impetus of the wage-price interaction.In order to get quick results, I'd set thestandard around 5 or 6 percent for both wages and prices.Basically , you're aiming to cut the rateof inflation in half the first year. There would be no exceptions , but you wouldfocus on large corporations and major labor settlements.For the special sectors where thebig shocks have occurred, controls won't work. Instead, you need additional policies in each one ofthose areas.There are no cheap or easy solutions to theinflation problem. My answer is to takeall the things that everybody wants to do, and instead of choosing among them,do all of them. We've got to think interms of a comprehensive program.41、In the author's opinion, the high inflationrate in the U. S. was accompanied byA．energy crises.B．mounting wages.C．housing shortage.D．shrinking market.42、The only way to reverse the worseningsituation seems to beA． a policy of gradualism.B．sacrifice of public interests.C．radical changes of policy.D．postponing of drastic actions.43、We can learn from the fourth paragraph thatA．asubstantial cut in annual revenue is called for.B．defense and social welfare programs shouldundergo cuts.C．we should leave intact programs for betteringpeople's living.D．we should exercise less control over monetarypolicy.44、The phrase" special sectors" (Line 1,Paragraph 7)most probably refers to A．energy, food and housing.B．indexed programs.C．social security and food stamps.D．large corporations and labor settlements.45、What is the text mainly about?A．The defect of U. S. monetary system.B．The causes of ever-worsening inflation in theU. S.C．Prospects for the U. S. economic situation.D． A comprehensive settlement of inflation in theU. S.Text 2For centuries the most valuable of Africanresources for Europeans were the slaves, but these could be obtained at coastal ports, withoutany need for going deep inland. Slaveryhad been an established institution inAfrica. Prisoners of war had been enslaved, as werealso debtors and individuals guilty of serious crimes. But these slaves usually were treated as partof the family. They had clearly definedrights, and their slave status was not necessarily inherited. Therefore it is commonly argued that Africa'straditional slavery was mild compared to the Vans-Atlantic slave tradeorganized by the Europeans. Thisargument, however, can be carried too far. In the most re-cent study of this subject,some scholars warned against the illusion that "cruel and dehumanizing enslavementwas a monopoly of the West. Slavery inits extreme forms, including the taking of life, was common to both Africa andthe West. The fact that African slaveryhad different origins and consequences should not lead us to deny what it was——theexploitation and control of human beings. "Neither can it be denied that thewholesale shipment of Africans to the slave plantations of the Americas wasmade possible by the participation of African chiefs who rounded up theirfellow Africans and sold them as a handsome profit to European ship captainswaiting along the coasts.Granting all this, the fact remains that thetrans-Atlantic slave trade conducted by the Europeans was entirely different inquantity and quality from the traditional type of slavery that had existed withinAfrica. From the beginning the Europeanvariety was primarily an economic institution rather than social, as it hadbeen in Africa. Western slave tradersand slave owners were acted on by purely economic considerations, and werequite ready to work their slaves to death if it was more profitable to do sothan to treat them moremercifully. Thisinhumanity was reinforced by racism when the Europeans became involved in theAfrican slave trade on a large scale. Perhaps as a subconscious rationalization theygradually came to look down on Negroes as inherently inferior, and therefore destinedto serve their white masters. Rationalizationalso may have been involved in the Europeans' use of religion to justify thetraffic in human beings. It was argued,for instance, that enslavement assured the conversion of the Africanevil-believing religions to the true faith as well as to civilization.46、In the first paragraph, the author argues thatA．the Europeans were innocent in the trade ofAfrican slaves.B．slavery in Africa and in the West was the samein nature.C．the view in the most recent studies ofenslavement is baseless.D．slaves had been treated even more cruelly inthe African tradition.47、Which of the following was true of the localAfrican slavery?A．Slaves might have their own families.B．The son of a slave might not be a slave.C．Slavery was confined to the coastal regions.D．There was no killing in African slavery.48、The sentence "This argument.．. can becarried too far" implies that A．African's traditional slavery was inhumane.B．the slavery in Africa was confined to someregions.C．supporters of this argument knew little ofAfrica.D．slave shipment was not so serious as wasimagined.49、Supporters of the rationalization of slaverybelieve that the tradeA．was out of good intents from the beginning.B．helped the development of local religion.C．was a help for civilizing the Africans.D．drove the evils out of the African religions.50、The relation between the two paragraphs isthat in the 2nd paragraph the author A．challenges the viewpoint in the 1st paragraph.B．modifies his view expressed in the 1stparagraph.C．provides the reason for the argument in the1st paragraph.D．further analyzes the issue discussed in the 1st paragraph.Text 3As West Nile virus creeps towardCalifornia, an unlikely warrior could provide the first line of defense: the chicken. The familiar fowl make irresistible targetsfor mosquitoes. Unlike crows, chickens don't get sick from West Nile. But they do produce telltale antibodies to thevirus. So in test coops scattered acrossthe state, more than 2000" sentinel chickens" submit to frequentblood tests. When antibodies do turn up, California health officials will knowthat the inevitable has occurred: the West Nile epidemic will have swept thecountry.Lastweek alone, more than 100 new human cases of West Nile were reported. The virus was detected as far west as Colorado andWyoming, infecting 371 and killing 16 people in 20 states plus the District of Columbia.This year West Nile appeared earlier in the mosquito season——mid-Juneinstead of August--and claimed younger victims; the average age dropped from 65to 54. Federal health officials arestill trying to figure out why, but say they may be finding more West Nileprecisely because they're on the lookout for it. As Dr. Julie Gerberding, the new director oftheCenters for Disease Control ( CDC), recently told reporters ," We're notin crisis mode. "WhenWest Nile hit New York City in 1999,the CDC realized it was a victim of its ownsuccess. Because health officials hadconquered most mosquito-borne diseases decades ago, many statesabolished their mosquito-control programs. The Feds rushed in with funds--some $ 50million since 1999, plus $31 million more this year alone--to train insectresearchers, set up state testing labs and kill off the annoying insects. The CDC established a new computer monitoringsystem and held strategy sessions with state officials.Someepidemiologists question the focus--and themillions--lavished on a virusthat's killed fewer than 20. "There's an epidemic in gun violencethat's taking more lives than West Nile virus," says Dr. William Steinmann, director of the TulaneCenter for Clinical Effectiveness and Prevention. But the Feds say theirefforts have kept West Nile from doing far more damage. "We're basically building theinfrastructure to deal with this over the next 50 years, "says Dr. Lyle Peterson, a CDC epidemiologist. "This is here to stay. "Sofar, there are no remedies for West Nile. Officials eventually expect the virus tosettle into a quiet pattern of mild infections withoccasional outbreaks. To do battle athome, the CDC recommends eliminating standing water and using insect spray withDEET--simple precautions, but the best defense against an invader that shows nosigns of going away.51、In California scientists use chicken toA．sweep away the West Nile epidemic.B．produce antibodies to West Nile virus.C．fight against the spread of West Nile virus.D．monitor the presence of the West Nile virus.52、According to Federal health officials, thefact that more West Nile cases have been reported indicates thatA．more states are affected.B．the average age dropped drastically.C．health officials are more alert to the disease.D．the epidemic season began a month earlier.53、CDC considered the outbreak of West Nile in1999 as a consequence ofA．the abolition of the mosquito-control programs.B．the surviving mosquito-borne infections.C．the abuse of some $ 50 million in funds.D．its failure to conquer mosquito-borne diseases.54、Feds claimed that their spending on West Nilecontrol wasA．worthwhilein the long run.B．liable to continue regardless of the greatcost.C．bound to settle the problem once and for all.D．wasteful in view of the few victims of thedisease.55、Which of the following would CDC most probablyrecommend?A．Health weighs more than wealth.B．Prevention is better than cure.C．Actions speak louder than words.D．Better late than never.Text4Jill Ker Conway, president of Smith, echoesthe prevailing view of contemporary technology when she says that" anyone in today's worldwho doesn't understand data processing is not educated. " But she insists that the increasingemphasis on these matters leave certain gaps. Says she:" The very strongly utilitarianemphasis in education, which is an effect of man-made satellites and the coldwar, has really removed from this culture something that was very profound inits 18th and 19th century roots, which was a sense that literacy andlearning were ends in themselves for a democratic republic. "In contrast to Plato's claim for the socialvalue of education, a quite different idea of intellectual purposes was advocated by the Renaissancehumanists. Overjoyed with theirrediscovery of the classical learning that was thought to havedisappeared during the Dark Ages, they argued that the imparting of knowledgeneeds no justification--religious, social, economic, or political. Its purpose, to the extent that it has one, isto pass on from generation to generation the corpus of knowledge that constitutescivilization. "What could man acquire,by virtuous striving, that is more valuable than knowledge?" askedErasmus, perhaps the greatest scholar of the early 16th century. That idea has acquired a tradition of its own. "The educational process has no endbeyond itself," said John Dewey. "It is its own end. "But what exactly is the corpus of knowledgeto be passed on? In simpler times, it was all included in the medieval universities'Quadrivium( arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music ) and Trivium(grammar,rhetoric,logic). As recently as the last century,when less than5% of Americans went to college at all, students in New England establishmentswere compelled mainly tomemorize and recite various Latin texts, and crustyprofessors angrily opposed the introduction of any new scientific discoveriesor modem European languages. "Theyfelt," said regretfully Charles Francis Adams, Jr. , the Union Pacific Railroad presidentwhodevoted his later years to writing history," that a classical educationwas the important distinction between a man who had been tocollege and a man whohad not been to college, and that anything that diminished the importance ofthis distinction was essentially revolutionary and tended to anarchy. "56、The first paragraph shows that Jill Ker Conwayaccepts utilitarian emphasis in educationA．wholeheartedly.B．with reservation.C．against her own will.D．with contempt.57、Education for education's sake was probablyopposed byA．scholars in the Renaissance period.B．Jill Ker Conway.C．scholars in the Dark Ages.D．Plato.58、The idea that education transmits knowledge isdated back toA．the Renaissance humanists.B．the medieval universities.C．the 18th century's American scholars.D．the cold war period.59、It can be inferred that Charles Francis Adams,Jr.A．devoted his later years to classical education.B．was an advocate of education in history.C．was an opponent to classical education.D．regretted diminishing the importance of thedistinction.60、According to the third paragraph, which of thefollowing is true?A．Five percent of American college studentslearnt Latin texts.B．Students in New England learnt Latin texts inofficial organizations. C．Students were compelled to learn modemEuropean languages.D．American college students had to learn Latingrammar by heart.阅读理解BNeither the Americans nor the Russians havethe resources to continue human space flight on their own; both sides know they need eachother. 61 )It's much easier andcheaper to get used to each other and to blend differing operating styles,languages, and systems on the aged Mir (a Russian word for "peace" )than trying to do that while jointly building a new space station. NASA, in fact, calls itsprogram of shuttle flights to Mir Phase 1 of the International SpaceStation(ISS). Phase 2 marks the beginning ofactual construction. The procedures usedto dock the shuttle to Mir, for example, also will be used as a lifeboat forthe ISS. And Progress freighters, likethe one that crashed into Mir in June, will haul cargo to the ISS. 62)One unintended benefit of Mir'stechnical troubles is that they have actually forced the two nations to workmuch more closely together than they had planned.Except for a brief period in the 1970s withSkylab, NASA has never operated a space station;the Russians have been running them foryears. Astronauts have long been trainedintensively to perform specific tasks on shuttle flights lasting 18 days orless. 63)Russian astronauts, however,learn more general skills, since they spend many months in orbit and no one canforecast all the problems they might encounter. As a result of shuttle-Mir experience, NASA isrevising astronaut training to include more of the general skills they willneed on the ISSNASA decided to send astronauts to Mir based on its long record of safeoperation. But this year, crews aboardMir have faced two of the most serious emergencies in the history of human spaceflight. 64) In February, an oxygengenerator caught fire , shooting out 4-foot-long jets of flame like; fireextinguishers were bolted in place, delaying reaction to the fire. In June, a Progress Freighter collided withthe Spektr module, puncturing it. Spektrhad to be sealed off to prevent all the air from leaking from the spacecraft. 65 ) The ancient computer that controls Mirhas failed many times , causing most other systems, including the one thatkeeps the station's solar panels pointed at the sun, to shut down. One failure in August occurred while aProgress was docking. Last week, the computercrashed again, the carbon dioxide removal system shut down, anda mysteriousbrown fluid-probably rocket fuel——appeared to leak from the station.61、__________62、__________63、__________64、__________65、__________写作Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay on it. In your essay ,you should(1) describe the cartoon briefly,(2) analyze this situation, and(3) give your comments.You should write 160 ~ 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.参照答案及精析部分听力理解1～20略第二部分英语知识运用参照译文除了那些人们所熟知的能源，例如天然气、煤、石油、核能，我们还应该关注其他许多新能源。
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析
英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析(1)Section CDirections：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A.，B.，C.and D..You shouM decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage.With so many of the deaths each year from around the world directly related to poor health choices we make.world health leaders have set a goal of lowering the number of preventable deaths by 25%from 2010 rates by 2025.That would save 37 million lives over 15 years.Reporting in thejournal Lancet，public health experts note that the ways to prevent those deaths areat surprising.But acting on those strategies will take individual and political will.Heres how the experts hope to do it.Not smoke.The UN General Assembly set a target of cutting smoking around the world by 30%by 2025.Already,higher-income nations that already adopted smoking bans in public places and instituted tobacco taxes have seen drops in smoking rates，however,residents in lower-income nations continue to light up at high rates.Limit excessive drinking.While moderate amounts of alcohol have been linked to some health benefits，overindulging can increase the risk of certain cancers and liver disease，as well as contribute to high blood cating people about the risks of excessive drinking，as well as instituting taxes on alcoholic products，has been somewhat successful in curbing(遏制)abuse.Cut back on salt.High sodium (钠)diets can increase blood pressure and contribute to heart disease and stroke，and in many developed countries，people eat several times the amount the salt their bodies need.In the U.S.，the average American consumes about 800mg more salt every day than health experts consider acceptable.Promoting alternatives，such as the citric acid in lemons，to satisfy the need for salt， Call help to bring sodiunl consumption down.Get blood pressure under ck of exercise and high sodium diets contribute to hypertension(高血压)，and uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke and heart disease.Monitoring blood pressure with regular screenings，and treating elevated levels with changes in diet and exercise，or medications if necessary,are the most effective ways to address this risk factor.Address diabetes.Closely tied to the obesity epidemic(肥胖病)that now affects developing as well as developed nations，diabetes can increase the risk of heart disease，kidney disease and other conditions that can shorten life.Studies show that lifestyle changes incorporating healthy diets low in sugar and physical activity call be as effective as medications in keeping blood sugar levels in check.56.What does the author mean by sayin9“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”(Line 4-5，para.1)?A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice.B. Conducting those strategies needs to consider both personal and official will.C.Carrying out those strategies needs both individual and govemmental support.D.Either individual or government can carry out those strategies.57.What have high.income countries done to smoking?A. Banned smoking in the public and reduced tobacco taxes.B.Banned public smoking and established tobacco taxes.C. Dropped smoking rates and banned smoking in public.D. Dropped smoking rates and lowered tobacco taxes.58.What is the authors suggestion to sodium consumption?A.Eat lemons instead of excessive salt to cut down sodium consumption.B.Take in as less salt as possible for the sake of health.C. Take in at least 800mg of salt every day.D.Never take in salt but citric acid to keep fit.59.What carl you learn about hypertension from the passage?A. Moderate amount of alcoholis good for blood pressure contr01.B.American people have a less opportunity to develop hypertension.C.Regular blood pressure monitoring can reduce the risk of diabetes.D.Controlling blood pressure properly can reduce the risk of stroke and heart disease.60.What should we do to address diabetes?A.Keep a low.sugar diet.B.Take physical exercise.C. Receive drug treatment.D. All of the above.56.What does the author mean by saying“acting on those strategies will take individual and political will”(Line4.5，para.1)?作者说引号中的这句话是什么意思?A.Both politicians and individuals wish to put the strategies into practice.政府和个人都希望将这些策略投入使用。
公共英语四级-146
公共英语四级-146(总分：65.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Use of English(总题数：1，分数：20.00)All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply 1 to all of us 2 the covers of books -- but we must know how to avail ourselves 3 this treasure and how to get 4 from it. The most 5 people all over the world, are 6 who have never discovered how 7 it is to read good books.I am very interested in people, in meeting them and 8 about them. Some of the most 9 people I"ve met existed only in a Writer"s imagination, then 10 the pages of his book, and then, again, in my imagination. I"ve found in books new friends, new societies, new words.If I am interested in people, others are interested not so much in who 11 in how. Who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundred centuries in the future all the way back to the first 12 in history; how 13 everything from the ingenious explanations of Sherlock Holmes 14 the discoveries of science and ways of teaching manners to children.Reading can make our minds feel pleased, 15 means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness 16 you a good reader. Reading is 17 , not because the writer is telling you something, 18 because it makes your mind work. Your own imagination works together with the 19 or even goes beyond his. Your experience, 20 his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.（分数：20.00）efulB.newC.readableD.available √解析：[解析] available“可获得的，可利用的”。
公共英语四级-119_真题-无答案
公共英语四级-119(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1No one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demeaning to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of the whole. The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a large, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual oneself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in school, eliminates all envy **petition in a matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good-quality clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same type of food. When this happens, all incentive to improve one"s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly.Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Salespersons would be superfluous as well: why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. Our entire information and entertainment industries would founder.1. The author"s viewpoint on uniforms can best be described as ______.A. practicalB. hystericalC. radicalD. critical2. Judged from its style, this passage might be found in ______.A. a children"s comics bookB. an editorial in a paperC. a sociology textbookD. a political platform3. It can be inferred that the author believes that ______.A. individuals have no self-worth when they become part of an organizationB. individuals are more important than organizationsC. individuals are not so important as organizationsD. individuals are the same important as organizations4. The author brings in the example of a parent striving to make life better for his children to make the point that ______.A. parents have responsibilities for their childrenB. uniforms would be less expensive than clothing for childrenC. uniforms cause dissension between parents and childrenD. individual motivation would be destroyed by uniforms5. The last word of the passage "founder" probably means ______.A. collapseB. shrinkC. disappearD. establishText 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it **ment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence.Dullness and loneliness **mon problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn"t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developedsociety, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor"s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ______.A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB. small-minded officials deserve a **mentC. Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD. most Americans are ready to offer help2. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.A. culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB. courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC. various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD. social interrelationships equal **plex set of cultural conventions3. Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ______.A. to improve their hard lifeB. in view of their long-distance travelC. to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD. out of a charitable impulse4. The tradition of hospitality to strangers ______.A. tends to be superficial and artificialB. is generally well kept up in the united StatesC. is always understood properlyD. has something to do with the busy tourist trails5. What"s the author"s attitudes toward the American"s friendliness?A. Favorable.B. Unfavorable.C. Indifferent.D. Neutral.Text 3Today, there are many avenues open to those who wish to continue their education. However, nearly all require some break in one"s career in order to attend school full time. Part-time education, that is, attending school at night or for one weekend a month, tends to drag the process out over time and puts **pletion of a degree program out of reach of many people. Additionally, such programs require a fixed **mitment which can also impact negatively on one"s career and family time. Of the many approaches to teaching and learning, however, perhaps the most flexible and accommodating is that called distance learning.Distance learning is an educational method, which allows the students the flexibility to study at his or her own pace to achieve the academic goals, which are so necessary in today"s world. The timerequired to study many be set aside at the student"s convenience with due regard to all life"s other requirements. Additionally, the student may enroll in distance learning courses from virtually any place in the world, while continuing to pursue their chosen career. Tutorial assistance may be available via regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, teleconferencing and over the Internet. Good distance learning programs are characterized by the inclusion of a subject evaluation tool with every subject. This precludes the requirement for a student to travel away from home to take a test.Another characteristic of a good distance-learning program is the equivalence of the distance-learning course with the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus. The resultant diploma or degree should also be the same whether distance learning or on-campus study is employed. The individuality of the professor/student relationship is another characteristic of a good distance-learning program. In the final analysis, a good distance learning program has a place not only for the individual students but also the corporation or business that wants to work in partnership with their employees for the educational benefit, professional development, and business growth of the organization. Sponsoring distance learning programs for their employees gives the business the advantage of retaining career-minded people while contributing to their personal and professional growth through education.1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of part-time education?A. It requires some break in one"s career.B. It tends to last too long for many people to complete a degree program.C. It affects one"s career.D. It gives the student less time to share with the family.2. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of distance learning?A. The students may choose his or her own pace.B. The students may study at any time to his or her convenience.C. They can pursue their chosen career while studying.D. Their tutorial **es through regular airmail, telephone, facsimile machine, etc.3. What benefit will distance-learning program bring to a business?A. Recruitment of more talented people.B. Good image of the business.C. Better cooperation with universities.D. Further training of employees and business growth.4. What benefit will distance learning bring to an employee of a business?A. Professional growth.B. Good relationship with the employer.C. Good impression on the employer.D. Higher salary.5. Which is not the characteristic of distance learning?A. It includes a subject evaluation tool with every subject.B. Its course uses the same subject materials as those students taking the course on the home campus.C. A distance-learning program has a place only for students.D. The relationship of the professor/student is characterized by individuality.Text 4I remember the way the light touched her hair. She turned her head, and our eyes met, a momentary awareness in that raucous fifth grade classroom. I felt as though I"d been struck a blow under the heart. Thus began my first love affair. Her name was Rachel, and I mooned my way through the grade and high school, stricken at the mere sight of her, tongue-tied in her presence. Does anyone, anymore, linger in the shadows of evening, drawn by the pale light of a window—her window—like some hapless summer insect? That delirious swooning, asexual but urgent and obsessive, that made me awkward and my voice crack, is like some impossible dream now. I would catch sight of her, walking down an aisle of trees to or from school, and I"d become paralyzed.She always seemed so poised, so self-possessed. At home, I"d relive each encounter, writhing at the thought of my inadequacies. We eventually got acquainted and socialized as we entered our adolescence, she knew I had a case on her, and I sensed her affectionate tolerance for me. "Going steady" implied a maturity we still lacked. Her Orthodox Jewish upbringing and my own Catholic scruples imposed an inhibited grace that made even kissing a distant prospect, however fervently desired. I managed to hold her once at a dance—chaperoned, of course. Our embrace made her giggle, a sound so trusting that I hated myself for what I"d been thinking. At any rate, my love for Rachel remained unrequited. We graduated from high school, she went on to college, and I joined the Army.When World War II engulfed us, I was sent overseas. For a time we corresponded, and her letters were the highlight of those grinding endless years. Once she sent me a snapshot of herself in a bathing suit, which drove me to the wildest of fantasies. I mentioned the possibility of marriage in my nest letter, and almost immediately her replies became less frequent, less personal. Her Dear John letter finally caught up with me while I was awaiting discharge. She gently explained the impossibility of a marriage between us. Looking back on it, I must have recovered rather quickly, although for the first few months I believed I didn"t want to live. Like Rachel, I found someone else, whom I learned to love with a deep and **mitment that has lasted to this day.1. According to the passage, how old was the author when his first love affair began?A. Before he entered his teens.B. In his early teens.C. In his middle teens.D. When he was just out of his teens.2. How did the author behave as a boy in love?A. His first love motivated him toward hard study.B. His first love evoked sentimental memories.C. He was overpowered by wild excitement and passion.D. He fulfilled his expectations and desires.3. According to the passage, what held them back from a loving kiss?A. Her Jewish origin did not allow it.B. His Catholic adherence forbade it.C. They were not sure whether it was proper or ethical to kiss in line with their religious decorum.D. Kissing was found to be inelegant or even distasteful.4. According to the passage, what was Rachel"s response to the author"s tender affection before the war?A. She recognized and accepted his love affectionately.B. She thwarted his affection by flatly turning him down.C. She fondly permitted him to adore her without losing her own heart to him.D. She didn"t care for him at all and only took delight in playing with his feelings.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?A. Statement and example.B. Cause and effect.C. Order of importance.D. Linear description.。
公共英语四级-280_真题-无答案
公共英语四级-280(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionThis section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.Part AFor Questions 1-5, you will hear an announcement about a cinema program. While you listen, fill out the table with information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice.GALA CINEMA WEEK BEGINNING OCTOBER 22Studio One Voyage to JupiterPrograms at 2:30 and (1)Seat prices: ￡3 for adults and(2) for children, students & senior citizensStudio Two The Marvelous (3)Special offer this week only — all seats (4)Studio Three Master DragonOne performance daily at 7:30For further information and booking office phone (5)【点此下载音频文件】1.2.3.4.5.Part BFor Questions 6-10, you will hear a lecture about child development. While you listen, complete the sentences or answer the question. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. Youwill hear the recording twice.【点此下载音频文件】6. Who is the speaker talking to?7. What is the main topic of this talk?8. When do children first begin to make language-like noises?9. At what age do most children begin to master the basics of grammar?10. What does the speaker say about the grammatical mistakes that four-year-olds make?Part CYou will hear three dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C, or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer. You will hear each piece only once.Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about the history of daylight saving time.【点此下载音频文件】11. According to the speaker, when are clocks in the United States set back?A. In the spring.B. In the summer.C. In the fall.D. In the winter.12. According to the speaker, how would most people probably have characterized Benjamin Franklin's plan for daylight saving time when it was proposed?A. As confusing.B. As innovative.C. As amusing.D. As wasteful.13. According to the speaker, what was the effect of the Uniform Act of 1966?A. To standardize daylight saving time.B. To establish year-round daylight saving time.C. To abolish daylight saving time.D. To shorten daylight saving time.Questions 14-16 are based on the following talk about a driver's experience.【点此下载音频文件】14. Why did the driver stop his car the first time?A. Because he saw a black cloud following his car.B. Because he heard a loud noise from the back of the car.C. Because he heard a strange noise from the back of the car.D. Because he wanted to get something from the gas station.15. What solution did the police suggest?A. To cover the rear wheel of the car with bees.B. To call a local beekeeper to deal with the situation.C. To put the queen bee and her followers in a barge box.D. To hide a passenger in the rear part of the car.16. How did the driver and the beekeeper feel at the end of the story?A. Both of them felt thankful to the other.B. Both of them had a sense of relief.C. Both of them liked the unexpected gift.D. Both of them felt it strange.Questions 17-20 are based on the following talk about tidal wave.【点此下载音频文件】17. What does the word "tsunami" mean in Japanese?A. Tide.B. Storm wave.C. Earthquake.D. Strong wind,18. According to the passage, what causes tidal waves?A. Earthquake.B. Storms.C. Seaquake.D. Tides.19. Which of the four statements is true of tidal wave?A. It is the regular rise and fall of ocean waters.B. It comes at definite times of each day.C. It comes rushing in suddenly and unexpectedly.D. Scientists can hold back a tidal wave.20. What is the use of a seismograph?A. it is used to record the strength of an earthquake or seaquake.B. it is used to record the direction of an earthquake or seaquake.C. It is used to record the length of time of an earthquake or seaquake.D. It is used to predict when a tidal wave will hit land.Section Ⅱ Use of EnglishRead the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank.The rate at which man has been storing up useful knowledge about himself and the universe has been spiraling upward for 10,000 years.The (21) took a sharp upward leap with the invention of writing, but even (22) it remained painfully slow over centuries of time. The next great leap forward (23) knowledge acquisition did not occur (24) the invention of movable type in the 15th century by Gutenberg and others. (25) to 1500, by the most optimistic (26) Europe was producing books at a rate of 1,000 titles per year. This means that it (27) a full century to produce a library of 100,000 titles. By 1950, four and a half (28) later, the rate had accelerated so sharply that Europe was producing 120,000 titles a year. (29) once took a century now took only ten months. By 1960, a (30) decade later, the rate had made another significant jump, (31) a century's work could be completed in seven and a half months. (32) , by the mid-sixties, the output of books on a world (33) , Europe included, approached the prodigious figure of 900 titles per day.One can (34) argue that every book is a net gain for the advancement of knowledge. Nevertheless we find that the accelerative (35) in book publication does, in fact, crudely (36) the rate at which man discovered new knowledge. For example, prior to Gutenberg (37) 11 chemical elements were known. Antimony the 12th, wasdiscovered (38) about the time he was working on his invention. It was fully 200 years since the 11th, arsenic, had been discovered. (39) the same rate of discovery continued, we would by now have added only two or three additional elements to the periodic table since Gutenberg. (40) , in the 450 years after his time, some seventy additional elements were discovered. And since 1900 we have been isolating the remaining elements not at a rate of one every two centuries, but of one every three years.21.A. accumulationB. developmentC. knowledgeD. rate22.A. soB. ifC. thenD. when23.A. toB. byC. fromD. in24.A. untilB. sinceC. whenD. before25.A. AsB. DueC. PriorD. Next26.A. examplesB. estimatesC. evidenceD. evaluation27.A. would takeB. had takenC. was takingD. would have taken28.A. decadesB. centuriesC. dozensD. years29.A. ThisB. TheseC. ItD. What30.A. plainB. historicC. singleD. eventful31.A. now thatB. so thatC. asD. when32.A. HoweverB. ButC. AndD. Therefore33.A. scopeB. sphereC. scaleD. stretch34.A. thereforeB. hardlyC. accordinglyD. therefore35.A. lineB. circleC. diagramD. curve36.A. fitB. likeC. resembleD. parallel37.A. aboutB. onlyC. more thanD. less than38.A. inB. atC. onD. for39.A. AsB. HadC. IfD. With40.A. In additionB. In turnC. InsteadD. In particularSection Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Passage 1The earliest stages of photography are in many ways the most satisfying. Learning to handle the controls is easy **es quickly, and you can measure the results in terms of sharp and correctly exposed pictures. Once you have mastered that, you can start on the second stage of your photographic career. Applying these basic skills in a wide range of situations to give the pictures you want, concentrating on what you see through the viewfinder and tuning that into the mosteffective picture becomes totally absorbing.All good photographs have one thing in common: there is no doubt what the subject of the picture is meant to be. Focus, exposure **position all lead your eye to the same point, they all make the subject of the picture stand out. Every photographer must apply those same standards to his or her work, not only to the finished results but to the subject before he or she takes it. Always work out quite clearly what the subject of the picture is to be and why you are taking the picture. For example, "I am going to take a picture of this street to show the different styles and ages of the buildings and that people have been living, working and shopping in them since time began." By doing this you have a better idea of what to include in the picture and what to leave out. How often have you been shown photographs taken by people away on a trip somewhere? **mentary is always similar, something about "the car park is out of the picture to the left", or "you can't quite see from this picture but if you go up the street ...". The photographs are usually confusing collections of buildings, people, parked cars, possibly a distant glimpse of an ancient cathedral, and best of all, a figure which you are told is Aunt Henrietta, disappearing in the middle distance. When photographers show you their pictures, they have a clear idea of what they want to bring to your attention, but it often does not appear in the picture. If they had given just a little of their time to think about their **mentary before taking the picture, then the picture would relate its own story. Good **municate quickly and easily.41. By saying "The earliest stages of photography are in many ways the most satisfying", the author means thatA. the skills of photography are not as satisfactory nowadays as before.B. the earliest pictures were the best pictures people have ever taken.C. the present-day photography depends more on technolog7 than on art.D. learning to produce a sharp and correctly exposed picture is only the first step in photography and is easily learned.42. A photographer must first learn toA. use the equipment.B. look through the viewfinder.C. concentrate hard.D. compose an interesting picture.43. Deciding on the purpose of the photograph in advanceA. allows you to leave out unnecessary material.B. allows you to stand in the best place.C. helps you to vary the subjects of your pictures.D. means you waste less time.44. Many photographers are failures becauseA. their pictures include both buildings and people.B. the details are out of focus in their pictures.C. the subjects of their pictures are not obvious.D. the explanation given for their pictures is confusing.45. This extract is taken from a book onA. photography for the expert.B. how to photograph people.C. choosing the right camera.D. improving photographic techniques.Passage 2Decision-making is a complex business subject **bines the **plicated elements of the operational and theoretical aspects of management. The ability to implement the decision-making process is often determined by environmental factors rather than the steps in some "ideal" model. Decisions are frequently influenced more by the environment and structure of the organization than by the method itself. The process of decision-making will, therefore, be examined in light of environmental factors.One of these factors — social and cultural background — affects the interaction among people involved in the decision-making process and provides the cultural framework within which they **fortably operate. The best alternative for solving a problem, for example, might be to replace an employee who is unsuited for a position. However, if in the society's culture there is a tradition of lifetime employment with **pany, that alternative is not really feasible because of social and cultural restrictions.With regard to the structure of an organization, there are a number of factors that may alter the "ideal" decision-making process. The amount of flexibility within an organization and the available resources (such as facilities, technology, or fiscal reserves) are often controlling factors. The amount of data available may also limit the range of alternatives that can be considered. Another organizational factor is the importance of the decision being made in relation to other problems and responsibilities of management. The relative importance of one decision is weighed against the amount of effort involved in finding a solution and the benefit **pany will receive from its implementation.Three other factors also influence the following of a model decision process: time, creativity, and risk. The amount of time available to make a decision for a given problem is often determined by the environment, not the management. The time factor may affect the creativity of the solution to a problem. The risk associated with a particular course of action may be lessened by use of a group rather than an individual decision-maker. Time, resources; and culture may affect the workability of a group process, although research shows that groups **e up with better solutions than individuals.Decision theory and the "ideal" decision-making model tend to picture the process as one in which managers operate by themselves, free of restrictions of time, data, and resources. The reality of the decision process is much less a step-by-step procedure than it is a series of practical considerations directly influenced by the social, cultural, and organizational environment.46. The decision-making process is often influenced byA. the operational aspects of management.B. the theoretical aspects of management.C. the environment and structure of the organization.D. the method of decision-making itself.47. The social and cultural background can affectA. the interaction among people involved in the decision.B. the cultural framework.C. the traditional life-time employment.D. the social and cultural restriction.48. Which of the following is the least important factor that may alter the ideal decision-making process?A. The amount of flexibility within an organization.B. The control of data available.C. The amount of technical training **pany can offer.D. The abundance of resources.49. Which of the following are factors that also influence decision-making?A. Time, creativity, environment.B. Time, creativity, risk.C. Creativity, risk, management.D. Time, risk, management.50. Groups of experts **e up withA. better solutions than individuals.B. worse solutions than individuals.C. no solution at all.D. a lot of solutions.Passage 3Everyone knows that the world has too many people. But how many people are too many? By what standard is the Earth overpopulated? Certainly not in terms of living space. The world's entire population could fit into Jacksonville, Florida, in the USA, with everyone having standing room. Dense cities often are surrounded by nearly empty countryside. For overpopulation to be real, there must be conditions that are undesirable and unmistakably caused by the presence of a certain number of people. If such indications cannot be found, we are entitled to dismiss the claim of overpopulation.In arguing their case, believers in overpopulation make references to a vague standard known as "carrying capacity", colorfully illustrated with stories about bacteria and herds of zebras (anything but human beings). Famine, deepening poverty, disease, environmental degradation and resource depletion. Yet on no account is there evidence to support the claim of overpopulation.In fact, during the 20th century there has been no famine that has not been caused by wars, irrational economic policies or natural disasters. Food is abundant and is becoming cheaper and more plentiful. That good news is due largely to technological advances (the "green revolution") that have provided better seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and methods of farming. The only obstacles to agricultural progress are those created by governments. Imagine what the world would be liketoday if the fertile farmland of India or Russia had been in productive private hands operating in free markets for the past several decades. Since permitting market incentives in agriculture, India has become a net food exporter and China has experienced a boom in agricultural production.Catastrophists argue that the bright past does not imply a bright future; they assert that mankind has crossed some fateful threshold. Those who annually predict imminent famine seize on any change as evidence that man's alleged strain on the environment is finally beginning to show. Thus, if the price of seafood rises, they announce that the seas are nearing exhaustion. They never consider the more plausible possibilities, such as the shift in diet from meat to fish, the decline of the Russian industry during the political break-up of the Soviet Union, or the lack of property rights in the world's oceans and lakes.51. In paragraph 1, the writer suggests that the world's populationA. would fit into one American city.B. has certainly become too big.C. has generally low standards.D. would be better off with more standing room.52. The phrase "such indications" (Line 6, Paragraph 1) refers toA. densely-populated cities surrounded by nearly-empty countryside.B. overpopulation being real.C. an undesirable situation resulting from there being too many people,D. all the above.53. The writer suggests that "carrying capacity" (Line 2, Paragraph 2)A. is something that is best illustrated in animal books.B. is an accepted standard of overpopulation.C. has been the subject of many good stories.D. is a very unclear concept.54. The writer suggests that there might be more agricultural advancements ifA. government put up fewer obstacles.B. there was a green revolution.C. there were better seeds and methods of farming.D. there were more technological advances.55. What point of view do "catastrophists" hold?A. They consider fate is the only important viewpoint and ignore the future.B. They think we do not have a good future.C. They try and predict natural disasters,D. They feel we should learn from our past experience.Passage 4Although there had been an astonishing variety of small cameras developed, it was not until George Eastman introduced the Kodak in 1888 that the mass appeal of photography seizedAmerica and Europe and thereafter spread quickly to the far corners of the earth. Eastman called his new famous camera the Kodak for no particular reason except that he liked the word. It was easy to remember and could be pronounced in any language.An immediate consequence of Eastman's invention was a blizzard of amateur photographs that soon became known as snapshots. The word was borrowed from hunters' jargon. When a hunter fired a gun from the hip, without taking careful aim, it was described as a snapshot. Photographers referred to the process of taking pictures as shooting, and they would take pride in a good day's shoot the way country gentlemen would boast about the number of birds brought down in an afternoon.The Kodak made photography not only easy but fun. Almost overnight photography became one of the world's most popular hobbies. A new and universal folk art was born; the showing of one's latest pictures and the creation of family albums became popular social pastimes. Camera clubs and associations numbered their members in the millions. One ardent amateur was the French novelist Emile Zola, who took innumerable photographs of his family, friends, and travels. Interviewed about his favorite hobby in 1900, he observed, "In my opinion you cannot say you have thoroughly seen anything until you have got a photograph of it.""The little black box", as the Kodak was affectionately dubbed, revolutionized the way **municated. "A picture is worth a thousand words" was the claim and there were literally billions of pictures. In one year alone —1988, the centenary of the invention of the Kodak —it is estimated that close to thirty billion were taken in the United States alone. The impact of the sale of photographic equipment on the economy is equally mind-boggling.Photography has played an essential role in the media revolution. It has vastly enhanced our ability to convey information, so that the concept of the global village has become a commonplace. Photographs have immeasurably extended our understanding of **passion for our fellow human beings.Did Mr. Eastman have the faintest idea of the power residing in his "little black box"?56. What was the underlying significance of the invention of the Kodak?A. It made the work of professionals more enjoyable.B. It made picture-taking suddenly popular among ordinary people.C. It marked the beginning of manufacturing small cameras.D. It met the need of photographers in America and Europe.57. Snapshot, as is explained in the passage, refers toA. the shooting of birds by hunters.B. the whole process of taking pictures.C. pictures taken at random.D. pictures that were taken after careful preparation.58. Which of the following is NOT a result brought out by the Kodak according to the passage?A. A new folk art came into existence.B. Enjoying pictures became a popular hobby.C. The number of professional photographers increased quickly.D. Camera clubs and associations flourished.59. From context clues, we can guess that the word "centenary" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) meansA. celebration.B. one hundred years.C. a noteworthy year.D. an annual celebration.60. The popularity of photography has not only revolutionized the way **municate, but it hasA. benefited the economy to a large extent.B. increased the efficiency of information conveyance.C. improved the understanding between human beings.D. All of the above.Part BRead the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.To begin with, let us try to pin down exactly what publishers mean when they talk about "good writing" for children. A useful starting point would be to take a look at some of the children's books which won literary prizes last year. Reading these books is one of the easiest and most enjoyable ways of: (a) finding out what individual publishers are publishing at the moment, and (b) learning a few tricks of the trade from well-established professionals. 61) It goes without saying, of course, that slavishly copying the style and subject matter of a successful author is usually a recipe for disaster. Nor should you become downhearted after reading a particularly brilliant piece of work, and miserably think you will never be able to match up to those standards. 62) Remember, overnight success is rare — most successful children's authors will have struggled long and hard to learn their trade. Read these books as a critic; note down the things you enjoyed or admired, as well as areas where you feel there was possibly room for improvement. After all, nobody is perfect, not even a successful, prize-winning author.Possibly the toughest challenge is right at the youngest end of the age range — the picture book. 63) The would-be author/illustrator is attempting to create an exciting story out of the narrow, limited, everyday world of a young child's experience —not easy at all. The whole storyline has to be strong enough to keep the reader turning the pages, yet simple enough to fit into a few pages. 64) Another problem for the new picture-book author is that it can seem that every subject and every approach has been done to death, with nothing new left to say. Added to this, printing costs are high because of full color illustrations, which means that the publisher will probably want a text that suits the international market to increase sales, and a novel for ten-year olds, with hardly any pictures at all, starts to look much more inviting.So, to return to the question asked at the beginning: What exactly is "good writing" for children? 65) The answer is that it is writing which is fresh, exciting and unpredictable, and which gives a new and original angle on what might be a well- worn subject. But do not be put off if you feel that you simply cannot match up to all these requirements. While there is obviously no substitute for talent, and the ability to come up with suitable ideas, many of the techniques for improving and polishing your manuscript can be learned.61.62.63.64.65.Section Ⅳ Writing66. Manners are very often referred to as "the lubricating oil of the society". Write an essay on the topic "The Importance of Good Manners". Your essay should include the following two main points:1) The lack of good manners in the present society;2) The importance of good manners.You should write 160-200 words.。
公共英语四级考试阅读C备考练习
公共英语四级考试阅读C备考练习2017年公共英语四级考试阅读C备考练习PETS是教育部考试中心设计并负责的全国性英语水平考试体系。
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以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于公共英语四级考试阅读C备考练习，供大家备考。
Part CYou are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list [A]—— [ G ] that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (51 —— 55). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build You Kids' Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF.Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG .Build Your Kids' Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job' s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult' s need for rapid content,the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call "work-life unreadiness" :(51)You can start this process when they are ll or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.(52)Kids need a range of authentic role models--as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes .Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying "I have no idea. " They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.(53)Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.(54)Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats forlong stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.(55)They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) While becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.下载文档。
[20__年公共英语考试四级阅读强化训练(一)]四级阅读强化训练600题答案
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Hawaii"s native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago"s political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii"s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state"s homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii"s first native governor, Joahn Waihee, hasgiven the natives" cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state -- as enjoyed by many American Indiannatives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives" interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Hawaii"s native minority refers to_________________.A. Hawaii"s ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood2. Which of the following statements is true ofthe Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.3. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii"s first native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.4. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.5. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ____________.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the US参考答案：CDABD。
公共英语四级-335
公共英语四级-335(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：42,195）解析：[听力原文]1-5W = Reporter M = JimW: Hello Jim. I'm from your local newspaper the Daily Post and I'd like to ask you some questions about the London marathon race that you've just finished.M: That's right. What would you like to know?W: Firstly, for the benefit of our readers, exactly how long is the marathon?M: It's 26 miles 385 yards, or if you'd like it in metric it's 42,195 kilometers.W: Thanks. Now how many runners were there altogether?M: More than ever this year... there were 16,417.W: My goodness, that's a lot! What position did you finish in the race, Jim?M: Well, I'm quite pleased with my performance. I came 2,014th.W: That's better than last year, isn't it?M: Yes, I finished 3,470th then--but it was my first effort.W: By the way, what time did the race start today?M: 9 o'clock. And the winner finished at 11:30.W: So he took two and a half hours. That's excellent. How long did you take?M: Three and three quarter hours--but I know I can do better. Did you know that the record is 2 hours 10 minutes?W: I didn't know. That's fantastic! Do you know how long the slowest runner took?M: No... he hasn't finished yet!填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：16,417）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：2,014 th）解析：填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：3,470 th）解析：填空项1:__________________解析：三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).The speaker makes an announcement about the afternoon（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：programme (s).）解析：[听力原文]6-10Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention please. On behalf of the Hospitality Department, first I welcome you to the City Zoo. Now I'd like to explain the program we've arranged for you here this afternoon. There'll be three animal shows. The first show will begin at three o'clock in the marine arena. And you'll certainly be attracted by the dolphins' and the killer whales' interesting--and sometimes silly—actions. After that comes the second show. This is feeding the monkeys and apes at four o'clock, in the primate center. Please don't feed the animals with any sweets, biscuits, or fruit you may have brought with you, because these kinds of food can upset the animals' normal diet. You can, of course, help the staff in feeding the apes and monkeys with specially-prepared food, and in playing with the monkeys, too. The last show will begin at 4:30 in the giant bird cage. Dr. Smith will be with you as your guide, he'll point out to you more than 300 species of birds from Central and South America. If you have any questions about these shows or other forthcoming events at the zoo, please ask the people at the information desk at the main entrance. They'll be very happy to help you. I hope you'll enjoy your visit. Thank you very much.(2).The first show will begin in the marine arena at（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：3 o'clock.）解析：(3).If visitors provide food for the animals, this may upset the animals'（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：normal dict.）解析：(4).A tour to the giant bird cage will be guided by（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：Dr. Smith.）解析：(5).If people have any inquiries, they can go to the information desk at（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：the main entrance.）解析：四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11--13 are based on the following dialogue. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.Questions 11--13 are based on the following dialogue. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11--13.（分数：3.00）(1).What kind of proof did the man probably have when he bought the radio?（分数：1.00）A.A receipt and the cheque stub.B.The guarantee and the receipt. √C.The radio and the box.D.The credit card and a receipt.解析：[听力原文]11-13M: Good morning, Miss. I'd like to speak to the manager.W: I am the manager, Sir. How can I help you?M: Oh, really? It's this radio. It doesn't work.W: Mm... did you buy it here?M: What do you mean? Of course I bought it here. Look, you switch it on and nothing happens. W: Could I see your receipt?M: Receipt? I haven't got one.W: Oh, you should have got a receipt when you bought it.M: I perhaps did. I must have thrown it away.W: Ah, well, have you got any other proof of purchase, the guarantee, for example?M: No. It must have been in the box. I threw that away, too.W: Oh, dear. You really ought to have kept it. We need to know the exact date of purchase. M: What? I only bought it yesterday! That young man over there served me. Oh, I paid by cheque. I've got the cheque stub.W: That's all right then. Did you check the radio before you left the shop?M: Check it? No, it was in the box. I hoped it would work. It wasn't a cheap radio. It's a good make.W: You should have checked it.M: Come on! Do not tell me what I should have done, and do something! Either give me my money back or give me another raido.W: There's no need to get aggressive, Sir. Let me look at it... mm... you see this little switch on the back?M: Yes?W: It's on "main", and it should be on "battery". You really should have read the instructions. M: Oh!(2).When did the man buy the radio?（分数：1.00）st week.B.The day before yesterday.C.Yesterday. √D.This morning.解析：(3).What is wrong with the radio?（分数：1.00）A.It has no instructions.B.It has run out of battery.C.The switch is in broken.D.The switch is the wrong position. √解析：Questions 14--16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.Questions 14--16 are based on the following passage. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14--16.（分数：3.00）(1).Why are "How To" books in great demand in the United States?（分数：1.00）A.Because the rich do not always satisfy.B.Because many people read books only for pleasure.C.Because these books help Americans out of trouble.D.Because the books meet the needs of different readers. √解析：[听力原文]14-16In America today, books with suggestions on how to do things are very popular. There are about four to five thousand books with rifles that begin with the words "How To", One book may tell you how to earn more money, another may tell you how to save or spend it, and another may explain how to give your money away.Some "How To" books tell you how to find a job and how to succeed at it. If you fail, however, you can get a book called How to Turn Failure into Success. If you would like to become very rich, you can buy the book How to Make a Million. If you never make any money at all, you may need a book called How to Live on Nothing.One of the most popular types of books is one that helps people with their private problems. If you are unhappy with your life, you can read How to Love Every Minute of Your Life. If you are tried of books on happiness, you may prefer a book called How to Get Yourself in Trouble. There is even a hook about how to take your own life.(2).What is one of the most popular types of books?（分数：1.00）A.The book that help people with their personal problems. √B.The book that tell you how to earn more money.C.The book that tell you how to choose a job.D.The book that tell you how to make progress.解析：(3).Which title best gives the ideas of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Americans Like Reading.B."How To" Book, a True Friend. √C."How To" Book Is Popular.D.Americans Like Books.解析：Questions 17--20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.Questions 17--20 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17--20.（分数：4.00）(1).Why are we far from satisfied with our basic needs?（分数：1.00）A.Because we should save extra money for future expenditure.B.Because we have other wants in addition to our basic needs. √C.Because we all enjoy reading books.D.Because man is never satisfied even if he has everything he wants.解析：[听力原文]17-20What do we mean by a satisfactory standard of living? Obviously, it must include the basic necessities of life such as food, clothing and shelter.To obtain these necessities on a regular basis, a person must have a reliable income. But we have other needs which we would probably also describe as basic, for example, health and education facilities and security.All of these we may define as our needs. But most of us would be far from satisfied if we had nothing more than these provided for us. We all enjoy having extra income to spend on things such as books, sports, or hobbies. Sometimes we save some of this extra income to provide for future expenditure of this type on holidays, for example. So in addition to our basic needs, we must add our wants. Our standard of living is the degree to which these needs and wants are satisfied.(2).What can be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.We should be satisfied with our life.B.We should develop good habits.C.A reliable income makes the satisfactory standard of living possible. √D.To provide for future expenditure is wise.解析：(3)."Shelter" refers to（分数：1.00）A.safe.B.shell.C.house. √D.income.解析：(4)."Expenditure" means（分数：1.00）A.exercise.B.expense. √C.style.D.cost.解析：五、Section Ⅱ Use of English(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In the past, the Park Service focused on making the big scenic parks more (21) and comfortable for tourists. Roads were paved to allow "windshield visitors" to experience the grandeur of nature without leaving their cars, and a (22) number of hotels and grocery stores were permitted to open (23) the park boundaries.Now this trend is changing. Plans have been made to (24) the parks to their natural condition as much as possible. The objective of such a move would be to secure the preservation of the parks for future generations, (25) allowing present-day visitors to experience pure wilderness, (26) from any obvious signs of civilization -- an opportunity which is quickly disappearing in the twentieth century. (27) plans call only (28) a reduction in the number of cars (29) into the parks each day, but (30) , tourists may have to leave their cars at the gates and then either visit the park on foot (31) use park (32) (33) , stores and hotels may no longer be allowed within park boundaries and even the number of campgrounds may be restricted.Denali National Park in Alaska serves as an excellent (34) for this new type of park, one which has been changed only slightly from its (35) state. There is only one road, unpaved in (36) , which cross (37) Denali. As car traffic is strictly limited, many visitors experience the magnificent (38) and wildlife from a park bus. There are no hotels or stores and only seven campgrounds within Denali's 3,000 square miles. This (39) isolation offers backpackers, canoeists, and other sport enthusiasts a (40) physical and psychological challenge.（分数：20.00）A.possibleB.accessible √C.approachableD.reachable解析：[解析] accessible“易接近的”，通常指物；approachable“易亲近的”，指人。
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2019年公共英语四级阅读练习题（1）
2019年公共英语四级阅读练习题（1）
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is 41 the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of 42 breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words 43 a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may 44 unfavorable reactions in the listener 45 interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.
46 inaccurate or indefinite words may make 47 difficult for the listener to understand the 48 which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be 49 to explain or describe in a 50 that can be understood by his listeners.
41?[A] of [B] at
[C] for [D] on
42?[A] inaccessible [B] timely
[C] likely [D] invalid
43?[A] encourages [B] prevents
[C] destroy [D] offers
44?[A] pass out [B] take away
[C] back up [D] stir up
45?[A] who [B] as
[C] which [D] what
46?[A] Moreover [B] However [C] Preliminarily [D] Unexpectedly 47?[A] that [B] it
[C] so [D] this
48?[A] speech [B] sense
[C] message [D] meaning
49?[A] obscure [B] difficult [C] impossible [D] unable
50?[A] case [B] means
[C] method [D] way
参考答案：
ACBDC ABCDD?。