“英美社会与文化”课程论文
英美文化概况论文
The Differences of Teenagers’ Life Between China and AmericaIt is universally known that teenagers are the expectation of their parents and the hope of a nation, and almost all the countries in the world, including C hina and America of course, pay much attention to the teenagers’ life. However, because of the differences of culture in different countries, teenagers are obviously not living a same life. And in this article, I want to talk about some differences of teenagers’ life between China and America, for life of teenagers in these two countries are both typical.First of all, let’s go into schools and find out how teenagers s pending a day at school.As a Chinese student, I really know the teenagers’ life at school in China. We have to get up early so as not to be late for classes in the weekdays, and there are nearly ten lessons, which contain Chinese, maths, physics, chemistry, English and so on, from moning to night so that many students, especially the highschool students, prefer to spend most of time staying in the classrooms rather than go to play games. As there are too many tasks of learning for us, sometimes we even think that doing things which have nothing to do with studing is just a waste of time. So now you should know that Chinese teenagers’ life at school seems to be alittle monotonous and there are few things to do except listening to the teachers in classes, reading books and doing exercises. And at the end of the day, we are always feeling very tired.Compairde with Chinese teenagers’ life at school, American teenagers’ is easier and more colourful. American teenagers attend classes for an everage of only five hours a day, while Chinese teenagers spend about 10 hours a day. What’s more, although American teenagers should also learn a lot of subjects like mathematics, science, social studies (a subject that includes history, geography, citizenship and economics) and so on, the contents of these courses are much easier than Chinese students’. In result, American teenagers have relatively few tasks of learning, and they have far more free time to do things which they like.After classes over, American teenagers will have more activities. For example, doing a part-time job is universal among the teenagers.There is an interesting fact that a ccording to a survey, it is found that “About 54 percent young students have no pocket money in America, and there are fewer chances to get money from their parents as their ages increase. It is also found that 68 percent American stude nts earn pocket money through doing part-time job in their spare time.”(Tin Jennifer, 2005) By this way, American teenagers not only earn pocket money, but also get many chances to train themselves to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently.However, it seems to be hard for Chinese teenagers to do the same things like doing a part-time job as American teenagers. One of the reasons is that Chineseteenagers have less spare time and just within the little spare time, they have to finish much homework. Besides, Chinese parents always protect their children excessively in social activities. Many parents fear that their children will face a lot of difficulties or become bad boys in society; they always reduc e their children’s chances to contact with society or do not let them go to the outside alone. As result, Chinese teenagers live a relatively safe life, with the protection of their parents and teachers, but they may lose a large quantity of chances for themselves to kown the reality of society and develop the aware of independence. And now we should somewhat understand the reason why American teenagers often seems to be more confident and mature.In a word, compared with American teenagers, Chinese teenages live a more tired and simple life. The most important things for them is to finish quite a large number of tasks of studying and they do not need to care about other things too much, because their parents always try to do almost everything for them.But why do these differences above appear? In my opinion, the key reason is that, as we all know, now the only way to select talented person in China is examination. That is to say, we test a person’s level by mark, whith sounds a little cruel. Due to this policy, Chinese teenagers have to undertake the heavy tasks of studyi ng, which is just like Zhengqiang’s(a professer of Zhejiang university) words“In the nowadays, the heavy tasks of studying brings too much pression to our Chinese teenagers but take too much happiness of the teenagers’ life away”. Their parents and teachers also put the children’s mark in an very important place,so they often urge the teenagers to sduty hard and hardly let them to other things. However, owing to the rich resources of education and the relatively variety of ways to select talented person, American teenagers have more choices and they needn’t pay so much attention like Chinese teenagers to study.And secondly, the parents’ conceptions of family education have an great effect on the teenagers’ life too.In China, parents will regard their son or daughter as a child and try to protect their child forever, and the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. What Chinese parents do makes Chinese teenagers live a comfortable life. The teenagers is just like the flowers which are planted in the greenhouses, with no hurt by the wind or snow, beautiful but fragile.However, on the contrary, in America, parents often encourage their children to contact with society. For instance, They let their children do a part-time job by controling the amount of children’s pocket money, which is mentioned in the previous paragraph. What American parents do is to cultivate children’s awareness of frugality and train their children’s ability of independence. Thus, American teenagers may meet more touble in the daily life, but if they overcome the trouble by themselves successfully, they will get a lot of precious social experience that will help them grow up more smoothly.By comparing and contrasting Chinese teenagers’ life with American teenagers’life, we can see that the American mode is better for teenagers to grow up healthily and there are some disadvantages about the Chinese mode. Fortunately, the Chinese government has realized this situation. For example, considering the teenagers’ heavy tasks of studying, the government makes some new education policy such as the policy of quality education to increase ways of talented person selecting to encourage the teenagers to do some other things. Besides, with society developing, Chinese parents also realize that it’s of great importance for children to for a self-supporting will, because it’s the basic quality that help a person succeed in society. Then the parents no longer help their children make all the decisions but they sometimes let their children do same choices. So Chinese teenagers’ life is not so monotonous as before, and I think the teenagers’ life will be more and more colourful, and they can grow up more healthily.参考文本文献以及电子文献：[1] 朱永涛，王立礼。
英美文化概论课程论文
英美文化概论课程论文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－What I've Learnt in This CourseAuthor name: 杨坤student number : During this course，we have get the knowledge about America and Britain of their history , language , literature , education , politics and so on .United Kingdom covers only a small part area of the earth's surface , but its people share many different origins and cultures including the Scots , the Welsh , the Irish and the English .The English we use today has experienced too many changes . Old English of Anglo-saxon ,although it is the ancestor of modern English ,appears quite different from today's language .During AD 587-1066 , They used both Latin and Germanic scripts but always called their language Englisc .With the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror in 1066 , norman French became the official language of English .The following phases are Middle English , Modern English ,Standard English .British government system The monarchy is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom .The British constitution is consisted of Acts of Parliament , the Prerogative of the Grown , Conventions of the Constitution , Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege . There are three elements in Parliament——the Crown , the House of Lord , the House of Commons . English literature begins around the 8th century in a language called Old English or Anglo-saxon . During this time the master work is Beowulf , a story of a great king who fought against monsters. The middle English period , generally defined as 1100 to 1500 , sees the true beginning of the magnificent heritage of English literature .During t his period many outstanding writers appeared as like Chauccer and the Shakespeare . Chaucer was the first to use English creation of court writer. He lived in London, use natural central England each county English, not dialect in northern or south England . His works made great contribution to the formation of modern English . when he was young , Chaucer translated part of the love poem "rose legend "into English. His first work is "the duchess's book. "Especially Roy Russ and klein west Germany based on boccaccio , show the great poem talent of Chaucer . His last longest and most famous work is the Canterbury tales. His work in Britain has always been treated as the best until Shakespeare's time. Shakespeare wrote tragic (Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, as king Lear) , comedy(The merchant of Venice, a midsummer night's dream, happy, twelfth night) , tragicomedy(Romeo and Juliet) ,historical play(Henry iv, Henry v, Henry vi, Henry viii, king John, Richard ii, Richard iii) and sonnet (Lover's complaint, LuKeLi silk non-virgins remember, Venus and adonis, enthusiasm of pilgrims, phoenix and doves) .Everybody knows that the Britain is Christians . The church of England is one of the many "Protestant" sects which broke away from the more ancient and more orthodox Roman Catholic Church several centuries ago , during the great religious upheaval called the Reformation.Being different from the Britain , the America has a very big land . In its vast area the United States comprehends most of the physical condition known to men : heatand cold , forest and desert , tropical-awamp and Arctic waste , mountains and endlessplain , empty apace and megalopolis , and the world's largest river system .Around the year 1000 , a party of Icelandic Vikings under Leif Ericson sailed to the eastern coast of North America . 500 years later , the need for increased trade and anerror in navigation led to another European encounter with America .Since 1607 , England began build the permanent colonies, in 150 years, after a lot of settlers poured in, settled in coastal regions, including many from Britain, it is partly from France, Germany, the Netherlands and Ireland and other countries. Middle of the 18th century, 13 British colonies had formed. Because of the climate and geographical environment, the 13 colonial area formed the different economic , political system and ideas . On April 19 ,1775 , revolution erupted .In 1782 30 November, Britain and America sign the Paris peace treaty, 1783 September 3rd, Britain formally recognized American independence .Each American is subjected to two governments , that of his state and that of the Union , and each has its own distinct function . In America each state made a constitution of its own and in its own way .That is very different from us . Every state constitution divided political power among three element .Each state entrusted the executive power to a governor . Finally , Each state had a system of courts ,and the judges in the courts were not to be subject to the executive or the legislative authorities .From the beginning of American history to the present today , American literature has recorded the story of quest . At different times the quest taken the different forms . In the 16th century Europeans came to this new world in search of the lost constinent of Atlantis.They came looking for golden " cities of Cibola " that haunted Coronado's imagination . They searched for the fabled northwest Passage to the Orient . Cooper , Poe , Emerson , Melvile , Mark Twain and Henry James were very outstanding in the history of American literature .Most of American belief in Christian and Catholic. America is a multi-ethnic, many religious country. Christian and Catholic, orthodox Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism and other religious also have many followers. Religious belief in the citizens of the population accounted for about 91%.America has many idiomatical festival as like the thanksgiving and Christmas . The thanksgiving day is on the 4th Thursday in November . On this day , Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year and celebrate with dinners and happy reunions. Christmas season is the most festive time of the year in the United States. Students from grammar school through college have to two weeks' vocation .Many families go away for the holidays ,perhaps to ski in Colorado or to swim and sunbathe in Florida . People also decorate their house with christmas tree and red stars and color lights .They sing Christmas Carols,and sending Christmas cards .When I have learned this course ,I know that there is some reason for the rapid development of the Britain and the United States . The answers maybe are the democratic politics and good education . So ,if our we want our nation to be strong ,we have to built our politics and education .感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
英美文化概况结课论文
The Differences between the United States and China in Education “Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune.” Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, said. As we all know, education is necessary to ourselves and even our society. But people in different countries receive various educations because of diverse culture. Let us see the differences in education between America and China and the influence of different education on people.First, there is much distinction between those two countries in ideals of education. American asserts equality. She claims that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as they want so that American can produce a society of literacy and local control. She places emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learning. Students in America should learn to discover and create new approaches to understand what is already known. American students prefer to practice by themselves instead of listening to the teachers sitting in the classroom. However, students in China are taught to learn not creative thinking but basic skills. Chinese require that students should acquire knowledge as what teachers teach and what teaching materials tell. Chinese always instill into kids’minds a thought that what teachers and teaching materials say are definitely right so that Chinese students lack the critical thought since they are children. Thus, it becomes that American students possess great abilities though get low grades and Chinese students have low abilities while get high scores, as is known to all.Second, the atmospheres in the classroom show the divergence of the two countries’education. Chinese teachers are good at drawing conclusions from a question for students to make them have no question. But American teachers are efficient at enlightening students on a question and enable every student to put forward more new questions. A student in Chinese class has to put up his hand to be allowed to stand up by teachers to answer questions while in American class students are encouraged to speak freely. If a Chinese student disagree what his teacher say, he will suffer some criticisms; nevertheless, an American students will be awarded praise if he does that. We can find out that the Chinese class pays more attention to discipline and the United States focuses on human rights.Three, the ways to further education are entirely different in China and America. There is no annual college entrance examination. Applicants are chosen on the basis of four aspects: high school records, high school teachers’recommendations, the impression they make during interviews at the university, scores on Scholastic Aptitude Test. In an American soap opera called Gossip Girl, an actor called Dan, who wants to study in Yale and passed the SAT, struggles to get three recommendations from his high school teachers or famous writers. But every Chinese student knows that if they want to go to university they must pass the college entrance examination and if they hope to go to key colleges, they have to get higher scores. So the purpose of American education system is to make students find out their shortcomings and straighten them up and Chinese educational system is elimination.Four, students’ extra-curricular life in United States is more colorful than Chinese students’. There are many students’organizations----clubs and activities in the American school helping students become successful when pursuing hobbies. Inaddition, they often do some part-time jobs to make money, which may be for activities or other things. However, Chinese students don’t have so many activities and in their extra-curricular life they will spend most of time attending cram school or doing their homework. So, they are losing their hobbies gradually.In general, I think our government should make reformation on our educational system immediately. Not only should our grades be focused on, but also students’practical ability and creative thinking should be paid more attention. Thus, our country will be more thriving and prospering and we Chinese will be more happiness!。
美国社会与文化课程论文
American welfare systemI have seen the movie -The Pursuit of Happiness two years ago. To be honest, this move was really a big shock to me, and the strong power in Chris has been influencing me all the time. I believe that most of us who have seen the movie should remember the plot that the government took $600 from Chris Gardner´account and he only had $21.33 left, and he was broke again . During that time, he and his son spent a night in the WC, and lived in the church hospice for many days. The church hospice in the movie is a part of American welfare system .And in this essay I will talk something about the system.In the American vocabulary, "welfare" has often had a limited meaning, most commonly associated in public discourse with public assistance to mothers with dependent children. Y et government welfare can also be given a broader definition, as a general social safety net designed to support citizens in need. Under this definition, "welfare" refers to government protections for workers' incomes, which are often threatened by structural economic change under the free market system .In an economy in which workers rely on wages to support themselves.In the United States, then, government welfare has been a collection of different programs that includes unemployment insurance, health insurance, old age pensions, accident insurance, and support for families with dependent children.The American present welfare measures for import from 1935 of Social Security Act and its later improvement. And the American present social system includes: the federal social insurance, unemployment subsidy, public aid, pregnant women and children´s welfare and Social security tax.Federal social insurance is established for the inaugural personage, on-the-job or once worked for oneself and family members can attend. It mainly includes retirement, consolation, disable gold and medical benefits, etc. As to the unemployment subsidy, as long as one is unemployed, regardless of the savings they can apply for subsidy until they find another job.The public aid is designed for low or no income blind person, old people, disabled and no income family. According to their own living conditions, the state decide whether the applicants have qualifications to apply for .Pregnant women and children's welfare is to protect and promote the health of women and children, but it has not assigned cash, but provides health services. What is more, it also provides orphans education fees and cost of living.Therefore, US´s welfare systems are quite perfect. It contained generally the life aspects. It plays an important part in people’s lives. But such perfect welfare system also has the shortcoming, is only the money subsidies, for one person who has the house to live or not, is always regardless of. There is no doubt that such system has its institutional shortcomings. Such as aggravating financial burden, weakening people to alter their fate´s morale , improper using lots of money and fair questions.From my point of view, welfare institution´s purpose is to give people a better life. From American´s institution we can learn a lot which can apply to our country. And I hope people all over the world will live a better life with the improvement of the system of social welfare.。
英美社会与文化课英语作文
英美社会与文化课英语作文The United States and the United Kingdom, two of the most influential countries in the world, have long been known for their rich cultural heritage and diverse societies. As neighboring nations with a shared history and language, the two countries have developed distinct social and cultural identities that have significantly impacted the global landscape. In this essay, we will explore the intricacies of English and American society and culture, examining the similarities and differences that make these nations unique.One of the most striking aspects of both English and American society is the emphasis placed on individualism and personal freedom. In both countries, the notion of the individual as the fundamental unit of society is deeply ingrained, with a strong emphasis on personal rights, self-expression, and the pursuit of personal goals. This individualistic ethos has shaped the social and political landscapes of both nations, leading to the development of robust democratic institutions and a vibrant civil society.However, the expression of this individualism can take differentforms in the two countries. In the United Kingdom, the concept of the "stiff upper lip" and a more reserved, formal approach to social interactions are often seen as hallmarks of English culture. Britons are often perceived as more polite, reserved, and deferential to authority, with a strong sense of tradition and social hierarchy. In contrast, American society is often characterized by a more casual, outgoing, and egalitarian approach to social interactions, with a greater emphasis on informality and self-expression.These cultural differences are reflected in the educational systems of the two countries as well. The English education system is often seen as more rigorous and academically focused, with a strong emphasis on traditional academic subjects and a more structured, hierarchical approach to learning. In contrast, the American education system is often more diverse and flexible, with a greater emphasis on practical, hands-on learning and a more individualized approach to student development.Another key aspect of both English and American society is the role of religion and spirituality. In the United Kingdom, the Church of England, the official state church, has played a significant role in shaping the country's cultural and social landscape. While religious observance has declined in recent decades, the influence of the Anglican church can still be felt in many aspects of English life, from the architecture of historic cathedrals to the observance of religiousholidays.In the United States, the religious landscape is much more diverse, with a wide range of Christian denominations, as well as significant populations of adherents to other faiths, such as Judaism, Islam, and Hinduism. The separation of church and state enshrined in the US Constitution has led to a more pluralistic religious environment, where individuals are free to practice their faith without state interference.Despite these differences, both England and the United States share a deep appreciation for the arts and cultural expression. From the literary masterpieces of Shakespeare and Hemingway to the iconic works of art in the National Gallery and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the two countries have made invaluable contributions to the global cultural landscape.In the realm of popular culture, the influence of both nations is equally profound. The music, film, and television industries of the UK and the US have captivated audiences around the world, with iconic artists, actors, and directors shaping the cultural zeitgeist. From the Beatles to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, the cultural exchange between the two countries has been a two-way street, with each nation's creative output influencing and inspiring the other.Despite these shared cultural ties, there are also significant differences between English and American society that are worth exploring. One of the most notable is the role of government and the relationship between the individual and the state. In the United Kingdom, the monarchical system and the tradition of parliamentary democracy have led to a more centralized and hierarchical approach to governance, with a stronger emphasis on social welfare and collective responsibility.In contrast, the United States has a more decentralized, federalist system of government, with a stronger emphasis on individual rights and a more limited role for the federal government. This difference in political philosophy has shaped the social and economic landscapes of the two countries, leading to divergent approaches to issues such as healthcare, education, and social welfare.Another key difference between English and American society is the role of class and social stratification. In the UK, the legacy of the aristocratic system and the enduring influence of the upper classes have led to a more rigid social hierarchy, with a stronger emphasis on tradition, privilege, and social status. In the US, the notion of a classless society and the "American Dream" of social mobility have led to a more fluid and dynamic social structure, with a greater emphasis on individual achievement and entrepreneurship.Despite these differences, however, both England and the United States share a deep commitment to democratic values and a belief in the fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. From the Magna Carta to the US Constitution, the two countries have played a pivotal role in shaping the global discourse on human rights, civil liberties, and the rule of law.In conclusion, the societies and cultures of England and the United States are complex and multifaceted, shaped by a rich history, diverse populations, and a shared commitment to democratic ideals. While the two nations may differ in their specific cultural expressions and social structures, they are united by a common language, a deep appreciation for the arts and creativity, and a shared belief in the power of the individual to shape the world around them. As the world continues to evolve and change, the enduring influence of English and American society and culture will undoubtedly continue to shape the global landscape for generations to come.。
英美国家社会与文化论文
The British Educational SystemAs far as we know, there are pre-primary schools, primary schools, secondary schools and university or college. Pre-school education is available (often on a fee-paying basis) for children aged 2 to 4/5 through playgroups and nursery schools. And many of them are private. The emphasis of pre-primary schools is on group work, creative activity and guided play.Two systems of primary and secondary education in Britain: 1. State Schools: 11-year Compulsory Education (5-16), we can know that there is comprehensive school (84%), grammar school (3%) or secondary modern school (7%) from the state primary school. 2. Public schools/Independent schools: there is an only 7% public (independent) school from prep school.What are the main differences between the two? We can find four points. 1. School Funding. In state schools, state funding from central government; supplemented by local finance. And in public schools, funding from tuition fees; endowments or donations from society (esp. alumni to their ammeters). 2. Attendance. There are 93% in state schools, only 7% in the public schools. 3. Teaching Staff and Facilities. Public schools have better teaching staff & facilities. 4. Graduates. Students from the public schools are more promising, e.g. Eton College has educated 20 Prime Ministers, 6 Chancellors of Exchequers, etc.Compulsory education begins at 5 in England, Wales and Scotland and 4 in Northern Ireland. Pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools (co-educational or mixed schools). Infants schools have equal to the first schools (for 2 years from 5). Junior schools (for 4 years to 11). There’s little or no specialist subject teaching and great emphasis is on literacy and numeracy in early years.Compulsory education ends at age 16. At 16, students in England and Wales take GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) examinations involving a final exam, an assessment of work done during the two-year course, or both of these things. Then they can leave school and find a job. Other pupils who decide not to go to university may choose to take vocational training and get the GNVQ (GeneralNational V ocational Qualification).In my opinion, about the entrance procedures, in the third term of Year 12, students prepare their applications to university. Applications are then made in the first term of the Year 13 through one centralized organization known as UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service). Students can apply to a maximum of 6 universities/institutions. Admission-selection on basis of A level results & an interview.In teaching methods, we can see, the UK educational system encourages self-study, discussions and practical work. The students may have time-tabled classes or might be encouraged to do more of independent work for a substantial amount of time depending on the course.Most of the courses would include the following teaching methods: lectures, seminars, tutorials, independent workand coursework.There are two famous universities in Britain. They are the Cambridge and Oxford. Cambridge University was founded in 1209 by students fleeing from Oxford after one of the many episodes of violence between the university and the town of Oxford. Cambridge is one of the world’s great universities, and has the ability to transform lives. If you study here, you will experience that quality at first hand. Day to day, you will work with academic staff who are leaders in their fields, and who are also committed to see you succeed, and to help you develop your ideas, knowledge and understanding.Legend has it that Oxford University was founded by King Alfred in 872 to encourage education and establish schools throughout his territory. Like a grammar school, it was just a place for teaching Latin grammar at that time. The University actually began in the 12th century as gatherings of students around popular masters. The university consisted of people, not buildings. The buildings came later as a recognition of something that already existed. In a way, Oxford was never founded; it grew.Oxford is one of the greatest universities in the world. It has played a distinguished part in the history of our country and our continent, and has much to contribute to our success and our well-being as a civilized community in the future.The Boat Race between Oxford & Cambridge started June 10, 1829.The event is now a British national institution, and is televised live each year. The race has beenwon by Cambridge 79 times and Oxford 73 so far. The race is currently run over a four mile and 374 yard (6.8 km) stretch of the River Thames between Putney and Mortlake in London.Oxford wear dark blue and Cambridge light blue.In Chinese higher education, we can find five dilemmas. There is enrollment expansion, elite education vs mass education, intense competition in the job market, resources are straining and education quality is suffering.There are five defects of Chinese higher education. Defect 1: Blind Enrollment Expansion. Universities seem to have enrolled more than they can accommodate! Limited facilities & space, insufficient resources, shabby dorms (slum)…Expansion means a lot more! Fierce competition in the job market. Defect 2: Awkward Teaching Method. Teachers tend to spoon-feed their students who are in turn spoon-fed and force-fed!More trust, freedom, interactions and responsibilities for the students! Teachers should serve as advisors & assistants!Defect 3: Prescribed / Designated Textbooks. A lack of flexibility (few alternative choices), Outdated contents (keep pace with), The prescribed textbooks can be replaced by …Defect 4: Unreasonable Curriculum. Many outdated courses should be abolished! More utilitarian courses are welcome! (Computer Science, Business, Finance, Accounting and Law)One shouldn’t be confined to one’s specific field.Moral education is in urgent demand! (campus violence, suicide, theft, murder) Defect 5:Unfair Assessment System. Exam-oriented style! (Scores talk!)Students: exams of lottery(memory test / work overtime shortly before the test)How can we improve it? I will show my answer. It’s a time-consuming & systematic project.Never wait for the improvement! Get a move now! You and me are part of Chinese higher education! Try to make the best and most of the current situation! Stop complaining and try to make a difference from now on.。
英美文化赏识论文-英国和美国的文化比较
英美文化赏识论文-英国和美国的文化比较英国和美国的文化比较上了近十多周的“英美文化赏识”我的感触很深，这让我知道了以前从来都不知道的东西，如：教育，政策，习俗……这双方的差异很值得人们去思考，下面就让我简单地说一下英美文化的特点首先是政治：英国的实质就是君主立宪制，君主虽然予以保留，代表国家元首，但只在特定时期是在具有一定实权，并且权利不能超越宪法。
而美国是共和制中的总统责任制，总统拥有党政军大权，集政府首脑、国家元首于一身，但是受三权分立制约。
英国有着悠久的议会民主传统，实行君主立宪制，君主为国家元首，目前是伊莉莎白二世。
英国的立法机关，也就是议会，目前拥有两个议院。
下议院地位较重要，上议院主要是修订法律的机构。
行政机关由首相领导，英国现任首相为工党的托尼〃布莱尔。
通常，首相是在下议院拥有最多席位的政党领袖。
该政党其他主要成员与首相一起组成内阁，即主要的行政机构。
从严格意义上讲，英国并非是一个联邦制的国家，但现任政府最近在苏格兰及威尔士成立了地方分权机构，如设在爱丁堡的苏格兰议会及设在卡地夫的威尔士议会。
英国还试图成立北爱地方分权政府，但是由于各政党之间存在纷争，以至于被暂时搁臵下来。
英格兰和威尔士的立法、司法制度与苏格兰、北爱尔兰大不相同。
同样，苏格兰的法律与英格兰的法律也有不少的差异。
美国是联邦制国家，政权组织形式为总统制，实行三权分立与制衡相结合的政治制度和两党制的政党制度。
由此而进，美国现代自由主义与保守主义关于大、小政府之争的帷幕正式拉开。
美国的国家组织是依据三权分立与联邦制度、二大政治思想而制定，当初在起草宪法时因恐权力过分集中于个人或某一部门将危害人民的自由，因而将立法、司法，行政三种权力分别独立，互相制衡，以避免政府滥权，行政机关是以由人民直接选举的总统为最高行政首长，并以副总统辅之，下设几个行政部门。
政府的权力有联邦政府、州政府之分，宪法起草人根据政府必须接近百姓才不致剥夺人民自由的原则，将有关各州自治权保留给州政府，各州政府本身拥有立法、司法、行政诸权限，联邦政府的权力系以一州政府无法单独行使者为限，如课税、财政、国防、外交、货币银行、出入境管理、对外贸易、国民福利、邮政，以及科学艺术的发展援助等。
英美文化期末论文：英美间的文化差异(英文版)
The Difference between England andAmericaAbstract: the paper is to show the difference between American and English in several aspects, such as geographical location, cultural environment and the most important part, the language.Key words: Culture Environment,Education,food,Table MannerIntroductionThe paper deals with the The Difference between England and America.Culture is a complex, including knowledge and belief, art, morals, law, custom, and members of the society who acquired as any other capabilities and habits.1. Culture EnvironmentBritain is a traditional European country with long historical tradition continuity, and there had been a hierarchy in British society for a long time. And in UK there always has been a monarchy. So, the British likes to remember past times and old acquaintances, tends to be conservative, and behaves like a gentleman. All these need culture accumulation, and these character and qualities can’t be made if the country is without a long history. However, the U.S. is precisely without a very profound historical accumulation and is a young country. So, the Americans dare to innovate and stress emphasis on personal value. On the other hand, in the United States, there are not a lot of constrains. They feel free to make bold innovations.In addition, there is a great difference in the population composition of the two countries. The United States is a nation of immigrants, people comes from all countries and regions in the world. So, the culture of the United States shows different characteristics. People in American can accept and absorb all the culture factors all over the world. U.S. attitude toward foreign cultures is an open. However, comparing to the United States, the structure of the UK population appears to be simplex.2.Geographical LocationThe geographic location of the United Kingdom and the United States are different, one in European continent, one continent of the America. The United Kingdom, after a long period of development, has been very wealthy, so they are decent and conservative. But at the beginning of the United States, the United States is in a completely unfamiliar and barren continent, the first settlers were called pioneers, so they have to have the courage to take risks. If they do not have the spirit of adventure, they will not be able to survive, not to mention development, the hard environment eventually made the American spirit. In addition, the difference of European culture and American cultural contributes to the difference of the two countries. English suffers from the influence from other European countries, like France, Germany, but American was influenced by the culture of the other countries in American continent as well as the native Indian.3. EducationFrom the educational philosophy of the education system in the United States, there are the characteristics of diversity and openness, international and flexibility, which enable the U.S. Department of Education to ensure educational equity and equality of opportunity to receive education, and take full advantage of the strengths of educational objects, so education is the dynamic, vibrant in American. It also reflects what the Americans have been in pursuit, the freedom and equality. British education has a rigorous style of study and impeccable the education system. The UK has a strict quality control system, the teaching quality evaluation and the research Assessment from all the school in England are announced to the world, higher education institutions in the UK will be checked in a regular routine. This rigorous attitude is also reflected in the assessment of the student. Many students can’t get a degree if they fail in passing the assessment. Ethics and professionalism of Englishteachers ensure the quality of its education. British education also reflects British conservative and rigorous character.4.Traditional English food and confluent American foodBritish food, as we know, is very traditional. They don’t used to change their habit of food very frequently. Like other northern European cuisines, it majors heavily on meats, dairy products, wheat and root vegetables and a diet conductive to manual labor and red-faced citizens. The nineteenth century idea of a varied diet was one with different sorts of meat in it. Milk and vegetables were regarded as not only uneatable raw, but highly dangerous until boiled thoroughly. To a certain extent this is understandable, in an era without refrigeration, when typhoid and cholera could strike even the wealthy; over-cooking everything was probably a sensible course to take. People in English have a special eating habit. Firstly, the main meal in England seems to be eaten in the evening. Secondly, a big English breakfast is not something that many English people seem eat. Most of them have a light meal of cornflakes or toast and marmalade, orange juice and coffee rather than the eggs, sausages, bacon, bread, mushrooms and tomatoes. Fish has always been an important food in Britain. There are jellied eels, kippers or bloaters or crabs and so on. But the most popular of all is fish and chips, splashed with vinegar and eaten in the street out of a paper bag . British have a habit of drinking tea. “A nice cup of tea, the stronger the better”is supposed to be the British cure for all problems. Although many different drinks can be found in Britain, tea is undoubtedly the favorite at any time of the day and is the essential basis of afternoon tea. This is a meal that can vary from tea and a biscuit to the cooked high tea with lots of cakes served in the north. In the south west of England it is usually a cream tea, with home-made scones, strawberry jam and piles of thick clotted cream. People vary seldom have the thin cucumber sandwiches described in novels.American cuisine : The United States is a land of delicious eating. The two concepts essential to understanding US food are regionalism and diversity, accent on the latter.After all, Italian food differs from province to province and city to city as well. But key themes run through Italy’s food from south to north simply because its people have such strong roots in the Italian soil. Not so with the US. A nation of newcomers, its food reflects its origins. Long before Europeans set foot on American soil, vibrant and healthy civilizations nurtured themselves off the bounty of the land. They taught the settlers to plant the holy trinity of Native American cuisine—corn, beans and squash. The settlers returned the favor by nearly exterminating their benefactors, but those three foods played a vital in defining American cuisine. They retain their importance today across the continent—grits, cornbread in the South, tortillas and pinto beans in the Southwest, baked beans and succotash in the Northeast and pumpkin pie just about everywhere for Thanksgiving. American cuisine has come a long way since the early days of corn, beans and squash and along the way it has spawned some unforgettable food. Nonetheless the US remains a great place for great eating. Delicious regional styles remain a great place for great eating. Delicious regional styles remain and the new blood of immigrants sparks the imagination of the finest chefs while making for great inexpensive food in the cities. So come and get it.5. Table MannerAt table, the British people pays special attention to table manners, such as, they should not talk at table, should not beat tableware as well. They have a strict requirement on how to use knives and forks. While Americans on the relatively few occasions will do so, they like fast and convenient food, they do not require delicate or luxury dinner but they pay more attention to popular food. American favorite food is known as KFC, McDonald's and pizza hut, the junk food. This diet keeps the American obesity rate high. But from the diet habits, it is not difficult for us to find that the American do everything vigorously and resolutely and do not stick to the trifles.ConclusionIn a word, there are lots of different conventions in the British and the American’s culture. These conventions can be easy found in their daily life. They are all the symbols of the society development. They made us know a lot about the culture in the European countries. So if you have any interests on it, try to learn something about that and I’m sure we can benefit from it more . we can see that the British are sensitive, restrained, conservative, they tend to be rational rigorous and gentlemanly. By comparison, Americans are warm and cheerful, bold and frank. They are with a spirit of adventure and innovation.Reference[1]Brown, G. and G. Yule. Discourse Analysis[M]. London: Cambridge University Press, 1983.[2]Deng,Yanchang&Liu,Runqing. language and culture[M].Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 1989.[3]Hu,Wenzhong&C.H.Grove Encountering the Chinese[M]. Yarmouth: Intercutural Press, Inc 1991.[4Maryanne&Joann&Edward.American ways—An Introduction to American Culture[M]. Beijing: The World Books Publishing House , 2006.[5]Xu,Lisheng.Intercultural Communication in English[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press , 2004.[6]Yang,Min&Wang,Keqi&Wang, Hengzhang.An Outline of the Traditional Chinese Culture [M].Beijing: China Ocean University Publishing House, 2003.[7]Zhang , Ailin.Intercultural Communication[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Publishing House 2003.[8]高一虹.语言文化差异的认识与超越[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2000-2.[9]胡文仲.跨文化交际学概论[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999.[10]何毅.中西文化比较[M]. 北京：冶金工业出版社，2007-9.[11]简孙.中国结·美国梦: 中美文化差异趣谈[M]. 河南：河南人民出版社，2006.[12]李军.中西文化比较[M]. 北京：中国人民大学出版社，2010-1.[13]王易.中西文化比较概论[M]. 北京：航空工业出版社，1999-08.[14]杨海庆.中西文化差异及汉英语言文化比较[M]. 北京：知识产权出版社，2005.[15]张从益.文化语言学研究[M]. 陕西：西北工业大学出版社，2009.。
《英美社会与文化》课程论文
中南大学《英美社会与文化》课程论文题目：Views on the American Dream院（系）专业学生姓名成绩任课教师任秀2016年6月10日Views on the American Dream【Abstract】American dream is a common belief among many Americans. "All men are created equally, given to them by their creator some an inalienable rights, among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness ",more than two hundred years,It attracted more and more young people from all over the world, came to the United States to achieve their dreams and their own value,and a lot of stories seem to indicate that, as long as there iswisdom, there can be a success in American. At the beginning ,the American Dream just serve as pursuit of freedom, but when the time goes by, it followed the footsteps of times, enricheditselfconnotation.【Key Words】American Dream ; The pursuit of freedom; happiness; new;By looking at baidubakie,we can kown,there are broad sense and narrow sense about American Dream. The broad sense refers to the equality, freedom, democracy ,while the narrow sense is a kind of believe that as long as the American people work hard ,they will get a better life."Life is like a box of chocolate, you don't know which one will be selected." The person who watched Forrest Gump would be impressive about this sentence. This moive is a perfect interpretation of the American dream, Protagonist Agam is a men whose IQ is not high, but he insisted on running, joined the Vietnam War, witnessed the ping-pong diplomacy of China and the United States. Eventually, he became the embodiment of the American spirit,.There is no doubt that the film tell us a truth: if you work hard, you will succeed. When you watch American movies or American TV shows, this kind of thinking is always there.Nowadays, many people will say, American Dream has already become the chrysanthemums after the Double Ninth Festival. Many people dream of getting rich. and they abandoned their homeland or immigrant or study or illegal immigrants, after arduous, came to this piece of land and no such as they expected, that gold is everywhere. In fact, from the beginning, we have a misunderstanding of the American dream, America is not heaven.the American Dream isn’t the pursuit of material.President Obama gives the American dream a new meaning , on November 7, 2012 ,in his Victory Speech, he said:” But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America's future.We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers —a country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation —with all of the good jobs and new businesses that follow……America, I believe we can build on the progress we've made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunities and new security for the middle class. I believe we can keep the promise of our founding, the idea that if you're willing to work hard, it doesn't matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love . It doesn't matter whether you're black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, abled, disabled, gay or straight. You can make it here in America if you're willing to try.”Equality of results and equality of opportunity is different , equality of opportunity is the core of American dream.References：[1].刘植荣，解读美国梦[2].鲍玲玲, Interpretation of the American dream[3].深圳商报2008年6月12日奥巴马诠释“美国梦”[4].中国新闻网“美国梦”真的破碎了吗？[5].The President Obama’s victory speech: to the American dream forever[6]Time: the rise and fall of the "American dream"学期感想本学期的课就这样结束了，不说英语水平有没有提高？提高的多与少？上课的愉快氛围我还是很喜欢的，上课的方式也是很新颖的，同学们轮流上去授课，可以增加同学们的参与感，也能提升同学们的综合能力。
大学英语课堂英美文化教学[论文]
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浅析大学英语课堂的英美文化教学摘要：语言是文化的载体，学习语言的过程也是学习文化的过程。
文化教育是外语教学中的一个重要环节。
但在大学英语教学中教师往往强调学生的语言基础，而忽略了文化教育。
本文指出了存在于大学英语文化教学方面的一些问题，对改进大学英语的文化教学提出了一些建议。
一.前言时间进入了2013年，随着世界经济整体发展趋势的放缓，作为世界经济头号强国的美国更加成为了世人关注的焦点。
而在此次经济放缓的国家行列中，尽管也有中国的身影，但作为一个新兴的经济强国，中国与美国之间的联系已密不可分。
这一点在今年内两国间无论是合作还是分歧上都可以看出，两国间已经形成了你中有我，我中有你的关系。
因此，两国间的交流还将继续深化和加强。
对于在这个既有联合，也有争端的关系中，我们作为其中的参与者，需要对对方透彻地了解。
这不是一个短期的过程，也不只是能用对方的语言与其交流就能使彼此间的交流畅通无阻。
而大学英语教学，所面对的是经过高考应试教育洗礼的学生。
针对这群大学生的英语教学，既需要摆脱单纯的英语语言、单词或语法的学习，也不能一味追求过于高深甚至偏激的文化揭底。
因此，特别是在如今大学英语改革的潮流之中，作为大学英语课堂教学的组织者，必须认真贯彻素质教育的理念，以学生为中心，充分认识和执行教师在课堂教学中的引导作用，因材、因时和因地施教。
在此，本文从语言文化等方面入手，浅析跨文化交际在高中英语课堂中的影响和运用。
二. 文化冲突的背景改革开放30多年之后的中国，已经向外来事物敞开了足够宽的大门。
回首开放之初，但凡有金发碧眼的“老外”出现在街头必被国人围观。
到现如今，学校、公司、企业甚至家庭，都随处可见中外合作的情景。
中外的交流，已经不仅仅限于彼此都是匆匆过客的一瞥而过。
两种文化之间已经在这几十年中，产生了非比寻常的化学反应。
作为不同时期的english learner（英语学习者），最深的感触就是对于english speaker（母语是英语的人）以及英语这门语言本身的认识随着时代的步伐逐渐与时俱进。
英美文化毕业论文范文
英美文化毕业论文范文美国是由英国在北美大陆的殖民地发展而来的，因而美国文化与英国文化在许多方面基本一致。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英美文化毕业论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英美文化毕业论文范文篇1浅析英美文化差异对英美文学评论的影响摘要：文化是一个国家存在与发展的灵魂，它对一个国家的文学评论能够产生广泛的影响。
本文在分析英美文学的发展与英美文学评价的基础上，从英美两国文化发展载体的差异、文化内涵的差异、文化历史的差异这三个主要方面分析了文化差异对英美文学评论的影响，以期更深入地为大家学习、欣赏英美文学作品提供一些有益的参考。
关键词：文化差异英美文学文学评论文化伴随着人类历史的产生而产生，广泛而深刻影响着人类社会的历史生活，并在长期的历史发展中表现出了民族文化的差异性，促成了世界文化多元的发展。
在多元文化发展的这一社会大背景下，对于英美文学评论的影响因素很多，其中文化差异的因素对英美文学评论所产生的影响最为广泛和深远。
一、英美文学的发展与英美文学评论英美文学与英美文学评论是相伴产生的，英美文学作品是将英美文化艺术性地展现，而英美文学评论则是通过英美文学这一手段重新审视与剖析英美社会文化生活。
两者之间的联系是紧密的，也是必然的。
因而，探讨文化差异对英美文学的评论影响，有必要对英美文学的发展历史作出梳理。
1 、英美文学发展英美文学作品是英美两国人民智慧的结晶，同时也是英美文化的表现形式。
英美文学不单单是英美语言的艺术性体现，同时也是对英美人民现实生活的艺术性展现，是世界人民认识英美文化的一个窗口。
英语作为一种交流的工具，在英美文学作品中，被用来表达英美人的思想、情感。
英国的文学发展史可谓是源远流长，英国文学先后经历了盎格鲁·撒克逊阶段、文艺复兴阶段、新古典主义阶段、浪漫主义阶段、现实主义阶段以及现代主义阶段。
纵观英国文学的发展阶段，我们不难发现，其每一个阶段在文学成就上都具有独特的文学艺术魅力。
英美文化概况论文
What I've learnt in this courseName:*** Number:***If we want to grasp the essence of a language，we must know more about the culture it stands for. So, from my perspective,it's necessary for us English learners to learn something about the cultures in English speaking countries.Our group have given the lecture of "British Government System" and "The Forms of Government" , it had taken us much time and energy, but the effect was not very good. However, it helped me to know more about the politics of Britain and America.Politics of the United States takes place in the framework of a presidential, federal republic where the President of the United States , United States Congress, and judiciary share federal powers, and the federal government shares sovereignty with thestate governments. The federal government of the United States is the central United States governmental body, and has three branches: the legislative, executive, andjudicial. Each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, but they are also regulated by the other branches. What's more, the powers of the federal government are limited strictly by the Constitution.The United Kingdom is aunitary state governed by ademocratic constitutional monarchy. Its system of government has directly inspired the government of other countries. The constitution here is largely unwritten, being made up of constitutional conventions. Thehead of state and theoretical ultimate source of power in the UK is the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. In reality, the Queen has an essentially symbolic role, restricted in exercise of power by convention and public opinion. In practical terms, the political head of the country is the Prime Minister who must have the support of the House of Commons. In formal terms, the Crown in Parliament is sovereign.Besides, I've learnt something about the religion in these two countries.America is a highly religious country, and has a history of diversity, due in large part to the nation's multicultural demographic makeup. American religious institutions are large, powerful and influential in social and political life. Even Americans who are members of no established religion are likely to believe in God. In fact, the US is the only developed nation that religion plays a " very important " role in their lives. Generally, America is largely a Christian nation, consider 85% of Americans with a Christian connection, which including Protestant, Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox, Armenian and Polish National Catholics. Other religions such as Jewish, Buddhist, Muslim, Hindu even no religion all fits well here.The main religion in Britain of course is Christianity. However, Britain is a multi-faith society in which everyone has the right to religious freedom. Most people are usually very tolerant towards the faiths of others and those who have no religious beliefs. Like the United States, most of the world’s religions are also existed. There are large Hindu, Jewish, Muslim, and also smaller communities of Buddhists, Jains, as well as followers of new religious movements. However, the Britain people are notcrazy about it like the USA, and the relation between religion and state in those two country are also different.Separation of church and state is a key concept in American government and culture, well, this won't happen in UK.And I got to know that the media of the United States consist of several different types of communications media: television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and Internet-based Web sites. Although many of the media are controlled by large for-profit corporations who reap revenue fromadvertising, subscriptions, andsale of copyrighted material, Some people allege that the success of such companies may be due to certain policies of the American federal government, the media there always tends to be the best media around world . The U.S. Media today is frequently known as the Fourth Estate, and it plays a vital role as a guardian of U.S. A law which adopted in 1789, stipulating that Congress not enact any laws abridging freedom of the press.The media in the United Kingdom is large, complex and mature, arguably ranking second globally to that of the USA. Although none of the major global media conglomerates is based in the UK, a great number of media organisations, such as notably Reuters and the BBC, have international standing in their own right. Besides, NewsCorp, Bertelsmann and Time Warner also contribute significantly to the operations of global conglomerates. The media sector here is relatively open, with participants from many countries active in almost all aspects – newspapers, television, magazines, radio, film, books, advertising, music and public relations.The book is pretty good, but I have a suggestion to the author. Once I've heard the word that learn about the holidays of an area is the best way to learn its culture. So, why not put more details about the holidays in America and Britain into the book? Such as April Fools Day, Easter and Halloween, all these holidays are representative.The 30 lessons English course is about to over, and "Essentials of British and American Cultures" is a pretty fantastic course as the English teacher’s style just fits me very much. Having say that, I have met many good friends from the class. It makes my class more interesting and fun.I have learnt few new words and the structure of the sentences to express myself in your courses. Honestly, I cant remember how many teachers I have met for the past 2 years, but I believe I'll remember our young tutor Miss Xiao for a long time.。
英美文化选修课结课论文
中美文化的差异首先定义文化。
中国，作为一个拥有五千年历史的东方国家，其文化源远流长、博大精深。
中国的文化被赋予了极其特殊的东方色彩，形成了独具特色的一种文化。
美国，作为西方的一个资本主义大国，其文化具有极其特殊的西方主义色彩，吸引着世界各地的人去探索和了解。
生活在地球两面的两个国家，不论是在饮食还是在语言方面或是风俗习惯方面都有很大的不同，各具特色，使得世界文化更加的多样化。
两国文化是从什么时候开始的呢？中国是唯一拥有官方记录的历史的国家。
距今约4000多年前，以中原地区为中心开始出现聚落组织进而成国家和朝代，后历经多次演变和朝代更迭，众多民族融和而成为中华民族。
1949年中华人民共和国成立后，在中国大陆建立了人民代表大会制度的政体。
（加上照片上的英语文字）首先，中国与美国的节假日有很大的不同。
在中国，最大的节日就是正月初一的春节。
这一天的前一天晚上是除夕。
在除夕之前，我们会在门上贴上红色的对联，挂上红色的灯笼（红色在中国一向是代表喜庆的颜色）。
在除夕的晚上的五六点的时候，家家户户会在自己的门前放鞭炮和烟火，老人说是为了赶走年兽，后来演变成了一个习惯，主要是为了来年的平安吉祥，当然也是为了热闹和喜庆。
午夜十二点的时候，我们就会煮水饺吃，预示着新一年的开始，这一晚我们称为守岁。
初一的早晨我们会起的很早，吃过早饭后，同辈的人就会聚集到一块儿，去给长辈们拜年。
初一早晨是给同乡的人百年，以后的几天就是去给距离远的亲戚拜年。
过完了春节，就迎来了正月十五的元宵节。
在这一天我们会吃汤圆，会五彩斑斓的灯会，整整一条街，全是形态各异的灯，特别漂亮。
其实元宵节也算是年的一个收尾吧。
一般过了元宵节，该上班的上班了，该上学的就上学了。
接下来就是四月四号的清明节，这一天是专门为了祭祀逝去的人的。
然后就是五月初五端午节，这一天是为了纪念诗人屈原而设立的。
这一天我们会在门上挂艾草，会吃粽子。
接下来便是七月初七七夕节，这一天是牛郎与织女分离的日子（牛郎织女是中国古老的神话之一），相传如果这一天喜鹊会为他们搭桥，让他们见面。
美国社会与文化课终论文
众所周知（saying as is known to every one）,美国是当今世界上最大的移民国家（the united states is the world’s largest immigration country）。
从历史上来看（historically），美国一直被全球各地的人们视为一片“充满了机会的大陆”（the united states has been all over the world’s people as a “full of opportunity road”）。
在各个时期（in each time），这个世界每个角落的人们都满怀着憧憬和梦想（people all over the world is full of hopes and dreams），源源不断地来到这方神奇而又充满了希望的沃土（continue to come to this magical and full of hope of fertile land）。
这些他们所坚信的能够在美国找到的机遇（these challenges which they do believed），再加上来到美国大陆后自己的切身经历（plus their own life experiences after they come to the united states），就构成了美国社会传统价值观的主要来源（make up the major source of the traditional American values）。
一般而言（generally speaking），美国的传统价值观共包括六个方面（the traditional American values include six aspects），即：individual freedom, equality of opportunity, material wealth 和(and) self-reliance, competition, hard work.其中（in the traditional American values），前三个方面集中代表了世界各地的人们移民到美国的原因（in the first three aspects represent the reason people in all over the world to immigrated to the united states），亦即我们通常所讲的“美国之梦”所包含的主要内容（that is we often speak of “American dream” included）；而后三个方面则是为了实现这些梦想所应付出的代价（and the last three aspects are the costs of realize these dreams should pay）。
英美文化论文
英美文化论文第一篇：英美文化论文American RacismA popular saying is that America is a nation where people, with diligence and perseverance, can realize their dreams regardless of their religious beliefs, colors of skin and political convictions.However, others frown on this idea.This issue has given rise to a heated discussion.For my part,I’m all for the idea of disapproval.The reasons are mainly as follows:It is generally known that the United States of America is a nation of immigrants.People of different skin colors,religions and faiths creat the nation —America.And inevitably,religious conflict,racial discrimination and political struggle come along.The most prominent phenomenon is the racial discrimination.Nowadays,the racial discrimination in America remains quite serious.This social issue has been a long-standing problem.In the first place,there are so many roots of racial discrimination.Looking back in history, it began with the slave trade.Needless to say,it is so miserable and disastrous.Between 1650 and 1900, 10.24 million enslaved Africans arrived in the Americas.The transatlantic slave trade resulted in a vast and as yet still unknown loss of life for African captives both in and outside of America.Approximately 1.2 – 2.4 million Africans died during their transport to the New World.No scholars dispute the harm done to the enslaved people themselves.The African slave trade helped to shape a wide variety of societies from modern Argentina to Canada.These differed in their use of slaves, the harshness of the regime imposed on slaves, and the degree of mixing of the races that custom and law permitted.But none ofthese became as virulently racist--insisting on racial separation and a strict color bar--as the English North American colonies that became the United States.The institution of slavery was abolished through Civil War,a bloody second American revolution that cost at least 600,000 lives.Today,in the United States, although legal racial discrimination was cancelled,institutionalized racism remained intact.In addition, the United States parties which are based on different interests,1 formulate a series of related policies and harmed the interests of black people.The original U.S.Constitution permitted slavery and counted Black slaves as three-fifths of white persons in determining both Congressional representation and taxation, which were deeply rooted the racism in the very foundation of U.S.society.Unfortunately,to blacks,their performance provide discrimination discourse.In the black areas, the excessive crime happen at any moment.Worse still, Black also do the drug trade which undoubtedly violates the nation’s law.Politicians from both the Democratic and Republican Parties got the big calls “tough on crime,” embracing the so-called war on drugs, which tripled the prison population between 1980 and 1995.Two-thirds of those who entered the prison system during that period were Black, Latino or poor, and the vast majority of them were nonviolent drug offenders.Today, with the prison population swollen to more than 2 million, African Americans make up just 12 percent of the U.S.population and only 13 percent of drug users, yet account for 35 percent of drug arrests and 53 percent of drug convictions.Blacks are also 43 percent of those on death st year, the U.S.Bureau of Justice Statistics estimated that 30 percent of 12 year-old Black boys will spend time in jail in their lifetimes--far more than will attend college.And because manystates have laws denying present and former inmates the right to vote, an estimated 13 percent of all Black men--including one in every three in Alabama and Florida--have been disenfranchised.In light of racial discrimination,black people conducted a series of racial fights which was called the Civil Rights Movement.The most illustrious march is probably the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.It is best remembered for the glorious speech Martin Luther King, Jr.gave, in which the “I have a dream” part t urned into a national text and eclipsed the troubles the organizers had to bring to march forward.The process was long and tenuous,and many of these movements did not fully achieve their goals although,the efforts of these movements did lead to improvements in the legal rights of previously oppressed groups of people.The current status of racism in America are still in poor condition.While discrimination has decreased and old forms of segregation have been recalled,subtlepatterns of informal discrimination in housing,employment,education and virtually every social sphere still persists.Indeed,for many African Americans,discrimination,as of now,remains a central part of their experience in the United States.According to a report of American, the black’s inco me only accounted for the three-fourths of the white,and African-American family’s income was just one-tenth of the white family’s.Half of all black men in New York can’t find a job,while Black teenage unemployment stands at 37 percent nationwide.As Mr.Bus h said,”And this poverty has roots in generations of segregation and discrimination that has closed many doors of opportunity“.These statistics show a crisis among Black Americans that should be setting of alarm.Racism, notcriminal records, explains the high unemployment rate for Black men today.A recent Wall Street Journal report showed that in the city of Milwaukee, a white job applicant with a criminal record has a better chance of being called for an interview than a Black man with no criminal record.”The disadvantage carried by a young Black man applying for a job as a dishwasher or a driver is equivalent to forcing a white man to carry an 18-month prison record on his back,“ concluded reporter David Wessel.And only racism can explain these statistics: Segregation in public schools, which decreased continuously from the 1950s to the late 1980s, has now returned to levels not seen in three decades.Black infants are almost two-and-a-half times more likely than white infants to die before the age of one, a wider gap than in 1970.More than 200 years since slavery was written into the U.S.constitution, its racist legacy remains--and the words of abolitionist Frederick Douglass remain true: ”Without struggle, there can be no progress."In general,only a struggle that shakes the foundation of U.S.society can end racism.As is the always the case,the darkest hour comes before the dawn.A mixed-race man is president says much about the peaceful progress on race relations in America.I believe that the black people can have equal rights and are free to live, study and work as they wish in the future,and people can truly realize their dreams regardless of their religious beliefs, colors of skin and political convictions.第二篇：英美文化(二)带来交际中的尴尬一位50来岁的美国妇女在中国任教,有一位年的中国同事请她到自己家里来吃饭,一进门,女主人就把4岁的女儿介绍给客人。
英美文化毕业论文
英美文化毕业论文英美文化素养是大学生综合文化素养中不可或缺的一部分,英美影视是大学生了解英美文化的重要途径。
下面是店铺为大家整理的英美文化毕业论文，供大家参考。
英美文化毕业论文范文一：大学生英美文学素养研究一、英美文学教育与大学生智力素质培养文学教育是激发大学生阅读文学作品兴趣、培养大学生鉴赏文学作品能力、促进大学生道德品质提升的重要途径之一。
文学教育是不分国界的，无论古今中外，只要是能够给大学生带来智力拓展、审美提升、道德促进的优秀文学作品，都应该成为大学生素质培养中的良好素材。
其中，英美文学教育在大学生的智力素质培养中占有极为重要的分量，有助于提高大学生英语语言运用的能力，拓宽大学生日常生活观察的视野，以及训练大学生独立思维观念的形成。
首先，大学生通过接受英美文学教育，可以提高其英语语言运用的能力。
在掌握了英语语言基础之后，要提高大学生具有较强的英语听、说、读、写、译等多种英语语言运用能力，使其掌握丰富的英语文化背景知识，在英语语言学习上获得质的飞跃，那么，包含英美文学作品阅读与欣赏在内的英美文学教育无疑是促使大学生提高外语水平和技能的一个有效途径和必要阶段，其可以增进大学生对西方文化的充分了解，达到既能够通过英语语言(无论是口语还是文字的形式)与国外人士进行沟通交流的目的，也能够通过文学作品的生活描述感受异域的风土人情，进而开阔自己的视野，增强自己的见识，启迪自身的心智。
在课堂内外，大学生通过广泛阅读英美文学名著和其他文学作品，或者通过积极参与英美文学诗歌的朗诵、戏剧的表演，或者通过潜心编写英美文学故事等形式，能够有效突破和摆脱大学生英语课程教学时数的极大限制，促进大学生英语语言能力和综合人文素质的提高。
比如，按照教师的教学安排，大学生选读了英国小说《简•爱》，在阅读该篇小说的基础上，大学生可以通过分析和理解小说的主题要旨、主角的性格品质、人物的心理刻画、情节的演化设计、叙述的展开角度、特定的风情描写、独特的语言风格等等，驾驭和运用自己的英语语言能力，用心灵去感受小说《简•爱》所具有的经典神韵和无穷魅力。
美国社会与文化论文英文
美国社会与文化论文英文After the study of American society and culture, I have a deeper and better understanding of the traditional values of traditional values of the United States. In general, the United States traditional values ,includes six aspects, namely: individual freedom, equality of opportunity, material wealth and self-reliance, competition, hard work. Among them, the first three aspects concentrated represent the people from all over the world to . immigration reasons, that we often speak of "American dream" contains the main content; Then three aspects is to achieve these dreams should pay a price. For the United States people, individual freedom and self-reliance, equality of opportunity and competition, material wealth and hard work is the one-to-one. Before you want to realize a dream, it must pay back the c o s t. Individual freedom , It originated in the tradition of the liberty of individuality ancestors of the us pursuing religious freedom. Including independent motivation, independent choices, self-reliance, and respect for others, the liberty of individuality, respect the privacy and other aspects. America's idea of "not only refers to exempt from the physical constraints, and refers to the individual has the right to sign a contract; has the right to engage in any kind of common career; has the right to make a living to obtain useful knowledge, has the right to get married, a family and raising children and by your conscience, and a general dominate worship god always considered the right to liberty and equality to the pursuit of happiness of those essential privilegeSelf-reliance. every life down there is free, but to really enjoy free will have to rely on yourself. This kind of idea embodied inthe language is in the United States and talk to people, they rarely by showing off their family or social relationship to drive up; If you want to do so can only let others feel that you are a child, not his life forever can is a child.The equality of opportunity. Americans always willing to listen to the opinions of others, give other people opportunities;A person on the one hand made a mistake, and does not take away his good rights in other ways. Americans believe that before in nature, and everyone has the right to live, so long as has the strength, the ability, who can get natural, who can make a fortune when millionaire; In politics, they contend that everyone is equal before the ballot box, that is, everyone has the right to vote; In education by, bourgeois progressive thinker advocate everyone has the opportunity to by education, public schools every person can go to school; The playground, Americans have their standards, so long as has the sports ability and technology can attend competition; In a social situation, the American people like equal to them, also like to be others treat one another as equals, put on AIRS, superior performance for people do not take; In the officers and soldiers on the relationship between the United States people think, between officers and men should be equal, not a qualification to the soldiers commander, cannot treat authority when treasure staff use; In religion, Americans believe that everyone has the right to religious freedom, as long as it is protestants, don't the clergy any for intermediaries, can be interlinked with god. Competition. consciousness competition is eternal, is also a person to prove his position in society the means, but at the same time he may want to colleagues and cooperation. But please note, the American people understand "competition" and not the victory "self-centered", but by others understand andrecognition; In addition, Americans in order to clear understanding of the victory can only show the past, tomorrow there will be a more challenges, to be optimistic face challenges, to participate in the competition.Material wealth. American ancestors come from mostly in the poor, the pursuit of wealth and improve the quality of life for the vast majority of immigrant dream. Today Americans now for wealth far beyond the understanding of their ancestors, time, health, and the power, and the information, etc, are beyond the value of paper money, money become a representative symbol. In short, in the American people, a personshould have the pursue, this is your personal motivation.Hard work. Most Americans would "work, progressive" as yourself for wealth and keep wealth. In the big us store, a "DIY" goods the most popular. Many people in the United States has to work, as a kind of the pleasure of life. Before in the competition, and only professional and keep making progress, to maintain our unbeaten in the competition. Here are some subclasses can help group we understand I mentioned the United States in front of traditional values.1, American business emphasizes the "free market", this and the United States has been since the beginning of the liberal values are closely linked.American value system is and economic reform related. Precisely, and "free market" produce relates in together, the free market in American life is the root of all kinds of basic contradiction: economic efficiency for service, political equality for services, cultural for self realization of the three standards service form the American society of three kinds of the most important restrict each other values.A century and a half since, these three different value orientation always happens between tension and conflict.2, the American public education in order to realize the equality of opportunity, the social mobility of social and economic justice aspects of equality as a goal.American education, self-reliance and responsibility spirit, is the starting point of the education for their children. Let the child learn to independenceThe moral education that the President of the United States in the establishment of a democratic country will up quite important role. Development education to help my fellow citizens aware of their moral responsibility, this no matter to guarantee the safety of their fellow citizens, or to establish a state of the normal order, is very necessary. Religion, morality and knowledge to the government are needed, they can human welfare services, and schools and legislative institution is should rely on the support of the country.3. The United States and the separation of isn't unique, because all European countries for religious freedom of the constitution provides a guarantee. The mainstream American religious really is unique because of the existence of free church. The world's religious freedom will soon from the belief systems, to fully liberalism, and in the United States, free the secularization of sectarian very slowly, of which a large degree is the liberalization of religion and a series of the compulsory religious worship combine together.4. The Americans to a person in the family background, parents position have little interest in this kind of thing, because a man can succeed in life, parents' name is not much help, and no one bought this bill.The son of a President can still to wipe the car, could come out on top in the individual's struggle to get. For example in the school, the students to get scholarships or other encouragement, premise condition is to strive to academic performance than the other students. University teachers promotion, pay conditions, except I writings, but must see the students to his teaching job evaluation. At the end of each learn, all the students have to fill out an to teacher teaching evaluation table, and the content includes: the teachers teach how ability; After school counseling if adequate; This professional knowledge is proficient in and so on. The result of the comparison to the school. Therefore, one who promotion salary isn't at school who long depends on the length of the time, but look at the above conditions. In this kind of environment, teachers' performance means and colleague's compare, also is a kind of competition. The small company staff, even if is a typing or filing documents of, also want to try to do better than colleagues well, you have hope a promotion or a raise.These reflect the United States six big traditional values, and the influence of American life.The last time we saw a movie called cold mountain, from the movie, inside tell him about the American civil war, black for their rights, fight for individual liberty. After the war the political positionof blacks have improved, participating in the number increases ceaselessly.The black economy may be improving. The life of the Negro than ever with improved, in law won and white equal rights, but as it is just a little bit a little bit better than before the war. Inman fled from the war on the way home, I met many difficulties, hunger, the temptation to pursue the defector the army, but hewas overcome these difficulties return to the home, it is also a kind of self-reliance. But in the film's most major or speak to individual freedom, one of the traditional values. Personal freedom is always Americans have been constantly seeking to realize the rights.Americans have been in constant innovation, but in the United States in the development of the traditional values plays a big part, the conventional stuff also is not necessarily bad, as long as reasonable use, not only will it not hinder it will promote development. American society and culture this course let I to the United States had a deeper understanding, although English level is not much, but something to me very pretty good.。
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British generally don’t show their own inner world to others and this feature is very evident in the upper classes of society. It is difficult to know a reserved person: he never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without ever knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are. English people tend to be like that.
X X X X大学外国语学院
“英美社会与文化”课程论文(3学分)
论文题目：The English Character and Implic来自tions姓名：xxx
班级：2013级英语双专业1班
学号:：20120548
日期：2013-11-9
The English Character and Implications
2.2The modestyperson
Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their hearts, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty.Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred.Britainhas the world’s oldest modern public management system, excellent in centuries of fashion accumulation, the achievement of gentle gentlemen.
Due to the geography, history, culture and other reasons, every nation in the world formed their character that different form other nations.Britainis no expected. After several years’ social change, they formed their own unique way of thinking and behavior and formed their unique qualities and characteristics. To sum up, the British characteristics are the following areas.
Key words: English character; reason; implication
1.Introduction
The meaning of character is all the qualities and features that make a person, groups of people, and places different from others.Characters,on the one hand, play an important role in our daily life. Andon the other hand, exhibit some kind of change---of attitude, of purpose, of behavior.
WANG Xxx ( HOU Jie)
Abstract: This term paper is to have a brief study ofBritish characters and implications.In this paper, the author firstly introduces something about character, for example the meaning of character and the factors affect character. Secondly talks about the British character. As far as I am concerned, there are four main British characters. Then illustrates the reason why British could form this kind of characters. This part mainly explains form the history and geography. And pointout the implications of this study. Finally, the paper will give a conclusion.I really learn lots of previously unknown knowledge about foreigners’ characters through this paper.
2.3The humor person
The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting-point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit.Its ideal in the ability to laugh at oneself, at one’s own faults, one’s own failures and embarrassment, even at one’s own ideals.” He has no sense of humor “is very commonly heard inBritain, where humor is so highly prized. A sense of humor is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious. The English do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, a tragedy or an honorable failure.
2. The English Character
2.1 The reserved person
To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is reserved. A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, dose not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.Most of the British have feelings do not expose the cold and silent character.
The English national character is dualistic: One aspect is conservative, the other extroverted. The pub is a fine example of the conservative aspect of English character. The pub, unlike the bar in theU.S., is a focal point for the "locals." One goes to the pub for the same reasons one used to go to church: for fellowship and spiritual enlightenment. There is nothing flashy or plastic about most pubs. Many look like one's living room, full of plush, soft chairs, couches, a fireplace, and bright lights. The pubs keep respectable hours, too-open from10A.M. to 2 P.M. and 5 P.M. to 10 P.M.; Friday and Saturday nights they stay open until 11 P.M. There are no all-night or3 A.M. public bars. When the pubs close everyone goes home. The pub represents pleasure with control and in good taste.