非谓语动词英语语法笔记
初中英语语法非谓语动词总结
初中英语语法 非谓语动词总结非谓语动词主要包括不定式、非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语、宾语、宾语宾语补足语、补足语、定语、定语、定语、状语、状语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
义。
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止禁止)here .这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much .你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体) (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting .爬山很有趣。
(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring .在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验) (3)不定式做主语,一般用it 当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither .--次做两件事等于未做。
次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
英语语法非谓语动词搭配必背笔记
英语语法非谓语动词搭配必背笔记一、动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由to加动词原形构成。
它可以在句中担任名词、形容词或副词的作用。
1. 作主语To learn English well requires patience and perseverance.2. 作宾语He promised to help me with my homework.3. 作宾语补足语I want to become a doctor when I grow up.4. 作状语She went to the library to borrow some books.5. 作定语She is the first person to arrive at the party.二、动词动名词(Gerund)动词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词原形加ing构成。
它可以在句中担任名词、形容词或副词的作用。
1. 作主语Swimming is my favorite sport.2. 作宾语I enjoy painting in my free time.3. 作宾语补足语She kept her promise of helping the poor.4. 作状语He left without saying goodbye.5. 作定语The running water sounds very soothing.三、现在分词(Present Participle)现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词原形加ing构成。
它可以在句中担任形容词或副词的作用。
1. 作定语The crying baby woke up everyone in the house.2. 作状语She entered the room, singing a beautiful song.四、过去分词(Past Participle)过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词的过去分词形式构成。
非谓语动词归纳笔记
非谓语动词归纳笔记非谓语动词是英语中常见的一种动词形式,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
非谓语动词分为不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的形式之一。
它的基本形式是由to+动词原形构成,如to eat、to drink等。
不定式可以用来作主语,例如“To learn a foreign language is beneficial.”(学习一门外语是有益的。
)此外,不定式还可以用作宾语,例如“I want to go to the park.”(我想去公园。
)此外,不定式还可以用来作定语,例如“I have a book to read.”(我有本书要读。
)不定式也可以用来表示目的、原因、结果等,例如“He went to the store to buy some groceries.”(他去商店买了些杂货。
)动名词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,例如eating、drinking等。
动名词可以用来作主语、宾语和表语。
作主语时,动名词常常表示一种习惯、意愿或一般性的情况,例如“Reading books is my hobby.”(读书是我的爱好。
)动名词还可以用来作宾语,例如“Ienjoy swimming in the pool.”(我喜欢在游泳池里游泳。
)作表语时,动名词常常表示一种状态,例如“My favorite activity is hiking.”(我最喜欢的活动是徒步旅行。
)分词是非谓语动词中最复杂的形式之一。
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式,例如running、singing等。
过去分词是动词的第三人称单数和过去式形式,例如eaten、drunk等。
分词可以用来作定语和状语。
作定语时,分词通常修饰名词,例如“The broken window needs to be fixed.”(这个破窗户需要修理。
)作状语时,分词可以表示时间、原因、条件等,例如“I watched a movie,feeling relaxed.”(我看电影时感到很放松。
英语语法之非谓语动词用法
英语语法之非谓语动词用法一、解析非谓动词作主语1. 不定式作主语。
如:To say is easier than to do.解析:用不定式作主语时,常表示一次性的、具体的、特指的动作,并且用it作形式主语而将其后置。
如上例可改为:It is easier to say than to do.2. 动名词作主语。
如:Walking after supper is good for both young and old.解析:若表示抽象的、习惯性的动作时常用动名词。
二、解析非谓语动词作表语1. 不定式作表语。
如:What I can do is to give you some reasonable advice.The library books are not allowed to be taken away.解析:不定式作表语时,其后接动词(词组)主动式或被动式,与其最近的动词采用原形。
2. 动名词作表语。
如:His job is teaching.The most famous writings in the world are worth reading.解析:动名词作表语时,表语既具有动词特征又具有名词性,甚至有时表语和主语可以互换。
如上例可改为:Teaching is his job.3. 分词作表语。
如:The film is interesting, and my sister gets interested in it.解析:现在分词作表语,表示主语所具有的特征,表语与主语之间是主动关系,并且常以物作主语,译为“某物怎么样”;过去分词作表语,表示主语所处的心理状态,主语和表语之间存在被动关系,并且常以人作主语,译为“某人感到怎么样”。
具有这一用法的有:surprise, interest, touch, move, puzzle, excite, tire, please, disappoint, satisfy, encourage等三、解析非谓语动词作宾语1. 不定式作宾语。
(完整版)非谓语动词考点总结归纳
Tom is sure of passing the exam. ( Tom 对自己通过考试很有把握 .)
考点三:非谓语动词作表语 不定式、动名词、分词做表语:
1. 不定式做表语常表示谓语动词所表示动作之后发生的动作。不定式一般紧跟在系动词如
: be, seem, remain,
appear 等后面 , 用来说明主语的内容。这类结构中的主语一般为名词,如:
We met many guests ,most of them Americans.( 补充说明 )
非谓语动词考点总结归纳
非谓语动词包括 不定式,动名词和分词 。它们是高中所学的基础语法,也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是 高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:
①具有句子结构的知识,会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知o melt.
2) 当 begin 和 start 用于进行时时 .
eg: He is beginning to study English.
3) 当 begin 和 start 后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时 . eg: I began to believe his story.
2.分词 解题诀窍:找逻辑主语,辨逻辑关系,析动作先后
语法作用:
1)表示时间,相当于表示时间,相当于状语从句
when, while 。常用于连词 When, before, while, after,
since 等后面。也可以省略连词
eg. When allowed, we are supposed to come into the room.
初中英语语法知识复习集之非谓语动词
非谓语动词定义在句中不充当谓语的动词,叫做非谓语动词三种形式to do 要做去做还未做(plan/decide/...)doing 做过常做正在做(regret/like/busy)done 完成或者被动(finished/fallen leaves/falling leaves)注意:1.其他的动词形式均是谓语动词,如do,does,did,have/has done等;2.中考英语中必考的时态题、祈使句其实就是考察为谓语动词形式。
九个+doing:“饿狼厕所门口放炮却不死”E L C S M K F P B Sdoing E: enjoy 喜欢做某事L: look forward to 期盼做某事C: can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事M: mind 介意做某事K: keep 坚持做某事F: finish 完成做某事P: practise 练习做某事B: busy/worth 忙于/值得做某事S: spend 花费做某事九个+to do:“土豆片胖娃娃哦”to do T:tell 告诉D:decide 决定P:promise 承诺,允诺P:plan 计划Wa:would like,ask 想要,请求Wa:want,allow 想要,允许O:offer 主动提供,提出接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的动词like to do sth./like doing sth. 喜欢做某事love to do sth./love doing sth. 喜欢做某事hate to do sth./hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事begin to do sth./begin doing sth. 开始做某事start to do sth./start doing sth. 开始做某事continue to do sth./continue doing sth. 继续做某事接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的动词to do 表示“未发生”doing 表示“已发生”forget 忘记要做某事忘记做过某事remember 记得要去做某事记得做过某事stop 停下一切去做某事停止正在做的事regret 遗憾未做某事后悔做了某事try 尽力做某事尝试做某事mean 打算做某事意味着做某事can't help 不能帮助做某事情不自禁做某事go on 做完某事后接着做另一件事继续做同一件事动词不定式省略to的三种情况1.使役动词使/让某人做某事使/让某人....make make sb do sth make sb+ adjlet let sb do sth let sb +adj2.感官实义动词doing 表示“正发生;反复的动作”do表示“经常发生;动作全过程”see 看见某人正在做某事看见某人经常做某事/全过程watch 看见某人正在做某事看见某人经常做某事/全过程hear 听见某人正在做某事听见某人经常做某事/全过程notice 注意到某人正在做某事听见某人经常做某事/全过程3.had better(not)do sth最好做某事/would rather(not)do sth宁愿做某事4.help to (do) sth注意:在用于被动语态时,to要还原She is made to our monitor.动词不定式to do 的用法①作主语It’s nice to hear from you.②作宾语I forgot to lock the door.③作宾补He ordered her to leave at once.④作表语My job is to pick up letters.⑤作定语He is always the first one to get there.⑥作状语常常翻译成“为了...”。
英语高考非谓语动词重点语法
英语高考非谓语动词重点语法英语高考非谓语动词重点语法非谓语动词属于英语语法的三座大山之一,无论在考试中还是平常的英语阅读中所起的作用都举足轻重。
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非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式根据发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
详细如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里,她始终在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在将来,一般人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的形式(以动词do为例)2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用动词不定式1用作主语:(1)常用it作形式主语:e.g. To learn a foreign language well is not easy.It(形式主语)is not easy to learn a foreign language well.(真正主语)(2)不定式的逻辑主语有两种情况(用for sb.或of sb.):It is + adj. +for sb. + to do(强调to do 的动作)It is + adj. +of sb. + to do(强调sb.的品质特征)e.g. It is kind of you to help me in time.It is hard for you to help me in time.e.g. He managed to send his son to study abroad, although he was not rich.(2)常用it作形式宾语e.g. Do you think it necessary to go there?3用作表语:(1)一般说来,不定式做表语,相当于名词,说明主语的内容e.g. My job is to drive the car.All she would do was to go home.(2)不定式作表语,要求保持句子的平衡,即主语为不定式,表语也必须用不定式e.g. To see is to believe.4用作宾补:e.g. I warned the boy not to be late again.(1)感官动词hearseenoticeobserve + sb + do(省略to的不定式)表示经常地、习惯的动作或全过程watchlisten tolook at(2)使役动词havemake + sb./ sth. +do (省略to的不定式)lete.g. I noticed her enter the office.We heard him sing every day.注意:在被动语态中to必须还原。
高中英语知识点归纳语法非谓语动词的形式与用法
高中英语知识点归纳语法非谓语动词的形式与用法高中英语知识点归纳:语法非谓语动词的形式与用法1. 非谓语动词的定义非谓语动词是指不具备人称、数和时态变化的动词形式,它可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
在英语中,非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。
2. 不定式的形式与用法不定式一般由“to + 动词原形”构成,常用于以下几种情况:(1)作为动词的宾语:- She wants to go shopping this afternoon.- He needs to finish his homework before going out.(2)作为动词的主语:- To study hard is important for your future.- To speak fluent English requires practice.(3)用于形容词后面作定语:- She is happy to help others.- It's difficult to learn a new language.(4)与一些动词连用构成特定搭配:- He agreed to help us with the project.- She decided to take a break and relax.3. 动名词的形式与用法动名词是动词-ing形式,可以作为名词使用,常用于以下几种情况:(1)作为动词的宾语:- I enjoy swimming in the pool.- He doesn't mind waiting for a few minutes.(2)作为动词的主语:- Swimming is a good form of exercise.- Singing in the choir brings her joy.(3)用于介词后面作宾语:- Are you interested in learning a musical instrument?- She is good at playing tennis.(4)与一些动词连用构成特定搭配:- I suggest taking a break and getting some rest.- He admitted stealing the money.4. 分词的形式与用法分词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式,常用于以下几种情况:(1)作为动词的宾语补足语:- She heard him singing in the shower.- I saw a man injured in the car accident.(2)作为形容词修饰名词:- The running water is cold.- The broken glass needs to be cleaned up.(3)表示原因、结果等状语:- Being tired, she decided to go to bed early.- Hailed as a hero, he received a medal.(4)作为时间、条件等状语:- Walking along the beach, they enjoyed the sunset.- Given the opportunity, I would love to travel around the world.5. 非谓语动词的时态与语态非谓语动词不具备人称和数的变化,只有时态和语态的变化。
全)英语语法--非谓语动词
英语语法――非谓语动词第一部分:动词-ing形式(现在分词和动名词)1.动词-ing形式的构成:动词-ing形式是由动词原形词尾加-ing构成。
动词-ing形式同样有时态和语态变化,通常有下表几种Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址,我只好在家里等着。
His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。
2。
动词-ing形式的一般式和完成式:一般式(doing)表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作,特别要注意对同时性的理解;完成式(having done)表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如:eg. Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
3. 动词-ing形式的被动式:动词-ing形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing动作的承受者。
根据V-ing动作发生的时间,V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如:eg. The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。
高中英语语法 ―― 非谓语动词讲解
高中英语语法――非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.动词ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如:________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为,用动名词作主语,选 Bb. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s useless doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。
(完整版)高中英语语法知识点详解:非谓语动词用法
高中英语语法知识点详解:非谓语动词用法非谓语动词指的是在句中不能单独作谓语,但保留动词的某些特征(如有自己的宾语或状语等)的动词形式。
非谓语动词包括:动词不定式、动名词形式、和分词形式三类.注意:非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但却有时态和语态的变化,在句中可以作除谓语之外的各种成分.I 不定式两种形式:一种是带to的不定式;一种是不带to的不定式。
不定式的构成形式1.不定式的一般式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生,动作通常时间性不强。
To talk with him is a great pleasure.和他谈话是一件愉快的事。
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.我们的计划是在两周内完成这项工作.2.不定式的进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行。
The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in。
老师进来时,孩子们假装在大声朗读。
I happened to be watching TV when she called.她打电话来时,我恰巧正在看电视。
3.不定式的完成式:不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,强调动作的先后顺序。
I am very sorry to have troubled you with so much questions.问了你很多问题,打扰你了。
She is said to have studied abroad last year。
据说去年他在国外学习过.4.不定式的完成进行式:表示不定式的动作在谓语动词的动作的时间之前,一直在进行。
They suspected us to have been quarreling。
他们怀疑我们刚刚吵过架.We are glad to have been working with you。
高中英语新高考-语法:专题(提升篇)——非谓语动词(修订版)
目的状语:1. Time should be made full use of to study (study).2. He opened his mouth as if to say (say) something.结果状语:3. She went hurriedly (hurry) to the station, only to find (find) her flight high up in the sky.不定式还可以做原因状语等,由于考试不涉及这块,我们略去。
三、不定式的时态只有不定式做宾语和补语时才有时态的一说To doTo be doingTo have done做补语是这样的:请体会下面几个句子的含义Believe/ report / claim sb. to have doneThe radio reported Liuxiang to have retired. (已经退役)I believe all of you to make great progress a month later. (将要取得进步)I believe all of you to be making progress every day.(正在进步)练习:1. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing…but we seem _____ the art of communicating face- to- face.6. Bill is considered to have invented (invent) the first telephone.四、不定式作定语The bridge to be built next month 将要The bridge being built now正在The bridge completed last month已经完成公式:Sth. will be done =sth. to be doneSth.will do …= sth. to doA program will be carried out in my hometown. It pleases all the people.A program to be carried out …pleases …公式二:(be)adj. to doThe thing is easy to do.I think the new Ipad is comfortable to feel.还要注意两个: The first to do (序数词后只能用to do);某些名词后:Be able to doHis ability to communicate with others动名词:S/O动名词本质上还是名词,而名词的两大功能:主语,宾语或表语,动名词也就这两大功能了。
英语语法非谓语动词
非谓语动词一、不定式1.不定式的用法(1)作主语不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语。
To be without some of the things you want is an indispensable part of happiness.有些东西你想要而没有,这是幸福不可缺少的一部分。
Isn’t it a pleasure to review what one has learned from time to time?学而时习之,不亦说乎?(2)作宾语英语动词大部分即可用动名词作宾语,也可以动词不定式作宾语。
Every man desires to live long ;but no man would be old.每一个都想长寿,但没有人想做老人。
Some people pretended to despise the things they cannot have.吃不到葡萄说葡萄酸。
注:a. 动词+疑问词+to do,相当于一个省略的宾语从句。
The students were discussing how to make their mothers happy.Can you tell me where to get to the nearest toilet.b.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语。
I always make it rule never to criticize or attack the government of my own country.I promised it never to beat your again.(3)作补足语Television enables you to be entertained in your home by people you wouldn’t have in your home.有了电视,你就不必让你不喜欢的人到你家里来,但可以享受他提供的娱乐。
初中英语语法非谓语动词
作定语:1,前置定语表示已经完成
2,后置定语表示被动
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Looking at a crowded street Listening to my own heart beat So many people all around the world Tell me where do I find someone like you girl Take me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your hand before I’m old Show me what love is - haven’t got a clue Show me that wonders can be true They say nothing lasts forever We’re only here today Love is now or never Bring me far away Take me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your hand and hold me Show me what love is - be my guiding star It’s easy take me to your heart Standing on a mountain high Looking at the moon through a clear blue sky I should go and see some friends But they don’t really comprehend Don’t need too much talking without saying anything All I need is someone 精w品hoPPTmakes me wanna sing
高中英语语法总结非谓语动词
非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)不定式一、不定式的作用1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
如:It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较:It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。
如:I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
3、英语语法学习笔记-非谓语动词
非谓语动词谓语动词的另一个称谓叫限定性动词(finite verbs),与之相对的非限定性动词(non-finite verbs)不受到主语、人称限制、限定的动词,此类动词失去表达时间和人称的能力。
这样的动词就是非谓语动词。
谓语动词是句子的核心,非谓语动词职能出现在非核心的内容中。
1、动词不定式(infinitive)不定式是指不受人称、时间的限制,通常为to+动词原形。
如:To be or not to be,that is the question.此类句子被称为完全不定式(full infinitive )但是有时to也会被省略,如:You helped me (to) cook the carrot.此类句子被称为裸不定式(bare infinitive)谓语动词只能作为核心成分,非谓语动词可以做其他成分。
(1)动词不定式做主语To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.划线部分即为句子的主语,如果用it作为形式主语来代替主语,而将主语“To eat a carrot every day”放在谓语动词之后,It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot everyday.(it is + adj+for sb+to do sth.)这句话也是带形式主语。
(2)动词不定式做宾语The rabbit likes to eat carrots.注意有的动词后面不能接作为宾语的动词不定式。
I consider(复杂及物动词)the rabbit smart.用it作为形式宾语,I consider it important to eat a carrot everyday.(3)动词不定式作为宾语补足语The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot.see、find、watch、have、make、left这类使役动词用不定式作宾语时,必须省略to,如:Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.其他谓语动词接不定式作为宾语补足语时,是否省略to都是正确的表达。
高考英语语法复习---非谓语动词3
高考英语语法复习---非谓语动词基本知识:定义:具有动词的特点,但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用,充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用,即:除谓语以外一切成分。
形式:动名词→相当于名词不定式→相当于名词、形容词、副词分词→相当于形容词、副词应该注意的地方:1.非谓语动词的否定:not 放在非谓语动词前2.非谓语动词的时态:一般时→表示一般性的动作进行时→表示正在发生的动作完成时→表示的动作发生在谓语动词前动名词的时态:doing / having done不定式的时态:to do / to be doing / to have done现在分词的时态:doing / having done3.非谓语动词的语态:主动被动动名词:being done / having been done不定式:to be done / to have been done现在分词:being done / having been done★过去分词只有一种形式. 本身表示完成和被动。
(1)非谓语动词作主语:Eg: Playing fire is very dangerous. →It is very dangerous to play fire.To give you a hand is my pleasure. →It is my pleasure to give you a hand. it 可以作形式主语(2)非谓语动词作表语:Eg: My job is teaching English.He is teaching English.My purpose is to give you a big surprise.The house is burnt down.Teaching English is my job.(3)非谓语动词作宾语:Eg: I want to become a doctor.He enjoyed living in the countryside.★只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语:mind, miss, excuse, enjoy, escape consider, admit, advise, appreciate, enjoy, avoid, finish, practise, suggest, delay, imagine, quit, resist,risk, stand, bear …be used to, look forward to, stick to, lead to,object to, pay attention to, see to, set about,get down to, feel like, be devoted to…★只能跟不定式作宾语的动词:refuse, demand, hope, agree(4)非谓语动词作定语:Eg:the waiting room/ the waiting carthe students attending the meetingthe people invited to the partythe last one to arrivethe letter to be postedthe posted letter动名词表示所修饰名词的功能和用途现在分词和所修饰名词之间是主动关系过去分词和所修饰名词之间是被动关系,表动作完成不定式表示一个尚未发生的动作(5)非谓语动词作补语:Eg: I want you to help me.He rushed away, leaving me standing here shocked.I tried to make myself understood.With so much work to do, I dear not waste any minute.不定式表示尚未发生的动作现在分词表示和宾语之间是主动关系过去分词表示和宾语之间是被动关系(6)非谓语动词作状语:Eg: I got up early to catch the bus.Living in the village, he enjoyed the fresh air.Praised by the teacher, he was proud of his progress made in study. 不定式表示目的或者是出乎意料的结果现在分词表示和句子的主语之间是主动关系过去分词表示和句子的主语之间是被动关系分词作状语,可以表示原因,伴随,方式等等(7)动名词的复合结构:Eg: Do you mind my/me opening the door?Can you imagine his/him becoming a star?The mistake led to our/us ending up in failure.★动名词的复合结构,表示的是动名词动作的发出者即:它的逻辑主语。
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非谓语动词英语语法笔记
1、非谓语动词:是一类由动词原形演变而来的表示动作,但又不能构成谓语句子成分的词,英语语法笔记!。
2、非谓语动词的分类:分词、动名词、动词不定式。
(1)动名词:其构成为动词原形+ing。
它的构成与现在分词完全相同,所以要从两者的用法上区别这两类词。
用法:可以被用作句子主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
Eg:
(1) Reading affords pleasure. (主语)
(2) The football match between Brazil and China is exciting. (表语)
(3) They enjoyed listening to pop songs very much. (宾语)
(4) My hobby, reading books in bed, remains unchanged. (同位语)
原则:动名词从字面,即语法角度讲,是名词。
但是,其本质上仍然具有动作的性质。
所以,当使用动名词作动词宾语且需要表达动作的施动者时,可以加上相应的所有格代词或者宾格代词;然而,当它用作句子主语时,若要体现这一点,则只能用所有格代词。
Eg:
(1) His giving up smoking is encouraging. (只能用所有格代词)
(2) They enjoyed my/me good cooking. (所有格代词/宾格代词)
(2)分词:分为现在分词和过去分词两大类。
现在分词在构成上与动名词完全相同,而过去分词则在动词后面加-ed构成。
同时,还必须详记一些常用的不规则动词的过去式和过去分词。
分词在句子中一般用作定语和状语。
在详细阐述之前,必须先树立这样一个观念:现在分词表示主动或进行;过去分词表示被动或者完成。
这一点是学习分词的根基!
(I)分词作定语:顾名思义,就是分词可以限定或者修饰名词或代词。
现在开一个十分简单的例子:a working desk --- a desk for
working/a working man --- a man who is/was working 显然,前这是一个动名词,后者是分词。
它们同作定语,但性质不同。
从中我们可以看到:凡是分词用作定语都是从定语从句转换而来。
这是一个基本原则!
Eg:
(1) The windows which face south are broken. ---
The windows facing south are broken.
(2) The man who is talking with the teacher is my father. ---
The man talking with the teacher is my father.
(3) The money invested in this project added up to 20 million yuan. ---
The money, which had been invested in this project, added up to 20 million yuan.
(4) The meeting to be held this weekend is important. ---
The meeting, which is to be held this weekend is important.
结论1:现在分词作后置定语,表示与主句时态一致的一个经常发生的`动作,大学英语《英语语法笔记!》。
结论2:现在分词作后置定语,表示与主句时态一致的一个正在发生的动作。
结论3:过去分词作后置定语,表示被动语态。
结论4:to be+过去分词结构作后置定语,表示即将发生的行为或动作。
原则:一切分词作定语的判断标准就是以上四条,必须牢记!其中,充分体现了“现在分词表示主动或进行;过去分词表示被动或者完成。
”的基本思想。
所以,要清楚,定语从句和分词作定语只是两种不同的表达方式,本质是相同的!
(II)分词作状语:与“分词作定语从定语从句转换而来”如出一辙,分词作状语同样可以看作是从各类状语从句转换而来。
分词作状语共7类,分别是:原因、结果、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状语。
Eg:
(1) Lost in thought, he didn’t even hear her knocking at the door. (原因状语)
(2) He fired, killing two flying birds. (结果状语)
(3) (If) Given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (条件状语)
(4) Doing his homework, the girl was listening to the pop songs. (时间状语)
(5) Gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (让步状语)
(6) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式状语)
(7) Reading detective books, he lied in bed. (伴随状语)
原则1:由于分词作状语是从状语从句转换而来,故有时为了明确句子的具体含义,可以在从句中出现表示主从关系的连接词,往往连接词位于“分词作状语”之前!
Eg:
(1) When doing his homework, the girl was listening to her classical music. (时间状语)
(2) If given more time and money, we could have completed the task. (条件状语)
(3) Although gaining much money, he still felt unhappy. (让步状语)
原则2:分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。
这一点是最根本的原则!只有当两者一致时,分词作状语才能成立。
但是,如果不一致,就不能使用分词作状语,而要用“分词的独立主格结构”予以代替!
Eg:
(1) Using negotiation instead of arm force, the two nations eventually solved the border dispute peacefully. (方式状语) (With) the peaceful means used, the two nations eventually
solved the border di
【非谓语动词英语语法笔记】。