河南省新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试试题
河南省南阳市新野县三高2015-2016学年高一下学期第一次月考语文试卷
资料概述与简介 2015—2016学年下期高中一年级第一次阶段性测试 语文试题 一、基础知识（1—12小题，每小题3分，共36分） 1．选出下列选项中加点字的注音全都正确的一项 ( ) A．弃甲曳(yè)兵数罟(gǔ) 阜（fù）盛暮砧（zhēn） B．养生丧死(sàng) 洿(wū)池蹙（chù）缩嫡（dí）亲 C．庠(yáng)序之教饿莩(piáo) 攥（zuàn）住驽（nú）马 D．鸡豚狗彘(zhì) 孝悌(dì) 阿谀(yú) 锲（qì）而不舍 2．下列词语中没有错别字的一组是 ( ) A．敕造宵柝鞭苔钟鸣鼎食 B．笑靥纨袴懵懂砯崖转石 C．藩篱溯漠渣滓度长絜大 D．褴褛抚膺鱼凫终日撕混 3．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，恰当的一组是( ) ①在那段艰难的日子里，我们同心，互相激励，终于取得了创业的成功。
②上海过去的文艺，开始的是《申报》。
要讲《申报》，是必须到六十年以前的。
③去年是鲁迅先生 110周年，文艺界举行了一系列的纪念活动。
A．戮力追溯诞辰B．鼎力追溯诞辰 C．戮力追忆诞生D．鼎力追忆诞生 4．下列句子中没有语病的一项是 ( ) A．战后几十年来，包括日本在内的亚太地区许多国家取得的发展成就．正是建立在本地区和平稳定的国际秩序和国际环境基础之上的。
B．近日，深圳一名年仅35岁的外企女白领突然猝死于深圳地铁的台阶上的报道，引发了人们对职场白领健康状况的关注。
C．面对全球性的金融危机，我国的经济在第一季度还能够保持稳步增长，表明我国应对经济危机的调控措施和抗危机的能力不断提高。
D．即使生活艰辛，但只要还有爱我的父母，还有我疼爱的妹妹，幸福就不会消失，希望就还会存在，我就还会顽强地奋斗着。
5．下列各句中，加点的熟语使用正确的一项是 ( ) A．上海男篮在CBA历史上曾经连续多次闯入总决赛，但仅仅获得过一次总冠军，他们总是在最关键的时候功亏一篑。
河南省新野县第三高级中学2015届高三第八次周考文科综合试题
新野县第三高级中学2015届高三第八次周考文科综合试题第Ⅰ卷本卷共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
林冠截留量是指由于林冠截留作用而未进入土壤的那部分降水量。
林冠截留率则指截留量占同期降水量的百分比值，两者是研究流域生态环境问题的重要依据之一。
下图为我国川西米亚罗亚高山冷杉林林冠降水截留的季节动态图。
读图回答1，2题。
1．图中显示冷杉林林冠截留量与降雨量的关系是( )A．林冠截留量随降雨量的增加而减少，截留率随降雨的减小而增加B．林冠截留量随降雨量的增加而增加，截留率随降雨的增加而减小C．林冠截留量随降雨量的减少而增加，截留率随降雨的减小而增加D．林冠截留量随降雨量的减少而减少，截留率随降雨的增加而增加2．若当地的林冠截留量迅速减少，则该地区可能产生的生态环境问题是( ) A．土地盐碱化B．草原退化C．水土流失D．水体污染下图为黑龙江省各县、市1993年与1985年水稻种植面积比率的空间分布图，读图回答3～5题。
3．对比1985年和1993年水稻种植面积的变化可以看出，各县、市均有不同程度的增长，总体上黑龙江省水稻种植面积的增长特点是( )①北部增长比例大于南部②南部增长比例大于北部③东部增长比例大于西部④西部增长比例大于东部A．①②B．②③C．③④D．①④4．造成黑龙江省水稻面积不断扩大的主要原因是( )A．耕地面积增加B．气候温暖湿润C．人口稠密劳力充足D．消费市场广阔5．随着黑龙江水稻面积的扩大，限制其水稻发展的关键因素是( )A．地形崎岖不平B．水资源短缺C．低温冻害严重D．劳动力资源短缺下图为无锡市马山区1988-1998年间土地利用转换率与距交通干线距离的关系图。
读图回答6，7题。
6．马山区土地利用类型的转变，反映的地理过程是( )A．农村城镇化B．农业机械化C．交通快速化D．工业信息化7．马山区土地利用类型中最有可能转换为建设用地的是( )A．农田和水体B．农田和林地C．果园和草地D．湿地和果园下图为15°S附近某区域卫星遥感影像，其中深色部分为森林覆盖区，浅色部分为草原覆盖区，图中三角为丘陵山地及海拔高度。
河南省新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试生物试题 Word版含答案
新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试生物试题一、单项选择题（1-50每题1分，51-60每小题2分，共70分）1. 下列关于脂质的叙述，正确的是（）A．脂质中的磷脂是细胞膜的组成成分 B.维生素D和性激素不属于固醇类物质C．脂肪比相同质量的多糖彻底氧化产能少 D.脂质在核糖体、内质网和高尔基体上合成2. 下列关于植物体内水分的叙述，错误．．的是（）A．植物体内的水分参与营养物质的运输B．水是构成叶肉细胞的重要化合物之一C．自由水可作为细胞内化学反应的反应物D．同种植物萌发种子的含水量和休眠种子的相同3. 生物体的生命活动离不开水。
下列关于水的叙述，错误的是A.在最基本的生命系统中，H2O有自由水和结合水两种存在形式B.由氨基酸形成多肽时，生成物H2O中的氢来自氨基和羧基C.有氧呼吸时，生成物中H2O中的氢来自线粒体中丙酮酸的分解D.H2O在光下分解，产生的［H］将固定的CO2还原成（CH2O）4. 以下细胞结构中，RNA是其结构组成的是（）A、液泡B、核糖体C、高尔基体D、溶酶体5. 关于核酸的叙述，错误的是A．细胞核中发生的转录过程有RNA聚合酶的参与B．植物细胞的线粒体和叶绿体中均可发生DNA的复制C．双链DNA分子中一条链上的磷酸和核糖是通过氢键连接的D．用甲基绿和吡罗红染色可观察DNA和RNA在细胞中的分布6. 关于细胞的叙述，错误的是A．植物细胞的胞间连丝具有物质运输的作用B．动物细胞间的黏着性与细胞膜上的糖蛋白有关C．ATP水解释放的能量可用于细胞内的吸能反应D．哺乳动物的细胞可以合成蔗糖，也可以合成乳糖7. 关于细胞膜结构和功能的叙述，错误的是A.脂质和蛋白质是组成细胞膜的主要物质B.当细胞衰老时，其细胞膜的通透性会发生改变C.甘油是极性分子，所以不能以自由扩散的方式通过细胞膜D.细胞产生的激素与靶细胞膜上相应受体的结合可实现细胞间的信息传递8. 蓝细菌和酵母菌的相同之处是A.都有拟核B.均能进行需（有）氧呼吸C.都有线粒体D.均能进行光合作用9. 下列有关细胞核的叙述，错误的是（）A．蛋白质是细胞核中染色质的组成成分B．细胞核中可进行遗传物质的复制和转录C．小分子物质可以通过核孔，大分子物质不能D．有丝分裂过程中存在核膜消失和重新形成的现象10. 关于线粒体的叙述，正确的是A．线粒体外膜的蛋白质含量比内膜高B．葡萄糖分解为丙酮酸的过程发生在线粒体基质中C．成人心肌细胞中线粒体数量比腹肌细胞的多D．哺乳动物精子中的线粒体聚集在其头部和尾的基部11. 有关细胞内囊泡运输的描述，正确的是A．细胞核内的RNA通过囊泡运输到细胞质B．蛋白质类激素经囊泡运输分泌到细胞外C．细胞器之间都能通过囊泡进行物质运输D．囊泡运输依赖膜的流动性且不消耗能量14.下列关于植物细胞质壁分离实验的叙述，错误的是A.与白色花瓣相比，采用红色花瓣有利于实验现象的观察B.用黑藻叶片进行实验时，叶绿体的存在会干扰实验现象的观察C.用紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮不同部位观察到的质壁分离程度可能不同D.紫色洋葱鳞片叶外表皮细胞的液泡中有色素，有利于实验现象的观察15.关于植物根系吸收矿质离子的叙述，正确的是（）A．植物根系吸收各种矿质离子的速率相同B．土壤温度不影响植物根系对矿质离子的吸收C．植物根细胞吸收矿质元素离子主要依靠渗透作用D．植物根细胞能逆浓度梯度吸收土壤中的矿质元素离子16.下图为氨基酸和Na+进出肾小管上皮细胞的示意图，下表选项中正确的是17.将某植物花冠切成大小和形状相同的细条，分为a、b、c、d、e和f组（每组的细条数相等），取上述6组细条分别置于不同浓度的蔗糖溶液中，浸泡相同时间后测量各组花冠细条的长度，结果如图所示。
河南省新野三高高三8月第一次阶段性考试物理试题
新野三高2014—2015学年高三第一次阶段性考试物理试题命题人田胜安第3章牛顿运动定律(本卷满分100分，考试用时90分钟)一、选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分，每小题至少有一个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分)1．下列关于惯性的各种说法中，你认为正确的是A．材料不同的两个物体放在地面上，用一个相同的水平力分别推它们，则难以推动的物体惯性大B．在完全失重的情况下，物体的惯性将消失C．把手中的球由静止释放后，球能竖直加速下落，说明力是改变物体惯性的原因D．抛出去的标枪、手榴弹等是靠惯性向远处运动的3．一个物体在多个力的作用下处于静止状态．如果仅使其中的一个力大小逐渐减小到零，然后又从零逐渐恢复到原来的大小(此力的方向始终未变)，在这过程中其余各力均不变，如图3所示，能正确描述过程中物体速度变化情况的是图34．为了研究超重与失重现象，某同学把一体重计放在电梯的地板上，并将一物体放在体重计上随电梯运动，观察体重计示数的变化情况．下表记录了几个特定时刻体重计的示数(表内时间不表示先后顺序)若已知t0A．t1和t2时刻电梯的加速度方向一定相反B．t1和t2时刻物体的质量并没有发生变化，但所受重力发生了变化和t2时刻电梯运动的加速度大小相等，运动方向一定相反C．tD．t3时刻电梯可能向上运动5．如图4所示，物体A和物体B中间夹一竖直轻弹簧，在竖直向上的恒力F作用下，一起沿竖直方向匀加速向上运动．当把外力F突然撤去的瞬间，下列说法正确的是A．A、B的加速度立即发生变化B．只有B的加速度立即发生变化C．A的加速度一定小于重力加速度g 图4D．B的加速度一定大于重力加速度g6．(2010·山东济南一模)如图5所示，质量为M的斜劈形物体放在水平地面上，质量为m的粗糙物块以某一初速度沿劈的粗糙面向上滑，至速度为零后又加速返回，而物体M始终保持静止，则在物块m上、下滑动的整个过程中A．地面对物体M的摩擦力先向左后向右B．地面对物体M的摩擦力方向没有改变图5C．地面对物体M的支持力总小于(M＋m)gD．地面对物体M的摩擦力大小不同7．在水平地面上运动的小车车厢底部有一质量为m1的木块，木块和车厢通过一根轻质弹簧相连接，弹簧的劲度系数为k.在车厢的顶部用一根细线悬挂一质量为m2的小球．某段时间内发现细线与竖直方向的夹角为θ，在这段时间内木块与车厢保持相对静止，如图6所示．不计木块与车厢底部的摩擦力，则在这段时间内弹簧的形变为图6A ．伸长量为m 1g k tan θB ．压缩量为m 1gk tanθC ．伸长量为m 1g ktan θD ．压缩量为m 1gktan θ8．(2010·湖北宜昌)一个物体冲上倾角为θ的斜面，沿斜面上滑，然后又下滑回原地．已知物体从最高点下滑回到原地的时间为由原地上滑到最高点时间的2倍，则物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数为A ．tan θ B.35tan θC.12tan θD.13tan θ 9．如图7所示，两个质量分别为m 1＝2 kg 、m 2＝3 kg 的物体置于光滑的水平面上，中间用轻质弹簧秤连接．两个大小分别为F 1＝30 N 、F 2＝20 N 的水平拉力分别作用在m 1、m 2上，则图7A ．弹簧秤的示数是10 NB ．弹簧秤的示数是50 NC ．在突然撤去F 2的瞬间，弹簧秤的示数不变D ．在突然撤去F 1的瞬间，m 1的加速度不变10.（2011天津）如图所示，A 、B 两物块叠放在一起，在粗糙的水平面上保持相对静止地向右做匀减速直线运动，运动过程中B 受到的摩擦力 A ．方向向左，大小不变 B ．方向向左，逐渐减小 C ．方向向右，大小不变D ．方向向右，逐渐减小二、填空题(本大题共2小题，共14分，将答案写在题中的横线上，不要求写出演算过程) 11．(4分)在”验证牛顿运动定律”的实验中，以下做法错误的是________． A ．平衡摩擦力时，应将小盘用细绳通过定滑轮系在小车上 B ．每次改变小车的质量时，不需要重新平衡摩擦力 C ．实验时，先放开小车，再接通打点计时器电源D ．求小车运动的加速度时，可用天平测出小盘的质量m ′以及小车质量M ，直接用公式a ＝m ′M g 求出12．(10分)某实验小组利用如图8所示的实验装置来探究当合外力一定时，物体运动的加速度与其质量之间的关系．(1)由图8中刻度尺读出两个光电门中心之间的距离x＝24 cm，由图9中游标卡尺测得遮光条的宽度d＝________ cm.该实验小组在做实验时，将滑块从图8所示位置由静止释放，由数字计时器可以读出遮光条通过光电门1的时间Δt1，遮光条通过光电门2的时间Δt2，则滑块经过光电门1时的瞬时速度的表达式v1＝________，滑块经过光电门2时的瞬时速度的表达式v2＝________，则滑块的加速度的表达式a＝________.(以上表达式均用字母表示)(2)在本次实验中，实验小组通过改变滑块质量总共做了6组实验，得到如下表所示的实验数据．通过分析表中数据，你得出的结论是________.(3)在图10所示的坐标系中描点作出相应图象．图10三、计算题(本大题共4小题，共46分．要有必要的文字说明和解题步骤，有数值计算的要注明单位)13．(10分)在研究摩擦力特点的实验中，将木块放在足够长的静止水平木板上．如图11甲所示，用力沿水平方向拉木块，使拉力F从0开始逐渐增大．经实验绘制出摩擦力F f随拉力F的变化图象如图丙所示．已知木块质量为0.78 kg.(1)求木块与长木板间的动摩擦因数．(2)若木块在与水平方向成θ＝37°角斜向右上方的恒定拉力F′作用下，以a＝2.0 m/s2的加速度从静止开始做匀加速直线运动，如图乙所示．则F′为多大？(取sin 37°＝0.6，cos 37°＝0.8)16．(14分)如图14所示，一小滑块以v0＝4 m/s的初速度滑上一个固定在地面上的足够长的斜面，经过t＝0.6 s恰好经过斜面上的某点B，已知斜面的倾角α＝37°，小滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.5.求：(1)小滑块在t＝0.6 s时经过B点的速度v B；(2)B点距斜面底端A点的距离x AB.图14高三物理第一次阶段性考试答案一、选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分，每小题至少有一个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分) 1．解析 由于两物体材料不同，摩擦力可能不同，因此不能判断其质量关系，A 选项错；惯性由质量决定，跟物体的运动状态无关，力也不能改变物体的惯性，B 、C错；选D.答案 D2．解析 小球在A 点时，弹簧处于自由伸长状态，故x A ＝h ，a A ＝g ，A 正确；当小球的速度达到最大时，小球的合外力为零，此时的加速度为零，故x B ＝h ＋mgk ，a B ＝0，B 正确；小球到达C点时的速度为零，即到达了最低点，由对称性可知，若x C ＝h ＋2mgk ，此时小球还有向下的速度，故x C ＞h ＋2mgk，a C ＞g ，D 正确．答案 ABD3．解析 由题意知，合力先变大后变小，因此加速度也先变大后变小，在v －t 图象中，图象的斜率表示加速度．D 项正确． 答案 D4．解析 由表中数据可知，t 1时刻物体处于超重状态，电梯加速度方向向上，t 2时刻物体处于失重状态，电梯加速度方向向下，A 正确；无论超重还是失重，其重力均不变，B 错；t 1时刻和t 2时刻电梯加速度大小相等、方向相反，但运动方向可能相同也可能相反，C 错；t 3时刻电梯匀速运动，但运动方向不能确定，D 对．答案 AD5．解析 在把外力F 突然撤去的瞬间，弹簧中的弹力来不及变化，则物体A 的加速度不变，只有B 的加速度立即发生变化，故B 项正确；在外力F 作用下物体A 和物体B 的加速度可以大于重力加速度g ，故C 项错误；撤去外力F 时，弹簧对B 有向下的作用力，故B 的加速度一定大于重力加速度g ，D 项正确．答案 BD6．解析 物块上滑时的加速度大小为a 1＝gsin θ＋μgcos θ，下滑时的加速度大小为 a 2＝gsin θ－μgcos θ，方向均沿斜面向下，可分解为竖直向下和水平向左，如图甲所示． 对整体进行受力分析如图乙所示，竖直方向有向下的加速度，地面对物体M 的支持力始终小于(M ＋m)g ，选项C 正确；水平方向有向左的加速度，地面对物体M 的摩擦力(静摩擦力)的方向始终水平向左，考虑到a 1＞a 2，上滑时地面对物体M 的摩擦力大于下滑时地面对物体M 的摩擦力，选项B 、D 正确而A 错误． 答案 BCD7． 解析 分析m 2的受力情况可得：m 2gtan θ＝m 2a ，得出：a ＝gtan θ，再对m 1应用牛顿第二定律，得：kx ＝m 1a ，x ＝m 1gk tan θ，因a 的方向向左，故弹簧处于伸长状态，故A 正确． 答案 A8．解析 上滑时x ＝12a 1t 21，mgsin θ＋μmgcos θ＝ma 1；下滑时x ＝12a 2t 22，mgsin θ－μmgcos θ＝ma 2，t 2＝2t 1，解得μ＝35tan θ，B 正确．【答案】：A二、填空题(本大题共2小题，共14分，将答案写在题中的横线上，不要求写出演算过程) 12．答案 ACD13．解析 (1)遮光条的宽度很小，遮光条通过光电门的时间极短，遮光条在极短时间内的运动看做匀速运动．遮光条从光电门1到光电门2做匀加速运动．(2)当合外力一定时，在误差允许的范围内，物体质量和加速度的乘积近似相等． (3)作a －1m图象比作a －m 图象更能说明a 与m 成反比．答案 (1)0.52 d Δt 1 d Δt 2 v 22－v 212x(代入v 1、v 2一样给分)(2)在合外力不变的情况下，物体运动的加速度跟物体的质量成反比 (3)如图所示三、计算题(本大题共4小题，共46分．要有必要的文字说明和解题步骤，有数值计算的要注明单位)14．解析 (1)由图丙可知，木块所受的滑动摩擦力 F f ＝3.12 N 由F f ＝μF N得μ＝F f F N ＝F f mg ＝ 3.120.78×10＝0.4.(2)木块受重力G 、支持力F N 、拉力F 和摩擦力F f 作用．将F 分解为水平和竖直两方向， 根据牛顿第二定律：Fcos θ－F f ＝ma Fsin θ＋F N ＝mgF f ＝μF N联立各式得：F ＝4.5 N.答案 (1)0.4 (2)4.5 N15．解析 (1)对小球受力分析，由平衡条件可知：mgsin θ＝F f1 F N1＝mgcos θ F f1＝μF N1解得μ＝tan 37°＝0.75.(2)水平推力作用后，由牛顿第二定律： Fcos θ－mgsin θ－F f2＝ma F f2＝μF N2＝μ(Fsin θ＋mgcos θ) 解得a ＝2 m/s 2.答案 (1)0.75 (2)2 m/s 216．解析 (1)由图象知v 0＝0时，a 0＝4 m/s 2，即物体不受风力时，加速度为a 0＝4 m/s 2. 由牛顿第二定律得mgsin θ－μmgcos θ＝ma 0. 解得μ＝gsin θ－a 0gcos θ＝0.25.(2)由图象知当v ＝5 m/s 时，物体的加速度a ＝0，由平衡条件得 mgsin θ－μF N －kvcos θ＝0， F N ＝mgcos θ＋kvsin θ， 以上两式联立得k ＝mg (sin θ－μcos θ)v (μsin θ＋cos θ)＝0.84 kg/s.答案 (1)0.25 (2)0.84 kg/s17．解析 (1)设小滑块的质量为m ，则其上滑时，由牛顿第二定律得 mgsin α＋μmgcos α＝ma 1。
河南省新野三高高三8月第一次阶段性考试——英语英语
河南省新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试英语试题Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AHarriet Tubman was an African-American woman who fought against slavery. She was born in 1820. She helped many people escape from slavery through the Underground Railroad. It was an organized effort to help slaves from the southern states to areas that banned slavery.Slaves could be sold freely. Families were often separated. Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman in 1844, yet she remained a slave. In 1849, the farmer who owned her died. Then she ran to the home of a white woman who had offered to help her.This woman told her how to reach another home where she could hide. Harriet Tubman went from place to place in this way. This was how the Underground Railroad operated. Finally，she went into the northern state of Pennsylvania. During the next ten years，she led an expanded Underground Railroad，and helped 300 slaves escape.Harriet Tubman found another way to fight against slavery during the Civil War. She went into the southern states to spy(做间谍) for the North. After the Civil War，Harriet Tubman settled in New York State. She gave speeches to raise money for better education for black Americans, worked for women's rights and sought help for older adults who had been slaves.Harriet Tubman died in 1913.By that time, she had been recognized as an American heroine(女英雄)．1．What does the passage mainly tell us?A．The Underground Railroad.B．The history of American slavery.C．Harriet's hard life and bravery.D．Harriet's fight against slavery.2．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The Underground Railroad was a way to freedom.B．Everyone knew that there was a way to free land.C．Black people were cared about by many white people.D．Black people looked down upon white people.3．From Paragraph 4, we learn that when the Civil War broke out, Harriet________.A．worked for the SouthB．did a lot of work for the patients as a doctorC．helped everyone to go to schoolD．got secret information for the North4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Harriet was recognized as a heroine.B．Harriet fought against slavery in many ways.C．Harriet helped only black people in her life.D．Harriet helped black people to get better education.BTanzania Tarangire is a national park in Tanzania. The park itself covers an area of around 2,850 square kilometers, making it the sixth largest park of its kind in the country. I recently visited it to see what it was like.One of the first sightings upon entering the park I found was a huge group of elephants. Our guide told us Tarangire was probably the best place in Tanzania to find large groups of elephants. We continued to watch the elephants as they stood under trees and scratched(搔)themselves against the trees to hit the spot of an itch(痒)．To the right of the elephant group, we noticed a big tree. Our guide informed us that this was a baobabtree and that Tarangire was one of the best national parks in Africa to see so many baobab trees.As we continued our drive through the park, we finally reached a watering hole. Our guide warned us there were lions all around us. Most of them were resting in the shade under bushes, but there was one that was drinking from the watering hole directly in front of us. We then noticed there were a couple of fresh zebra corpses(尸体)—it seemed as if the resting lions had killed them!Our final big sighting was one that none of us were expecting to see！We pulled over to where there was a large gathering of cars, with a sleeping leopard there！We took photos happily and excitedly and observed its surprising body before returning to our hotel as it was getting late.So I hope you enjoyed my description of Tarangire，and that I've inspired you to add this amazing park to your very own Tanzania travel plan.7．How did the author travel in Tanzania Tarangire?A．By bicycle. B．By train.C．On foot. D．By car.8．What does the author think of his trip in Tanzania Tarangire?A．Boring. B．Enjoyable.C．Dangerous. D．Challenging.CA young girl is calling a neighbor a superhero because of what he did when she was trapped beneath a car. Nick Harris said he didn't know where he found the strength, but somehow he managed to lift a car off the 6-year-old girl last week，earning himself the title of superman. “I just think it' s a Christmas miracle，”Harri s said.Harris said he has tried time and again to recreate(使再现)the surprising show of strength because instinct(本能) sent him running to the 6yearold' s aid. “I just ran over there，saw the tire on her，and lifted the car up to get her out from underneath the car，”Harris said. “I don't know how I did it. I've tried three or four times since then.”Harris was dropping off his daughter at Eugene Field Elementary Friday morning when he saw a car back out of a driveway，pinning(压住) the girl under its tire. That girl turned out to be his daughter's best friend.“I was expecting her to have bad injuries，”Harris said. “I've had broken toes, because a car just backed over my foot. And here this whole car was on top of her. I wasn't expecting it to turn out as wonder ful as it did.” The first grader was flown to Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City by an air ambulance(救护车)，but didn't have to stay long.“They all call me superman now，”Harris said. “I'm just a dad. I'm just a dad that was in the right place at the ri ght time. And I was finally able to help and I did something good.”9．Why was Harris called a superhero?A．He saved a girl by lifting a car.B．He won in a Christmas competition.C．He pushed off the car on his daughter.D．He was always ready to help his neighbors.10．Harris tried many times to repeat his action in order to________.A．prove he had great strengthB．find out how he had done itC．show his daughter he was a heroD．make people believe what happened11．Where did the accident happen?A．Near Children's Mercy Hospital.B．Around his neighbor's home.C．Outside a supermarket.D．At a school gate.12．What can we learn about Harris?A．He was fond of the movie Superman.B．He had the accident while backing his car.C．He drove the injured girl to the nearby hospital.D．He was once run over on the foot by a car.DA typical day at work for Cesar Millan might include putting on his running shoes and taking a four-hour jog with 40 dogs—large and small, young and old. Amazingly, most of those dogs belong to him. The rest are at the heart of his work; they are troubled dogs sent to Millan to learn good behavior.Obviously Millan, star of the TV show “Dog Whisperer” and author of the bestselling book Cesar's Way，has a special gift for working with these animals.Growing up on a farm in Mexico, Millan knew he wanted to work with dogs. His first job, at age 15，was helping a veterinarian (兽医)．He was so good at calming scared dogs and handling all kinds of situations that people started calling him “el perrero”，Spani sh for “the dog boy”．Since then, he has built a rewarding career around his favorite animal.“My grandfather taught me at an early age not to work against nature，”he explains. In nature, dogs_are_pack_animals. They form a group and follow one leader. Millan's specialty is teaching people to be pack leaders for their dogs.Studying dogs on the farm where he grew up，Millan realized they need lots of exercise to be calm. He explains his approach，“Exercise and discipline first，and then affection！”He says a lot of people get it backwards because they don't realize what dogs really need. Therefore, while he trains dogs, he teaches owners to understand that their pets need rules. He's helped famous people like Oprah Winfrey and movie star Will Smith and everyday people too.To find the right career, Millan encourages kids to do what they enjoy. “A lot of people don't realize I've been working with dogs for more than 20 years—long before my TV show or book. Success followed me because I was following my dream of bein g the best dog trainer in the world.”13．By saying “dogs are pack animals”(in Para.4)，the author means that________.A．dogs like to live with peopleB．dogs are easier to be trainedC．few dogs can be leadersD．dogs live in groups14．Which of the following would Millan agree with?A．Dogs are quiet animals.B．Dogs should be trained on farms.C．Rules are more important than love in training dogs.D．Famous people have more problems in training dogs.15．What does Millan advise children to do when it comes to choosing a job?A．Do what interests them.B．Never give up and they will succeed.C．Share their ideas with many other people.D．Receive training long before they succeed.Ⅱ. 七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)“No man is an island” is a wellknown line from John Donne's Devotion, written more than three hundred years ago. Even now people still agree with him. Without other people, life became empty and sad.__16_For some of us, though making friends is not difficult, we may not want to make the first move. It is also difficult at times to keep the friends we already have.There are many books about friendship, but Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence(影响) People，written in 1936, is the most famous.__17__ It was later put into 28 languages.Here is the list of advice from his book：·__18__Always greet with a smile. Begin with “excuse me” or “would you please”，when you want to ask somebody. Remember to say “thank you” and try to be as helpful as you can.·Go out of your way to be nice.__19_ Making some soup for a sick neighbour may seem like a little thing to you, but it will make your neighbour feel a lot better.·Remember names.They say that the sweetest music to a person's ears is the sound of his or her own name.·__20_Try to understand other people's ways and ideas and learn something from them.·Listen patiently.When someone is talking to you, look at him or her, listen carefully and say something when necessary.A．This “How to” book about getting along with other people became a best seller.B．It's also important to keep close friends in our daily life.C．So we all need to have friends.D．Be open-minded.E．Be friendly and polite.F．Try to help your friends get out of trouble.G．Find some time to do some things for other people.Ⅲ. 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)Once a man came to a wise man's house and said, “I have many bad habits. Which one of them should I __21__ first？” The wise man said, “Never tell lies __22_ always speak the truth.” The man __23__ to do so and went home.At night the man was about to go out to steal. Before setting out, he __24_ for a moment about the promise he had made to the wise man. “If he asks me where I have been, what shall I say? Shall I say I went out __25_？No, I cannot say that. But nor can I __26__.If I tell the truth, everyone will start __27 me and call me a thief. I would be __28__ for stealing. ”So the man __29__ not to steal that night，and gave up this __30_ habit.The next day, he __31__ to drink wine. When he was about to do so, he said to himself，“What shall I say to the wise man __32__ he asks me what I did during the day？I cannot tell a lie. ”And so he gave up the __33_ of drinking wine.In this __34_，whenever the man thought of doing something bad, he __35_ his promise to tell the truth at all times.__36__，he gave up all his bad habits and became a very __37__ person.Telling the truth is a very good __38. If you always tell the truth, you can keep yourself away from a lot of __39__ and become a person whom everyone _40_ and favors.Make a promise：I shall always speak the truth.21．A. take out B．give up C．add up D．turn off22．A. so B．but C．and D．or23．A. promised B．happened C．settled D．began24．A. played B．drank C．thought D．slept25．A. walking B．stealing C．studying D．climbing26．A. move B．say C．lie D．help27．A. hating B．catching C．killing D．believing28．A. expected B．hurt C．suffered D．punished29．A. decided B．forgot C．asked D．pretended30．A. special B．funny C．great D．bad31．A. went B．wanted C．learned D．stopped32．A. before B．since C．if D．as33．A. idea B．word C．power D．use34．A. base B．way C．place D．time35．A. imagined B．planned C．broke D．remembered36．A. By the way B．In a word C．First of all D．One by one37．A. good B．strong C．rich D．common38．A. custom B．habit C．game D．example39．A. money B．hope C．pleasure D．trouble40．A. serves B．cheats C．likes D．ControlsⅣ. 语法填空（共10小题，每题1.5分，满分15分）A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. __1__water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder__2__had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man__3__ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled __4__ ( warm ), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home__5__a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let__6__student taste the water. He spit it out, __7__ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, "Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like__8__?" The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be__9__ (sweet). "We understand this lesson best__10__we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.1．感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助。
河南省新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试语文试题
命题人魏学斌一、阅读下面的文章，完成1～3题。
（9分）人可以大体分为两类。
一类人惯于对外界的影响（包括别人的思想）起强烈的反应。
一类人则消极被动地接受一切事物。
前一类人甚至在孩提时期就对别人教给自己的一切提出疑问，并往往叛逆传统和习俗。
他们富有好奇心，要自己去探索事物。
第二类人更容易适应生活，而且在其他条件相同的情况下，更能积累正规教育所传授的知识。
后一类人的头脑充满了公认的观点和固定的看法，而反应型的人则具有较少的固定观念，他们的思想更自由、更可变。
当然，并不是每一个人，都可按照这两个极端来划分，从而隶属于某一种，但显然，接近被动型的人是不适于从事研究工作的。
怎样选择有前途的人来从事科学研究工作，或是判断自己是否适宜，这是个难题。
列出一连串所需的品格条件对解决问题并无多大帮助，因为目前还没有一种客观的手段来衡量所列出的特点。
然而，心理学家有一天也许会解决这个问题。
例如，可以设计一种实验，来测验人们日常生活方面的知识。
这可以衡量人们好奇心和观察力的大小，即他“发现”周围环境中事物的成功率，因为生活就是一个不断的发现过程。
还可以设计一些实验，来检验人们概括的能力以及能否提出与已知资料相适应的假说的能力。
也许对科学的热爱可这样来考察：看他们在获知科学上的新发现时是高兴还是相反，据此进行判断。
普通的考试并不足以说明学生研究能力的强弱，因为考试往往有利于积累知识的人，而不利于思想家。
出色的考生并不一定擅长于研究工作，而另一方面，一些著名的科学家则往往在考试上表现得不好。
埃里希完全是靠着考官们的好心而通过医学毕业考试的，因为考官们很有见识，承认他有特殊的才能。
而爱因斯坦则在工艺学校入学考试中不及格。
比起那种不加怀疑地接受全部教学内容的学生，善于思考、勇于批判的学生在积累知识方面很有可能处在不利的地位。
我注意到，在英国许多生物学或非生物科学方面的研究人员都是博物学家或者在青年时期曾是博物学爱好者。
年轻人爱好博物学的某一学科，进行深入研究，这也许是一种可贵的迹象，说明他有研究的才能。
河南省新野三高高三8月第一次阶段性考试物理试题 含答案
新野三高2014—2015学年高三第一次阶段性考试物理试题命题人田胜安第3章牛顿运动定律(本卷满分100分，考试用时90分钟)一、选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分，每小题至少有一个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分)1．下列关于惯性的各种说法中，你认为正确的是A．材料不同的两个物体放在地面上，用一个相同的水平力分别推它们，则难以推动的物体惯性大B．在完全失重的情况下，物体的惯性将消失C．把手中的球由静止释放后，球能竖直加速下落，说明力是改变物体惯性的原因D．抛出去的标枪、手榴弹等是靠惯性向远处运动的3．一个物体在多个力的作用下处于静止状态．如果仅使其中的一个力大小逐渐减小到零，然后又从零逐渐恢复到原来的大小(此力的方向始终未变)，在这过程中其余各力均不变，如图3所示，能正确描述过程中物体速度变化情况的是图34．为了研究超重与失重现象，某同学把一体重计放在电梯的地板上，并将一物体放在体重计上随电梯运动，观察体重计示数的变化情况．下表记录了几个特定时刻体重计的示数(时间t0t1t2t3体重计示数(kg) 45.0 50.0 40.0 45.0若已知t0A．t1和t2时刻电梯的加速度方向一定相反B．t1和t2时刻物体的质量并没有发生变化，但所受重力发生了变化C．t 1和t2时刻电梯运动的加速度大小相等，运动方向一定相反D．t3时刻电梯可能向上运动5．如图4所示，物体A和物体B中间夹一竖直轻弹簧，在竖直向上的恒力F作用下，一起沿竖直方向匀加速向上运动．当把外力F突然撤去的瞬间，下列说法正确的是A．A、B的加速度立即发生变化B．只有B的加速度立即发生变化C．A的加速度一定小于重力加速度g 图4D．B的加速度一定大于重力加速度g6．(2010·山东济南一模)如图5所示，质量为M的斜劈形物体放在水平地面上，质量为m的粗糙物块以某一初速度沿劈的粗糙面向上滑，至速度为零后又加速返回，而物体M始终保持静止，则在物块m上、下滑动的整个过程中A．地面对物体M的摩擦力先向左后向右B．地面对物体M的摩擦力方向没有改变图5C．地面对物体M的支持力总小于(M＋m)gD．地面对物体M的摩擦力大小不同7．在水平地面上运动的小车车厢底部有一质量为m1的木块，木块和车厢通过一根轻质弹簧相连接，弹簧的劲度系数为k.在车厢的顶部用一根细线悬挂一质量为m2的小球．某段时间内发现细线与竖直方向的夹角为θ，在这段时间内木块与车厢保持相对静止，如图6所示．不计木块与车厢底部的摩擦力，则在这段时间内弹簧的形变为图6A ．伸长量为m 1g k tan θB ．压缩量为m 1gk tan θC ．伸长量为m 1g ktan θD ．压缩量为m 1gktan θ8．(2010·湖北宜昌)一个物体冲上倾角为θ的斜面，沿斜面上滑，然后又下滑回原地．已知物体从最高点下滑回到原地的时间为由原地上滑到最高点时间的2倍，则物体与斜面间的动摩擦因数为A ．tan θ B.35tan θC.12tan θD.13tan θ9．如图7所示，两个质量分别为m 1＝2 kg 、m 2＝3 kg 的物体置于光滑的水平面上，中间用轻质弹簧秤连接．两个大小分别为F 1＝30 N 、F 2＝20 N 的水平拉力分别作用在m 1、m 2上，则图7A ．弹簧秤的示数是10 NB ．弹簧秤的示数是50 NC ．在突然撤去F 2的瞬间，弹簧秤的示数不变D ．在突然撤去F 1的瞬间，m 1的加速度不变10.（2011天津）如图所示，A 、B 两物块叠放在一起，在粗糙的水平面上保持相对静止地向右做匀减速直线运动，运动过程中B 受到的摩擦力 A ．方向向左，大小不变 B ．方向向左，逐渐减小 C ．方向向右，大小不变D ．方向向右，逐渐减小 二、填空题(本大题共2小题，共14分，将答案写在题中的横线上，不要求写出演算过程)11．(4分)在”验证牛顿运动定律”的实验中，以下做法错误的是________． A ．平衡摩擦力时，应将小盘用细绳通过定滑轮系在小车上 B ．每次改变小车的质量时，不需要重新平衡摩擦力 C ．实验时，先放开小车，再接通打点计时器电源D ．求小车运动的加速度时，可用天平测出小盘的质量m ′以及小车质量M ，直接用公式a ＝m ′Mg 求出12．(10分)某实验小组利用如图8所示的实验装置来探究当合外力一定时，物体运动的加速度与其质量之间的关系．(1)由图8中刻度尺读出两个光电门中心之间的距离x＝24 cm，由图9中游标卡尺测得遮光条的宽度d＝________ cm.该实验小组在做实验时，将滑块从图8所示位置由静止释放，由数字计时器可以读出遮光条通过光电门1的时间Δt1，遮光条通过光电门2的时间Δt2，则滑块经过光电门1时的瞬时速度的表达式v1＝________，滑块经过光电门2时的瞬时速度的表达式v2＝________，则滑块的加速度的表达式a＝________.(以上表达式均用字母表示)(2)在本次实验中，实验小组通过改变滑块质量总共做了6组实验，得到如下表所示的实验数据．通过分析表中数据，你得出的结论是________.m(g) a(m/s2)250 2.02300 1.65350 1.33400 1.25500 1.00800 0.63(3)在图10所示的坐标系中描点作出相应图象．图10三、计算题(本大题共4小题，共46分．要有必要的文字说明和解题步骤，有数值计算的要注明单位)13．(10分)在研究摩擦力特点的实验中，将木块放在足够长的静止水平木板上．如图11甲所示，用力沿水平方向拉木块，使拉力F从0开始逐渐增大．经实验绘制出摩擦力F f随拉力F的变化图象如图丙所示．已知木块质量为0.78 kg.(1)求木块与长木板间的动摩擦因数．(2)若木块在与水平方向成θ＝37°角斜向右上方的恒定拉力F′作用下，以a＝2.0 m/s2的加速度从静止开始做匀加速直线运动，如图乙所示．则F′为多大？(取sin 37°＝0.6，cos 37°＝0.8)16．(14分)如图14所示，一小滑块以v0＝4 m/s的初速度滑上一个固定在地面上的足够长的斜面，经过t＝0.6 s恰好经过斜面上的某点B，已知斜面的倾角α＝37°，小滑块与斜面间的动摩擦因数μ＝0.5.求：(1)小滑块在t＝0.6 s时经过B点的速度v B；(2)B点距斜面底端A点的距离x AB.图14高三物理第一次阶段性考试答案一、选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分，每小题至少有一个选项正确，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的得0分)1．解析由于两物体材料不同，摩擦力可能不同，因此不能判断其质量关系，A选项错；惯性由质量决定，跟物体的运动状态无关，力也不能改变物体的惯性，B、C错；选D.答案 D2．解析小球在A点时，弹簧处于自由伸长状态，故x A＝h，a A＝g，A正确；当小球的速度达到最大时，小球的合外力为零，此时的加速度为零，故x B＝h＋mg，a B＝0，B正确；k，此时小球还小球到达C点时的速度为零，即到达了最低点，由对称性可知，若x C＝h＋2mgk，a C＞g，D正确．有向下的速度，故x C＞h＋2mgk答案ABD3．解析由题意知，合力先变大后变小，因此加速度也先变大后变小，在v－t图象中，图象的斜率表示加速度．D项正确．答案 D4．解析由表中数据可知，t1时刻物体处于超重状态，电梯加速度方向向上，t2时刻物体处于失重状态，电梯加速度方向向下，A正确；无论超重还是失重，其重力均不变，B 错；t1时刻和t2时刻电梯加速度大小相等、方向相反，但运动方向可能相同也可能相反，C 错；t3时刻电梯匀速运动，但运动方向不能确定，D对．答案AD5．解析在把外力F突然撤去的瞬间，弹簧中的弹力来不及变化，则物体A的加速度不变，只有B的加速度立即发生变化，故B项正确；在外力F作用下物体A和物体B的加速度可以大于重力加速度g，故C项错误；撤去外力F时，弹簧对B有向下的作用力，故B的加速度一定大于重力加速度g，D项正确．答案BD6．解析物块上滑时的加速度大小为a1＝gsin θ＋μgcos θ，下滑时的加速度大小为a 2＝gsin θ－μgcos θ，方向均沿斜面向下，可分解为竖直向下和水平向左，如图甲所示．对整体进行受力分析如图乙所示，竖直方向有向下的加速度，地面对物体M 的支持力始终小于(M ＋m)g ，选项C 正确；水平方向有向左的加速度，地面对物体M 的摩擦力(静摩擦力)的方向始终水平向左，考虑到a 1＞a 2，上滑时地面对物体M 的摩擦力大于下滑时地面对物体M 的摩擦力，选项B 、D 正确而A 错误． 答案 BCD7． 解析 分析m 2的受力情况可得：m 2gtan θ＝m 2a ， 得出：a ＝gtan θ， 再对m 1应用牛顿第二定律，得：kx ＝m 1a ，x ＝m 1gk tan θ，因a 的方向向左，故弹簧处于伸长状态，故A 正确． 答案 A8．解析 上滑时x ＝12a 1t 21，mgsin θ＋μmgcos θ＝ma 1；下滑时x ＝12a 2t 22，mgsin θ－μmgcos θ＝ma 2，t 2＝2t 1，解得μ＝35tan θ，B 正确．【答案】：A二、填空题(本大题共2小题，共14分，将答案写在题中的横线上，不要求写出演算过程)12．答案 ACD13．解析 (1)遮光条的宽度很小，遮光条通过光电门的时间极短，遮光条在极短时间内的运动看做匀速运动．遮光条从光电门1到光电门2做匀加速运动．(2)当合外力一定时，在误差允许的范围内，物体质量和加速度的乘积近似相等． (3)作a －1m 图象比作a －m 图象更能说明a 与m 成反比．答案 (1)0.52 d Δt 1 d Δt 2 v 22－v 212x(代入v 1、v 2一样给分)(2)在合外力不变的情况下，物体运动的加速度跟物体的质量成反比 (3)如图所示三、计算题(本大题共4小题，共46分．要有必要的文字说明和解题步骤，有数值计算的要注明单位) 14．解析 (1)由图丙可知，木块所受的滑动摩擦力 F f ＝3.12 N 由F f ＝μF N得μ＝F f F N ＝F f mg ＝ 3.120.78×10＝0.4.(2)木块受重力G 、支持力F N 、拉力F 和摩擦力F f 作用．将F 分解为水平和竖直两方向， 根据牛顿第二定律：Fcos θ－F f ＝ma Fsin θ＋F N ＝mgF f ＝μF N联立各式得：F ＝4.5 N.答案 (1)0.4 (2)4.5 N15．解析 (1)对小球受力分析，由平衡条件可知：mgsin θ＝F f1 F N1＝mgcos θF f1＝μF N1解得μ＝tan 37°＝0.75.(2)水平推力作用后，由牛顿第二定律： Fcos θ－mgsin θ－F f2＝ma F f2＝μF N2＝μ(Fsin θ＋mgcos θ) 解得a ＝2 m/s 2.答案 (1)0.75 (2)2 m/s 216．解析 (1)由图象知v 0＝0时，a 0＝4 m/s 2，即物体不受风力时，加速度为a 0＝4 m/s 2.由牛顿第二定律得mgsin θ－μmgcos θ＝ma 0. 解得μ＝gsin θ－a 0gcos θ＝0.25.(2)由图象知当v ＝5 m/s 时，物体的加速度a ＝0，由平衡条件得 mgsin θ－μF N －kvcos θ＝0， F N ＝mgcos θ＋kvsin θ， 以上两式联立得k ＝mg (sin θ－μcos θ)v (μsin θ＋cos θ)＝0.84 kg/s.答案 (1)0.25 (2)0.84 kg/s17．解析 (1)设小滑块的质量为m ，则其上滑时，由牛顿第二定律得 mgsin α＋μmgcos α＝ma 1。
河南省新野三高高三英语8月第一次阶段性考试试卷
新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试英语试题Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AHarriet Tubman was an AfricanAmerican woman who fought against slavery.She was born in 1820. She helped many people escape from slavery through the Underground Railroad. It was an organized effort to help slaves from the southern states to areas that banned slavery.Slaves could be sold freely. Families were often separated. Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman in 1844, yet she remained a slave. In 1849, the farmer who owned her died. Then she ran to the home of a white woman who had offered to help her.This woman told her how to reach another home where she could hide. Harriet Tubman went from place to place in this way. This was how the Underground Railroad operated. Finally，she went into the northern state of Pennsylvania. During the next ten years，she led an expanded Underground Railroad，and helped 300 slaves escape.Harriet Tubman found another way to fight against slavery during the Civil War. She went into the southern states to spy(做间谍) for the North. After the Civil War，Harriet Tubman settled in New York State. She gave speeches to raise money for better education for black Americans, worked for women's rights and sought help for older adults who had been slaves.Harriet Tubman died in 1913.By that time, she had been recognized as an American heroine(女英雄)．1．What does the passage mainly tell us?A．The Underground Railroad.B．The history of American slavery.C．Harriet's hard life and bravery.D．Harriet's fight against slavery.2．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The Underground Railroad was a way to freedom.B．Everyone knew that there was a way to free land.C．Black people were cared about by many white people.D．Black people looked down upon white people.3．From Paragraph 4, we learn that when the Civil War broke out, Harriet________. A．worked for the SouthB．did a lot of work for the patients as a doctorC．helped everyone to go to schoolD．got secret information for the North4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Harriet was recognized as a heroine.B．Harriet fought against slavery in many ways.C．Harriet helped only black people in her life.D．Harriet helped black people to get better education.BTanzania Tarangire is a national park in Tanzania. The park itself covers an area of around 2,850 square kilometers, making it the sixth largest park of its kind in the country. I recently visited it to see what it was like.One of the first sightings upon entering the park I found was a huge group of elephants. Our guide told us Tarangire was probably the best place in Tanzania to find large groups of elephants. We continued to watch the elephants as they stood under trees and scratched(搔)themselves against the trees to hit the spot of an itch(痒)．To the right of the elephant group, we noticed a big tree. Our guide informed us that this was a baobab tree and that Tarangire was one of the best national parks in Africa to see so many baobab trees.As we continued our drive through the park, we finally reached a watering hole. Our guide warned us there were lions all around us. Most of them were resting in the shade under bushes, but there was one that was drinking from the watering hole directly in front of us. We then noticed there were a couple of fresh zebra corpses(尸体)—it seemed as if the resting lions had killed them!Our final big sighting was one that none of us were expecting to see！We pulled over to where there was a large gathering of cars, with a sleeping leopard there！We took photos happily and excitedly and observed its surprising body before returning to our hotel as it was getting late.So I hope you enjoyed my description of Tarangire，and that I've inspired you to add this amazing park to your very own Tanzania travel plan.7．How did the author travel in Tanzania Tarangire?A．By bicycle. B．By train.C．On foot. D．By car.8．What does the author think of his trip in Tanzania Tarangire?A．Boring. B．Enjoyable.C．Dangerous. D．Challenging.CA young girl is calling a neighbor a superhero because of what he did when she was trapped beneath a car. Nick Harris said he didn't know where he found the strength, but somehow he managed to lift a car off the 6yearold girl last week，earning himselfthe title of superman. “I just think it' s a Christmas miracle，”Harri s said. Harris said he has tried time and again to recreate(使再现)the surprising show of strength because instinct(本能) sent him running to the 6yearold' s aid.“I just ran over there，saw the tire on her，and lifted the car up to get her out from underneath the car，”Harris said. “I don't know how I did it. I've tried three or four times since then.”Harris was dropping off his daughter at Eugene Field Elementary Friday morning when he saw a car back out of a driveway，pinning(压住) the girl under its tire. That girl turned out to be his daughter's best friend.“I was expecting her to have bad injuries，”Harris said.“I've had broken toes, because a car just backed over my foot. And here this whole car was on top of her.I wasn't expecting it to turn out as wonder ful as it did.”The first grader was flown to Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City by an air ambulance(救护车)，but didn't have to stay long.“They all call me superman now，”Harris said. “I'm just a dad.I'm just a dad that was in the right place at the right time. And I was finally able to help and I did something good.”9．Why was Harris called a superhero?A．He saved a girl by lifting a car.B．He won in a Christmas competition.C．He pushed off the car on his daughter.D．He was always ready to help his neighbors.10．Harris tried many times to repeat his action in order to________.A．prove he had great strengthB．find out how he had done itC．show his daughter he was a heroD．make people believe what happened11．Where did the accident happen?A．Near Children's Mercy Hospital.B．Around his neighbor's home.C．Outside a supermarket.D．At a school gate.12．What can we learn about Harris?A．He was fond of the movie Superman.B．He had the accident while backing his car.C．He drove the injured girl to the nearby hospital.D．He was once run over on the foot by a car.DA typical day at work for Cesar Millan might include putting on his running shoes and taking a fourhour jog with 40 dogs—large and small, young and old. Amazingly, most of those dogs belong to him. The rest are at the heart of his work; they are troubled dogs sent to Millan to learn good behavior.Obviously Millan, star of the TV show “Dog Whisperer”and author of the bestselling book Cesar's Way，has a special gift for working with these animals.Growing up on a farm in Mexico, Millan knew he wanted to work with dogs. His first job, at age 15，was helping a veterinarian (兽医)．He was so good at calming scared dogs and handling all kinds of situations that people started calling him “el perrero”， Spanish fo r “the dog boy”．Since then, he has built a rewarding career around his favorite animal.“My grandfather taught me at an early age not to work against nature，”he explains. In nature, dogs_are_pack_animals. They form a group and follow one leader. Millan's specialty is teaching people to be pack leaders for their dogs.Studying dogs on the farm where he grew up，Millan realized they need lots of exercise to be calm. He explains his approach，“Exercise and discipline first，and then affection！”He says a lot of pe ople get it backwards because they don't realize what dogs really need. Therefore, while he trains dogs, he teaches owners to understand that their pets need rules. He's helped famous people like Oprah Winfrey and movie star Will Smith and everyday people too.To find the right career, Millan encourages kids to do what they enjoy. “A lot of people don't realize I've been working with dogs for more than 20 years—long before my TV show or book. Success followed me because I was following my dream of being the best dog trainer in the world.”13．By saying “dogs are pack animals”(in Para.4)，the author means that________. A．dogs like to live with peopleB．dogs are easier to be trainedC．few dogs can be leadersD．dogs live in groups14．Which of the following would Millan agree with?A．Dogs are quiet animals.B．Dogs should be trained on farms.C．Rules are more important than love in training dogs.D．Famous people have more problems in training dogs.15．What does Millan advise children to do when it comes to choosing a job? A．Do what interests them.B．Never give up and they will succeed.C．Share their ideas with many other people.D．Receive training long before they succeed.Ⅱ. 七选五 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)“No man is an island” is a wellknown line from John Donne's Devotion, written more than three hundred years ago. Even now people still agree with him. Without other people, life became empty and sad.__16_For some of us, though making friends is not difficult, we may not want to make the first move. It is also difficult at times to keep the friends we already have. There are many books about friendship, but Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence(影响) People，written in 1936, is the most famous.__17__ It was later put into 28 languages.Here is the list of advice from his book：·__18__Always greet with a smile. Begin with “excuse me” or “would you please”， when you want to ask somebody. Remember to say “thank you” and try to be as helpful as you can.·Go out of your way to be nice.__19_ Making some soup for a sick neighbour may seem like a little thing to you, but it will make your neighbour feel a lot better.·Remember names.They say that the sweetest music to a person's ears is the sound of his or her own name.·__20_Try to understand other people's ways and ideas and learn something from them. ·Listen patiently.When someone is talking to you, look at him or her, listen carefully and say something when necessary.A．This “How to” book about getting along with other people became a best seller. B．It's also important to keep close friends in our daily life.C．So we all need to have friends.D．Be openminded.E．Be friendly and polite.F．Try to help your friends get out of trouble.G．Find some time to do some things for other people.Ⅲ. 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)Once a man came to a wise man's house and said, “I have many bad habits. Which one of them should I __21__ first？” The wise man said, “Never tell lies __22_ always speak the truth.” The man __23__ to do so and went home.At night the man was about to go out to steal. Before setting out, he __24_ for a moment about the promise he had made to the wise man. “If he asks me where I have been, what shall I say? Shall I say I went out __25_？No, I cannot say that. But nor can I __26__.If I tell the truth, everyone will start __27 me and call me a thief.I would be __28__ for stealing. ”So the man __29__ not to steal that night，and gave up this __30_ habit.The next day, he __31__ to drink wine. When he was about to do so, he said to himself，“What shall I say to the wise man __32__ he asks me what I did during the day？I cannot tell a lie. ”And so he gave up the __33_ of drinking wine.In this __34_， whenever the man thought of doing something bad, he __35_ his promise to tell the truth at all times.__36__，he gave up all his bad habits and became a very __37__ person.Telling the truth is a very good __38. If you always tell the truth, you can keep yourself away from a lot of __39__ and become a person whom everyone _40_ and favors. Make a promise：I shall always speak the truth.21．A. take out B．give up C．add up D．turn off 22．A. so B．but C．and D．or 23．A. promised B．happened C．settled D．began24．A. played B．drank C．thought D．slept25．A. walking B．stealing C．studying D．climbing 26．A. move B．say C．lie D．help 27．A. hating B．catching C．killing D．believing 28．A. expected B．hurt C．suffered D．punished 29．A. decided B．forgot C．asked D．pretended 30．A. special B．funny C．great D．bad 31．A. went B．wanted C．learned D．stopped 32．A. before B．since C．if D．as 33．A. idea B．word C．power D．use34．A. base B．way C．place D．time 35．A. imagined B．planned C．broke D．remembered 36．A. By the way B．In a word C．First of all D．One by one37．A. good B．strong C．rich D．common 38．A. custom B．habit C．game D．example 39．A. money B．hope C．pleasure D．trouble 40．A. serves B．cheats C．likes D．ControlsⅣ. 语法填空（共10小题，每题1.5分，满分15分）A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. __1__water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder__2__had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man__3__ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled __4__ ( warm ), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home__5__a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let__6__student taste the water. He spit it out, __7__ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, "Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like__8__?" The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be__9__ (sweet). "We understand this lesson best__10__we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation. We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.1．感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助。
河南省新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试历史试题(附答案)
新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试历史试题一、单项选择题（共30小题；每题2分，共60分）1、希腊多山多岛的地理环境对希腊历史发展产生的最大政治影响是( )A．促进古希腊城邦民主制的形成B．港湾众多，促进了航海业的发展C．人多地少成为其海外扩张的一个因素D．有利于同外部世界的交流2、右面是《先秦与古希腊：中西文化之源》一书中某章节的目录，请根据目录拟出最合适章节名称是( )A．环境：大陆与海洋B．政体：帝制与共和C．传统：专制与民主D．基础：农业和商业3、公元前399年，苏格拉底因被指控“渎神和腐化青年”而受到审判。
陪审团经过两轮投票，以多数票判其死刑。
苏格拉底的朋友劝他最好逃离雅典，他的答复是：“未经理性审查的生活是毫无意义的。
”他平静地接受了死刑。
材料表明( )A．雅典民主制度处于初创阶段B．苏格拉底反对民主制度C．雅典民主制度存在弊端D．雅典民主程序缺乏公正4、《十二铜表法》保留了许多原始的陈规陋习，如同态复仇，巫术惩罚，对债务人的残酷处置，禁止平民与贵族通婚等，这说明( )A．此法的制定是为了保护贵族的利益B．此法的制定是平民的胜利C．此法没有任何进步的意义D．贵族可以任意解释法律5、斯塔夫里阿诺斯在《全球通史》中指出：“罗马人在思想意识方面最重要的贡献在于，他们的法律是基于理性而不是基于习俗。
”对“理性”的正确理解是( )A．罗马法完全摒弃了习惯法B．罗马法形成了完备的法律体系C．罗马法崇尚自由平等D．罗马法适应了当时社会发展的需要，为现实服务6、罗马法规定，作为权利义务主体的自然人必须具有人格，即享有权利和承担义务的资格。
人格由自由权、市民权和家庭权三种身份权构成。
罗马法规定，只有同时具备上述三种身份权的人，才能在法律上享有完全的权利能力，才属于具备完整人格的人。
罗马法的此项规定（）A．为资产阶级战胜封建势力提供了理论武器 B．为资本主义经济的发展提供了法律形式C. 为资产阶级的民权理论提供了思想渊源D．为资产阶级国家的法律体系树立了楷模7、著名历史学家巴林顿·摩尔指出：“没有新的原则在17世纪的成功实施，就难以想象英国社会如何能够在18、19世纪和平地实现现代化”。
河南省新野县第三高级中学2014-2015学年高一下学期第一次月考生物试题(附答案)
2014—2015学年下学期第一次阶段性考试高一生物试题2015.4 说明：1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。
卷面总分100分，考试时间90分钟。
2．请将第Ⅰ卷选择题答案涂在答题卡上。
考试结束，只交第Ⅱ卷及答题卡。
一、选择题（每小题1.2分，共60分）1．下列相关遗传的概念，叙述错误的是( )A.相对性状是指同种生物的同一种性状的不同表现类型B.杂种后代中同时出现显性性状和隐性性状的现象叫做性状分离C.表现型相同，基因型不一定相同；基因型相同，表现型一定相同D.等位基因是指在一对同染色体的同一位置上控制相对性状的基因2．将基因型分别为AA和aa的个体杂交,得F1后,F1自交得F2,再将F2自交得F3,在F3中出现的基因型AA∶Aa∶aa等于( )A.3∶2∶3B.3∶4∶3C.5∶2∶5D.1∶2∶13．某一基因型为Aa的生物个体，在自然状态下，下列有关它产生配子的叙述不正确的是（）A．雄配子数量通常为A:a = 1:1 B．雌配子数量通常为A:a = 1:1C．雌配子和雄配子的数量一样多D．雌配子的种类和雄配子的种类一样多4．采用下列哪一组方法，可以依次解决①～④中的遗传学问题( )①鉴定一只白羊是否是纯种②在一对相对性状中区分显、隐性③不断提高小麦抗病品种的纯合度④检验杂种F1的基因型A．杂交、自交、测交、测交B．杂交、杂交、杂交、测交C．测交、测交、杂交、自交D．测交、杂交、自交、测交5．下列关于遗传定律的叙述中，正确的是( )A.基因型为Dd的豌豆，经减数分裂可产生D、d两种类型的雌雄配子,雌雄配子比例为1：1B.基因自由组合定律的实质是受精作用时，非等位基因自由组合C.非同源染色体数量越多，非等位基因组合的种类也越多D.非同源染色体自由组合，使所有非等位基因之间也发生自由组合6．甲和乙为一对相对性状，用以进行杂交实验可以得到下列四组实验结果。
若甲性状为显性，用来说明实验中甲性状个体为杂合子的实验组是()①甲♀×乙♂→F1呈甲性状②甲♀×乙♂→F1呈乙性状③乙♀×甲♂→F1呈甲性状④乙♀×甲♂→F1呈乙性状A.②和④B.①和③C.②和③D.①和④7．家兔灰毛(W)对白毛（w）显性，短毛（L）对长毛（l）显性，控制这两对性状的基因独立遗传。
2015届河南省新野县第三高级中学高三第八次周考英语试题
新野县第三高级中学2015届高三第八次周考英语试题第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节：共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分。
阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AEarlier this year, the best company at surveying the rich in China announced that more than 60 % of the people it surveyed had already immigrated to another country, or were considering doing so.The question for the Hurun Report, which publishes an annual China rich list, was why? Was pollution driving people abroad, weariness over China's political crackdowns, or something else entirely?It turns out the questions also nagged Rupert Hoogewerf, founder of Hurun. At the time, his best guess was that pollution and the desire to park some assets abroad were driving rich Chinese to the United States, Canada, and Australia--the top three destinations for those leaving China.But to find out for sure, he conducted a follow-up survey that is being released today, and Fortune got exclusive early access. Hurun teamed up with Visas Consulting Group to ask 141 wealthy Chinese questions about emigration and where they're moving their money. The researchers discovered that three factors drove emigration from China, with each factor accounting for 20% of the responses.People moved because they wanted better options for their children's education; they were distressed(痛苦的) about the growing pollution problems plaguing(烦扰) China's cities; and they were concerned about food safety in the country, which in the latest scare involved tainted dog treats."Again and again, when talking to people on an individual basis, those are the issues they raise," says Hoogewerf.Maybe most surprising, two-thirds of those emigrating, or considering doing so, are also considering giving up their Chinese nationality.As I wrote in March, just as Beijing was coming out of the throes of a smoggy winter, those who can avoid China's pollution and food scares are doing so. It's troublesome for the Chinese government because experts conclude that big improvements to the air remain at least a decade away, not to say anything about China's food safety or its education system.The Hurun survey produced other interesting results. As a percentage of their total wealth, rich Chinese invest on average 16% abroad. The most popular investment choice is real estate and the U.S. is the overwhelming favorite destination. Los Angeles ranks as the most popular city to buy real estate, followed by San Francisco and New York. Vancouver ranked as the third most popular city. Detached villas were the preferred type of housing, followed by apartments and townhouses.Those surveyed all had assets worth more than $1 million and on average were worth $ 7 million. The top destinations for rich emigrating from China are as follows: The wealthiest citizens in any country are the most mobile, so the flight of wealthy Chinese isn't in itself a surprise. But unlike rich Americans fleeing their home country to avoid taxes, the Chinese are leaving because of basic desires—clean air, clean food, good schools. If China's government doesn't improve these, the flight of China's wealthiest residents won't stop.1. How many people investigated want to emigrate for their children's education?A.24.B.25.C.94.D.28.2. Which are the reasons why rich Chinese in the survey emigrate?①For their children's education. ② For the growing pollution problems.③For food safety. ④ For tainted dog treats.⑤For China's political crackdowns. ⑥ For more money.A. ①②③④B. ③④⑤⑥C. ①②④⑤D.①②⑤⑥3. What's Hurun's attitude to the China's problems causing emigration?A. Indifferent.B. Neutral.C. Optimistic.D. Pessimistic.BHere is the Nine O'clock News:1. President Absul Krim of Syria says that the danger of war in the Middle East is greater now than for the past two years. His country does not want war, he says, but the Syrian people have waited too long for an end to the troubles with their neighbors. If war comes, says Mr. Krim, Syria will be ready.2. Ben Kitson, a writer of stories and plays for children, has died at his home in California. Mr. Kitson was 82. His most famous book of stories, The Gentleman's House sells all over the world, in more than twenty-five languages.3. Policemen in New York have gone on strike. Their leader Mr.Paul Angeli says that they will return to work only when they receive more money for working long hours and doing what Mr. Angeli calls "the most dangerous job in the city".4. It has been a good year on the farm. The warm, wet spring and the fine summer have been very good for all kinds of food plants. This means that fruits and vegetables will cost less in the shops this year.5. More than l,100 people committed suicide(自杀) in Beijing last year, and experts have been encouraging the capital to set up a mental health care system as soon as possible, local media reported last week. About 20 percent of the people of Beijing live in unhealthy conditions, with 3 percent of these suffering from affective disorder and 5 percent reporting symptoms(症) of depression, according to the Beijing Mental Health Service Centre.4. According to the first piece of news, which of the following statements is NOT true?.A. The Syrian people are aggressive.B. The Syrian people are looking forward to the end of the troubles with theirneighbours.C. The Syria people do not want war, but will be ready if it comes.D. The possibility of war in the Middle East is greater than before.5. Mr. Kitson was famous for ___________.A. plays and stories for childrenB.82 stories about his home in CaliforniaC. stories in more than twenty-five languagesD. books, sold all over the world6. It can be inferred from the third piece of news that ________A. policemen in New York hate their dangerous jobsB. policemen in New York love their important jobsC. the government will refuse to raise the policemen's salary and the policemen will neverreturn to workD. the policemen in New York received an unreasonable salary for their long-time anddangerous work.7. What is the best title for the last piece of news?A. More Than 1,100 People Committed Suicide(自杀) in Beijing Last Year.B. About 20 percent of the People of Beijing Live in Unhealthy Conditions.C. Beijing Badly Needs a Mental Health Care System.D. People Living in Beijing Suffer a Lot.CI was driving home the other day on a sunny afternoon. I had a smile on my face as I sang along to the songs on the radio. It was a beautiful day that I felt full of happiness. My good mood ended, however, when the radio station took a news break between songs. Then suddenly I found myself listening to yet another story of a rich famous man who had bro- ken the law. I shook my head as I came to a red traffic light.As I pulled to a stop I noticed four leather' jacketed bikers, They were standing in the middle of the road with two on either side of the light. They looked rough and dangerous, but as I got closer I noticed each one was holding their helmet in their hands. I rolled down my window as one approached my car. "We are the Brothers of the Wheel," he said. "We are collecting money for a Christmas Toy Drive for needy children. " As I pulled a dollar out of my wallet I looked past his beard and tattoos and into his eyes. They shined with a goodness and kindness that came right from his soul. I dropped the money in his helmet and waved to the other bikers as I drove off. My good mood had returned. My faith in mankind had been bolstered. And I had to remember again never to judge people by their appearance.Our society often judges books by their covers but God reads what is written in our hearts and souls. Perhaps one day we will all learn to see the world through the same eyes. Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much.8. The writer's good mood ended when ___________.A. he heard news between songsB. he had to stop at a red traffic lightC. he heard a rich man broke the lawD. he saw four leather-jacketed kids in need9. What were the four bikers doing at the traffic light?A. Having a bicycle race in the street.B. Selling helmets to the passers-by.C. Raising money to help kids in need.D. Preparing for Christmas holidays.10. What does "bolstered" in the second paragraph probably mean?A. Destroyed.B. Improved.C. Decreased.D. Exploded.11. The writer tells us that we should ________.A. have faith in young peopleB. judge others by their actionsC. change our attitude to societyD. manage to help others in needDI'm not so sure I like my friends any more. I used to like them to be honest. We'd have lunch, talk on the phone or exchange emails, and they all seemed normal enough. But then came Facebook, and I was introduced to a sad fact: many of my friends have dark sides that they had kept from me.Today my friends show off the more unpleasant aspects of their personalities via Facebook. No longer hidden, they're thrown in my face like TV commercials--unavoidable and endless advertisements for the worst of their personalities.Take Fred. If you were to have lunch with him, you'd find him warm, and self-effacing(谦逊的).Read his Facebook and you'll realize he's an unbearable, food obsessed boring man. He'd pause to have a cup of coffee on his way to save a drowning man and then write about it.Take Andy. You won't find a smarter CEO anywhere, but now he's a CEO without a company to run. So he plays Mafia Wars on Facebook. He's doing well--level 731. Thanks to Facebook, I know he's playing about 18 hours a day. Andy, you've run four companies and this is how you spend your downtime? What happened to golf? What happened to getting another job?Take Liz. She is positive that the flu vaccine will kill us all and that we should avoid it. And then comes Chris who likes to post at least 20 times a day on every website he can find, so I get to read his thoughts twice, once on Facebook and once on Twitter.In real life, I don't see these sides of people. Face to face, my friends show me their best. They're nice, smart people. But face to Facebook , my friends are like a blind date which goes horribly wrong.I'm left with a dilemma. Who is my real friend? Is it the Liz I have lunch with or the anti-vaccine madman on Facebook? Is it the Fred I can grab a sandwich with or the Fredwho weeps if he's at a party and the wine isn't up to his standard?12. Who is opposed to the flu vaccine in the text?A. Fred.B. Andy.C. Liz.D. Chris.13. What's Andy probably busy in doing now?A. He's running his company.B. He's playing golf all day.C. He's looking for another job.D. He's playing computer games.14. According to the text, Facehook tends to ________.A. present another side of peopleB. offer some foods for freeC. show endless advertisementsD. get you to more parties15. The text is developed mainly by_________.A. giving examplesB. following the time orderC. listing figuresD. raising questions第二节：任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）提示：第16～20题填入答题卡第71～75处If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows this, and nobody would think of questioning this fact. 16 When someone says he has a good memory, he means he keeps his memory in practice by exercising it regularly, either consciously or unconsciously. When someone else says his memory is poor, he means he does not give it enough opportunity to become strong. 17 One of them exerciseshis arms and legs by playing tennis, while the other sits in a chair or a motor car all day.If a friend complains his arms are weak, we know it is his own fault. But if he tells us he has a poor memory, many of us think his parents are to blame, or that he is just unlucky. Few of us realize it is just as much his own fault as if it was his arms or legs that were weak.18 But all of us can, if we have ordinary bodies and brains, improve our strength and our memory by the same means--practice.Have you ever noticed that people who cannot read or write usually have better memories than those who can? 19 Of course, because those who cannot read or write have to remember things. They cannot write them down in a little notebook and they have to remember dates, time and prices, names, songs and stories, so their memory is the whole time being exercised.20A. What do you think of it?B. Yet many people do not seem to know the memory works in the same way.C. Not all of us can become extremely strong or extremely clever.D. So if you want a good memory, practice remembering.E. Someone else says that he is poor in health.F. Why is this?G. The position is exactly the same as that of two people.第二部分：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Hope in my armsLast year I was invited to participate in a carnival for Tuesday's Child, an organization that helps children with AIDS.All the children that had 21 at one particular room could paint a square on a piece of cloth. Later the squares would be sewn together to 22 a quilt. The quilt would be 23 to a man who had devoted his life to the 24 and would soon be retiring.The kids were given paints in bright colors and asked to paint something that would make the quilt 25 . As I looked around at all the 26 , I saw pink hearts, blue clouds, orange sunrises and red flowers. The pictures were all bright and 27 . All except one.One boy was painting a heart, 28 it was dark and lifeless. It 29 the bright colors that his fellow artists had used.I asked why. He told me he was very sick and that his 30 was not ever going to get better. He looked straight into my eyes and said, "There is no 31 in my life. " I told him I was 32 and I could understand why he had made his heart a dark color. I told himthat even though we couldn't make him better, we can give 33 , which can really help when he is feeling 34 . I told him that if he would like, I would be happy to give him one. He crawled(爬) into my lap. I thought my own heart would 35 for this sweet little boy. He sat there for a long time. Finally he 36 down to finish his coloring. As I was getting ready to 37 home, I felt a tug(猛拽) on my jacket. Standing there was the little boy, 38 He said, "My heart is changing 39 . It is getting brighter. I think those hugs really do 40 " On my way home I felt my own heart. It too had changed to a brighter color.21. A. behaved B. gathered C. prayed D. hid22. A. fold B. dry C. spread D. make23. A. presented B. sold C. rented D. thrown24. A. education B. ceremony C. organization D. neighborhood25. A. expensive B. comfortable C. beautiful D. loose26. A. squares B. colors C. lights D. kids27. A. negative B. puzzling C. abstract D. inspiring28. A. and B. but C. for D. or29. A. filled B. contained C. lacked D. showed30. A. business B. sickness C. skill D. knowledge31. A. effect B. loss C. justice D. hope32. A. sorry B. crazy C. ashamed D. angry33. A. hugs B. smiles C. prizes D. lessons34. A. cool B. sad C. energetic D. proud35. A. choke B. drown C. burst D. wind36. A. slowed B. fell C. slipped D. jumped37. A. leave B. stay C. head D. flee38. A. smiling B. trembling C. weeping D. glaring39. A. shape B. color C. weight D. temperature40. A. fit B. hurt C. fail D. work第三部分：语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）Toni: I 41 (fail) in the exams of two subjects this term. It's really depressing!Rose: Don't worry about it. It might be that you haven't got a correct way 42 (learn) with success.Toni: That's 43 I expect you to help me with. What do you think I should do in my present case?Rose: I really don't know. I can only tell you what I usually do. Generally 44 , I listen to the teacher attentively and take careful notes in class. I 45 (develop) the habit of previewing and reviewing my lessons 46 (regular) before and after class since secondary school. So I know what we are going to learn before class. Toni: It's a good piece of advice. But I didn't take down 47 key points of the teacher's lecture sometimes. I wonder what I should do.Rose: Sometimes I have that problem too but I make up for it by 48 (check) up on my notes with other classmates regularly after class.Toni: It sounds 49 (wonder)! Then, may I check up my notes with 50 after class?Rose: Why not? We should help each other and learn from each other!Toni: Excellent ! Thank you very much.第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
河南省新野三高高三8月第一次阶段性考试语文试卷 Word版含答案.pdf
新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试语文试题 命题人 魏学斌 一、阅读下面的文章，完成1～3题。
（9分） 人可以大体分为两类。
一类人惯于对外界的影响（包括别人的思想）起强烈的反应。
一类人则消极被动地接受一切事物。
前一类人甚至在孩提时期就对别人教给自己的一切提出疑问，并往往叛逆传统和习俗。
他们富有好奇心，要自己去探索事物。
第二类人更容易适应生活，而且在其他条件相同的情况下，更能积累正规教育所传授的知识。
后一类人的头脑充满了公认的观点和固定的看法，而反应型的人则具有较少的固定观念，他们的思想更自由、更可变。
当然，并不是每一个人，都可按照这两个极端来划分，从而隶属于某一种，但显然，接近被动型的人是不适于从事研究工作的。
怎样选择有前途的人来从事科学研究工作，或是判断自己是否适宜，这是个难题。
列出一连串所需的品格条件对解决问题并无多大帮助，因为目前还没有一种客观的手段来衡量所列出的特点。
然而，心理学家有一天也许会解决这个问题。
例如，可以设计一种实验，来测验人们日常生活方面的知识。
这可以衡量人们好奇心和观察力的大小，即他“发现”周围环境中事物的成功率，因为生活就是一个不断的发现过程。
还可以设计一些实验，来检验人们概括的能力以及能否提出与已知资料相适应的假说的能力。
也许对科学的热爱可这样来考察：看他们在获知科学上的新发现时是高兴还是相反，据此进行判断。
普通的考试并不足以说明学生研究能力的强弱，因为考试往往有利于积累知识的人，而不利于思想家。
出色的考生并不一定擅长于研究工作，而另一方面，一些著名的科学家则往往在考试上表现得不好。
埃里希完全是靠着考官们的好心而通过医学毕业考试的，因为考官们很有见识，承认他有特殊的才能。
而爱因斯坦则在工艺学校入学考试中不及格。
比起那种不加怀疑地接受全部教学内容的学生，善于思考、勇于批判的学生在积累知识方面很有可能处在不利的地位。
我注意到，在英国许多生物学或非生物科学方面的研究人员都是博物学家或者在青年时期曾是博物学爱好者。
河南省新野三高高三8月第一次阶段性考试——化学化学
河南省新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试化学试题一、单项选择题（每题3分，共51分）1、下列说法在一定条件下可以实现的是( )①酸性氧化物与碱发生反应②弱酸与盐溶液反应可以生成强酸③没有水生成，也没有沉淀和气体生成的复分解反应④两种酸溶液充分反应后的溶液体系为中性⑤有单质参加的非氧化还原反应⑥两种氧化物反应的产物有气体A．①②③④⑤⑥B．②④⑤⑥C．①②③⑤D．③④⑤⑥2、下列有关说法中正确的是( )A．从组成元素上可以区别纯净物和混合物B．可用丁达尔效应区分溶液与胶体C．通过化学变化可以实现16O与18O问的相互转化D．由金属元素和非金属元素形成的化学键一定是离子键3、下列关于胶体的认识错误的是( )A．鸡蛋清溶液中加入饱和(NH4)2SO4溶液生成白色沉淀，属于物理变化B．纳米材料微粒直径一般从几纳米到几十纳米(1 nm= 10-9 m)．因此纳米材料属于胶体C．往Fe(OH)3胶体中逐滴加入稀硫酸会产生沉淀而后沉淀逐渐溶解D．水泥厂、冶金厂常用高压电除去烟尘，是因为烟尘微粒带电荷4)5、下列实验中包括三种基本反应类型的是( )A．将钠投入水中B．将钠与硫黄粉末混合研磨C．将钠投入硫酸铜溶液中，产生蓝色沉淀，其中有少量黑色物质D．将钠投入足量碳酸氢钙溶液中6、观察是研究物质性质的一种基本方法。
一同学将一小块金属钠露置于空气中，观察到下列现象：银白色变灰暗变白色出现液滴白色固体，下列说法正确的是( )A．①发生了氧化还原反应B．②变白色是因为生成了碳酸钠C．③是碳酸钠吸收空气中的水蒸气形成了溶液D．④只发生物理变化7、下列实验装置不能达到实验目的的是( )8、下列反应中，Na2O2只表现强氧化性的是( )A.2Na2O2+2H2O===4NaOH+O2↑B.Na2O2+MnO2===Na2MnO4C.2Na2O2+2H2SO4===2Na2SO4+2H2O+O2↑D.5Na2O2+2KMnO4+8H2SO4===5Na2SO4+K2SO4+2MnSO4+5O2↑+8H2O9、向紫色石蕊溶液中加过量的Na2O2粉末，振荡，正确的叙述是( )A．溶液仍为紫色B．最后溶液变为蓝色且有气泡产生C．最后溶液退色D．振荡后向其中加入FeCl2溶液一定不会出现红褐色沉淀10、在氯水中存在多种分子和离子，它们在不向的反应中表现各自的性质。
河南省新野三高高三历史8月第一次阶段性考试试卷
新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试历史试题一、单项选择题（共30小题；每题2分，共60分）1、希腊多山多岛的地理环境对希腊历史发展产生的最大政治影响是 ( )A．促进古希腊城邦民主制的形成B．港湾众多，促进了航海业的发展C．人多地少成为其海外扩张的一个因素D．有利于同外部世界的交流2、右面是《先秦与古希腊：中西文化之源》一书中某章节的目录，请根据目录拟出最合适章节名称是 ( )A．环境：大陆与海洋B．政体：帝制与共和C．传统：专制与民主D．基础：农业和商业3、公元前399年，苏格拉底因被指控“渎神和腐化青年”而受到审判。
陪审团经过两轮投票，以多数票判其死刑。
苏格拉底的朋友劝他最好逃离雅典，他的答复是：“未经理性审查的生活是毫无意义的。
”他平静地接受了死刑。
材料表明 ( ) A．雅典民主制度处于初创阶段B．苏格拉底反对民主制度C．雅典民主制度存在弊端D．雅典民主程序缺乏公正4、《十二铜表法》保留了许多原始的陈规陋习，如同态复仇，巫术惩罚，对债务人的残酷处置，禁止平民与贵族通婚等，这说明 ( )A．此法的制定是为了保护贵族的利益B．此法的制定是平民的胜利C．此法没有任何进步的意义D．贵族可以任意解释法律5、斯塔夫里阿诺斯在《全球通史》中指出：“罗马人在思想意识方面最重要的贡献在于，他们的法律是基于理性而不是基于习俗。
”对“理性”的正确理解是 ( )A．罗马法完全摒弃了习惯法B．罗马法形成了完备的法律体系C．罗马法崇尚自由平等D．罗马法适应了当时社会发展的需要，为现实服务6、罗马法规定，作为权利义务主体的自然人必须具有人格，即享有权利和承担义务的资格。
人格由自由权、市民权和家庭权三种身份权构成。
罗马法规定，只有同时具备上述三种身份权的人，才能在法律上享有完全的权利能力，才属于具备完整人格的人。
罗马法的此项规定（）A．为资产阶级战胜封建势力提供了理论武器 B．为资本主义经济的发展提供了法律形式C. 为资产阶级的民权理论提供了思想渊源D．为资产阶级国家的法律体系树立了楷模7、著名历史学家巴林顿·摩尔指出：“没有新的原则在17世纪的成功实施，就难以想象英国社会如何能够在18、19世纪和平地实现现代化”。
河南省新野三高2015届高三英语8月第一次阶段性考试试卷
新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试英语试题Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每一小题2分，总分为30分)AHarriet Tubman was an AfricanAmerican woman who fought against slavery.She was born in 1820. She helped many people escape from slavery through the Underground Railroad.It was an organized effort to help slaves from the southern states to areas that banned slavery.Slaves could be sold freely.Families were often separated.Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman in 1844, yet she remained a slave.In 1849, the farmer who owned her died.Then she ran to the home of a white woman who had offered to help her. This woman told her how to reach another home where she could hide.Harriet Tubman went from place to place in this way.This was how the Underground Railroad operated.Finally，she went into the northern state of Pennsylvania.During the next ten years，she led an expanded Underground Railroad，and helped 300 slaves escape. Harriet Tubman found another way to fight against slavery during the Civil War.She went into the southern states to spy(做间谍) for the North. After the Civil War，Harriet Tubman settled in New York State. She gave speeches to raise money for better education for black Americans, worked for women's rights and sought help for older adults who had been slaves.Harriet Tubman died in 1913.By that time, she had been recognized as an American heroine(女英雄)．1．What does the passage mainly tell us?A．The Underground Railroad.B．The history of American slavery.C．Harriet's hard life and bravery.D．Harriet's fight against slavery.2．What can be inferred from the passage?A．The Underground Railroad was a way to freedom.B．Everyone knew that there was a way to free land.C．Black people were cared about by many white people.D．Black people looked down upon white people.3．From Paragraph 4, we learn that when the Civil War broke out, Harriet________. A．worked for the SouthB．did a lot of work for the patients as a doctorC．helped everyone to go to schoolD．got secret information for the North4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Harriet was recognized as a heroine.B．Harriet fought against slavery in many ways.C．Harriet helped only black people in her life.D．Harriet helped black people to get better education.BTanzania Tarangire is a national park in Tanzania.The park itself covers an area of around 2,850 square kilometers, making it the sixth largest park of its kind in the country.I recently visited it to see what it was like.One of the first sightings upon entering the park I found was a huge group of elephants. Our guide told us Tarangire was probably the best place in Tanzania to find large groups of elephants.We continued to watch the elephants as they stood under trees and scratched(搔)themselves against the trees to hit the spot of an itch(痒)．To the right of the elephant group, we noticed a big tree.Our guide informed us that this was a baobab tree and that Tarangire was one of the best national parks in Africa to see so many baobab trees.As we continued our drive through the park, we finally reached a watering hole. Ourguide warned us there were lions all around us. Most of them were resting in the shade under bushes, but there was one that was drinking from the watering hole directly in front of us.We then noticed there were a couple of fresh zebra corpses(尸体)—it seemed as if the resting lions had killed them!Our final big sighting was one that none of us were expecting to see！We pulled over to where there was a large gathering of cars, with a sleeping leopard there！We took photos happily and excitedly and observed its surprising body before returning to our hotel as it was getting late.So I hope you enjoyed my description of Tarangire，and that I've inspired you to add this amazing park to your very own Tanzania travel plan.7．How did the author travel in Tanzania Tarangire?A．By bicycle. B．By train.C．On foot. D．By car.8．What does the author think of his trip in Tanzania Tarangire?A．Boring. B．Enjoyable.C．Dangerous. D．Challenging.CA young girl is calling a neighbor a superhero because of what he did when she was trapped beneath a car. Nick Harris said he didn't know where he found the strength,but somehow he managed to lift a car off the 6yearold girl last week，earning himself the title of superman. “I just think it' s a Christmas miracle，〞Harris said. Harris said he has tried time and again to recreate(使再现)the surprising show of strength because instinct(本能) sent him running to the 6yearold' s aid.“I just ran over there，saw the tire on her，and lifted the car up to get her out from underneath the car，〞Harris said. “I don't know how I did it. I've tried three or four times since then.〞Harris was dropping off his daughter at Eugene Field Elementary Friday morning when he saw a car back out of a driveway，pinning(压住) the girl under its tire.That girl turned out to be his daughter's best friend.“I was expecting her to have bad injuries，〞Harris said.“I've had broken toes, because a car just backed over my foot.And here this whole car was on top of her.I wasn't expecting it to turn out as wonderful as it did.〞The first grader was flown to Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City by an air ambulance(救护车)，but didn't have to stay long.“They all call me superman now，〞Harris said. “I'm just a dad.I'm just a dad that was in the right place at the right time.And I was finally able to help and I did something good.〞9．Why was Harris called a superhero?A．He saved a girl by lifting a car.B．He won in a Christmas competition.C．He pushed off the car on his daughter.D．He was always ready to help his neighbors.10．Harris tried many times to repeat his action in order to________.A．prove he had great strengthB．find out how he had done itC．show his daughter he was a heroD．make people believe what happened11．Where did the accident happen?A．Near Children's MercyHospital.B．Around his neighbor's home.C．Outside a supermarket.D．At a school gate.12．What can we learn about Harris?A．He was fond of the movie Superman.B．He had the accident while backing his car.C．He drove the injured girl to the nearby hospital.D．He was once run over on the foot by a car.DA typical day at work for Cesar Millan might include putting on his running shoes and taking a fourhour jog with 40 dogs—large and small, young and old. Amazingly, most of those dogs belong to him.The rest are at the heart of his work; they are troubled dogs sent to Millan to learn good behavior.Obviously Millan, star of the TV show “Dog Whisperer〞and author of the bestselling book Cesar's Way，has a special gift for working with these animals.Growing up on a farm in Mexico, Millan knew he wanted to work with dogs.His first job, at age 15，was helping a veterinarian (兽医)．He was so good at calming scared dogs and handling all kinds of situations that people started calling him “el perrero〞，Spanish for “the dog boy〞．Since then, he has built a rewarding career around his favorite animal.“My grandfather taught me at an early age not to work against nature，〞he explains. In nature, dogs_are_pack_animals.They form a group and follow one lan's specialty is teaching people to be pack leaders for their dogs.Studying dogs on the farm where he grew up，Millan realized they need lots of exerciseto be calm.He explains his approach，“Exercise and discipline first，and then affection！〞He says a lot of people get it backwards because they don't realize what dogs really need.Therefore, while he trains dogs, he teaches owners to understand that their pets need rules.He's helped famous people like Oprah Winfrey and movie star Will Smith and everyday people too.To find the right career, Millan encourages kids to do what they enjoy.“A lot of people don't realize I've been working with dogs for more than 20 years—long before my TV show or book.Success followed me because I was following my dream of being the best dog trainer in the world.〞13．By saying “dogs are pack animals〞(in Para.4)，the author means that________. A．dogs like to live with peopleB．dogs are easier to be trainedC．few dogs can be leadersD．dogs live in groups14．Which of the following would Millan agree with?A．Dogs are quiet animals.B．Dogs should be trained on farms.C．Rules are more important than love in training dogs.D．Famous people have more problems in training dogs.15．What does Millan advise children to do when it comes to choosing a job? A．Do what interests them.B．Never give up and they will succeed.C．Share their ideas with many other people.D．Receive training long before they succeed.Ⅱ. 七选五 (共5小题；每一小题2分，总分为10分)“No man is an island〞is a wellknown line from John Donne's Devotion, written more than three hundred years ago. Even now people still agree with him. Without otherpeople, life became empty and sad.__16_For some of us, though making friends is not difficult, we may not want to make the first move. It is also difficult at times to keep the friends we already have. There are many books about friendship, but Dale Carnegie's How to Win Friends and Influence(影响) People，written in 1936, is the most famous.__17__ It was later put into 28 languages.Here is the list of advice from his book：·__18__Al ways greet with a smile. Begin with “excuse me〞or “would you please〞， when you want to ask somebody. Remember to say “thank you〞 and try to be as helpful as you can.·Go out of your way to be nice.__19_ Making some soup for a sick neighbour may seem like a little thing to you, but it will make your neighbour feel a lot better.·Remember names.They say that the sweetest music to a person's ears is the sound of his or her own name.·__20_Try to understand other people's ways and ideas and learn something from them. ·Listen patiently.When someone is talking to you, look at him or her, listen carefully and say something when necessary.A．This “How to〞 book about getting along with other people became a best seller. B．It's also important to keep close friends in our daily life.C．So we all need to have friends.D．Be openminded.E．Be friendly and polite.F．Try to help your friends get out of trouble.G．Find some time to do some things for other people.Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小题；每一小题1.5分，总分为30分)Once a man came to a wise man's house and said, “I have many bad habits. Which one of them should I __21__ first？〞The wise man said, “Never tell lies __22_ always speak the truth.〞The man __23__ to do so and went home.At night the man was about to go out to steal.Before setting out, he __24_ for a moment about the promise he had made to the wise man.“If he asks me where I have been, what shall I say? Shall I say I went out __25_？No, I cannot say that. But nor can I __26__.If I tell the truth, everyone will start __27 me and call me a thief.I would be __28__ for stealing.〞So the man __29__ not to steal that night，and gave up this __30_ habit. The next day, he __31__ to drink wine. When he was about to do so, he said to himself，“What shall I say to the wise man __32__ he asks me what I did during the day？I cannot tell a lie.〞And so he gave up the __33_ of drinking wine.In this __34_， whenever the man thought of doing something bad, he __35_ his promise to tell the truth at all times.__36__，he gave up all his bad habits and became a very __37__ person.Telling the truth is a very good __38. If you always tell the truth, you can keep yourself away from a lot of __39__ and become a person whom everyone _40_ and favors. Make a promise：I shall always speak the truth.21．A.take outB．give up C．add up D．turn off22．A.soB．but C．and D．or23．A.promisedB．happenedC．settledD．began24．A.playedB．drankC．thoughtD．slept25．A.walkingB．stealingC．studyingD．climbing26．A.moveB．sayC．lieD．help27．A.hatingB．catching C．killingD．believing28．A.expectedB．hurtC．sufferedD．punished29．A.decidedB．forgotC．askedD．pretended30．A.specialB．funnyC．greatD．bad31．A.wentB．wantedC．learnedD．stopped32．A.beforeB．sinceC．if D．as33．A.ideaB．wordC．powerD．use34．A.baseB．wayC．placeD．time35．A.imaginedB．plannedC．brokeD．remembered36．A.By the wayB．In a wordC．First of all D．One by one37．A.good B．strong C．rich D．common38．A.custom B．habit C．game D．example39．A.money B．hope C．pleasure D．trouble40．A.serves B．cheats C．likes D．ControlsⅣ. 语法填空〔共10小题，每题1.5分，总分为15分〕A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water.__1__water was sweet. He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder__2__had been his teacher. After a four-day journey, the young man__3__ ( present ) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled__4__ ( warm ), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home__5__a happy heart.After the student left, the teacher let__6__student taste the water. He spit it out, __7__ (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container. He asked his teacher, "Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like__8__?" The teacher replied," You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply thecontainer for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be__9__ (sweet). "We understand this lesson best__10__we receive gifts of love from children. Whether it is a cheap pipe or a diamond necklace, the proper response is appreciation.We love the idea within the gift rather than the thing.1．感谢在美国期间他所提供的帮助。
河南省新野县第三高级中学2015届高三第八次周考理科综合试题
新野县第三高级中学2015届高三第八次周考理科综合试题相对原子质量：Cu 64 Fe 56 Na 23 C 12 N 14 O 16一、选择题（每小题6分）12、如图表示分泌蛋白从合成到排出细胞外的全过程，其中①②③④分别表示细胞的相关结构；下表是其中三种细胞器的化学成分，相关说法错误的是( )A．图中①②③分别表示内质网、高尔基体和囊泡B．分泌蛋白合成旺盛的细胞中，①②中的成分更新速度快C．①②两种细胞器不止存在于分泌细胞；若抑制④的功能，蛋白质的分泌会减少或停止D．用含3H标记的氨基酸注射到该细胞，形成分泌蛋白时3H依次出现在丙、乙、甲3、某二倍体动物（2N=8）的基因型为AABb，下表是该种生物进行细胞分裂时几个时期的染色体、DNA、染色单体的数量关系，下列判断错误的是( )A．表中Ⅰ、Ⅱ时期表示有丝分裂，Ⅲ、Ⅳ时期表示减数分裂B．在Ⅰ时期细胞中有4个染色体组C．在Ⅱ时期可能发生两种情况的基因重组D．若Ⅳ中一个子细胞基因型为AB，则来自同一细胞的其他三个子细胞基因型为AB、Ab、Ab 4、2013年7月澳大利亚科学家发现一种单基因遗传病，它的遗传图谱如图，相关叙述正确的( )A. 该病为常染色体显性遗传病B. Ⅲ2和Ⅲ3是该病致病基因的携带者C. Ⅲ2和Ⅲ3再生一个患病男孩的概率为1／2D．Ⅳ5与正常女性结婚，建议生女孩5、2014年8月云南大地震，造成鲁甸甘家寨大滑坡，百名官兵持续救援三天三夜，由于长时间未饮水导致机体脱水时，不会发生的生理现象是( )A．血浆渗透压升高B．抗利尿激素分泌增加C．下丘脑渗透压感受器受到的刺激减弱D．肾小管和集合管对水的重吸收作用增强6、如图是人体内的一类特殊的突触，在神经元的轴突末梢分支上分布有许多串珠状的膨大结构，称为曲张体，内含装有递质的囊泡，但曲张体与效应器细胞之间并不形成经典的突触联系，而是沿着轴突末梢分支分布于效应器细胞附近。
当神经冲动到达曲张体时，曲张体释放出递质，通过扩散到达效应器细胞受体，使效应器细胞发生反应。
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河南省新野三高2015届高三8月第一次阶段性考试语文试题一、阅读下面的文章，完成1～3题。
（9分）人可以大体分为两类。
一类人惯于对外界的影响（包括别人的思想）起强烈的反应。
一类人则消极被动地接受一切事物。
前一类人甚至在孩提时期就对别人教给自己的一切提出疑问，并往往叛逆传统和习俗。
他们富有好奇心，要自己去探索事物。
第二类人更容易适应生活，而且在其他条件相同的情况下，更能积累正规教育所传授的知识。
后一类人的头脑充满了公认的观点和固定的看法，而反应型的人则具有较少的固定观念，他们的思想更自由、更可变。
当然，并不是每一个人，都可按照这两个极端来划分，从而隶属于某一种，但显然，接近被动型的人是不适于从事研究工作的。
怎样选择有前途的人来从事科学研究工作，或是判断自己是否适宜，这是个难题。
列出一连串所需的品格条件对解决问题并无多大帮助，因为目前还没有一种客观的手段来衡量所列出的特点。
然而，心理学家有一天也许会解决这个问题。
例如，可以设计一种实验，来测验人们日常生活方面的知识。
这可以衡量人们好奇心和观察力的大小，即他“发现”周围环境中事物的成功率，因为生活就是一个不断的发现过程。
还可以设计一些实验，来检验人们概括的能力以及能否提出与已知资料相适应的假说的能力。
也许对科学的热爱可这样来考察：看他们在获知科学上的新发现时是高兴还是相反，据此进行判断。
普通的考试并不足以说明学生研究能力的强弱，因为考试往往有利于积累知识的人，而不利于思想家。
出色的考生并不一定擅长于研究工作，而另一方面，一些著名的科学家则往往在考试上表现得不好。
埃里希完全是靠着考官们的好心而通过医学毕业考试的，因为考官们很有见识，承认他有特殊的才能。
而爱因斯坦则在工艺学校入学考试中不及格。
比起那种不加怀疑地接受全部教学内容的学生，善于思考、勇于批判的学生在积累知识方面很有可能处在不利的地位。
我注意到，在英国许多生物学或非生物科学方面的研究人员都是博物学家或者在青年时期曾是博物学爱好者。
年轻人爱好博物学的某一学科，进行深入研究，这也许是一种可贵的迹象，说明他有研究的才能。
这表明他从研究自然现象中得到兴趣，并很想亲自通过观察来认识事物。
目前，挑选有前途的、有研究才能的人，也就是劳斯所说的“发现发现者”的唯一方法是：给候选人以机会，至少有一两年的时间来作科学研究的尝试。
除非年轻科学家确实表现了研究方面的能力，否则最好不要给他永久性的研究职位。
这种谨慎的态度不仅关系到科学家未来的物质生活和幸福，而且对研究机构也有好处。
大学生在校期间最后一年应有机会涉足研究，因为这有助于初步证明某人是否适于做研究工作。
一个年轻的毕业生如果采取措施谋求一个研究工作的职位，那就表明他有从事科学研究的真诚愿望，换言之，最优秀的研究人员往往自己挑选自己。
不管科学研究究竟需要何种智力条件，总之大家公认：并不是人人都能从事研究工作而有所成就，正如并非人人都有作曲的才能一样。
然而，缺乏这些条件的人并不等于在其他方面的智力和能力有缺陷。
（选自贝弗里奇《科学研究的艺术》）1. 从原文看，下列关于“性格”与“研究工作”的关系表述，不正确的一项是( )A. 反应型的人则具有较少的固定观念，他们的思想更自由、更可变，能成为研究工作者。
B. 消极被动地接受一切事物，这种被动型的人是不适于从事研究工作的。
C. 每一个人并不绝对隶属于“反应型“”被动型”中的一种,所以难以判断是否适宜研究工作。
D. 人的性格对研究工作有着重要的影响，但对科学的热爱永远是最基本的品格之一。
二、古诗文阅读（36分）（一）阅读下面的文言文，完成4～7题。
沈炼,字纯甫,会稽人。
嘉靖十七年进士。
除溧阳知县。
用伉据,忤御史,调荏平。
父忧去,补清丰,入为锦衣卫经历。
炼为人刚直,嫉恶如仇,然颇疏狂。
每饮酒辄箕踞笑傲,旁若无人。
锦衣帅陆炳善遇之。
炳与严嵩父子交至深,以故炼亦数从世蕃饮。
世蕃以酒虐客,炼心不平,辄为反之,世蕃惮不敢较。
会俺答犯京师,致书乞贡,多嫚语。
下廷臣博议,司业赵贞吉请勿许。
廷臣无敢是贞吉者,独炼是之。
炼愤国无人,致寇猖狂,疏请以万骑护陵寝,万骑护通州军储,而合勤王师十余万人,击其惰归,可大得志。
帝弗省。
嵩贵幸用事,边臣争致贿遗。
及失事惧罪,贿日以重。
炼时时扼腕。
一日从尚宝丞张逊业饮,酒半及嵩,因慷慨骂詈,流涕交颐。
遂上疏言:“今大学士嵩,贪婪之性疾入膏肓,愚鄙之心顽于铁石。
当主忧臣辱之时,不闻延访贤豪,咨询方略,惟与子世蕃图自便。
忠谋则多方沮之,谀谄则曲意引之。
要贿鬻官,沽恩结客。
”帝大怒,榜之数十,谪佃保安。
既至,未有馆舍。
贾人某询知其得罪故,徙家舍之。
里长老亦日致薪米,遣子弟就学。
炼语以忠义大节,皆大喜。
塞外人素憨直,又谂知嵩恶,争詈嵩以快炼。
炼亦大喜,日相与詈嵩父子为常。
且缚草为人,象李林甫、秦桧及嵩,醉则聚子弟攒射。
或踔骑居庸关口,南向戟手詈嵩,复痛哭乃归。
语稍稍闻京师,嵩大恨,思有以报炼。
后嵩败,世蕃坐诛。
临刑时,炼所教保安子弟在太学者,以一帛署炼姓名官爵于其上,持入市。
观世蕃断头讫,大呼曰：“沈公可瞑目矣。
”因恸哭而去。
隆庆初,诏褒言事者。
赠炼光禄少卿,天启初,谥忠憨。
4.对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不正确的一项是( )(3分)A.用伉据,怜御史,调往平用:因为B.父忧去,补清丰,入为锦衣卫经历忧:指父母的丧事C.会俺答犯京师会:会同D.嵩大恨,思有以报炼报:报复5.以下各组句子,全都表明沈炼为人刚、嫉恶如仇的一组是( )(3分)①每饮酒辄箕踞笑傲,旁若无人②世蕃以酒虐客,炼心不平,辄为反之③炼愤国无人,致寇猖狂④因慷慨骂詈,流涕交颐⑤要贿鬻官,沽恩结客⑥醉则聚子弟攒射之A、①②③B、①⑤⑥C、③④⑤D、②④⑥6.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析,不正确的一项是( )(3分)A.沈炼担任溧阳知县期间,由于行为亢直倨傲,触犯御史,被调荏平，后又因为父亲去世离职,守孝期满后被补到清丰做了锦衣卫经历。
B. 沈炼行为刚直,嫉恶如仇,但行为很是狂放不羁；沈炼愤恨国中无人,导致俺答猖獗,于是上疏请求在敌军疲倦地回军时候,发动进攻。
C .沈炼因为上疏揭露严嵩父子的种种倒行逆施而激怒了皇帝,被贬至保安为民，到了后在当地人帮助下才得到处所。
D. 沈炼到了保安后,深得当地人民的同情和支持,让他们的子弟来跟着他学习；于是他在那里经常把忠义大节讲给孩子们听。
7.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(14分)(l)忠谋则多方沮之,谀谄则曲意引之。
(2)塞外人素憨直,又谂知嵩恶,争詈嵩以快炼。
(3)所以遣将守关者，备他盗之出入与非常也。
(4)自我徂尔，三岁食贫。
(5)若亡郑而有益于君，敢以烦执事。
(6)君臣侍殿上者，不得持尺兵。
(7)屈心而抑志兮，忍尤而攘诟。
（二）阅读下面这首诗，完成8～9题（11分）。
田家欧阳修绿桑高下映平川，赛罢田神笑语喧。
林外鸣鸠春雨歇，屋头初日杏花繁。
夏日田园杂兴（其一）第Ⅱ卷（表达题共84分）三、语言文字运用（17分）11. 下列各句中，加点的成语使用正确的一句是（）A．据悉，“泉城美食节”将于本月底举行，消息一经披露，“美食家”们闻风而动，争先恐后地赶到济南，意欲大快朵颐．．．．。
B．“被电脑”的后果，在中学生的书写方面表现最为突出。
你让学生写篇作文，他大笔一挥，龙飞凤舞．．．．，而卷面字迹却无法辨认。
C．哈尔滨大桥垮塌、山东威海居民楼爆炸、济青高速淄博段特大车祸……一个个悲剧如影随形．．．．。
人们不禁要问：安全监督部门是否尽到了应尽的职责?D．改革开放之初，大家都一穷二白．．．．，连一辆自行车都是奢侈品，但现在不同了，家用轿车满街跑，由此我们感受到社会所发生的巨大变化。
12、下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（)(3分）A. 近期，合肥市场的猪肉价格一路下滑，一跌再跌的主要原因是因为供过于求，养殖户盲目大幅增加养殖数量，最终导致市场上猪肉严重过剩。
B. 大学生主持人大赛是安徽理工大学一项极具时尚特色和青春气息的校园品牌文化艺术活动，深受广大青年学子的欢迎，迄今已成功举办九届。
C．据一家权威机构统计显示，我国18岁到70岁国民人均阅读传统纸质图书4．35本，比韩国的11本、法国的20本、日本的40本少得多。
D. 合蚌高铁开通运营，合肥人乘坐高铁4小时进京的梦想得以实现，带着“千里合京一日还”的感叹，体会到前所未有的快捷。
13、依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是（）“中国结”的全称是“中国传统装饰结”，，，，，，，因此绳结也是中国古典服饰的重要组成部分。
①人们很早就开始用绳结来装饰器物，为绳结注入了美学内涵②当时的绳结是人们日常生活中的必备用具③“中国结”的起源可以追溯到上古时期④它是中华民族特有饿一种手工编制工艺品，具有悠久的历史⑤此外，绳结还应用在人们的衣着，佩饰上⑥同时也具有记载历史的重要功用，因而在人们的心目中很神圣A ．③②④⑥⑤①B ．③①②⑤⑥④C ．④①③②⑤⑥D ．④③②⑥①⑤四、基础巩固2、下列句子加点虚词的意义和用法相同的一组是（ ）20.下列加点字解释不正确的一项是 ( )16、17、18、19、14、15、22.下面的文字是对沪宁城际铁路动车组列车的说明，请概括该动车先进性的四个特点。
(不超过20字)(4分)7月1日，沪宁城际铁路正式开通营运，该线路运行的是目前国产最先进的动车。
列车外观较普通列车更具流线性，富于美感。
车厢明亮、简洁；座椅可360度旋转，乘客始终可面向列车运行方向；前后座可收缩，靠背可自动调节。
车速瞬间高达350公里/小时，从南京到上海，单趟直达只耗时69分钟。
车体外形流线型的设计降低了动车组的空气阻力，因而运行时车厢内没有较大的噪音。
23．仿照下面两个比喻句的句式，以“真诚”开头，写两个句式相同的比喻句。
（4分）人生犹如一个爱出谜语的顽童，总是出一些难题让你解答；人生犹如一次漫长的旅行，理解就是前进的火把。
真诚，；真诚，；五、作文（60分）24．阅读下列材料，根据要求作文：哈尔滨的丁香有个特点：它们往往是在人们不经意的瞬间，忽然全部绽放的。
这让人们感觉春天在一夜之间降临到了这座城市。
在北方，有许多花儿都是这样，花蕾往往会在枝头挂很长时间，然后在某一天，或某一瞬间，便“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”了。
花儿为什么要选择在一个瞬间不约而同地绽放呢？一位生物学家解开了这个谜。
北方地处高纬度地区，这里冬季漫长，春季短暂。
有时，春天即使来了，天气也往往会有很多反复，白天可能艳阳高照，而晚上则有寒流侵入，一天之间，温差极大。
在这种气候中，花儿如果贸然开放，必然会被无情的寒风“零落成泥碾作尘”，所以，聪明的花儿一直处于含苞待放的状态，寻找最佳的开放时机。
它们可能会等一个星期，甚至一个月的时间，直到四月中旬或者更晚的某一个清晨，人们上街时会突然闻到四溢的花香，看到花开满城。