高考英语一轮语法讲义：定语从句

高考英语一轮语法讲义：定语从句精讲

什么是定语？

■ ■■■只要听到…的+名词，….的就是修饰这个名词的定语成分

The innocent /naive nightingale died.

The nightingale (brave and innocent) died.

4.非谓语动词作定语The singing nightingale lost his life.

5.从句作定语定语的位置——“前小后大”

当一个单词修饰名词时，通常放在名词前；当多个单词修饰名词时, 通常放在名词后。

o这是一个关于夜莺和玫瑰的故事。

This is a fiction about a nightingale and a rose：.

o那个懂爱的年轻人离开了王子的舞会。

The youngster grasping romance left the party of the prince.

o被拒绝的那个男生看上去很可怜。

The boy rejected looks pitiful.

当过去分词修饰名词时，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后。

o我有重要的事要告诉你。

I have something important to tell you.

当形容词修饰不定代词时，即使只有一个单词，也通常放在名词后。

谁决定引导词的用法？

o I will never forget the day when I met you.

因为从句不缺主谓宾，that在定语从句中扮演代词的成分，代词只能作主或宾语，when为副词，所以不可以二o I will never forget the day that we spent.

缺宾语所以填that思考以下句子中的引导词为什么这么用？

o You had better have some reason why you are left.

o You had better have some reason that sounds perfect.

1.看先行词，确定范围（3选1）.引导词在从句中能够充当的成分

优点：缩小选择范围缺点：依旧得不到正确答案定语从句引导词的分类新标准

引导词还可以按照引导词本身的词性分类，一共把引导词分成三类：

L代词（在从句中一定要充当主语或宾语的成分）：who, whom, that, which.副词（在从句中不能充当任何主干成分）:where, when, why

2.形容词（在从句中修饰离它最近的那个名词）：whose练习

①夜莺用生命换来的玫瑰被扔掉了。

The rose that/which the nightingale exchanged with his life was discarded.

②这些圆顶的建筑看上去很漂亮。

Buildings whose roods are round look beautiful.

③ 成功属于有梦想的人已经被无数事实所证明了。

It has been validated by numerous facts that glories belong to those with dreams.

those在此表示不特指的多数人④穿自己的鞋不仅方便而且还确保了一点——不用去管别人的态度。

Wearing my own shoes proves not only convenient but also ensures a point that the feelings of others can be ignored.

⑤问题的关键是谁应该为道德的沦丧负责呢。

The point of the issue seems who should be responsible for the decline of ethics.

⑥外表看起来十分遢遢的他其实内心很高尚。

He whose appearance looks indecent proves noble in his mind.

⑦那些全力以赴去实现梦想的人，即使最终没有成功也不会感到遗憾，这很重要。

It seems indispensable that those who spare no efforts to realize their dreams never feel pitiful although glories fail to be achieved.

⑧上课不集中精力而又想通过考试的同学往往会发现结果很糟糕。Students (who fail to concentrate in class but wish to pass examinations smoothly) tend to find that the consequence proves less impressive.

例：我喜欢我妈妈给我买的这本书。

I enjoy the book that my mother bought for me.

考试诀窍：在分析长难句的时候，如果见到有两个名词或者是代词直接放到一起，中间没有被连词或标点符号隔开，通常都是省略了that的定语从句。

•I love Liu who is beautiful.限制我喜欢漂亮的刘。

在分析长难句的时候，非限制性定语从句就相当于插入语，完全可以不看。如果先行词是牧，既可以用that,又可以用which时，非限制性定语从句就只能用which,不能用that先行词和引导词之间有介词的情况

人不用who,只能用whom;物不用that,只能用which。

He is the man we should learn from.此时空格中who/whom 都可以

但如果是He is the man from we should learn.这里介词“from前置，此时就只能用whom 了