汉译英之谓语的选择共23页文档
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(完整版)2013汉英翻译谓语选择
汉英主谓结构的差别
汉语的分析型(analytic)语言VS. 英语的综合型(synthetic)语言 汉语的复杂谓语成分VS.英语的 单一谓语成分 汉语谓语的多主动式VS.英语谓 语的多被动式
分析型语言VS综合型语言 汉语分析型语言典型特征： 1. 无词尾屈折变化 (inflection) 2. 词没有阳性和阴性的变化，没有表阳性和阴性的词
汉语句子中的谓语可以是一个主谓词组，而英语 的句子不可以用主谓词组充当谓语．例如：
他们正在谈论的那位女教师品格正直． The woman teacher they are now talking about is upright.
武汉这个地方，我认为比深圳好． I think WuHan is better than Shenzhen.
谓语成分的复杂性VS单一性
1. Her fiancéis already 60 years old. 2. He wants to eat at the Macdonald’s. 3. Fast food is not wholesome, after all. 4. Samsung Brand cell phones look beautiful. 5. History is made by the people. 6. He is good for nothing but hijacking vehicles
2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement,
3. but when it comes they may feel a little disappointed.
4. Unwilling to resign themselves to the prospect of being put on the scrap heap, they try to seek alternative outlets for their energies and alternative sources of income that employment can provide.
25谓语的选择
问题解决了。
The problem has been solved.
大家都觉得这样做不妥。
It is generally considered not advisable to do that.
必须采取措施来控制水污染。
Measures have to be taken to control the water pollution.
请您为大家表演一个节目。 You are requested to give us a performance. 茶会上只供应茶和蛋糕。
Only tea and cake were served at the tea party.
书到后应立即付款。 You are supposed to pay right after the books are delivered．
众所周知，中国人在四千年前 就发明了指南针。 It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
据报道，有五位游客在车祸中 丧生。
It is reported that five tourists were killed in the traffic accident.
明天下午两点开教学研究会， 全体教师务必参加。
There will be a Teaching Symposium at 2：00 p. m. tomorrow．All the faculty is expected to attend．
汉英翻译课件之 谓语确定
Two thirds of the swampland has/have been reclaimed for farming. Forth minus fifteen leaves/leave twenty-five. Seven plus/and five makes/make twelve. All of the cargo was/were lost. All of the crew were/was saved.
句子翻译之谓语确定
英汉谓语之比较
英语句子谓语只有动词和动词词组才能充当； She was smiling. He likes translation. They have become health-conscious. John is at home. We gave him advice. We consider that plan wonderful. He has put the salt on the table. The children might have been playing in the garden. I agree with you on that point. In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.
学校教育不仅要抓智育，更要重视德育。 Schools must provide students not only sound intellectual training, but, more importantly, moral development.
2 汉语动词无时态变化，时态概念通过词汇手段来
大学在推动经济增长方面的作用已是有目共睹。 Already, the university’s role as an engine of economic growth is well recognized. 我们的国防变得越来越巩固和强大。 Our national defence becomes more and more consolidatory and powerful. 他在会上说的话非常正确，非常有说服力。 What he said at the meeting is very right and persuasive. 他们ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ言语和行动充满了信心和自豪。 They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.
谓语的选择
谓语的选择一、所选择的谓语应在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
1.乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物。
The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural areas.2.王教授精通好几门外语，他有资格在那种场合担任译员。
Professor Wang, who has a good command of several foreign languages, is qualified to be an interpreter on that occasion.As Professor Wang has a good command of several foreign languages, he is qualified to be an interpreter on that occasion.二、所选择的谓语必须保持时态与原文语义相吻合。
1.他做实验时心不在焉，几乎引起化学药物爆炸。
His absent-minded during the experiment nearly caused an explosion of the chemical.2.他过去的那副尊容，只要你见过一次，无论什么时候你都不会忘记。
He had a face that once you saw is never forgotten.3.本公司全体同仁竭诚为各界服务。
Our corporation will whole-heartedly serve various circles.4.该机是市场紧俏产品，既是音响又是精美的高档家具。
This product has sold well since it was put on the market, not only as an exquisite sounder, but also as a piece of high-grade furniture.三、所选择的谓语必须与主语在逻辑上搭配得当。
汉译英谓语的选择与翻译
汉译英谓语的选择与翻译作者：张立恒来源：《科学与财富》2015年第33期摘要：汉语动词句英译时，常需要转化为系动词或虚义动词谓语结构句，动词谓语转译为译句的补语、主语或宾语。
谓语动词的转换翻译一般使译句正式庄重，语域提高，且适应不同的语用要求：转译为系动词谓语结构补语，是从语言而非言语角度，对语义内容作概括表述；转译为主语，是为恰当表述论述主题，或便于上下文的衔接和照应；转译为宾语名词，虚义动词结构为修饰语提供了自由的句法框架。
关键词：谓语动词；转换；系动词结构；虚义动词结构；汉英翻译一、引言主语和谓语在句子中起着“主心骨”的作用。
句子的主语和谓语就像一棵树的主干，只有恰当的确定了主语和谓语，整个句子的结构关系才能脉络分明。
在分析句子时是如此，在将句子译成英文时亦是如此。
汉语的谓语喝英文的谓语差别很大。
前者的范围非常宽泛，可以用来充当谓语的成分也多种多样，因而汉语主谓搭配的形式复杂多变。
英语的谓语则只能由动词来充当，其形态比较稳定，对于非谓语动词，英语赋予它们已非常严谨的非定式形态。
二、英语被动句的翻译方法具体来说，汉语谓语与英语谓语的差别表现在以下几个方面：1. 汉语的谓语无人称和数的变化，不管主语是单数还是复数，不管主语是第几人称，谓语的语态都不变。
而英语的谓语有人称和数的变化，其单、复数和人称要依据主语来定。
例如：（1）我来自上海。
I am from Shanghai./ I come from Shanghai.（2）你来自北京。
You are from Beijing./ You come from Beijing.从上面三个句子可以看出，不管主语是第几人称，汉语中作谓语动词用来的“来”都没有形态上的变化，但英译文中与之对应的部分分别以am或come（主语为第一人称单数）、are或come（主语为第二人称单复数均可）和is或comes（主语为第三人称单数）译出。
很明显，汉译英时，译者必须时时考虑到英语中的谓语动词与主语在人称和数上的一致性。
汉译英(谓语的确定和否定翻译)
表达，英译时谓语时态要与原文一致； 新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济 也有了很大发展。 窗户玻璃打破了。 在教室里，有人问了老师许多问题。 今年要多考几个资格证。
据说，他已经去了日本。 It is said that he has gone to Japan. 已经达成了多项协议。 A lot of agreements have been reached. 今年要出台多项新政策。 Many new policies will be formulated this year. 同学们选他做代表，他很高兴。 His classmates elected him representative, he was very glad. 这位驾驶员开车时心不在焉，几乎引起一场车祸。 The driver’s absent-mindedness during his driving nearly caused a traffic accident. 他从未料到问题会这么复杂。 He has never expected that the problem is so complicated.
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。
He is out. 他出去了。
英汉语言宏观对比
汉语的动态倾向表现在：
1、动词连用(连动式和兼语式句子) 他想办法摆脱了困境。(连动式) He thought his way out of the dilemma. 我们请她唱歌。(兼语式) We asked her to sing. 2、动词(词组)可以充当汉语句子的各种成分 他们喜欢乘火车旅行。(连动式词组做宾语) They enjoy traveling by train.
Every boy and every girl in this room is/are entitled to a copy. Many a man and woman in this community finds/find himself and herself in need. My sisters or brother is/are likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers are/is coming. Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were/was confident of victory.
据说，他已经去了日本。 It is said that he has gone to Japan. 已经达成了多项协议。 A lot of agreements have been reached. 今年要出台多项新政策。 Many new policies will be formulated this year. 同学们选他做代表，他很高兴。 His classmates elected him representative, he was very glad. 这位驾驶员开车时心不在焉，几乎引起一场车祸。 The driver’s absent-mindedness during his driving nearly caused a traffic accident. 他从未料到问题会这么复杂。 He has never expected that the problem is so complicated.
你完全不懂你在婚姻方面应承担的责任。
He is out. 他出去了。
英汉语言宏观对比
汉语的动态倾向表现在：
1、动词连用(连动式和兼语式句子) 他想办法摆脱了困境。(连动式) He thought his way out of the dilemma. 我们请她唱歌。(兼语式) We asked her to sing. 2、动词(词组)可以充当汉语句子的各种成分 他们喜欢乘火车旅行。(连动式词组做宾语) They enjoy traveling by train.
Every boy and every girl in this room is/are entitled to a copy. Many a man and woman in this community finds/find himself and herself in need. My sisters or brother is/are likely to be at home. Either my father or my brothers are/is coming. Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were/was confident of victory.
(完整版)2013汉英翻译谓语选择
这一证书课程分在三年中学完． The certificate course of studies will spread over three years.
谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当
1. 抓紧施肥
1. pay close attention to or attend
2. 取得成就
to the task of manuring
2. 今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。
Some things were said here tonight that ought not to have
been spoken.
3. 众所周知，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。
It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
After-class practice for last lecture
1. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.
2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement,
After-class practice for last lecture
5. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.
6. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.
谓语必须与宾语在逻辑上搭配得当
1. 抓紧施肥
1. pay close attention to or attend
2. 取得成就
to the task of manuring
2. 今晚有人在此讲了些不该讲的话。
Some things were said here tonight that ought not to have
been spoken.
3. 众所周知，中国人在四千年前就发明了指南针。
It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
After-class practice for last lecture
1. Attitudes towards retirement vary from person to person.
2. Some people think that they will enjoy their time in retirement,
After-class practice for last lecture
5. Others have already prepared themselves for the significant change in their lives.
6. Tired out after all exhausting life revolving around work, they are anxious to relax in retirement with all the strains relieved.
英语翻译学谓语的选择
一想到要出国深造，他就激动不已 – The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited. • He felt greatly at the thought of going abroad for further study
• 原文若为有形式标志的被动式，译文中也 用被动式作谓语
鼎湖山整个地区为热带、亚热带森林所覆盖， 气候独特。 • Dinghu Mountain is covered by tropical as well as subtropical forest and has unique climate.
家家房顶上都装上了供沐浴用的太阳能热水 器。 • A solar heater is installed on the roof of every house, providing warm water of the shower.
据说，核电站正在筹建中。 • Nuclear power plants are said to be under preparation for construction.或It’s said that nuclear power plants are under preparation for construction.
从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历 史方面的知识。
• We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.
•
The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
中译英技巧-谓语动词的选择
2.
3.
科技兴农在中国发展粮食生产方面存 在着巨大的潜力。 在着巨大的潜力。 The application of science and technology to agriculture points to huge potential in the development. development. 这一证书课程分三年学完。 这一证书课程分三年学完。 This certificate course of studies will spread over 3 years. years.
7.
“ 跳竹竿 ” 每年从开春之日起 ， 直至 跳竹竿” 每年从开春之日起， 元宵，几乎夜夜灯火通明， 元宵，几乎夜夜灯火通明，欢跳不息 热烈气氛充溢着山坡村寨。 ，热烈气氛充溢着山坡村寨。 The “bamboo dance” starts from the very beginning of the year and lasts until the Lantern Festival, during which time villages where lights are on and dance continues throughout the night are vibrant with festivity. festivity.
3.
5.
我的态度，你现在骂我玩世不恭也好，不负责 我的态度，你现在骂我玩世不恭也好， 任也好，我告诉你， 任也好，我告诉你，我盼望这一次是我们最末 一次谈话了。 一次谈话了。 My attitude, you may now call it flippancy or irresponsibility. irresponsibility. But to be honest with you, I hope this will be our last conversation. conversation.
汉译英(谓语的确定和否定翻译)
我常去北京。 I often go to Beijing. 他常去上海。 He often goes to Shanghai. 他昨天去了常州。 He went to Changzhou yesterday. 从这三个例子看出，汉语的谓语无形态变化， 而英语的谓语有变化。
英译时谓语的确定
1 谓语确定应充分、贴切传达愿意； 中国经济将融入世界经济大潮。 The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy. The economy of China will converge with that of the world. 中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。 The central government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR. The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.
英汉语言宏观对比
3、汉语动词常常重复或重叠 要吃有吃，要穿有穿。 You will have enough to eat and sufficient to put on. 说说笑笑，跑跑跳跳，孩子们过得十分愉快。 Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time.
汉语的谓语也是句子中的重要成分，但汉语 的谓语除了用动词充当，还可以用形容词、 名词或其他词语充当。 他买了一本书。 他是江苏人。 小王今年29岁。 南京的秋天很美。 我的老师今天不在学校。
在英语句子中，作谓语的动词对句子其他成 分的形式和句子结构有很大影响。谓语受 主语支配，在人称和数上必须和主语一致。 He has put the salt( them) on the table. 汉语句子中主语和谓语只要求在语义上一致， 而无须在形式上对应。汉语句子中谓语不 受主语支配，没有人称、数和时态变化。
汉译英——谓语的确定
• 原文若是形容词，名词，数量词或介词短 语做谓语，译文常用系表结构作谓语． 你们一定知道，这种打字机轻便高效， 经久耐用又经济实惠，适合高中学生使 用． • You are well aware that this type of typewriter is portable and durable, economical and practical for high school students.
• 与主语在逻辑上搭配得当． • 1. 这次旅游可选择的地方有北京、上海或 西安． • The tour will include Beijing, Shanghai and Xi’an. • 2. 这一证书课程分在三年中学完． • This certificate course of studies will spread over three years.
• 原文若同时有几个动词出现，（句中的谓 语由连动词组或兼语词组充当），译文应 选择一个主要动词做谓语，其他动词用其 他形式（非谓语动词，介词短语等） 第二天早晨，她腋下夹着几本书回来了． • The next morning, she came back home with some books under her arm.
• 经过多年努力，我们国家用仅占世界百分 之七的耕地，养活了占世界百分之二十的 人口，使十一亿人民基本解决了温饱问题。 • China has, through many year’s efforts, basically solved the problem of feeding and clothing its 1.1 billion people, which make up 22 percent of the world’s total population, though it tills only 7 percent of the world’s total cultivated land.
汉译英(谓语的确定和否定翻译)讲解共52页
40、学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。——孔子
汉译英(谓语的确定和否定翻译)讲解
11、获得的成功越大，就越令人高兴 。野心 是使人 勤奋的 原因， 节制使 人枯萎 。 12、不问收获，只问耕耘。如同种树 ，先有 根茎， 再有枝 叶，尔 后花实 ，好好 劳动， 不要想 太多， 那样只 会使人 胆孝懒 惰，因 为不实 践，甚 至不接 触社会 ，难道 你是野 人。(名 言网) 13、不怕，不悔(虽然只有四个字，但 常看常 新。 14、我在心里默默地为每一个人祝福 。我爱 自己， 我用清 洁与节 制来珍 惜我的 身体， 我用智 慧和知 识充实 我的头 脑。 15、这世上的一切都借希望而完成。 农夫不 会播下 一粒玉 米，如 果他不 曾希望 它长成 种籽； 单身汉 不会娶 妻，如 果他不 曾希望 有小孩 ；商人 或手艺 人不会 工作， 如果他 不曾希 望因此 而有收 益。-- 马钉路 德。
谢谢！
36、自பைடு நூலகம்的鞋子，自己知道紧在哪里。——西班牙
37、我们唯一不会改正的缺点是软弱。——拉罗什福科
xiexie! 38、我这个人走得很慢，但是我从不后退。——亚伯拉罕·林肯
39、勿问成功的秘诀为何，且尽全力做你应该做的事吧。——美华纳
25谓语的选择
众所周知，中国人在四千年前 就发明了指南针。 It is well known that the compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.
据报道，有五位游客s reported that five tourists were killed in the traffic accident.
Fusional / inflecting language
A language in which THE FORM OF A WORD changes to show a change in meaning or grammatical function. There is no clear distinction between the basic part of the word and the part which shows a grammatical function such as number or tense. Latin, “amo” “amat”
明 示 时 态
我在看报纸。 I am reading the newspaper. 你总是只说不做。 You are always telling, never doing. 昨晚你在干吗？ What were you doing last night? 明天八点你干什么？ What will you be doing at eight tomorrow? 我一直盼着能有机会去香格里拉。 I‟ve been hoping I‟d have a chance to go to Shangri-la.