研究生英语 翻译+答案
研究生综合英语翻译及课后答案
Unit One---Coping with the ComplimentIII. VocabularyA.1. came up with2. The chances are3. fell flat4. bestowed upon5. downright6. put your mind7. appalled8. verdict9. poise 10. blurted outB.1. inarticulate2.insults3. inept4. glowingly5. execrable6. enhance7.invite8. sickly9. adroit 10. charmingC.1. A2.C3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D8.A9.C 10.AIV. Cloze1. hesitant 6. external 11. Given 16. achieved2. playing 7. lurking 12. for 17. equal3. contributes 8. whose 13. perspective 18. based4. or 9. because 14. drawback 19. enters5. confidence 10. withhold 15. competition 20. enhancingV. TranslationA.我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。
你对他们中的一个人赞叹道，“这是我曾经见到过的最漂亮的房子”，他立刻回应道，“您大驾光临，更使蓬荜生辉。
”让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。
要想回敬他们是没有用的——不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风的。
有一点很清楚：所有得体的社交最根本的就在于保持镇定。
Eliza. W. Farrar，写过一本美国最早的关于礼仪方面的书。
她在书中讲述了在新英格兰举行的一次高雅的宴会上主人切鹅的故事，阐述了保持镇定的重要性。
研究生综合英语答案及翻译
Unit One An Image or a MirageIII. VocabularyA.1. unassuming2. stemmed from3. infallible4. had taken to5. prospect6. flabby7. More often than not8.devious9. tipped the scales in her favor 10. rapportB.1. instinctual2.immediate3. deposit4. frail5. seedy6. magnetic7. extroverted8. book9. unwarranted 10. refinedC.1. D2.C3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8.B9. D 10.BIV. Cloze1. which2. run3. concerned4. familiar5. evident6. even7.what8.Consequently 9 knowing 10.By 11. one 12. how 13. Once 14. obtainable 15. yourself 16. mind 17. from 18. never 19. pays 20. consideredV. TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。
他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。
这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。
就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。
我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。
再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。
然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。
新时代研究生综合英语课后翻译答
新时代研究生综合英语课后翻译答案Unit One1。
I don't put much stock in the idea of luck. I think that usually things go well or not so well for people based on their actions。
I believe that for the most part you create your own luck by working hard, practicing self—discipline，remaining persistent，and making personal growth a daily priority。
我不相信幸运这一类事情. 我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为。
我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作, 自我约束, 坚持不懈, 把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运.2。
Most careers involve other people. You can have great academic intelligence and still lack social intelligence-——the ability to be a good listener, to be sensitive toward others，to give and take criticism well. 许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与)。
你可能具有超强的学术能力, 然而缺少社交能力, 即有能力倾听别人, 对其他人(的反应）敏感，甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评.3。
If your circumstances constantly get you down, then maybe it's time for a change--—not in your situation, but in your attitude. If you can learn to make the best of any situation，you can remove a formidable obstacle that stands between you and your dreams.如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉, 也许你的确该改变一下了, 可能不是改变你的位置，但至少是你的态度。
《研究生英语》(第二版)练习答案及译文
研究生英语练习答案及译文Unit OneTextA Brief History of EnglishKey to ExercisesIV. Cloze: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. Fill each blank with a proper word.1.Firstly2. and3. whom4. but5. either1.number 7. no 8. rest 9. expanding 10. because Translation of the Text英语简史保罗罗伯茨想要掌握英语这门语言就必须了解英语的历史，然而对此我们只能做到略有所知。
因为英语的历史漫长而复杂，我们只能抓住其发展过程中的几个关键时期。
英语的历史起源于公元600年之后，而对于公元600年之前的英语史前阶段我们只能揣测而无法证实。
公元前1000年左右，英语民族的祖先（盎格鲁-撒克逊人）生活在北欧森林之中，他们的语言属于印欧语系中的日耳曼语支。
这些盎格鲁-撒克逊人是如何迁移到英格兰的，对此我们知之甚少。
然而据我们所知，在很长一段时间内盎格鲁人、撒克逊人、朱特人一直在为巩固他们在英格兰的定居地而战。
他们与凯尔特人的战争持续了一百多年，直到英格兰境内的凯尔特人不是被杀，就是被迫流亡到威尔士或沦为奴隶。
这就是亚瑟王时期。
亚瑟王不完全是一个传说人物，他是个受过罗马文明影响的凯尔特人，是一位将领，或许不是一位国王。
他也曾打败过盎格鲁-撒克逊人，但只是一时的胜利。
到了公元550年前后，盎格鲁-撒克逊人才最终定居下来。
英语从此来到了英格兰。
我们习惯上把英语的历史分为三个阶段：古英语，中世纪英语和现代英语。
古英语从最早的历史记载即公元七世纪到大约1100年；中世纪英语从1100年到1450或1500年；现代英语从1500年至今。
现代英语也可以再分为早期现代英语（1500年到1700年）和后期现代英语（1700年至今）。
《研究生英语精读教程》课后翻译题答案
第一单元1.你对他说的话不能为你这种行为辩护。
(justify)What you did cannot be justified by what you said to him.2.你认为他会因为同主教的私人关系而免受宗教迫害吗? (immune from)Do you think he would be immune from religious persecution by reason of his personal relation with the Bishop?3.你对心理医生的忠告采取什么态度会影响到你是否会再做恶梦。
(recur)Whether your nightmare recurs depends on your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist.4.乐观主义者成功的秘诀在于他们是用积极的态度对待失望和失败。
The secret to the success of optimists is that they deal with disappointments and failures in a positive way.5.悲观主义者往往容易失败，部分原因就是一个人对自己的看法常常是一种能够自我实现的预言。
(in part)The reason that a pessimist tends to fail is, in part, that a person's opinion about himself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy.6.在幼儿的性格特征没有来得及发展之前，他们的行为不如大多数成年人的行为那样保持一致(consistent)。
In very young children, before traits have had much chance to develop, behavior is less consistent than it is in most adults.第二单元1.那个政客以许多事实和数字作为武器。
研究生英语翻译答案
Chapter Two Comparison Between English & ChineseLexical Differences:1 W ord Meaning1) absolutely equivalent meaningUsu. Proper names; technical terms; names of objects2) partly equivalent meaning3) no equivalent meaningUsu. Newly-appeared words; or those only existing in one culture4) poly-meaning wordsA) Usually children have no school on Saturdays.B) This professor doesn’t belong to any school.C) Both of his sons graduated from the law school.D) At the beginning of every term we have a school meeting.E) She attended a dancing school when she was five.2 CollocationTo cut wheat 割麦子To cut cake 切蛋糕To cut finger-nails 剪（或修）指甲To cut branches from a tree 砍掉树上的枝丫To cut a stone into an image of Buddha 把石头雕刻成佛像To cut a hole in a wall 在墙上挖一个洞吃药to take medicine吃后悔药to regret吃香to be very popular吃惊to be surprised吃苦to bear hardships吃透to have a thorough grasp吃斋to be a vegetarian for religious reasons吃馆子to dine out吃鸭（零）蛋to get a zero in an exam or to score nothing in a game吃一堑，长一智 a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit3 W ord orderUsu. the use of attributive and adverbial is different.Classroom practice:1. soft pillow ___________ soft music ___________soft cushion ___________ soft wood ___________soft money ___________ soft drink ___________soft breeze ___________ soft light ___________soft voice ___________ soft fire ___________soft hat ___________ soft words ___________soft answer ___________ soft goods ___________soft heart ___________ soft water ___________2 . regular reading ___________ regular flights ___________regular job ___________ regular visitor ___________regular speed ___________ regular gasoline ___________regular verb ___________ regular army ___________ 3 . run into debt ___________ run for presidency ___________run wild ___________ run a factory ___________ run the streets ___________ run a fever ___________ run to the extremes ___________ run to seed ___________Chapter Three Lexical TranslationSection One Choice of word meaningOne with the help of word class1. The net income of the peasants in the county averages 8458 Y uan this year.2. Though an average student with average intelligence, his achievements surprised all of the students and teachers.3. Tom’s school work is above the average.4. 十年树木，百年树人。
新时代研究生综合英语课后翻译答
新时代研究生综合英语课后翻译答案Unit One1. I don’t put much stock in the idea of luck. I think that usually things go well or not so well for people based on their actions. I believe that for the most part you create your own luck by working hard, practicing self-discipline, remaining persistent, and making personal growth a daily priority.我不相信幸运这一类事情. 我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为. 我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作, 自我约束, 坚持不懈, 把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运.2. Most careers involve other people. You can have great academic intelligence and still lack social intelligence---the ability to be a good listener, to be sensitive toward others, to give and take criticism well. 许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与). 你可能具有超强的学术能力, 然而缺少社交能力, 即有能力倾听别人, 对其他人(的反应) 敏感, 甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评.3. If your circumstances constantly get you down, then maybe it’s time for a change---not in your situation, but in your attitude. If you can learn to make the best of any situation, you can remove a formidable obstacle that stands between you and your dreams.如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉, 也许你的确该改变一下了, 可能不是改变你的位置, 但至少是你的态度. 如果你能学会很好地利用任何情况, 你就能消除掉挡在你和你梦想之间的可怕的障碍.4. Anybody can make an honest mistake when things are hectic. But people lacking focus have trouble not because they’re too busy, but because their priorities are not of whack. And that wastes their time and resources.任何人在忙忙碌碌的时候都会犯错误. 但是注意力不集中的人经常遇到麻烦不是因为他们太忙了, 而是因为他们缺乏优先考虑的事情. 这样, 不仅浪费了他们的时间, 也浪费了资源.5. If you resist change, you’re really resisting success. Learn fexibility, or learn to like living with your failures.如果你拒绝变化, 你就是拒绝成功. 学会机动灵活, 否则就得学会习惯忍受失败.6. The greater your talent, the more likely you are to lean heavily on it and skip the hard day-to-day work of improving it. If you possess this negative tendency, put yourself on a growth plan so that you can make the most of your God-given talent.你的天分越大, 你就有可能越倚赖于天分, 甚至跳过日复一日完善它的艰苦工作. 如果你有了这样消极的倾向, 给自己定一个进步计划, 这样你就能充分利用好上帝给你的天赋.Unit Two1．Teachers and professors too often are portrayed as idealists living in an ivory tower who are out of touch with real world. They are accused of emphasizing academic skills or studies that do not relate directly to helping a person move closer to a prospective job or career.老师、教授常被描述成生活在象牙塔中的理想主义者，他们脱离实际，人们指责他们只强调学力和学业，而这些对帮助学生将来求职或就业并无直接关系。
研究生综合英语翻译答案
Unit 11. Through language we can share experiences, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture.1. 通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识和传承文化。
2. Metaphor is an implicit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common.2. 暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些共同之处的事物联系在一起。
3. In fact, the skillful use of supporting materials often makes the difference between a good speech and a poor one.3. 实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。
4. To be more effective, though, the examples you cite for your speech should be vivid and richly textured.4. 为了使表达更加富有效果，你演说中的举例应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。
5. Extended examples — often called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes — are longer and more detailed.5. 扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。
6. Hypothetical examples describe imaginary situations and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the audience.6. 虚拟性的例子描述想像中的情形，能够十分有效地将演说者的思想传达给听众。
研究生英语写译教程答案
参考答案（翻译第八章）Ⅰ. 对照下列原文及其译文，指出斜（或黑）体部分的翻译所用的具体翻译技巧1、There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness. 他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。
词类转换法（名词→形容词）2、The lifetime dream of every mature artist in the United States was a LathropPrize.在美国，每个有成就的艺术家一生的梦想，便是得一次拉索普奖。
增译法3、All of his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice bothto his health and his pocketbook. 近年来他所购买的全部东西都不得不用来清偿债务。
这对他的健康和经济都是个很大的损失。
①分译法（一句分译成两句）；②解包袱法4、It gives the Lathrop Gallery pleasure to announce that the First Landscape Prizeof $1000 has been awarded to Collis P. Ellsworth for his painting. “ Tree Dressed in White”. 兹将风景画一等奖美金1000元授予“穿白衣的树”的作者柯利斯波艾斯沃斯先生。
拉普索画廊宣布此项决定，深感荣幸。
词序调整法5、She wondered at the magnitude of this life and at the importance of knowing①much in order to do anything in it at all. 她对这种生活景象的伟大很是吃惊，也想到在这样的地方做事需有丰富的知识。
研究生英语教程上册翻译答案
1.A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps.我们往往可以从一个人所阅读的书以及所交往的朋友去看他的为人。
2. But if you put down a book you don’t like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time.但是如果你把自己觉得没劲的书放下另换别的，直到发现一本你认为有意思的书，然后轻松地读下去，那么几乎可以肯定你会感到很快活的。
3. The Westerner who developed a farm, opened a shop, or set up in business as a trader, could hope to prosper only as his own community prospered—and his community ran from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down to Mexico.西部人经营农场，开设店铺，从事买卖，只有当他自己的集体兴旺发达，他个人才有指望发家致富——而他的集体由大西洋延伸到太平洋，从加拿大直抵墨西哥。
4. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals.他那著名的遗嘱是对他爱好和理想的纪念，在遗嘱中他遗留下了钱，为在物理学，化学，生理学，医学，文学与和平方面的杰出成就提供奖金。
研究生英语教材翻译答案
Unit One“Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting ‘there’ faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where ‘there’ is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organiz ation and is not exclusive to management.”“一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。
这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。
这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。
”Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。
研究生英语翻译答案
研究生英语翻译答案第二章1.In circuits requiring capacitance the necessary capacitance is provided by a device called a capacitor．在需要电容的线路中，所需的电容由称为电容器的元件提供。
2.What would happen provided there were a conducting wire between two points of unequal potential?如果在电位不等的两点间有一根导线，那么情况将会是怎样的呢?3.Y ou must remember that we are here to serve the society that we are building a New Soci ety．The bureaucracy has this rare opportunity to prove it’S worth to bui ld a progressive nation．你们必须记住，我们是为社会服务的，我们正在建设一个新社会，这是全体政府官员显示其才干，建设一个进步国家的好机会。
4.There was．no provocation．f or such an angry letter．写这一封怒气冲冲的信简直是毫无道理。
5.We took brief, restless naps，struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague．我们忐忑不安，朦朦胧胧地打了几个盹，竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播。
1．Like charges repel；unlike charges attract．相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。
2．Ohm’S law is very usef ul f or the industry because it enables one to calcul ate the current，voltage or resistance of any circuit，i f the values of the other two factors are known．欧姆定律对工业来说是十分有用的，因为它使人们能算出任何电路中的电流、电压或电阻，条件是已知其中两个因数。
研究生英语课后翻译练习参考答案
UNIT 1A. 十八世纪以来，交通和道路条件有所改善，使得住在农村的人可以到附近的城镇去，进行多种娱乐活动。
一些观赏型活动随着十九世纪的工业化进程兴盛起来。
剧场、音乐厅和体育运动发展了起来，越来越多的人可以参与其中。
铁路网逐步形成，公交公司也开始出现，于是，价格低廉的乡村一日游和海边一日游初具雏形，并最终发展成英国现在的团队游和包价游。
二十世纪，收音机、电影、电视相继问世，一个更加巨大的专业娱乐产业形成了。
在所有这些变革中，参与型、观赏型、家庭型娱乐活动不断融合。
B. 艺术曾经被赋予某种珍贵而独特的形象，同高雅文化联系在一起，而高雅文化一度通常是中上阶层的特权。
大众流行文化的发展扩大了潜在观众群，使他们参与到更丰富的文化活动中。
更多人有机会接触更为广义的艺术。
流行音乐会、民间音乐、民族音乐以及青年文化消遣活动占据了年轻人很大一部分空闲时间，同时也促进了贸易和出口，并提升了英国的国内国际形象。
这些活动可能是业余的，也可能是专业的，它们进一步促进了参与型、观赏型和家庭型娱乐活动的融合。
C. 随着大多数人享有越来越多的空闲以及有了更多的收入，假期以及去哪度假成为了英国人生活中很重要的一部分。
许多人更愿意利用英国和欧洲大陆之间便利的海上和空中交通，自己安排假期。
英国本身假期的形式就多种多样，既有传统的海边家庭旅馆“住宿加早餐”，也可以入住宾馆，在房车停车场过夜或利用帐篷野营等等。
越来越多的家庭拥有汽车，进一步扩大了旅游的可能性。
今天，超过五分之三的家庭拥有至少一辆车，百分之十六的家庭拥有两辆或更多汽车。
II. 英国人把排队叫做“queue up”，美国人把排队叫做“wait in line”，只有纽约人不同，他们把排队叫做“wait on line”。
似乎没有人知道纽约人为什么要这样说，这倒是我们在排队时可以好好考虑的问题。
排队是城市生活中一个严峻的现实。
尽管对于城市里哪种队最难排似乎还没有一个一致的意见，但是人们在谈话中经常提到午饭时间在银行和邮局排队，年轻人则经常提到买电影票以及大学注册时排的长队。
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案(3)
研究生综合英语课文译文及课后练习答案第一课Text A 自由落体[1] 直到动身的那一天，我才感到告别和真正离家对我所产生的影响，这使我比闹钟预定的时间提前一小时醒来。
那时，我那金色的爱犬米西最后一次用力地舔了我一下表示问候。
以前她那么做时，我厌烦得要命，不过那天，我张开双臂把她搂在怀里，深情地慢慢抚摸着她。
此时，她那悲伤的眼神与我四目相对，她那绸缎般的皮毛摸上去比平常更加柔滑。
当然直到告别那天，我才注意到爱犬的这些特点，这令我更加难舍难离。
[2] 一整天都是这样：我突然感到自己将会怀念许多人和事。
我变得多愁善感起来，因为要与那些我早已习以为常的人说再见——那些常我工作的饭馆里的顾客，那些我好像从来都找不到时间和他们说话的人。
我不得不离开我所有的朋友，还有我总想“某天去认识”的同学。
最重要的是，我将被迫与生我养我的人分别。
[3] 突然间，我那些渴望独立和自由的豪言壮语变成了可怕的现实。
我曾经说过我了不起，就要上一所名校，现在我开始感到了这些大话的压力。
没什么了不起。
我曾经是那么急不可待地盼望这一天的到来，而现在，这一天终于到来了，我却感到自己好像并不想走了，我想那可能是因为我要到一所离家有6小时车程的大学去上学的缘故。
[4] 事实上，在我决定要离家的时候，我所有的个人问题仿佛都烟消云散了，我才不在乎呢，反正我要走了。
我要向每个人表明我想走————而且，上帝作证，我整装待发。
然而，这一天到来了，我不知道自己是否真正做好了出发的准备。
[5] 老爸和继母要送我去学校，不过，我要首先和妈妈告别。
谁都知道离婚不是件容易的事。
那天早上我和妈妈一起吃了饭，她当时立刻就谈起我过去的一些经历来，还谈到了她第一年离家上大学的一些事情，比如零乱的宿舍、腼腆的室友、一些艺术史课。
她说得那么详细，那么热情，以至于我清楚地感到大学生活会给人留下多么深刻的印象。
后来，我们又谈到了我到学校后可能会发生的事情————与我同住一层的家伙会是什么样，我多么希望教室不会在校园的另一侧，我是否会因为吃食堂的饭而发胖。
研究生综合英语翻译答案
Unit 11. Through language we can share experiences, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture.1. 通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识和传承文化。
2. Metaphor is an implicit comparison between things that are different yet have something in common.2. 暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些共同之处的事物联系在一起。
3. In fact, the skillful use of supporting materials often makes the difference between a good speech and a poor one.3. 实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。
4. To be more effective, though, the examples you cite for your speech should be vivid and richly textured.4. 为了使表达更加富有效果，你演说中的举例应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。
5. Extended examples — often called illustrations, narratives, or anecdotes — are longer and more detailed.5. 扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。
6. Hypothetical examples describe imaginary situations and can be quite effective for relating ideas to the audience.6. 虚拟性的例子描述想像中的情形，能够十分有效地将演说者的思想传达给听众。
研究生英语读写译教程1-18 单元 翻译练习答案
研究生英语读写译教程1-18 单元翻译练习答案Unit 1: Introduction to Translation1. Translation is the process of transferring meaning from a source language to a target language. It involves interpreting and expressing the original message accurately and effectively in the target language.2. Translators need to have a solid understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as a deep knowledge of the subject matter being translated. They must be able to capture the nuances and cultural references present in the source text and convey them appropriately in the target text.3. There are different types of translation, including literary translation, technical translation, legal translation, and scientific translation. Each type requires specific skills and expertise to ensure accurate and contextually appropriate translations.4. Translation involves more than just linguistic skills. Translators must also possess strong research and analytical skills, as well as the ability to adapt to different writing styles and cultural norms.Unit 2: Basic Translation Techniques1. Literal Translation: This technique involves translating each word and phrase literally, without considering the context or cultural nuances. While it may result in accurate translations, it often fails to capture the true meaning and intent of the original text.2. Cultural Equivalence: This technique focuses on finding equivalent expressions or idiomatic phrases in the target language that convey the same meaning as the source language. It takes into account the cultural and linguistic differences between the two languages.3. Adaptation: This technique involves modifying or adjusting certain elements of the source text to ensure a smoother and more natural translation in the target language. It may involve changing sentence structures, idioms, or cultural references to match the target audience.4. Localization: This technique is commonly used in the translation of software, websites, and marketing materials. It involves adapting the translation to the local cultural and linguistic conventions of the target audience. It may include changing date formats, currency symbols, or using region-specific idioms.Unit 3: Translation Strategies1. Skopos Theory: This theory emphasizes the purpose or intention behind the translation. It suggests that translators should prioritize the specific function the translated text will serve, rather than adhering strictly to the source text. The focus is on achieving the desired communication effect for the target audience.2. Text Analysis: Before translating a text, translators should thoroughly analyze its content, structure, and intended audience. This analysis helps to identify important concepts, key terms, and ensure accurate and effective translation.3. Transcreation: This strategy is commonly used in advertising and marketing translations. It involves recreating the source text in the target language while considering cultural and linguistic differences. The goal is to evoke the same emotional response in the target audience as the original text.4. Compensation: Sometimes, certain elements of the source text cannot be fully translated into the target language due to linguistic constraints. In such cases, translators may compensate by adding additional information, footnotes, or explanations in the target text, ensuring that the overall meaning is conveyed accurately.Unit 4: Translation Quality Assessment1. Accuracy: A high-quality translation must accurately convey the meaning and intent of the original text. It should not contain errors, omissions, or distortions that may lead to misunderstandings.2. Fluency: The translated text should be fluent and natural in the target language. It should read smoothly and maintain coherence and cohesion. Awkward phrasing or unnatural word choices should be avoided.3. Cultural Appropriateness: Translations should take into account cultural differences and context. They should be culturally appropriate and avoid causing offense or misunderstanding in the target culture.4. Terminology Consistency: Consistency in terminology is crucial, especially in technical or specialized translations. The translator should use consistent terminology throughout the text to ensure clarity and accuracy.In conclusion, translation is a complex task that requires linguistic proficiency, cultural understanding, and subject matter expertise. Byemploying appropriate techniques and strategies, translators can produce high-quality translations that effectively convey the message from the source language to the target language.。
研究生 英语课后翻译部分参考答案
Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 6: （P156）1、The types of rice grown in a country depend on climatic conditions.2、Measures need to be taken to mitigate the environmental effects of burning coal.3、Taxes are a way of redistributing wealth.4、Such items are obviously subject to wear and require periodic replacement.5、Africa is suffering the worst drought of the century.6、The results provide the most authoritative and conclusive evidence.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 6:（P157）1、Scientific evidence suggests that human activities are contributing to climate changes.2、Natural changes in climate result from interactions such as those between the atmosphere and ocean.3、To attribute the symptom to an underlying cause often requires additional and more complex tests.4、The changes in globally averaged temperature that have occurred at the Earth’s surface over the past century are similar to those predicated by models.5、To probe the question of attribution requires the application of more powerful and complex methods.6、Statistical analyses have shown that these correspondences are highly unlikely to have occurred by chance.7、The patterns of change predicted by models and those actually observed agree to one another.8、The most recent assessment of the science suggests that human activities have led to a discernible influence on global climate.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 6:（P159）1、There is an abundance of fresh vegetables available.2、The firefighters alerted residents and helped them to safety.3、The value of the land accounts for 30% of the house’s price.4、The police will offer a cash reward for information leading to the arrest of the thieves.5、The exciting findings have been based on the data collected in the past ten years.6、Contrary to popular belief, bottled water is not always better than tap water.7、The costs have been offset by savings in other areas.8、The improvements is training resulted in increased wins.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P162）1、I have no idea what sort of people inhabit the area.2、A lot of children have been deprived of a normal home life.3、We want a clean healthy environment for all humanity.4、What looks beautiful to you may be a confusing mishmash to others.5、Moving to the city has been a difficult adjustment for us.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P164）1、He has earned our respect and admiration.2、She did a series of interviews to publicize her new book.3、This way of life is totally alien to us.4、John has just bought a beautiful oriental carpet.5、Nothing could obliterate the memory of those tragic events.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P166）1、The growth in international trade is a telling indicator of the globalization of business in recent decades.2、Of course, tariffs do not tell the whole story.3、One of the dangers of economic globalization is the further concentration of power in those who are already rich.4、Companies may shape consumer demand but cannot disregard customer concerns such as health and environment.5、Commercial thinking spreads from business to penetrate socio-cultural sectors such as education, health care, the arts and even religion.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P169）1、Humans long to be part of a group, while insisting on their individuality.2、Awareness of the plane’s fragility may have brought moves towards the globalization of human society.3、If global war now seems unlikely, civil wars still rage worldwide.4、Sport is both unifying and polarizing in its effect, with supporter cheering their own team and jeering their opponents.5、Blaming the loss of jobs on globalization is a typical reaction, with foreigners bearing the brunt of labour force discontent.6、Perhaps we are just more aware of violent confrontation in different parts of the world.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P170）1、Schools have been maligned by politicians and newspapers.2、Even rich nations often have intractable poverty.3、A large number of mayors attended the forum on crime.4、Most of the law cases he deals with are pretty mundane.5、The president did not specify the date for his visit to Japan.6、The country has a monetary system based on the value of gold.7、The changes have been greater than we ever envisaged.8、At 80 he still refuses to relinquish control of the company.9、Colleges students must abide by the rules on campus.10、An overwhelming majority of the members are women.11、All government agencies received a directive to reduce their tariff.12、Helping the kids with their homework takes precedence over housework.Key to sentences translationTranslation task 2 in Unit 7:（P173）1、Several of the my friends had been afflicted with this type of disease.2、Mary’s health deteriorated to the point that she could no longer walk.3、Her family’s government has been accused of corruption and abuse of power.4、The country’s government has been accused of corruption and abuse of power.5、The retention of valued employees is worth more than a little inconvenience.6、Tourism has brought a huge influx of wealth into the region.7、The virus has suppressed the body’s immune system.8、Jimmy has nothing to contempt for his boss.9、Tobacco has overtaken coffee to become the country’s leading export.Translation task 2 in Unit 5:1、We must proceed with extreme caution.2、We can generalize from the example that we have studied.3、There is a strong probability that the problem will recur if we do not deal with it now.4、Smoking during pregnancy can endanger you baby’s health.5、She had an intuitive ability to size up people’s capabilities.Translation task 2 in Unit 5:1、People sometimes find it hard to see the distinction between spoken and written language of English.2、The earlier you start review, the better you are likely to do in the exam.3、It is worth pointing out that the researchers will not be able to know every aspect of this type of bird.4、It will take over a year to renovate the historic hotel.5、In some cases a psychologist who studies learning ability will welcome these results.6、Water these plants twice a week and likewise the ones in the bedroom.7、The point is, if you don’t claim the money now you might never get it.8、It is impossible to quantify what an active cultural life does for a city.Translation task 2 in Unit 6:1、The loss of the ozone layer is also believed to be having a cooling effect.2、In this brochure we highlight many of the features of the products.3、They have no convincing textual evidence.4、It’s too early to make any predictions about the election results.5、Thus the volcanic rocks formed are drastically different from their oceanic counterparts.。
研究生英语翻译答案
研究生英语翻译答案LT欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。
在这种激烈的争斗中，转基因食品禁令的审慎态度与报复差不多/ 看似是报复行为，其实是一种审慎。
此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产的转基因粮食规模不大，而消费得却比其它欧洲国家多。
B. 1. Ready or not, the world is entering the ageof genetic engineering. Altered environments and human-created life forms will be part of this new age. Plants may be transformed into miniature factories producing plastics, medicines, or perfumes.Animals may be given human genes to make their tissues compatible with humans, allowing animal hearts and other organs to be transplanted into critically ill people. 2. We should also take a sober look at theeffects of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. Because the agricultural and medical benefits of genetic engineering are expensive, poor individuals and poor nations will not be able to affordthem – at least not for years to come. As a result, the economic gap between rich and poor is likely to widen. In addition, Third World leaders have sometimes vetoed the use of their plant and animal species in genetic research. Western companies want these species for genetic engineering projects and hope to obtain them with minimal expense; Third World leaders want to ensure that their people are fairly compensated if these species are used to produce something of value.Unit 3III Translation PracticeExercise 1A. 1. Put the following into Chinese.1）需要面对面沟通的问题留着见面解决，但凡可以通过精心措词，简明扼要的书面信息处理的事情可使用电子邮件。
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1.Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging , that the speakeris dwelling on a particular point for too long , or that a particular point requires further explanation听众的眼神足以表明，演说过于拖沓，演讲者在某一点上讲得太多，或者在某一点上还需要做进一步的解释。
2.But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the politicalvalues of a people , but also religious beliefs , emotions , and psychology.但是艺术史注意的不仅仅是这些，因为艺术不仅反映了一个民族的政治价值，也反应了他们的宗教信仰，感情和心理特点。
3.One widely held belief is that a sharp fright will end a troublesome bout of hiccups , butmany people prefer just waiting for them to go away as this “cure” is often worse than the ailment itself .一个普遍认同的观点是，猛然的惊吓会止住一阵讨厌的打嗝，但是很多人更愿意等待打嗝自然过去，因为这种“止隔得方法”往往比打嗝本身更加的糟糕。
4.That our environment had little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics andbehavior is central to this theory.这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。
5.And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategicpoint in a couple of hours , has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions , because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.敌人吹嘘能在几个小时内就占领战略要地，由于受到顽强抵抗，甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。
6. A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November andgiven birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June , must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to produce milk for her fawns.一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，她必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
7.The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s electionresults that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在主要问及昨天选举结果的记者招待会上，总统说他无法解释为何共和党遭到如此惨痛的失败,这最终会使共和党丧失在众议院长期以来享有的优势。
8.The second aspect is the application by all members of society from the government officialto the ordinary citizen, of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.第二个方面是，社会上的一切成员，从政府部门中任公职的官员到普通公民，都应运用科学家们在科研工作中所采用的专门的思维方法和工作方法。
9.The method was largely developed by physicists , chemists and biologists ; it was lateradopted by people working in such areas as education, psychology and sociology , where the subjects of research were often people.这种方法在很大程度上先是由物理学家、化学家和生物学家使用，后来为在教育学、心理学和社会学等领域内工作的研究人员所采纳而发展起来的。
10.David Cameron will lead a high-powered UK business and government mission to China todayin an attempt to boost trade and exports with the world’s second-largest economy before this week’s Group of 20 summit in South Korea.英国首相戴维·卡梅伦今日将率领阵容强大的政商界代表团访华，以期促进对中国这个全球第二大经济体的贸易与出口。
随后，卡梅伦将出席本周于韩国举行的20国集团(G20)峰会。
11.I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain anactive and energetic member of the European Union.我肯定相信，英国应该继续是欧洲共同体中一个积极而充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。
12.But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will,uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and —until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself —an amazing capacity to size up people and situations，there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.然而，如果没有希特勒，那几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。
因为希特勒有着恶魔的性格，坚实的意志，不可思议的本能，无情的冷酷，杰出的智力，深远的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。
最后他被权利和胜利冲昏了头而不自量力，弄巧成拙。
13.Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food isconverted into energy which in turn is used to seek more food to grow , to reproduce and to survive.能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变成为能量，能量再用来寻找更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存时，生命才成为可能。
14.By the middle of the year , he warned , the Soviet Union would overtake the United States inthe number of land based strategic missiles , the result of a massive Soviet effort beginning in the mid 1960s , after the Cuban fiasco, to achieve at least parity and possibly superiority in nuclear weapons.他警告说，到今年年中，苏联将在陆上发射的战略导弹的数量上超过美国，因为苏联在古巴事件中遭到失败后，从六十年代中期起就大力发展导弹，目的是为了在核武器方面至少达到同美国均等，并力争超过美国。
15.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year- old man coming in for a routine physicalcheckup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months ?比如说一个46岁的男子在于家人外出度假之前进行了常规身体检查，尽管他自己感觉很好，但医生发现他患了某种癌症，6个月内会死亡，这时医生该怎么对他讲呢？16.American business is much freer than most competitors--which are often restrained byunions, social policies, and regulations--to hire and fire, reorganize and deploy resources where they will be most productive.在雇用与解雇，重组和将资源调配到利益最大的部门等方面，美国的商业要比其他众多被集团社会政策及惯例约束的竞争者要自由得多。