初中英语语法动词PPT课件

He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态
We study English.主动 The road was filled with rubbish. 被 动
He has flown to America. 事实 I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望
助动词 (aux. v.)
情态动词 (mod. v.)
跟动词原形或分词 （无词汇意义）
跟动词原形（有自 己的词汇意思）
不能独立做谓语，跟主要动 He doesn’t speak
词构成谓语，表示疑问，否 Chinese.
定及各种时态
I am watching TV.
不能独立做谓语。表示说话 人语气、情态，无人称和数 的变化
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三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词
1、谓语动词(如下)
2、非谓语动词
形式
意义
与主语在人称一致
人称
举
例
I am reading now. 第一人称
数
与主语在数上一致
He writes well. 第三人称单数
时态 语态 语气
表示动作发生的时间
主语是动作的发生者或者承受 者
说话人表达事实、要求、愿望 等
e.g. I saw him today.
He came late three times this week.
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一般过去时的练习
1. I saw him this morning.（改为否定句、疑问句并做回答）
2. He came late three times this week.（同上）
常与always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，once a week，yearly 每年，monthly每月， 等时间状语或频率副词连用。
（2）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力 eg.He works hard.他努力工作
（3）表示客观事实或普遍用法
eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than sound
分 词
现在分词
副词作用， 表主动
宾语补足语
起形容词、
The steam is seen rising from
过去分词 副词作用，
the wet clothes.
表被动
1.一般现在时
（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态 eg.We often write to each other.
我们时常相互通信。
一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类
类别
实义动词 (vt. vi.)
系动词 (link-v)
特点
及物动词跟宾语
不及物动词不能直 接接宾语 跟表语
意义
举例
须跟宾语一起才能表达完整 I have a book.. 的意思
能独立作谓语
She always comes late.
不能独立做谓语，跟表语构 I am a student. 成完整意思
We can do it by ourselves.
That would be better.
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二、短语动词 ：由一些动词和其它词构成短语， 表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式 如下
构成方式 动词+介词 动词+副词 动词+副词+介词
动词+名词+介词
Be+形容词+介词
复杂结构
举例
Look at, look after Give up, put into Catch up with, look down upon Take care of, pay attention to Be proud of, be afraid of Make up one’s mind
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2.一般过去时
(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态. e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?
(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态. e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.
3. Jim came late three times this week.(分别对a,b,c,d提问)
a
b
c
d
4. A．I_______(be) 12 last year.
B．—_______(be)the doctor in the hospital last night?
e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon? My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.
(5).一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用.
(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等.
e.g. At that time she spoke very good English.
(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if 等引导的状语从句连用.
（4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时 eg.You will succeed if you try .
I will tell him about it as soon as I see him next Monday.
常与连词：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引导的 时间状语或条件状语从句
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2、非谓语动词
形式 不定式
意义
用途
举例
起形容词和 可作主语、表语、宾 It takes me 20 minutes to go to
名词作用 语、定语、状语
school
动名词
起名词作用 作主语和宾语
She likes reading.
起形容词、 作表语、定语、状语、 The cup is broken