考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇_毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.Only if the jobless arrive at the job-center with a CV, register for online job search,and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit —and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed.There will now be a seven-day wait for the job-seeker’s allowance.“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed.“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better,complete with “reforms” to an obviouslyindulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart,delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared.Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborne land, your first instinct is to fall into dependency--permanent dependency if you can get itsupported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.Even the very phrase “job-seeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “job-seeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit,he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job;no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 pounds a week, one of the least generous in the EU.为了”让生活变得更好”，减少”依赖”，财政大臣乔治·奥斯本引进了”前期工作搜索”方案。
考研英语一真题及答案完整解析(1)
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court ’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court ’s decisio_n4s_ w a s illim b e partial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they areso closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court ’s legitimacy by making them_1s9e_lvt e o sthe code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincingas law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultCome on –Everybody ’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and hal f forcing, is what most of us thinkof when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new bookJoin the Club , Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives andpossibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, astate-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising ，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness ofmany pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology . ” Dare to be different, please donpleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desirenothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take apage from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filledwith too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that makepeer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it ’s presen work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There ’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of researchshows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer theiractivities in virtuous directions. It e the teache’r w s ho lik breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing themwith better- behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that ’s the problem with a social cure eng from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers ’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author ’s view, Rosenberg ’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableA deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. T he company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality ofVermont ’ru s les in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It ’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont ’s only nuclear aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permissionfrom state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of theplant ’s license be subject to Vermont legislature ’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn ’t foresee wha next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an undergroundpipe system leakage, raised serious quest ions about both Vermont Yankee ’ssafety and Entergy ’msanagement –especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy ’s Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and thatonly the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereasthe Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say thatVermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concernsabout the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, thatdebate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that ithas noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission torun a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including PilgrimNuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federalpermission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)reviews the company ’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on ”(Line 3.para.1) is closest inomeaning t[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices. [B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals. [D] business vision29. In the auth or ’s view, the Vermont case will test[A]Entergy ’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B]the mature of states ’ patchwork regulations.[C]the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D]the limits of states ’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]Entergy ’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B]the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C]Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D]Vermont ’s reputation might be damaged.In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected b yobjective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape thecontext of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think ourexperiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deceptionabound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, theyare full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. Thisis the credibility process, through which the individual researcher ’me s, here, now becomes the community ’as n yone, anywhere, anytime . Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; otherscientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives thenew discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual ’s discovery claim into the community ’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus onsome aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little rewardaccompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. N ot surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear tobe important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation byfuture researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologistAlbert Azent- Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking nobody has thought. ” But thinking what nobody else has tho au n g d h tt elling others what they havemissed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens ”to a discova e rp yrc o l c a e im ss that corres–ponds to what philosopher AnnetteBaier has described as the commons of the mind . “Wereason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other ’s reasoning and each other ’s conceptions of reason. ”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection. [B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom. [D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Gy? rgyi would most likely agree t hat[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35. W hich of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. WhenHoffa ’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only o ne in ten American government workers belongedto a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America ’s public sector pas fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public- sector unions ’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. Aquarter of A merica ’s pub-s l ie c ctor workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominateleft-of- centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain ’s Labor Party, a long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votesfrom public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public PolicyInstitute of California points out that much of the state ’s budget is patrolled by unions. unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But thereal gains come in benefits and work prac tices. Politicians have repeatedly “bac-s ke lo c a to dr ed ” p pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that arealready generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that thequality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers ’ unions have fought bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard ’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of theUnited States. Bankers ’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but -a se p c u tb ol r ic system thatdoes not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured. [B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased. [D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people ’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue tt’i tud s e atowards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higherthan a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand.Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour t ocreate a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush andgallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production,means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culturemachine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secretwar for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them inpassive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even awareof the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, t heanimal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools butthen turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - andsuperfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after theadvent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material,a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to justconsume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn thepower off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations andexperiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it isto be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyonddownloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media increative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed toembed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - betweenpassive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin toimagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by anotherin the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the w orld'smedia culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtfuldownloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CSince the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton ’s laws of motion and Darwini evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48) T o filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language —acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.( 50) Chomsky ’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lireage-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingSome internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students ’Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming ”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. （20 points ）1. 【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain “维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。
考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)
考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)2019年的考研英语一真题是许多考生备考的焦点之一。
在这篇文章中，我们将为大家提供2019年考研英语一真题及答案的完整内容，并附上详细的解析。
篇章一：阅读理解阅读理解是英语一部分的重要组成部分。
它要求考生阅读并理解一篇文章，然后回答相应的问题。
下面是2019年考研英语一的一道阅读理解原题：Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The era of artificial intelligence(AI) is upon us. It refers to the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. There is a strong belief among experts that AI will play a crucial role in shaping our future. However, opinions on the potential impact of AI differ greatly.Some people argue that AI will lead to the loss of jobs, especially those that involve repetitive tasks. They claim that machines will replace human workers in industries like manufacturing and transportation, resulting in high unemployment rates. In contrast, others believe that AI will create more job opportunities. They argue that the development of AI will lead to theemergence of new industries and the need for skilled workers to design and maintain AI systems.In addition to concerns about employment, there are ethical issues surrounding AI. Questions have been raised about the potential misuse of AI-powered technologies. For example, facial recognition technology could be used by governments and corporations for surveillance purposes, raising concerns about privacy invasion.Despite the debates and concerns, AI is already making significant impact on various industries. For instance, in the field of healthcare, AI technologies are being used to analyze medical data and assist in diagnosis. In the education sector, AI-powered systems are helping teachers personalize learning materials for students. These examples demonstrate the potential of AI to improve our lives and transform industries.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. Why do some people believe that AI will lead to unemployment?3. What ethical issues are mentioned in the passage?4. How is AI currently used in healthcare?5. What does the author say about AI's potential?解析：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?本题要求考生确定文章主要讨论了什么。
考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版
考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Part AText 1As a Canadian, I am ashamed of Canada’s commercial seal slaughter. Humane Society International’s campaign to end the commercial seal slaughter seeks to increase worldwide understanding of Canada’s annual seal hunt and create pressure that will result in government action to end the slaughter. The Canadian Government needs to end the seal hunt now.More than one million seals have been killed in the past five years alone, and according to Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the demand for seal products is diminishing greatly, with 35 countries banning seal product imports. The commercial seal hunt is a dying industry in Canada that relies heavily on government subsidies. Taxpayers’ money should be directed to industries that are sustainable and do not rely on the cruel slaughter of animals.The argument that seals have to be killed to protect fish populations is unfounded. Studies have shown that the larger marine predators that feed on seals have a stronger impact on fish populations than seals themselves. In addition, Canada’s own Department of Fisheries and Oceans has said that there is no evidence to suggest seals are the cause of fish stock decline.There are better alternatives to the commercial seal slaughter. The Canadian Government should invest in the development of a sealing industry that focuses on non-lethal alternatives such as ecotourism, which would benefit local communities and bring in much-needed revenue withoutthe cruelty associated with the seal hunt. This would also help to restore Canada’s reputation as a compassionate and environmentally conscious nation.In conclusion, the commercial seal slaughter in Canada is a cruel and unnecessary practice that should be ended immediately. With the diminishing demand for seal products and the availability of alternative industries, it is time for the Canadian Government to take action and put an end to this inhumane hunt.翻译版：作为一个加拿大人，我为加拿大的商业捕猎海豹的行为感到羞耻。
2021 考研英语阅读真题Text 1(英语一)
2021 Text 1（英语⼀）How can Britain's train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?英国的⽕⽕运营商怎么会有理由再⽕次提⽕铁路票价？It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of traveling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.这已经成为⽕个严峻、铁打不动的年度惯例：每年1⽕，乘坐⽕⽕的费⽕都会增加，给那些别⽕选择只能使⽕铁路⽕络上班或其他的⽕带来巨⽕的额外负担。
This year's rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a fraction lower than last year's,but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.今年的平均涨幅为2.7%，可能⽕去年略低，但仍远⽕于衡量通胀的官⽕消费者价格指数(CPI)。
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.历届政府都允许这种增⽕，理由是投资和运营铁路⽕络的成本应该由使⽕铁路的⽕承担，⽕不是由⽕般纳税⽕承担。
2020考研英语一阅读text1
文本内容：As we all know, COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, has spread globally since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The impact of the virus has been widespread, leading to social, economic, and health-related disruptions across the world. In the midst of this global crisis, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and take the necessary precautions to protect themselves and others from the virus.1. The Origins and Spread of COVID-19The COVID-19 virus, officially named SARS-CoV-2, is believed to have originated in bats and may have been transmitted to humans through another animal host at a seafood market in Wuhan. Since then, the virus has rapidly spread to other countries, leading to widespread outbreaks and a pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020.2. The Impact on Public HealthThe rapid spread of COVID-19 has placed immense str本人n on healthcare systems worldwide. Hospitals and medical facilities have faced challenges in providing adequate care for thoseinfected with the virus, leading to shortages of medical supplies, intensive care unit beds, and healthcare workers. Additionally, the virus has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations, including the elderly and individuals with underlying health conditions.3. Economic DisruptionsThe global economy has suffered significant disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures have led to the closure of businesses, a rise in unemployment, and a decline in consumer spending. Governments have implemented various economic relief measures to support businesses and individuals impacted by the pandemic.4. Social and Behavioral ChangesThe pandemic has also brought about significant changes in societal behavior and norms. Practices such as wearing masks,m本人nt本人ning physical distance, and frequent handwashing have bemonplace to mitigate the spread of the virus. Additionally, many individuals have adapted to remote work and virtual forms of social interaction toply with public health guidelines.5. The Role of Science and ResearchEfforts tobat COVID-19 have been driven by scientific research and collaboration. The development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnostic tests has been a priority for the global scientificmunity. Furthermore, researchers have worked to understand the transmission dynamics of the virus and its impact on human health, contributing to the development of public health strategies.6. The Importance of Education and AwarenessAmid the pandemic, educating the public about the virus and its prevention measures has been paramount. Public health authorities and organizations have disseminated information about COVID-19 through various channels, including websites, social media, and public service announcements. It is crucial for individuals to stay informed and adhere to public health guidelines to protect themselves and others.7. Looking Towards the FutureAs the world continues to grapple with the ongoing challenges posed by COVID-19, it is essential to rem本人n vigilant and united in our efforts to ovee the pandemic. Vaccination camp本人gns, continued research, and international collaboration will be crucial in mitigating the impact of the virus and preventing future outbreaks. It is important for individuals to rem本人n informed, adaptable, and resilient in the face of this global crisis.结语In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences on public health, the economy, and societal behavior. It is imperative for individuals to stay informed, follow public health guidelines, and support efforts tobat the virus. By working together and rem本人ning resilient, we can ovee the challenges posed by COVID-19 and pave the way for a healthier and more secure future.。
考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版
考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版【考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版】考研英语一真题及答案解析已成为考研复习的重要内容之一。
对于考生来说，了解历年真题以及解析对于备考至关重要。
本文将为大家提供考研英语一真题及答案解析的完整版，旨在帮助考生更好地复习备考。
一、阅读理解以下是一道考研英语一真题的阅读理解部分，附有答案解析：Passage 1In the late 19th century, the advent of the telephone and transportation of ever-larger quantities of goods led to the elaboration of methods of mass production, with the telephone expanding the market for products of all kinds. But it was also clear at once that the telephone brought with it the disadvantage of the growing number of interruptions in the intimacy (亲密)of family life.As long as only telegrams could be received over the telephone, this disadvantage only concerned business and politicians who could be interrupted at home. But as soon as relatives and friends began to telephone one another, people had to start struggling with new difficulties and new obligations (义务). As many other important inventions in the course of history, the telephone became a burden (负担)for persons of culture who would not easily yield their privacy (隐私权).With the invention of the telephone, ways had to be found to establish rules as to when and by whom telephone calls could be made without interrupting. The telephone, in order to be acceptable, had to bear certain qualities which were also valid for other cultural goods – mainly the quality to bring people toward one another and to integrate (整合)them into the common world.These results could, however, be achieved only by the contribution of a large number of people who followed certain rules of behavior with regard to the telephone. But such rules had to be collectively established, they had to be known and accepted by everyone; it would not have been sufficient if only a few informed persons, acting in a purely academic capacity =by themselves, had found them out and had spread (传播)them – that is, if people had known the rules only in the abstract.As soon as propriety (礼节)became a matter of public interest, the invention of the telephone brought about the establishment of a teachers of telephone behavior – professors who explained the norms (规范)of telephone behavior, who taught people how to accept messages, how to make a call politely and yet firmly (委婉), how to end calls courteously (谦虚地), and how to use a telephone correctly. These professors were also at the service of companies and private persons for individual consultation on the same topics. Thanks to these people the invasion of privacy by telephone could be tempered (缓和), the annoyance (麻烦) of being interrupted by telephone calls could be reduced.11. According to the passage, the advent of the telephone led to ______.A) an almost immediate invasion of privacyB) the formation of new obligationsC) the integration of business and politicsD) the expansion of the market for various products答案解析：D) the expansion of the market for various products.解析：根据文章的第一句“In the late 19th century, the advent of the telephone and transportation of ever-larger quantities of goods led to the elaboration of methods of mass production.”可知，电话的出现推动了商品市场的扩大。
考研英语1试卷真题
考研英语1试卷真题一、阅读理解（共20题，每题2分，满分40分）阅读材料1In the modern era, the rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to our daily lives. The Internet, smartphones, and social media have become integral parts of modern society. However, the question arises: Are we becoming too dependent on technology?1. What is the main topic discussed in the passage?A) The history of technologyB) The impact of technology on societyC) The future of technologyD) The benefits of technology答案：B阅读材料2The concept of sustainable development has been a hot topicin recent years. It emphasizes the need for economic growth that is ecologically sustainable, socially inclusive, and economically viable. This means that development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.2. What does the term "sustainable development" refer to?A) Economic growth that is only environmentally friendlyB) A development model that considers the long-term needs of societyC) A focus on social issues without considering economic growthD) A temporary solution to economic problems答案：B二、完形填空（共10题，每题1分，满分10分）In recent years, the trend of urbanization has been accelerating. More and more people are moving to cities in search of better job opportunities and a higher standard of living. However, this trend has also led to a series of problems, such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution.3. The word "accelerating" in the passage is closest in meaning to:A) Slowing downB) Staying the sameC) Speeding upD) Changing direction答案：C四、翻译（英译汉，满分15分）Translate the following sentence into Chinese:4. The government has implemented a series of measures to curb the spread of the virus.翻译：政府实施了一系列措施来遏制病毒的传播。
2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇_毙考题
2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇Come on--Everybody’s doing it.That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.It usually leads to no good--drinking, drugs and casual sex.But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of examples of the social cure in action:In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool.In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising, and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.Her critique of the lameness of many public-health campaigns is spot-on:they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers—teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in.Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive.Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detailand not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long.Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut.Evidence that the Love Life program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that o ur peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits--as well as negative onesspread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions.It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates.The tactic never really works.And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside:in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.赶紧加入吧，每个人都在这样做呢。
2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析（text1）
2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析(text1) 2019年考研英语一阅读理解真题已公布，为大家提供2019考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析(text1)(text1)(text1)，一起来学习一下吧！，一起来学习一下吧！ Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this this ““clawback clawback”” rule is to hold bankers aountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but but by by all all corporations, corporations, corporations, to to build a stronger stronger economy economy for future generations.“Short-termism Short-termism”” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded panies, says the Bank of England England’’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience impatience as as acting like like ““Children Children who who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once their pudding to eat them at once”” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from panies, can hinder a firm firm’’sefforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed This has been dubbed ““quarterly capitalism quarterly capitalism””In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. "There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,long-term investing,”” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of xx has pushed most public panies to defer performance bonuses for seniorexecutives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short -termism .-termism .”” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The Wall Street Journal finds that that ““a substantial part part ”” of executive pay is now tied to performance .Much more could be done to encourage Much more could be done to encourage ““long-termism long-termism，”，” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a panyinvestment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a pany.Within panies, the right pensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the pany and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.21. Aording to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is theA. enhance bankers A. enhance bankers’’ sense of responsibilityB. help corporations achieve larger profitsC. build a new system of financial regulationD. guarantee the bonuses of top executives22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicateA. the conditions for generating quick profitsB. governments B. governments’’ impatience in decision-makingC. the solid structure of publicly traded paniesD. D. ““short-termism short-termism”” in economic activities23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public panies can beA. indirectB. adverseC. minimalD. temporary24. The US and France examples and used to illustrateA. the obstacles to preventing A. the obstacles to preventing ““short-termism short-termism””.B. the significance of long-term thinking.C. the approaches to promoting C. the approaches to promoting ““long-termism long-termism””.D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Failure of Quarterly CapitalismB. Patience as a Corporate VirtueC. Decisiveness Required of Top ExecutivesD. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers21. 21. 答案【答案【答案【A A 】 enhance bankers enhance bankers’’sense of responsibility 解析：本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。
考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版
考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版考研英语一是许多考生备战研究生入学考试的重点科目之一。
为了帮助考生更好地了解和应对考试，本文将给出考研英语一真题及答案解析的完整版。
以下将根据不同题型进行分析和讲解。
I. 阅读理解1. 第一篇阅读理解Passage 1题目: The Study of Happiness本文介绍了关于幸福研究的相关信息。
研究表明，幸福与顺境并不完全相关，财富和成功并不能带来持久的幸福感。
幸福感与其他因素，如亲密关系、健康和社区支持等密切相关。
解析: 这道题要求理解幸福与顺境之间的关系。
正确答案为C。
2. 第二篇阅读理解Passage 2题目: The Role of Music in Our Lives本文探讨了音乐在人们生活中的作用。
音乐可以带来各种情绪体验，并对记忆和认知功能产生积极影响。
此外，与音乐创作和表演相关的活动也能增强社会联系和合作意识。
解析: 这道题要求理解音乐对人们的作用。
正确答案为D。
II. 翻译1. 英译汉题目: There are many benefits to learning a foreign language. First, it helps you communicate with people from different cultures. Second, it improves your cognitive skills and memory. Finally, it opens up new career opportunities.解析: 这道题要求将英语句子翻译成中文。
正确答案为学习一门外语有很多好处。
首先，它帮助你和来自不同文化的人进行交流。
其次，它提高了你的认知能力和记忆力。
最后，它为你打开了新的职业机会。
2. 汉译英题目: 学习一门外语对个人发展有积极影响。
首先，它培养了人们的跨文化交际能力。
其次，它拓宽了人们的视野。
最后，它提升了就业竞争力。
考研英语阅读真题考研英语第篇毙考题
2013考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds herunattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her.'Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant ' s sweaterdescended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girldoubtless found her garment.This top- down conception of the fashion business couldn ' t be more out of dateor at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline ' tsree-year indictment of “ fastfashion ".In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H M, and Uniqloto react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quickier turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit.Those labels encourage style conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable - meant to last only a wash ortwo,althoug h they don ' t advertise thand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers.For H M to offer a $ knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world ' s answer to c ovisumsstsellers like Michael PollanThe Omnivore ' s Dilemma.“Mass)roduced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful, “ Cangues.Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year--about 64 items per personand no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes — and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H M, with its green Conscious Collection line.Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can ' t a not to.在2006年上映的《穿普拉达的女王》中，由Meryl Streep出演的Miranda Priestly臭骂她那个毫无魅力的助手，因为她居然认为高级时尚影响不到她。
2020年考研英语(一)真题~阅读理解答案
2020年考研英语（一）阅读理解答案Text121C这道题是细节题。
题干问库珀和她的同事们认为“文化之城”这一奖项可能会怎样可以定位在第一段第三句：“Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,……”“赫尔之冠”的成功并不局限于城市，它为赫尔带来了2.2亿欧元的投资和大量艺术作品。
英国的城镇，确实没有被阻止申请，但他们通常缺乏资源来凑齐一点来击败他们更大的竞争对手。
有人认为，“文化之城”奖可以成为一项年度活动，吸引资金并创造就业机会。
所以能看出答案是C.增强英国城镇的经济实力。
22B该题是推断题,题干问:根据第二段，这一提议或许会被一些人认为是…….。
可以定位在第二段第一句“Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that……”“有些人可能会把这个提议看作是一个嘘声，因为英国已经不能再申请更有声望的欧洲文化之都的称号了……”能看出来有些人是持反面态度的。
很多人不认识boo，但是也能从后面的on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for,在绝望地为英国退欧后的世界重塑形象之际，英国即将消失在一场无休止的自我庆祝热潮之中.接下来几个反问句，能看出来是一种自我欺骗的尝试，所以选择B。
23D该题也是细节题,题干问:作者认为这个头衔的持有者是成功的只要它……可以定位到第三段第三句，这些头衔真正成功的持有者，是那些除了为酒店带来收入、带来引人注目的艺术活动和一年的良好报道之外，还做了很多事情的人。
它们转变了当地居民的愿望;他们将城市的自我形象推向更大胆、更乐观的一面。
考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第篇_毙考题
2012考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇A deal is a deal—except, apparently, when Entergy is involved.The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announcedit was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not:challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court,as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running.It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon.As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012.In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval.Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next.A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage,raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s managementespecially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe.Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation,and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues.The legal issues in the case are obscure:whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power,legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend.Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with。
2017 考研英语阅读真题Text 1(英语一)
2017 Text 1（英语⼀）First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authoritiesare recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.从开始的两个⼩时，到现在是三个⼩时——这是当局建议⼩们乘坐国内航班需要提前到达机场的时间，⼩少在⼩些安检队伍越来越⼩的主要的美国机场是这种情况。
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety.为了确保更加安全，美国⼩也愿意忍受耗时的安检流程。
The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downedover the Mediterranean Sea , provides another tragic reminder of why.埃及航空804号航班很可能是由于恐怖分⼩袭击，于地中海坠机，这⼩悲剧的发⼩也证明了乘客为何愿意忍受耗时的安检流程。
But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.然⼩对⼩机旅客要求太⼩，或者提供的安全保障太低只会使⼩众对安检流程失去信⼩。
And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.不过这也怪不了乘客：安检所耗费的⼩量时间不仅使得乘客⼩为恼⼩，也损害美国⼩的经济和个⼩⼩活。
2023考研英语阅读真题 Text 1(英语一)
2023 Text 1（英语⼀）The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.德克萨斯州最近经历了极端⾼温，⾼前可能已经降温，但本⾼在奥斯汀举⾼的州教育委员会会议上⾼氛却⾼分热烈，因为官员们正在辩论如何在德克萨斯州的学校⾼教授⾼候变化。
Pat Hardy, who sympathized with views of the energy sector, is resisting the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils.帕特·哈代赞同能源部⾼的观点，他抵制对前⾼少年期的学⾼的科学标准进⾼修改的建议。
These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.这将强调⾼类活动在最近⾼候变化中的⾼要地位，并⾼励讨论缓解（⾼候变化的）措施。
Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy's views.⾼多数科学家和专家强烈反对哈代的观点。
"They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion," says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the TexasFreedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education , "Whatmillions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by theof partisan board members , rather than facts and soundpolitical ideologyscholarship."监督公共教育的⾼营利组织德克萨斯⾼由⾼络的⾼级通信策略师丹·奎因说：“他们随意地将学者和科学家的职业⾼作视为另⾼种被误导的观点，数百万德州⾼童在公⾼学校学到的东⾼往往是由党派委员会成员的政治意识形态决定的，⾼⾼事实和正确的学术知识。
考研英一阅读真题
考研英一阅读真题语法和词汇是阅读的基础，但是并不是说你语法特别好，词汇量特别大，阅读英文文章就没有问题。
所以我们在复习的时候要有意识地提升阅读力量，尤其要令你的阅读力量契合于考研英语要求。
下文是我为你细心编辑整理的考研英一阅读真题，盼望对你有所关心，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，感谢!考研英一阅读真题1Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britains National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2022 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denhams report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latters expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denhams verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The authors attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.考研英一阅读真题2The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNott announced today. The Follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that Mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the Published research findings.Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the Journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the Journals editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review theseAsked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said,The creation of thestatistics boardwas motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Sciences overall drive to increase reproducibilityin the research we publish.Giovanni Parmigiani，a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to play primarily on advisory role. He agreed to join because he found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is a most welcome step forwardand long overdue,Most journals are weak in statistical review，and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papersnowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research，according to David Vaux，a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2022，but journals should also take a tougher line，engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process.Vaux says that Sciences idea to pass some papers to statisticians has some merit，but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identifythe papers that need scrutinyin the first place.31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase flagged up (Para.2)is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Sciences circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA. adds to researchers worklosd.B. diminishes the role of reviewers.C. has room for further improvement.D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB. Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors DesksD. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science考研英一阅读真题3Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldnt we? Take a broader look at our species place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years (see 100,000 AD: Living in the deep future). Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCNs Red List of threatened species, and you will read: Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implications of their ideas over very long timescales. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, buried deep inside a mountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we should recognise a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling the camera right back and asking what humanitys impact will be on the planet - in the context of stratigraphic time.Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of todays technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and its perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. Thats one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to thenear future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species may flourish, a great many individuals may not. But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today, and to make a future worth living in.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for ares of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and teched[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our bdief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN“Rod List”suggest that human beings on[A] a sustained species[B] the word’s deminant power[C] a threat to the environment[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] draw on our experience from the past.[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.[D] Science, Technology and Humanity.。
考研英语text1试题及答案
考研英语text1试题及答案考研英语Text 1 试题及答案一、阅读理解（共40分）1. 根据文章内容，作者主要讨论了哪个问题？（5分）A. 考研英语的难度B. 考研英语的备考策略C. 考研英语的重要性D. 考研英语的评分标准答案：B2. 文章中提到了哪些备考策略？（5分）请列举至少两个。
A. 阅读大量英文文献B. 参加模拟考试C. 学习英语语法D. 与他人进行英语对话答案：A, B3. 根据文章，为什么说考研英语的备考是一个长期的过程？（5分）A. 需要大量的词汇积累B. 需要持续的语法训练C. 需要不断的实践和应用D. 所有选项都正确答案：D4. 文章中提到的“语境理解”是什么意思？（5分）A. 理解单词在句子中的含义B. 理解句子在段落中的作用C. 理解段落在文章中的位置D. 理解文章的整体结构答案：B5. 作者建议考生如何提高英语写作能力？（5分）A. 多读英文书籍B. 多写英文文章C. 多参加写作课程D. 多与他人讨论写作技巧答案：B二、词汇题（共20分）6. 根据上下文，单词 "contextualize" 的意思是什么？（5分）A. 使适应环境B. 使具体化C. 使与上下文相关D. 使与背景相关答案：C7. "Colloquial" 在文中指的是什么？（5分）A. 正式的B. 口语的C. 书面的D. 学术的答案：B8. "Comprehension" 在本文中的含义是什么？（5分）A. 理解力B. 听力C. 阅读D. 写作答案：A9. "Vocabulary" 在考研英语中通常指的是什么？（5分）A. 词汇量B. 语法知识C. 句型结构D. 写作技巧答案：A三、完形填空（共20分）[此处应提供一段含有空格的文本，每个空格后应提供四个选项，考生需从四个选项中选择最合适的一个填入空格。
]10. 完形填空题目（每题2分，共20分）[文本略]A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. SinceD. If答案：A[其他题目略]四、翻译（共20分）11. 将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
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2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.
Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.
They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.
That’s a start.
And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death – as some have done.
It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape – measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.
And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.
Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.
In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models.
The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.
The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
But in general it relies on a name-and–shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.
Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
法国一向以作为全球时尚革新者为傲，如今它已决定其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性体型美的绝对权力。
上周，法国的立法者初步通过了一部法律，该法律将使用超瘦模特上T型台。